US3738447A - Free-standing lead sound barriers - Google Patents

Free-standing lead sound barriers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3738447A
US3738447A US00796376A US3738447DA US3738447A US 3738447 A US3738447 A US 3738447A US 00796376 A US00796376 A US 00796376A US 3738447D A US3738447D A US 3738447DA US 3738447 A US3738447 A US 3738447A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
lead
set forth
barrier
sound
sound barrier
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00796376A
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English (en)
Inventor
M Rose
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
St Joe Minerals Corp
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St Joe Minerals Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of US3738447A publication Critical patent/US3738447A/en
Assigned to ST. JOE MINERALS CORPORATION reassignment ST. JOE MINERALS CORPORATION CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE MAY 12, 1970 Assignors: ST. JOSEPH LEAD COMPANY, THE
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B1/86—Sound-absorbing elements slab-shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B2001/8263—Mounting of acoustical elements on supporting structure, e.g. framework or wall surface
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B2001/8414—Sound-absorbing elements with non-planar face, e.g. curved, egg-crate shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B2001/8423—Tray or frame type panels or blocks, with or without acoustical filling
    • E04B2001/8452—Tray or frame type panels or blocks, with or without acoustical filling with peripheral frame members

Definitions

  • a barrier for attenuating sound in accordance with this invention comprises a rigid frame member having a plurality of channel members, which may be made of dispersion strengthened lead, mounted on it to form a plurality of sub-frames. Sheets of free-standing, dispersion strengthened, creep-resistant lead are carried in the subframes by the channel members and may be embossed to add to their rigidity. One face of the sheets may be roughened in order to disperse reflected sound waves. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the channel members may be secured to the frame member by lead bolts in order to reduce the leakage of sound across the barrier.
  • MICHAEL V ROSE BY WM WI'W his ATTORNEYS PATENTED JUN! 2 75 SHEET 3!!! 3 INVENTOR.
  • MICHAEL v. ROSE ATTORNEYS 1 FREE-STANDING LEAD SOUND BARRIERS Transformers, engines, turbines, and other electrical and mechanical machinery generally produce an unwanted hum or noise during their operation. These sounds may reach a critical level where they must be isolated from the environment in which the machine operates. For example, transformers located in residential areas should be enclosed so as not to disturb the area residents. Also, it is not unusual in factories to shield the operator of noisy equipment by providing a sound-proof control booth.
  • the barrier For good sound attenuation, it is necessary to make the barrier of a relatively dense but limp material. If the barrier is located outside, it must be impervious to weather, and in general, it must be strong enough to withstand rough handling.
  • Lead has a high density and a low modulus of elasticity (is relatively flexible or limp) and is, therefore, an excellent sound attenuator.
  • pure lead is weak and has a poor resistance to creep when subjected to relatively light loads and, therefore, cannot be satisfactorily used as a structural material in sound barriers.
  • lead has been laminated or welded to wood or metal to form a composite barrier in which the wood or metal provides a structural support for the lead.
  • This method increases the cost of the barrier and also, by adding to the rigidity of the lead, reduces its efficiency as a sound barrier.
  • This invention seeks to overcome the above problems by using a dispersion-strengthened lead that is of a high density and as flexible as pure lead.
  • this lead has a structural strength and creep resistance previously unattainable.
  • a freestanding lead sound barrier can be provided that overcomes all of the problems mentioned above and which is less costly and easier to assemble than lead barriers heretofore known.
  • free-standing is meant that the lead sheets are neither laminated to a sub-support, nor structurally braced along their face in any way. In effect, except for edge support, they stand by themselves, and in such condition are stressed to at least 200 p.s.i. under their own weight. Any stress above about 2,000 p.s.i. is avoided however because it would provide a tendency for the lead to creep and would create the problems previously outlined.
  • dispersion strengthened lead it is to be understood that any lead or lead alloy having a tensile strength of at least 3,200 p.s.i. can be used.
  • this invention comprises at least one sheet of free-standing, high' strength, creepresistant, lead bounded on its edges by connector elements, which may also be made of the same type of material in order to reduce leakage across the barrier.
  • These connector elements may frictionally engage the sheet and include lead bolts for securing them to a rigid frame or support.
  • the sheet may be embossed to add rigidity and/or further sound attenuating properties thereto, and may also have one face thereof roughened, or scratched, so as to disperse reflected sound waves.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of a barrier constructed in accordance with this invention with the length and width thereof broken to reduce its size;
  • FIG. 2 is a rear view of the barrier shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a view in section taken along the line 3-3 of FIG. 1 and looking generally in the direction of the arrows;
