US2984574A - Shirred cellulosic sausage casing and method of manufacture - Google Patents

Shirred cellulosic sausage casing and method of manufacture Download PDF

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Publication number
US2984574A
US2984574A US768166A US76816658A US2984574A US 2984574 A US2984574 A US 2984574A US 768166 A US768166 A US 768166A US 76816658 A US76816658 A US 76816658A US 2984574 A US2984574 A US 2984574A
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Prior art keywords
casing
shirred
shirring
mandrel
sections
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Edward A Matecki
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Union Carbide Corp
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Union Carbide Corp
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Priority to NL114002D priority Critical patent/NL114002C/xx
Priority to NL244482D priority patent/NL244482A/xx
Priority to LU37808D priority patent/LU37808A1/xx
Priority to US768166A priority patent/US2984574A/en
Application filed by Union Carbide Corp filed Critical Union Carbide Corp
Priority to FR807803A priority patent/FR1243052A/fr
Priority to DEU6591A priority patent/DE1235766B/de
Priority to GB35276/59A priority patent/GB922908A/en
Priority to BE583759A priority patent/BE583759A/fr
Priority to CH362332D priority patent/CH362332A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2984574A publication Critical patent/US2984574A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A22—BUTCHERING; MEAT TREATMENT; PROCESSING POULTRY OR FISH
    • A22C—PROCESSING MEAT, POULTRY, OR FISH
    • A22C13/00—Sausage casings
    • A22C13/0013—Chemical composition of synthetic sausage casings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A22—BUTCHERING; MEAT TREATMENT; PROCESSING POULTRY OR FISH
    • A22C—PROCESSING MEAT, POULTRY, OR FISH
    • A22C13/00—Sausage casings
    • A22C13/02—Shirring of sausage casings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A22—BUTCHERING; MEAT TREATMENT; PROCESSING POULTRY OR FISH
    • A22C—PROCESSING MEAT, POULTRY, OR FISH
    • A22C13/00—Sausage casings
    • A22C2013/0096—Sausage casings cellulosic

Definitions

  • Cellulose (regenerated) casings are used extensively in the manufacture of skinless frankfurters and wieners.
  • a cellulosic tube of an appropriate length such as 32', 40', 55', r more is shirred and then compressed t produce (What is ⁇ commonly termed in the art) a stick of from about 6 to l0 in length, and such stick is positioned on a horn of a stufling apparatus and thereafter stuffed.
  • the stuffed tube is then linked and processed asis Well known in the art to produce skinless frankfurters.
  • the meat packer for reasons of economy and to speed up the stuffing operation, demands a shirred sausage casing in the form of a stick highly compressed in length, and with a large internal hole.
  • Such form is desirable to permit easy and speedy placing of the casing onto a meat stuin-g horn, the large hole of the shirred casing permitting the use of larger diameter stu'ng horns and thus enabling more rapid filling of thecasing.
  • Sausage stuing horns are commonly made of thinwalled metal tubing, which are affixed and connected to pressurized containers of meat emulsion. Flow of the meat emulsion from the pressurized container to the stufling horn is controlled by a stop cock. Greater speed in the stutiing operation demands more rapid and uniform filling of each stick of casing successively applied to the stufling horn. While some improvement in throughput of meat emulsion throughstuing horns can be accomplished by increasing" the pressure on the meat emulsion, such measure is limited as excessive pressures may cause adverse changes in the basic structure of the meat emulsion.
  • the throughpntof meat emulsions commonly used in stuling frankfurters maybe varied directly as approximately the fourthpower of the filling tube internal diameter; and-inversely as approximately 2,984,574 Patented May 16, 1961 2 the ysquare of the horn length and the cube of the viscosity.
  • a shirred casing with a larger hole size permits the use of a larger diameter stuiiing horn, thereby permitting greater meat throughput and shortening the time of the filling cycle.
  • Such an improvement is of considerable commercial importance to meat packers.
  • An object of this invention is to provide shirred and compressed cellulosic sausage casings of maximum hole diameter for a specific length, for more rapid stuffing therein of sausage meat emulsion.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide shirred and compressed cellulosic sausage casing; of a shorter length for a specific hole diameter.
