US2595292A - Method of adding alloys to metals - Google Patents

Method of adding alloys to metals Download PDF

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US2595292A
US2595292A US119659A US11965949A US2595292A US 2595292 A US2595292 A US 2595292A US 119659 A US119659 A US 119659A US 11965949 A US11965949 A US 11965949A US 2595292 A US2595292 A US 2595292A
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ladle
rod
molten metal
alloy
alloys
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Herbert A Reece
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/0025—Charging or loading melting furnaces with material in the solid state
    • F27D3/0027—Charging vertically with corbs
    • F27D3/0028—Corbs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces

Definitions

  • This invention relates, as indicated, to methods of adding alloys or alloying constituents to molten metals.
  • the crushed or atomized materials may be-- come oxidized in the presence of oxygen, thereby introducing undesirable contaminants into the molten metal.
  • the spout in some cases, needs to be mechasized, in order to minimize the danger of oxida- 5.
  • Light volatile alloys such, for example, as those of magnesium and calcium, tend to float on the molten metal, become oxidized and form slag coatings which prevent incorporation of the alloys in the molten metal.
  • the alloy, in the form of a rod is held in the ladle 2, by means of a clamp 3, which rests on the cover 4 of the ladle.
  • the upper end of; the. rod .extends through a small opening in such a mann r as to avoid impingement of the stream of metal against the rod.
  • the molten metal rises in the ladle, it melts the rod I pror gressively from the lower end upwardly.
  • percentage or amount of alloy thus incorporated in the molten metal can be controlled by the thickness of the rod.
  • the alloy By introducing the alloy into the molten metal in the aforesaid form and manner, the alloy is virtually completely protected from oxidation. the formation of slag coverings is largely avoided, uniformity of absorption of the alloy in the molten metal is insured, a uniform dissolution rate is obtained (the alloy dissolving in a ratio directly proportional to the. rate at which the ladle is filled), and contact 'of the alloy'with the total amount of metal in the'ladle is assured.
  • the method moreover, is more economi al from every standpoint than'existing methods, since the alloys can be cast or extruded economically in rod or stick form, and do not require crushing or comminuting in any way. Furthermore, the alloy, being in the form of a solid rod, is less likely tobe-oxidized, even if exposed, than if in crushed or pulverized form.
  • the alloy rod. as shown in Fig; 1 may be immersed in the molten metal in the ladle after the ladle has been filled, with substantially the same results and advantages.
  • the ladle l is not provided with a cover, but instead, the alloy rod 8 is clamped at its upper end in a clamp 9, which is supported by a handle 16, which rests on the'upper edge of a ladle.
  • the molten metal flows into the ladle from the trough l l and the rod is melted by such metal as the latter fills the ladle, as in Fig. 1. Due to the absence of a cover on the ladle, the possibilities of oxidation of the alloy rod and of formation of a slag coating are sli htly greater than in Fig. 1, but are nevertheless not substantial.
  • Fig. 3 the arrangement is similar to that shown in Fig. 1, but in this case, the upper end of the alloy rod l2 has a slight taper and is filotionally supported in an opening in the cover [3 of the ladle, thereby dispensing with the need for rod-supporting clamps.
  • Fig. 4 an arrangement-similar to that shown in Fig. l is employed, but in this case, rods l4 and I5 of different alloys are shown, which rods are simultaneously melted by the rising molten metal.
  • the rods may be of different diameters, thereby controlling the relative proportions of alloying constituents in the final metal.
  • the ladle in this case, is shown as having a refractory lining 16.
  • the weight per linear inch of the respective rods may be varied in proportion to the weight or molten metal poured into the ladle.
  • the red in cases where the alloy rod is made of a light, volatile alloy, which is readily oxidizable at high temperatures, the red, as shown in Fig. 5, may be provided with a protective coating or plating ll of a metal, such, for example, as chromium or other heat-resistant metal.
  • the alloy when cast, may be poured into a tube or pipe of iron or steel or the like, or may be poured into a non-metallic conduit, as for instance, a graphite cylinder, in either of which cases, the alloy will melt and flow downwardly into the ladle metal as the ladle fills.
  • the tube or cylinder into which the alloy is poured may be pierced or slotted to permit the alloy to be fed into the metal progressively as the alloy is melted.
  • Fig. 6 an. arrangement is shown for gradually feeding the alloy rod 1' in to the ladle 18.
  • a mechanism 19 similar to that employed for actuating the stopper of a conventional bottom tap mechanism, may be employed.
  • a modification of the invention is shown, in which the alloy rod 20 is progressively fed into the stream of molten metal as the latter flows down the trough 2 i, the rod being progressively melted by the flowing metal.
  • a rack and gear mechanism may be employed for the purpose of thus progressively feeding the rod 20.
  • Rods of two or more different alloys may be fed in this manner, and the relative proportions of the alloying additions may be controlled as by using rods of different diameters, as shown in Fig. 4, or by feeding one of the rods at a greater rate of speed than the other.
  • the rod is susceptible of being melted at the molten metal line and thereby breakingofi'
  • a reaction chamber such as a forehearth or the crucible of a cupola.
  • the methods are also adaptable for incorporating two or more alloys into molten metal, by the use of a single rod.
  • one of the alloys may be cast around a solid alloy rod, and in some cases, a third alloy may be cast around the other two. This is of particular value in cases where fixed percentages of alloys are to be added to a molten metal in production work. It may also be valuable where the alloy needed in a molten metal and added in rod form requires a carrier to avoid violent reactions, or, in other cases, where the carrier would speed up the reaction.
  • the aforesaid methods are applicable to the incorporation of various typesof alloys in molten iron and non-ferrous metals.
  • alloys are those of silicon, manganese, molybdenum, magnesium, calcium, titanium, nickel, chromium,
  • vanadium, copper, etc. may also be added to molten iron in this manner.
  • Graphite, boron, etc. may also be added to molten iron in this manner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Description