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of one of the lead sheets taken along the outline shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a connector element that can be used in carrying out this invention.
  • a plurality of free-standing, high strength, creep-resistant lead sheets 10 are surrounded on their edges by a plurality of horizontal connectors 12 and vertical connectors 14 to form a sound attenuating barrier.
  • This barrier may be attached to a suitable frame member 16, as can best be seen in FIG. 2.
  • the frame member 16 comprises a pair of horizontal beam members 18 and vertical beam members 20 forming a rectangular outer frame.
  • a plurality of horizontal brace members 22 extend parallel to the beam members 18, and a plurality of vertical brace members 24 extend parallel to the beam members 20.
  • the brace members 22 and 24 not only add rigidity to the frame 16, but also, provide a support to which the connectors 12 and 14 may be secured.
  • brackets 26 with suitable fastening members may be provided on the frame. In this embodiment, the bracket members 26 extend from the vertical brace members 24, but it is to be understood, that they could be located elsewhere.
  • the vertical connector 14 is shown and comprises a central web 28 having a pair of spaced-apart flange members 30 and 31 extending from its opposite edges to engage the edges of the sheets 10. It is to be understood that the connector 12 is the same. The distance between each pair of flanges is substantially equal to the thickness of the sheets 10 so that the flanges frictionally engage .the sheets. In order to prevent any tendency for the web 28 to crack due to the weight of the sheets, the intersection of the flanges and the edge of the web is arcuately formed as shown at R to remove all corners or sharp edges. This construction provides a knockdown assembly that is easy to install.
  • the connectors 12 and 14 are fastened to the frame member 116 by bolts 32 that extend through openings in the web 28. Placed between the connectors 12 and 14 and the brace 22 is a suitable sleeve 34 that spaces the barrier from the frame.
  • the connectors 12 and 14 In order to reduce sound leakage across the barrier, it is preferable to extrude the connectors 12 and 14 from a high strength, creep-resistant lead and to use lead bolts 32 as the fastener elements. Obviously, in many applications, leakage of sound would not be as critical as in others, and in these applications it would not be necessary to use lead connectors or bolts.
  • FIG. 3 it can be seen that along the horizontal span, two connector elements 12 are placed side by side so that one pair of flanges 31 of each element are not in use.
  • One of the connector elements 14 can be done away with and the upper sheet, for example, could be carried by the upper flanges 31 of the lower connector 14.
  • two connectors are shown.
  • the lead sheets can be made of any high strength, creep-resistant lead or lead alloy, but a preferred embodiment disclosed herein uses a dispersion strengthened lead as described in the U.S. Pat. to Krantz, et al., No. 3,320,664, in which there is disclosed the coating of fine particles of lead with lead oxide in the range of 0.7 to 16.0 percent by weight of PhD, and thereafter breaking the lead oxide film into finely divided particles and dispersing them in a lead matrix.
  • the particles of PbO may be 1 micron diameter and below. It is not necessary to use this process or type of lead, and any lead or lead alloy that has tensile strength in the range of 3,200 to 8,500 p.s.i. may be used. The preferred range is from 5,000 to 7,000 p.s.i. and the preferred PbO content is about I 2 percent.
  • the lead in the free-standing condition the lead is internally stressed by its own weight in the range of 200 to 2,000 p.s.i. to provide the rigidity and creep resistance desired. Any stress greater than 2,000 p.s.i. may cause the lead to creep, that is, flow due to the imposed stress, so that it elongates, buckles, or fails.
  • the preferred range forthe internal stress is from 500 to 1,000 psi.
  • the sheets 10 In order to add rigidity to the sheets 10, and also, to improve their ornamental appearance and/or sound attenuating properties, they may be embossed as best seen in FIG. 4. It is also possible to disperse reflected sound waves by roughening one surface of the sheet.
  • An example of a barrier made in accordance with this invention provides for a 12-inch horizontal spacing between the connectors 14 and a 40-inch spacing between the connectors 12.
  • the lead sheets may, for example, be of a thickness of 0.062 inches. Significant sound attenuation may be obtained with sheet thicknesses of at least about 0.010 in., although for mechanical strength, thicknesses above 0.016 in. are preferred. A practical maximum for thickness of the sheet is about 0.25 inch.
  • the flanges 30 of the extruded connectors project about 0.50 inches from the edge of the web 28 and from a slot therebetween. Obviously, these dimensions are not by way of limitation, but can be varied according to the requirements of a particular installation.
  • a sound barrier for apparatus comprising a main frame for the barrier, said frame having a plurality of spaced members, an auxiliary frame comprising a grid of support members, the support members being secured to said main frame, and a plurality of relatively thin panels of lead, said support members providing means for supporting the lead panels in edge-to-edge relationship, said support members holding marginal portions of the lead panels whereby the lead panels are mounted within said auxiliary frame by their edges.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
US00796376A 1969-02-04 1969-02-04 Free-standing lead sound barriers Expired - Lifetime US3738447A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US79637669A 1969-02-04 1969-02-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3738447A true US3738447A (en) 1973-06-12