  • An additional object of this invention is to provide shirred and compressed cellulosic sausage casing where in the pleated or wrinkled casing wall is efficiently distributed circumaxially with respect to the internal hole.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide shirred and compressed cellulosic sausage casing characterized by uniform filling and ⁇ by smoothV deshirnng from the exit end of sausage stung horns.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an improved method of collapsing cellulosic tubing in a helical pattern to yield a shirred ⁇ casing of maximum hole size from a tubing of a ⁇ given diameter.
  • Still another ⁇ object of this invention is to provide a methodV of shirring cellulosic casing yielding more uniform displacement of the casing around the :mandrel upon whichthe casing is shirred. ⁇ t
  • a ⁇ further object of this' invention is to provide novel shirring apparatus for helically shirring cellulosic cas# mg.
  • Another object of this Ainvention isr to provide shirring apparatus capable of rapidly shirring cellulosic casing with minimum damage thereto.
  • anelongate shirred and compressed stick ofregeneratedfcellulose tubing substantially ⁇ circular ⁇ in cross section having v an internal hole of predetermined size and a substantially cylindricalV exterior surface, said tubing having its Wall longitudinally collapsed into an ⁇ ordered repeated shirred pattern of at least three discrete, successive, longitudinal# ly collapsed sections ofcasing, the collapsed sections in said pattern being successively angularly disposed with respect to each other in overlapping helical relationship about the axis of the hole.
  • the collapsed sections are successively equiangulaly displaced about the axis of the holeto obtain aY shirred stick having a maximum hole diameter for a specic length thereof.
  • the shirring of cellulosiccasing according to this invention is accomplished by inating cellulosic casing to a self-supporting tubular shape, continuously moving the inliated casing concentrically over a mandrel of smaller diameter than the inated casing to and through an eccentricallygyratingpassage of smaller cross-sectionalarea than the inated casing butlarger than the mandrel, said passage being formed by a plurality of identical, synchronously rotating" rolls" each having a peripheral surface of spaced saddle shaped cogs and with said rollsbeing elquidistaitly ⁇ spaced from the mandrel axis, the saddles ot the respective rollssequentiallyrnating together at said passage to crcumferentially ⁇ grip and indent successive discrete sections of the casing and orbitally displacing said casing sections" from its concentric relationship with the mandrel, and' Acontinuously* gatheringthe displaced adjustable' to' shirr casings of invention is
  • the shirring operation is continued until a tube of predetermined length has been shirred.
  • the shirred tube is then compressed forcing the pleats into close mutually supporting relation, thus forming a self-sustaining stick of casing.
  • each saddle with respect to the center line of its roll is formed essentially by a plurality of arcs of circles and should be eccentric with the mandrel.
  • a sequential gyrating eccentric passage whereby the kmoving casing is progressively helically displaced with respect to the mandrel surface.
  • At least three identical cogged shirring rolls are employed in order to obtain a shirred casing of substantially circular cross section. Shirring apparatus having more than three shirring rolls further improves the roundness of the shirred casing and similarly yielding a larger hole or a shorter stick, or both.
  • the shirring action of the cogged surfaced rolls begins with the initial contact of the casing periphery by the leading edge of a saddle in each roll.
  • the section of casing immediately ahead of the cogs leading edges bulges outwardly from the mandrel land into recessed spaces betweenthe cogs.
  • the bulged section of the casing can be of oval, or like arcuate shape, and substantially a similar cross-sectionalrpattern is retained upon the collapsing of the section.
  • Lubrication of the shirring saddles of the rolls and the interior of the cellulosic casing with a suitable lubricant is essential to facilitate pleating of the casing and to avoid abrasion damage thereto.
  • Fig. l is a side elevational view (diagrammatic) of at shirring apparatus, being one embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a shirring apparatus having three identical cogged shirring rolls as positioned in the shirring zone with the mandrel being shown in section at the central passage formed by opposing cogs of the rolls;
  • Fig. 3 is a side ⁇ elevational view partly in section, with one of the shirring rolls not shown in order to illustrate the cooperative action of the cogged shirring rolls in indenting, gripping, and folding the casing into a pleated or wrinkled structure as diagrammatically shown;
  • Fig. 4 is ⁇ a sectional view of a portion of the shirring rolls of Figs. 2. and 3 and showing the profile of a leftinclined cog;
  • Fig. 5 is a sectional view of another portion of the shirring rolls of Figs. 2 and 3 and showing the profile of a right-inclined cog;
  • Fig. 6 is a sectional view of still another 'portion of the shirring rolls of Figs. 2 and 3 and showing the profile of a medial cog;
  • Fig. 7 is a sectional view taken generally along line D--D of Fig. 1, showing three opposing shirring cogs forming a central passage eccentrically disposed with respect to the shirring mandrel;
  • Fig. 8 is a sectional view similar to Fig. 7 showing a second set of three shirring cogs also forming a central passage eccentrically disposed in another position;
  • the oval-shaped configuration provides for maximum.