May 6, 1952 H. A. REECE METHOD OF ADDING ALLOYS TO METALS Filed Oct. 5, 1949 INVENTOR. HERBERT A. REEcE AT T O QNEY Patented May 6, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE I METHOD OF ADDING ALLOYS TO METALS Herbert A. Reece, Cleveland Heights, Ohio Application October 5, 1949, Serial No. 119,659
Claims. 1
This invention relates, as indicated, to methods of adding alloys or alloying constituents to molten metals.
It has heretofore been more or less standard practice, in adding alloys or alloying constitucuts to molten metals, to add the alloy or alloying constituent either in the form of a crushed material to the ladle containing the molten metal or to the spout through which the molten metal flows, or in the form of an atomized material by vibrating 0r rotor machine to the ladle or spout.
The aforesaid methods are characterized by a number of disadvantages or deficiencies, among Which the following may be enumerated:
1. They involve crushing of the alloys or alloying ingredients, which is somewhat costly.
2. The crushed or atomized materials may be-- come oxidized in the presence of oxygen, thereby introducing undesirable contaminants into the molten metal.
3. The oxides thus formed contaminate the. ladle sides and spout.
4. The spout, in some cases, needs to be mechasized, in order to minimize the danger of oxida- 5. Light volatile alloys, such, for example, as those of magnesium and calcium, tend to float on the molten metal, become oxidized and form slag coatings which prevent incorporation of the alloys in the molten metal.
I have discovered, as the result of considerable research, that all or many of the aforesaid disadvantages and deficiencies can be obviated or minimized by adding the alloys or alloying constituents to the molten metal in the form of a rod. or stick.
The addition of the alloy in such form may be accomplished in various ways, several of which are illustrated more or less dia rammatically in the accompanying drawing, forming a part of this specification.
In Fig. 1, the alloy, in the form of a rod is held in the ladle 2, by means of a clamp 3, which rests on the cover 4 of the ladle. The upper end of; the. rod .extends through a small opening in such a mann r as to avoid impingement of the stream of metal against the rod. As the molten metal rises in the ladle, it melts the rod I pror gressively from the lower end upwardly. The
percentage or amount of alloy thus incorporated in the molten metal can be controlled by the thickness of the rod.
By introducing the alloy into the molten metal in the aforesaid form and manner, the alloy is virtually completely protected from oxidation. the formation of slag coverings is largely avoided, uniformity of absorption of the alloy in the molten metal is insured, a uniform dissolution rate is obtained (the alloy dissolving in a ratio directly proportional to the. rate at which the ladle is filled), and contact 'of the alloy'with the total amount of metal in the'ladle is assured. The method, moreover, is more economi al from every standpoint than'existing methods, since the alloys can be cast or extruded economically in rod or stick form, and do not require crushing or comminuting in any way. Furthermore, the alloy, being in the form of a solid rod, is less likely tobe-oxidized, even if exposed, than if in crushed or pulverized form.
If desired, the alloy rod. as shown in Fig; 1, may be immersed in the molten metal in the ladle after the ladle has been filled, with substantially the same results and advantages.
In Fig. 2, the ladle l is not provided with a cover, but instead, the alloy rod 8 is clamped at its upper end in a clamp 9, which is supported by a handle 16, which rests on the'upper edge of a ladle. The molten metal flows into the ladle from the trough l l and the rod is melted by such metal as the latter fills the ladle, as in Fig. 1. Due to the absence of a cover on the ladle, the possibilities of oxidation of the alloy rod and of formation of a slag coating are sli htly greater than in Fig. 1, but are nevertheless not substantial.
In Fig. 3, the arrangement is similar to that shown in Fig. 1, but in this case, the upper end of the alloy rod l2 has a slight taper and is filotionally supported in an opening in the cover [3 of the ladle, thereby dispensing with the need for rod-supporting clamps.
In Fig. 4, an arrangement-similar to that shown in Fig. l is employed, but in this case, rods l4 and I5 of different alloys are shown, which rods are simultaneously melted by the rising molten metal. The rods may be of different diameters, thereby controlling the relative proportions of alloying constituents in the final metal. The ladle, in this case, is shown as having a refractory lining 16. As an alternative to this, the weight per linear inch of the respective rods may be varied in proportion to the weight or molten metal poured into the ladle.