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ID=25168057

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00796376A Expired - Lifetime US3738447A (en) 1969-02-04 1969-02-04 Free-standing lead sound barriers

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3738447A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5135770B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA934302A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2004573A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2030289A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1235455A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3851724A (en) * 1974-02-25 1974-12-03 Bomco Acoustic damping structures
US4215764A (en) * 1976-07-01 1980-08-05 Fiber Materials, Inc. Acoustic filter
US5325649A (en) * 1992-07-07 1994-07-05 Nikken Seattle, Inc. Easily-assembled housing structure and connectors thereof
US5713161A (en) * 1994-02-04 1998-02-03 Durisol Materials Limited Noise-protection screen
USD837414S1 (en) * 2016-01-13 2019-01-01 Sonobex Limited Acoustic barrier

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US391295A (en) * 1888-10-16 brooks
US1193013A (en) * 1916-08-01 Protective element
US2152297A (en) * 1937-01-07 1939-03-28 Lumasyne Inc Sheet metal stock for paneling and other purposes
GB567567A (en) * 1943-11-19 1945-02-20 Bolinder Munktell Improvements in or relating to internal combustion engines
CA495761A (en) * 1953-09-01 A. Gruetjen Frederick Silo foundation
FR1054456A (fr) * 1952-04-12 1954-02-10 Parois insonores
CA509306A (en) * 1955-01-18 G. Martin Wesley Silo
DE1055795B (de) * 1956-08-18 1959-04-23 Erna Stiegler Geb Frank Halteleiste fuer Wandverkleidungsplatten
GB901979A (en) * 1959-06-22 1962-07-25 Supra Chemicals And Paints Ltd Improvements in or relating to materials for use in sound-deadening
US3134020A (en) * 1961-01-24 1964-05-19 Shoenfeld Harold Radiation protective panels
US3234702A (en) * 1960-12-27 1966-02-15 Georgia Marble Co Anchoring system for the installation of slabs on vertical and overhead surfaces
US3299270A (en) * 1965-11-18 1967-01-17 Avella Benjamin A D Radiation-proof strip for wall and ceiling panel having a groove formed by two bifurcations

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US391295A (en) * 1888-10-16 brooks
US1193013A (en) * 1916-08-01 Protective element
CA495761A (en) * 1953-09-01 A. Gruetjen Frederick Silo foundation
CA509306A (en) * 1955-01-18 G. Martin Wesley Silo
US2152297A (en) * 1937-01-07 1939-03-28 Lumasyne Inc Sheet metal stock for paneling and other purposes
GB567567A (en) * 1943-11-19 1945-02-20 Bolinder Munktell Improvements in or relating to internal combustion engines
FR1054456A (fr) * 1952-04-12 1954-02-10 Parois insonores
DE1055795B (de) * 1956-08-18 1959-04-23 Erna Stiegler Geb Frank Halteleiste fuer Wandverkleidungsplatten
GB901979A (en) * 1959-06-22 1962-07-25 Supra Chemicals And Paints Ltd Improvements in or relating to materials for use in sound-deadening
US3234702A (en) * 1960-12-27 1966-02-15 Georgia Marble Co Anchoring system for the installation of slabs on vertical and overhead surfaces
US3134020A (en) * 1961-01-24 1964-05-19 Shoenfeld Harold Radiation protective panels
US3299270A (en) * 1965-11-18 1967-01-17 Avella Benjamin A D Radiation-proof strip for wall and ceiling panel having a groove formed by two bifurcations

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3851724A (en) * 1974-02-25 1974-12-03 Bomco Acoustic damping structures
US4215764A (en) * 1976-07-01 1980-08-05 Fiber Materials, Inc. Acoustic filter
US5325649A (en) * 1992-07-07 1994-07-05 Nikken Seattle, Inc. Easily-assembled housing structure and connectors thereof
US5713161A (en) * 1994-02-04 1998-02-03 Durisol Materials Limited Noise-protection screen
USD837414S1 (en) * 2016-01-13 2019-01-01 Sonobex Limited Acoustic barrier

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5135770B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-10-05
CA934302A (en) 1973-09-25
FR2030289A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-11-13
GB1235455A (en) 1971-06-16
DE2004573A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-08-27

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AS Assignment

Owner name: ST. JOE MINERALS CORPORATION, STATELESS

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:ST. JOSEPH LEAD COMPANY, THE;REEL/FRAME:004969/0098

Effective date: 19700511

Owner name: ST. JOE MINERALS CORPORATION

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:ST. JOSEPH LEAD COMPANY, THE;REEL/FRAME:004969/0098

Effective date: 19700511