  • Fig. 9 is a sectional view similar to Fig. 7, showing a third set of shirring cogs forming a central passage of still different eccentricity to the mandrel;
  • Fig. 10 is a slightly enlarged section taken generally along line D-D of Fig. l showing three superimposed casing sections as successively eccentrically displaced from the mandrel by successive groups of opposing cogs;
  • Fig. ll is a slightly enlarged perspective view substantially representing a shirred and compressed casing produced by the shirring rolls shown in Figs. 2 to 9, part of which has been deshirred to illustrate the helical positioning along the casing of the displaced casing sections shown in Fig. 10; y
  • Fig. 12 is a photographic representation of the lower half of the deshirred portion of the shirred casing shown in Fig. 11;
  • Fig. 13 is an enlarged elevational view of a synchronized driving mechanism for the shirring roll apparatus of Figs. 1 to 9;
  • Fig. 14 is a side elevational view of the roll driving mechanism shown in Fig. 13;
  • Fig. 14A is an end elevational view of an adjustable arrows Ff--E of Fig. 14;
  • Fig. 15 is a side elevational view of a cogged shirring roll employed in an embodiment of a four-roll shirring apparatus;
  • Fig. 16 is a partial sectional view of the roll shown in Fig. 15 and showing the profile of a right inclined high cog;
  • Fig. 17 is similar to Fig. 16 but shows the profile of a left inclined high cog
  • Fig. 18 is also similar to Fig. 16 but shows the prole of a left inclined low cog
  • Fig. 19 is also similar to Fig. 16 but shows the profile of a right inclined low cog
  • Fig. 20 is a sectional view taken generally along line D--D of Fig. l of a shirring apparatus embodiment having four opposed shirring rolls to form a central passage through which the shirring mandrel extends;
  • Fig. 2l is an elevational view of a plug gauge for checking the radial alignment of the shirring rolls with respect to the mandrel.
  • v designates fa ⁇ pwverdriven shirring machine wherein a lsupply of i'attened tubing such .as cellulosic tubing ⁇ 18 in ⁇ intermittently withdrawn from a supply reel 14 in measured lengths, such as 40', 44', 55', by a pair of horizontally mounted metering rolls 16 and is guided into a zone of shirring S by vertically mounted guide rolls 17.
  • the lattened tubing 18 is advanced through metering rolls 16, expanded to inflated tubing 20 as by gaseous means and guided onto and by a hollow mandrel 12 to a zone of shirring S.
  • the mandrel supplies the gaseous means through an internal hole 40 shown in Fig. 2 and Vis releasably held in position by clamps C and C.
  • the gaseous means which, for example, may be air under a pressure of about six pounds per square inch gauge is supplied from any convenient source to the bore of mandrel 12, as by an internal passage through clamp C communicating with the bore of the mandrel through a radial opening in the mandrel wall.
  • Metered quantities of oil are supplied to the air stream from an oil reservoir 21 whereby the oil is carried by the air through the bore ⁇ 40 and is discharged at the end of the mandrel adjacent guide rolls 17 to lubricate the exterior surface of the mandrel Vand the interior surface of the casing 20.
  • the basilar surfaces of the cogs are lubricated by brushes 23 to which a suitable lubricant is Ifed from an oil supply reservoir.
  • the desired length of inliated casing is loosely shirred lin shirring zone S against a cooperatively yielding holdback member 30 and the shirred casing 22 then is cut oi from a subsequent length of shirred casing at a point adjacent to vertical member 97, the cut length is moved through opened clamp C and compressed to lengths such as 7" to 12" by compressing member 28, resulting in a compressed, shirred casing 24.
  • the shirred compressed stick of casing 24 is doifed from the mandrel 12 through opened clamp C for packaging.