In cases where the alloy rod is made of a light, volatile alloy, which is readily oxidizable at high temperatures, the red, as shown in Fig. 5, may be provided with a protective coating or plating ll of a metal, such, for example, as chromium or other heat-resistant metal. As an alternative to such coating, the alloy, when cast, may be poured into a tube or pipe of iron or steel or the like, or may be poured into a non-metallic conduit, as for instance, a graphite cylinder, in either of which cases, the alloy will melt and flow downwardly into the ladle metal as the ladle fills. As a further modification of this procedure, the tube or cylinder into which the alloy is poured, may be pierced or slotted to permit the alloy to be fed into the metal progressively as the alloy is melted.
In Fig. 6, an. arrangement is shown for gradually feeding the alloy rod 1' in to the ladle 18. For this purpose, a mechanism 19, similar to that employed for actuating the stopper of a conventional bottom tap mechanism, may be employed.
In Fig. 7, a modification of the invention is shown, in which the alloy rod 20 is progressively fed into the stream of molten metal as the latter flows down the trough 2 i, the rod being progressively melted by the flowing metal. For the purpose of thus progressively feeding the rod 20, a rack and gear mechanism may be employed. Rods of two or more different alloys may be fed in this manner, and the relative proportions of the alloying additions may be controlled as by using rods of different diameters, as shown in Fig. 4, or by feeding one of the rods at a greater rate of speed than the other.
In some cases, where the rod is susceptible of being melted at the molten metal line and thereby breakingofi', it is desirable to taper the rod, so that its diameter gradually increases in an upwardly direction. This tends to draw the heat of the molten metal away from the rod at the metal line, thus preventing or minimizing the chances of such burning oil of the rod. Instead of feeding the alloy rod into a ladle or trough, it could be fed into a reaction chamber, such as a forehearth or the crucible of a cupola.
The methods are also adaptable for incorporating two or more alloys into molten metal, by the use of a single rod. For this purpose, one of the alloys may be cast around a solid alloy rod, and in some cases, a third alloy may be cast around the other two. This is of particular value in cases where fixed percentages of alloys are to be added to a molten metal in production work. It may also be valuable where the alloy needed in a molten metal and added in rod form requires a carrier to avoid violent reactions, or, in other cases, where the carrier would speed up the reaction.
The aforesaid methods are applicable to the incorporation of various typesof alloys in molten iron and non-ferrous metals. Among such alloys are those of silicon, manganese, molybdenum, magnesium, calcium, titanium, nickel, chromium,
vanadium, copper, etc. Graphite, boron, etc. may also be added to molten iron in this manner.
It is to be understood that various changes may be made in the steps and other details of the methods, as described, without departing from the scope of the invention.
Having thus described my invention, I claim:
1. The method of incorporating an alloying ingredient in a molten metal, said method comprising stationarily supporting the alloying ingredient, in the form of a rod or stick, substantially vertically in a ladle, and causing molten metal to flow into the ladle in a stream spaced laterally a substantial distance from said rod so as to avoid impingement of the stream of metal against the rod, whereby the rod is progressively melted from its lower end upwardly as the level of the molten metal rises in the ladle, and the alloying ingredient is uniformly distributed throughout the molten metal. A
2. The method, as recited in claim 1, in which the rod is supported at a position adjacent one side of the ladle, and the molten metal is poured into the ladle at a position adjacent the opposite side of the ladle.
3. The method of incorporating a plurality of different alloying ingredients in a molten metal, said method comprising stationarily supporting the alloying ingredients, each in the form of a separate rod or stick spaced from the others, substantially vertically in a ladle, and causing molten metal to flow into the ladle in a stream spaced a substantial distance from saidrods so as to avoid impingement of the stream of metal against the rods, whereby the rods are progressively melted from their lower ends upwardly as the level of the molten metal rises in the ladle, and the alloying ingredients are uniformly distributed throughout the molten metal.
4. The method, as recited in claim 3, in which the rods are supported at positions adjacent one side of the ladle, and the molten metal is poured into the ladle at a position adjacent the opposite side of the ladle.
5. The method, as defined in claim 3, in which the different rods are of difierent diameters, whereby different amounts of the alloying ingradients are incorporated in the molten metal in direct proportion to the diameter of the rods.
HERBERT A. REECE.
REFERENCES crrnn The following references are of record 'inthe file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENT Number Great Britain of 1878