  • the shirring means in a preferred embodiment is comprised of three identical keyed cogged shirring rolls 26A, 26B, 26C rotatably mounted and disposed equiangularly (120) around the shirring mandrel 12 and spaced equidistantly from the axis of mandrel 12 to from passage 80 around the mandrel 12.
  • Each of the rolls 26A, 26B, 26C are independently adjustable (as shown in greater detail in Figs. 13 and 14) relative to each other and to the passage 80 provided therebetween through which the mandrel 12 extends and the tubular casing ⁇ to be shirred passes.
  • Each of rolls 26A, 26B, 26C consists of a metallic core 120 provided with a covering 122 of a suitable oilresistant material such as rubber, plastic, and the like.
  • One suitable form of roll material is a synthetic rubber composition of 7585 Durometer hardness and with a surface finish of about 8 to 12 micro-inch (A.S.A. Standard B. 461-1947).
  • each of the cogs 32 has an arcuate basilar surface 36 located between beveled edges 37 which are of such angularity, for example 60, to provide an operating clearance "82 such as from 0.002 to 0.015" between adjacentrolls.
  • the radius of concavity of arcuate basilar surface 36 is at least equal to half the greatest cross-sectional dimension of the passage 80.
  • the peripheral casing-contacting basilar surfaces 36 are ⁇ formed in three ⁇ shapes, and ⁇ successively positioned as a plurality of recurring triads of cogs.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a right-inclined cog surface SGR made by locating the center of arcuate surface 36 to the right of the mandrel 12 vertical centerline.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates a medial cog surface 56M made by locating the center of arcuate surface 36 on the mandrel 12 vertical centerline.
  • each of rolls 26A, 26B, and 26C consists of a repeating plurality of triads of concave cog ⁇ surfaces 56R, SGL, and 56M, each cog being saddle shaped.
  • Each of the cogs has a leading edge surface 42 rand trailing edge surface 43, and intermediate the respective leading and trailing edge surfaces, a basilar surface 36.
  • the shirring rolls 26A, 26B, 26C are positioned to form the eccentric passage of a size less than the diameter of the inated tube 20 (not shown) passing therethrough, whereby each cog will indent the tube without causing it to contact the mandrel 12 and feed the tube forward.
  • the first position of the rolls at the start of a triad shirring cycle shows roll 26A positioned with its cog 56M, roll 26B positioned with its cog 56L, and roll 26C positioned with its cog SGR, all of said cogs being directly opposed and mating over mandrel 12 to form passage 80 and with working clearances 82 intermediate their beveled edges, thereby orbitally displacing iniiated casing 20 (not shown) downwardly toward the mandrel 12 and roll 26A.
  • Fig. 8 representing the rolls at the second part of the triad shirring cycle, shows roll 26A positioned with -cog 56R, roll 26B positioned with cog 56M, roll 26C positioned with cog 56L mating to form passage 80 and with spaces 82 intermediate their beveled edges, thereby orbitally displacing the casing 20 (not shown) inwardly toward the mandrel 12 and roll 26B.
  • Fig. 9 representing the rolls at the third part of the shirring cycle, shows roll 26A positioned with cog 56L, roll 26B positioned with cog 56R, roll 26C positioned with cog 56M mating to form passage 80 and with space 82 intermediate their beveled edges, thereby orbitally displacing casing 20 (not shown) inwardly toward the mandrel 12 and roll 26C.
  • the eccentric passage 80 is repeatedly gyrated about the center of mandrel 12, successively through conigurations of Figs. 7, 8, and 9 and thereby similarly successively displacing discrete sections of inated casing 20 from a concentric position with respect to the mandrel 12.
  • Fig. l0 which is drawn as an enlarged section along line D-D of Fig. l, the several ⁇ shaded sections together forming a trefoil pattern depict the perimeters of and the overlapping of successive ovate sections A, B, C, in the casing as respectively unparted thereto in moving through the gyrating passage 80 ⁇ of Figs. 7, 8, and 9.
  • the trefoil distribution of discrete casing sections producing a stick having a substantially cylindrical outer surface is a highly desirable rimprovement, because the ⁇ ovate sections arecircumaxially distributedover a substantially greater area such as 12 percent greater than prior structures and thereby disposmg a lesser number of tubing Vwall sections axially adjacent each other.
  • an equal length of tubing of given wall thickness may be shirred and compressedto a shorter length or larger hole, or both.
  • Flg. 1l is an enlarged diagrammatic perspective of caslng shirred and compressed on the apparatus shown 1n Figs. 1-9 and then deshirred in p lace on mandrel 12.
  • the substantially helical arrangement of dlscrete casing sections made by advancing the tubing to and through the gyrating passage 80 essentially comprises a series of helically positioned ovate sections A, B, C together with a portion of the casing wall mater1al on each side thereof, said ovate sections corresponding to those shown ⁇ in Fig. 10.
  • the folds of the shirred andcollapsed casing 24 overlie each other due to the wiping action of the cogs in collapsing the casing wall against already collapsed casing, the overlying being shown by the conical formations 25.
  • Fig. 12 is a photographic representation of the lower half of the deshirred portion of the shirred casing shown in Fig. l1. It will be observed that there are four transverse diagonal ridge-like portions 83 which are indicative of the substantially helical shirred pattern consisting of collapsed overlapping ovate sections of casing. Centrally of these ridge-like portions are V-shaped intersecting wrinkles or creases 84, the apexes 86 of which correspond in position to the midpoints of the base or bulbous portions of ovate sections A shown in Fig. 11 and thus correspond in position to the sections of casing wall material collapsed by successive medial cogs in roll 26A.
  • Apexes formed by the medial cogs of rolls 26B and 26C are not shown in Fig. 12 but are present in the shirred casing wall spaced approximately 120 around the casing from the apexes shown and correspond in position to the base or bulbous portions of ovate sections or displacements B and C as shown in Fig. 1l.
  • FIG. 1-9 One actual form of apparatus according to the invention was constructed and operated by means of a threeroll apparatus as illustrated in Figs. 1-9 and l3-14A, to shirr casing of 26/32" inflated diameter at the rate of 420 ft. per minute of casing length, said casing being inilated with' air at a pressure of six to seven pounds per square inch gauge and being lubricated with a suitable oil.
  • Suitable lubricants include water-white U.S. Pharmacopoeia white mineral oil of Saybolt viscosity from 76 to 80 cotton seed oil, soya oil, and glycerine. Lubricant in minimal amount to keep the mandrel and saddle surfaces coated was ordinarily from about 0.0002 gram to 0.0013 gram per 6-inch length (frankfurter length) of casing being shirred.
  • Centenof radius of left inclinedy (Fig- 4) cog bastlar surface Same ⁇ as right inclined cog but displaced to the left of roll vertical center line.
  • the 24 cogs of each roll constitute eight repeating triad cog patterns. It is to' be understood, however, that the total number of triad cog patterns on a shirring roll periphery can be less or more than 24.
  • Figs. 13, 14 and 14A Means for radial ladjustment and cog alignment of the three-roll shirring apparatus of Figs. 2 to 9 are shown in greater detail by Figs. 13, 14 and 14A.
  • the rolls 26A, 26B, and 26C, basilar surface lubricating brushes 23 connected to oil supply line 2.9 and means for synchronously rotating each roll are mounted on a vertical plate member secured to a base member 92.
  • An opening concentric with the mandrel 12 A is provided in plate 90.
  • a vertical bracket member ⁇ 97 is fastened to the base 92 and forms a right angle with respect to plate member 90.
  • An eccentric bushing is suitably secured to bracket 97.
  • a rotatable shaft :112 extends through and is supported by an anti-friction ball bearing assembly 99 which is press-fitted into the eccentric bushing 110. Rotation of bushing 110 eccentrically lowers or raises shaft 112. Near the outer end of shaft 112 s fastened a sprocket gear 114 by means of a set screw 1'15. A hand wheel 116 is fastened by a set screw on the shaft 112 adjacent to sprocket gear 114 and is employed for manual rotation of the several parts when threading the casing into and when adjusting the apparatus. y v
  • Sprocket gear ⁇ 1.1'4 is driven by a ⁇ sprocket chain (ndt shown) connected to an electric motor or other suitable driving means (not shown).
  • a spur gear 121 Fastened to the inner end of shaft 112 by means of a set screw is a spur gear 121 which is meshed with a spur gear 134 fastened by means of set screw 135 to u9 the outer end of a drive shaft -137,extendingfrom a right angle enclosed miter gear box 140 hereinafter ⁇ referred to as the --master drive gear box.
  • Shirring roll 26A is keyed to the end of drive shaft 137 extending from the other side of gear box "140 and accordingly rotates at the same speed as spur gear i134.