Claims (1)

1. THE METHOD OF INCORPORATING AN ALLOYNG INGREDIENT IN A MOLTEN METAL, SAID METHOD COMPRISING SATIONARILY SUPPORTING THE ALLOYING INGREDIENT, IN THE FORM OF A ROD OR STICK, SUBSTANTIALLY VERTICALLY IN A LADLE, AND CAUSING MOLTEN METAL TO FLOW INTO THE LADLE IN A STREAM SPACED LATERALLY A SUBSTANTIAL DISTANCE FROM SAID ROD SO AS TO AVOID IMPINGEMENT OF THE STREAM OF METAL AGAINST THE ROD, WHERBY THE ROD IS PROGRESSIVELY MELTED FROM ITS LOWER END UPWARDLY AS THE LEVEL OF THE MOLTEN METAL RISES IN THE LADLE, AND THE ALLOYING INGREDIENT IS UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED THROUGHOUT THE MOLTEN METAL.
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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2788270A (en) * 1954-08-10 1957-04-09 Universal Cyclops Steel Corp Method and apparatus for melting metal under vacuum
US2956765A (en) * 1957-07-15 1960-10-18 Cleveland Electro Metals Co Ex-bar hanger
US2978765A (en) * 1957-06-13 1961-04-11 Cleveland Electro Metals Co Method and means for alloying molten metals
US3130045A (en) * 1959-10-13 1964-04-21 Owens Illinois Glass Co Method of effecting exothermic reactions
US3228766A (en) * 1965-02-01 1966-01-11 Inland Steel Co Method for adding tellurium to steel
US3367395A (en) * 1965-05-12 1968-02-06 Quebec Iron & Titanium Corp Method and apparatus for treating molten metals
DE1278457B (en) * 1954-08-31 1968-09-26 Friedrich Nielsen Device for introducing additives into iron melts
US3634075A (en) * 1969-01-15 1972-01-11 Kawecki Berylco Ind Introducing a grain refining or alloying agent into molten metals and alloys
US3768999A (en) * 1968-10-23 1973-10-30 Nippon Kokan Kk Coated wire feeding technique for making addition of components to molten metals
US3770396A (en) * 1970-07-29 1973-11-06 Olin Corp Composite metal article
US3849123A (en) * 1972-11-07 1974-11-19 E Webster Incorporation of solid additives into molten aluminum
US3916979A (en) * 1972-05-10 1975-11-04 Pont A Mousson Method for obtaining spheroidal graphite castings
US4110893A (en) * 1977-05-24 1978-09-05 United Technologies Corporation Fabrication of co-cr-al-y feed stock
US4162349A (en) * 1977-05-24 1979-07-24 United Technologies Corporation Fabrication of Co-Cr-Al-Y feed stock
US4532703A (en) * 1979-10-17 1985-08-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Method of preparing composite superconducting wire
US4832911A (en) * 1986-09-18 1989-05-23 Alcan International Limited Method of alloying aluminium
US5391348A (en) * 1994-01-11 1995-02-21 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Apparatus and method for making steel alloys in a tundish
US6811589B2 (en) * 2002-12-09 2004-11-02 Specialty Minerals Michigan Inc. Method for adding solid zinc-aluminum to galvanizing baths