  • Right angle master miter gear box 140 and similar slave driven miter gear boxes :142 and 144 are equiangularly spaced about the opening 95 in vertical plate 90 and are secured to the face of plate 90 by cap screws 1149 extending through slotted openings in the base of each gear box.
  • Adjustment screws ⁇ 155 threadably engaged with internally threaded bosses 1517 which are integral with vertical plate 90 bear on each end of the gear boxes .140, 142, and 144 to accurately position said gear boxes.
  • Lock nuts 159 on each adjustment screw are employed to lock said gear boxes in adjusted position.
  • a rotating shaft 161 extends from the base of master drive gear box '140 through an opening in vertical plate member 90 and it rotates at the same speed as driving shaft 137 upon which roll 26A is fastened.
  • a cogged pulley 162 is secured by a set screw (not shown) to the end of shaft 161 projecting through plate member 90.
  • Slave gear boxes 142 and 144 respectively have rotating shafts 164 and 166 extending through openings in vertical plate 90 and have cogged pulleys l'168 and 170 secured thereto.
  • ⁇ Pulleys 168 and 170 are identical to cogged pulley 162 of master gear box 140 whereby its cogged pulley 162 by means of cogged llexible belt 174 drives all pulleys at the same rotational speed.
  • a nonslipping contact of cogged belt 174 with the surfaces of all the pulleys is maintained by idler pulley 176 rotating on a shaft 178 extending through a slotted opening 179 in vertical plate member 90 and locked in position by nut 180.
  • each of said cogged pulleys 162, 168, and 170 ⁇ are mounted on a flanged hub 165 by means of bolts 167 extending through slotted openings 169 in the pulleys and threaded into the flanges of hubs 165 whereby the pulleys can be rotated through a limited arc with respect to the keyed mounted position of hub '165 for ⁇ purposes of alignment adjustment of rolls 26A, B, C.
  • the ⁇ hubs 165 are keyed to their respective shafts and further secured thereto by set screws 163.
  • ⁇ ,Precise peripheral alignment of shirring rolls 26A, 26B, and 26C with respect to mandrel .12 is obtained by employing a plug gauge as shown in Fig. 2l.
  • the plug gauge comprises ⁇ a cylindrical projection 184 having a diameter twice the distance between basilar surface 36 and the centerline of mandrel 12.
  • the cylindrical projection ⁇ 184 tapers outwardly in extension to a cylindrical plate surface 186 having a diameter equivalent to machine fit ⁇ ,v5/ith the opening 95 in vertical ⁇ plate ⁇ member 90.
  • ⁇ ⁇ A shoulder 188 on the gauge plug is provided with openings for temporarily holding the gauge against the rear side of plate member 90 by means of bolts 189.
  • the gauge is provided with a handle 190 for convenience in use.
  • Mating of the cogs is produced by adjustment of the slotted drive pulleys as illustrated in Figs. ⁇ 14 and .14A.
  • a four-roll shirring apparatus constitutes another embodiment of this invention.
  • a shirring roll suitable for such apparatus is shown in Fig. 15, and it has a repeating tetrad sequence of different saddle shaped cogs around its periphery, consisting of a right inclined high cog whose prole is shown in Fig. 16, followed by a left inclined high cog whose prole is shown in Fig. 17, followed in turn by a cog whose profile is shown in Fig. 18, right inclined low cog whose profile Fig. 19.
  • shirring rolls as illustrated in Fig. 15 and mounted as shown in Fig. 20 produced shirred casing having a helical pattern similar to that illustrated in Fig. 12.
  • shirring regenerated cellulose tubing of 2G/32 inated diameter
  • four rolls identical to Fig. 15 were employed, each having a diameter of 4 inches and each containing six repetitive tetrad sequences of the cogs whose profiles are illustrated in Figs. 16 to ⁇ 19.
  • Fig. 20 depicts one of the four -orbitally displaced passages formed by the abutting cogs of the four rolls.
  • the other three passages are sequentially formed as the rolls are synchronously rotated whereby a gyrating passage is formed ⁇ and the casing helically folded similarly to that illustrated in Pig. ll for the three-roll embodiment, but differing therefrom in that the helix is produced by four superimposed ovoid-shaped sections instead of the three sections in Fig. l1.
  • a tubular cellulosic sausage casing shirred and compressed into a tubular stick having a hole of predetermined size and a substantially cylindrical outer surface, said stick having an ordered repeated shirred tetrad pattern of four discrete, successive, longitudinally collapsed sections of casing, each section having an ovate cross section with the base thereof being adjacent to the outer cylindrical surface, the collapsed sections in said pattern being successively equiangularly disposed with respect to each other in overlapping helical relationship about the axis of the hole, the collapsed sections constituting a wrinkled and creased matrix.
  • Method of shirring cellulosic sausage casing which comprises continuously moving a gaseous inated cellulosic tubular casing concentrically over a mandrel, successively orbitally displacing discrete successive sections of said casing from its concentric relationship with the mandrel and gathering the successive sections into a uniformly pleated tube by retarding the movement of the casing subjected to orbital displacement.
  • Method of shirring cellulosic sausage casing which comprises inllating the casing, continuously moving the inflated casing concentrically over a mandrel to and through a gyrating passage of smaller dimensions than the inliated casing, successively gripping and orbitally displacing in said passage discrete lubricated sections of the casing from its concentric relationship with the mandrel, and gathering the orbitally displaced casing sections into a uniformly pleated tube by retarding the movement of the casing leaving the gyrating passage.
  • Method of shirring cellulosic sausage casing which comprises inating the casing, continuously moving the inllated casing concentrically over a mandrel to and through a gyrating passage of smaller dimensions than the inilated casing, successively gripping and orbitally displacing in said passage discrete lubricated ovate sections of the casing from its concentric relationship with the mandrel, gathering the orbitally displaced casing I 12 sections into a uniformly pleated tube by retarding the movement of the casing leaving the gyrating passage, and compressing said pleats to form a shirred stick of casing.
  • Method of shirring cellulosic sausage casing which comprises continuously moving a gaseous inated cellulosic tubular casing concentrically over a mandrel to and through a gyrating passage of smaller dimensions than the inflated casing, successively displacing in said passage discrete ovate sections of lubricated casing from its concentric relationship with the mandrel, said sections being helically displaced along the casing, gathering the displaced casing sections into a pleated tube by retarding the movement of the casing leaving the passage, and
  • Method of shirring cellulosic sausage casing which comprises continuously moving a gaseous inated tubuV lar cellulosic casing concentrically over a mandrel to and through a gyrating circular passage of smaller diameter than the inated casing and of larger diameter than the mandrel, helically collapsing said casing by orbitally displacing in said passage in a repeating trefoil pattern discrete successive ovate sections of lubricated casing from its concentric relationship with the mandrel, and gathering the orbitally displaced casing sections into a uniformly pleated tube by retarding the movement of the casing leaving the passage.
  • Method of shirring cellulosic sausage casing which comprises continuously moving a gaseous inflated tubular cellulosic casing concentrically over a mandrel to and through a gyrating passage of smaller dimensions than the inllated casing and of larger diameter than the mandrel, helically collapsing the casing by orbitally displacing the casing in said passage in a repeating tetrad pattern of discrete successive lburicated sections of casing helically staggered along the length of the casing, and gathering the orbitally displaced casing sections into a uniformly pleated tube by retarding the movement of the casing leaving the passage.