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US543115A (en) * 1895-07-23 Treating molten metal
US1166167A (en) * 1912-04-13 1915-12-28 Leonard G Woods Forming castings.
US1184523A (en) * 1916-01-19 1916-05-23 Herbert Edwin Field Process for casting molten materials.
US1298229A (en) * 1917-11-10 1919-03-25 Syracuse Smelting Works Metal-cleaning apparatus.
US1467706A (en) * 1923-09-11 Can-top vent
US1596888A (en) * 1922-11-07 1926-08-24 Pacz Aladar Process and composition of matter for increasing the fluidity of molten metal
US2085802A (en) * 1935-08-22 1937-07-06 Charles Hardy Inc Treatment of metals

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US543115A (en) * 1895-07-23 Treating molten metal
US1467706A (en) * 1923-09-11 Can-top vent
US1166167A (en) * 1912-04-13 1915-12-28 Leonard G Woods Forming castings.
US1184523A (en) * 1916-01-19 1916-05-23 Herbert Edwin Field Process for casting molten materials.
US1298229A (en) * 1917-11-10 1919-03-25 Syracuse Smelting Works Metal-cleaning apparatus.
US1596888A (en) * 1922-11-07 1926-08-24 Pacz Aladar Process and composition of matter for increasing the fluidity of molten metal
US2085802A (en) * 1935-08-22 1937-07-06 Charles Hardy Inc Treatment of metals

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2788270A (en) * 1954-08-10 1957-04-09 Universal Cyclops Steel Corp Method and apparatus for melting metal under vacuum
DE1278457B (en) * 1954-08-31 1968-09-26 Friedrich Nielsen Device for introducing additives into iron melts
US2978765A (en) * 1957-06-13 1961-04-11 Cleveland Electro Metals Co Method and means for alloying molten metals
US2956765A (en) * 1957-07-15 1960-10-18 Cleveland Electro Metals Co Ex-bar hanger
US3130045A (en) * 1959-10-13 1964-04-21 Owens Illinois Glass Co Method of effecting exothermic reactions
US3228766A (en) * 1965-02-01 1966-01-11 Inland Steel Co Method for adding tellurium to steel
US3367395A (en) * 1965-05-12 1968-02-06 Quebec Iron & Titanium Corp Method and apparatus for treating molten metals
US3768999A (en) * 1968-10-23 1973-10-30 Nippon Kokan Kk Coated wire feeding technique for making addition of components to molten metals
US3634075A (en) * 1969-01-15 1972-01-11 Kawecki Berylco Ind Introducing a grain refining or alloying agent into molten metals and alloys
US3770396A (en) * 1970-07-29 1973-11-06 Olin Corp Composite metal article
US3916979A (en) * 1972-05-10 1975-11-04 Pont A Mousson Method for obtaining spheroidal graphite castings
US3849123A (en) * 1972-11-07 1974-11-19 E Webster Incorporation of solid additives into molten aluminum
US4110893A (en) * 1977-05-24 1978-09-05 United Technologies Corporation Fabrication of co-cr-al-y feed stock
US4162349A (en) * 1977-05-24 1979-07-24 United Technologies Corporation Fabrication of Co-Cr-Al-Y feed stock
US4532703A (en) * 1979-10-17 1985-08-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Method of preparing composite superconducting wire
US4832911A (en) * 1986-09-18 1989-05-23 Alcan International Limited Method of alloying aluminium
US5391348A (en) * 1994-01-11 1995-02-21 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Apparatus and method for making steel alloys in a tundish
US5456452A (en) * 1994-01-11 1995-10-10 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Apparatus for making steel alloys in a tundish
US6811589B2 (en) * 2002-12-09 2004-11-02 Specialty Minerals Michigan Inc. Method for adding solid zinc-aluminum to galvanizing baths

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