  • Method of shirring cellulosic sausage casing which comprises inating cellulosic casing to a self-supporting i tubular shape, interiorly and eXteriorly lubricating the inated casing surfaces, continuously moving the lubricated casing concentrically over a mandrel of smaller diameter than the inflated casing, circumferentially gripping and indenting successive discrete sections of the moving casing, orbitally displacing each gripped longitudinal casing section from its concentric relationship with the mandrel, collapsing each orbitally displaced section, angularly disposing the collapsed sections in overlapping helical relationship to each other, continuously gathering the displaced sections into a pleated, shirred tube, and then forming a self-sustaining, shirred stick of casing by compressing the pleats into mutual supporting relationship.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Processing Of Meat And Fish (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
US768166A 1958-10-20 1958-10-20 Shirred cellulosic sausage casing and method of manufacture Expired - Lifetime US2984574A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL114002D NL114002C (fi) 1958-10-20
NL244482D NL244482A (fi) 1958-10-20
LU37808D LU37808A1 (fi) 1958-10-20
US768166A US2984574A (en) 1958-10-20 1958-10-20 Shirred cellulosic sausage casing and method of manufacture
FR807803A FR1243052A (fr) 1958-10-20 1959-10-17 Procédé de fabrication d'enveloppes de saucisses bouillonnées
DEU6591A DE1235766B (de) 1958-10-20 1959-10-19 Geraffte und zusammengedrueckte schlauchfoermige Wursthaut aus Cellulose in Form eines Rohres
GB35276/59A GB922908A (en) 1958-10-20 1959-10-19 Manufacture of shirred tubular cellulosic casings
BE583759A BE583759A (fr) 1958-10-20 1959-10-19 Procédé de fabrication d'enveloppes de saucisses bouillonnées
CH362332D CH362332A (fr) 1958-10-20 1959-10-19 Procédé de fabrication d'une enveloppe de saucisse bouillonnée, appareil pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé et enveloppe obtenue par ce procédé

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US768166A US2984574A (en) 1958-10-20 1958-10-20 Shirred cellulosic sausage casing and method of manufacture

Publications (1)

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US2984574A true US2984574A (en) 1961-05-16

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US (1) US2984574A (fi)
BE (1) BE583759A (fi)
CH (1) CH362332A (fi)
DE (1) DE1235766B (fi)
FR (1) FR1243052A (fi)
GB (1) GB922908A (fi)
LU (1) LU37808A1 (fi)
NL (2) NL244482A (fi)

Cited By (47)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3148992A (en) * 1962-03-13 1964-09-15 Union Carbide Corp Method of packaging shirred meat casings and package
US3266911A (en) * 1963-10-07 1966-08-16 Tee Pak Inc Method of shirring synthetic tubular sausage casing
US3397069A (en) * 1964-12-15 1968-08-13 Union Carbide Corp Coherent self-sustaining stick of shirred and compressed tubular sausage casing
DE1782331B1 (de) * 1968-08-16 1970-09-16 Union Carbide Corp Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von gerafften,schlauchfoermigen Nahrungsmittelhuellen
US3704483A (en) * 1970-03-05 1972-12-05 Union Carbide Corp Method of making shirred tubing
DE1285908B (de) * 1963-06-14 1973-10-18 Tee-Pak Inc., Chicago, 111. (V.St.A.) Verfahren zum Kräuseln und Befeuchten von trockenen Wursthüllen
DE2317867A1 (de) * 1972-04-11 1973-10-31 Union Carbide Corp Stabfoermig geraffte schlauchfoermige nahrungsmittelhuelle
DE2338418A1 (de) * 1972-08-01 1974-02-21 Union Carbide Corp Geraffte und zusammengepresste schlauchfoermige huelle
DE2513363A1 (de) * 1974-03-27 1975-10-09 Union Carbide Corp Hohle raupe aus geraffter schlauchfoermiger huelle
US4001914A (en) * 1973-02-27 1977-01-11 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process and apparatus for shirring tubular casings
DE2721311A1 (de) 1976-05-14 1977-11-17 Union Carbide Corp Stopfvorrichtung
US4085483A (en) * 1974-01-25 1978-04-25 Naturin-Werk Becker & Co. Apparatus for shirring tubular films
DE2828337A1 (de) * 1977-06-30 1979-01-04 Union Carbide Corp Vorrichtung und verfahren zum stopfen von nahrungsmittelhuellen
DE2836818A1 (de) * 1977-08-25 1979-03-01 Union Carbide Corp Selbsttragende laenge einer gerafften und zusammengedrueckten nahrungsmittelhuelle
US4164057A (en) * 1976-05-14 1979-08-14 Union Carbide Corporation Food casing stuffing sizing control method
US4176204A (en) * 1974-01-25 1979-11-27 Bruno Winkler Process for shirring tubular films and product thereof
FR2437295A1 (fr) * 1978-09-29 1980-04-25 Union Carbide Corp Procede et appareil pour plisser un tube souple
DE3216011A1 (de) * 1981-05-01 1982-12-09 Union Carbide Corp., 06817 Danbury, Conn. Zusammenhaengende, geraffte nahrungsmittelhuelle
DE3221922A1 (de) * 1981-06-12 1983-03-24 Union Carbide Corp., 06817 Danbury, Conn. Auf spannhuelsen geraffte nahrungsmittelhuellen
US4377885A (en) * 1980-05-31 1983-03-29 Kollross Guenter Shaftless gear device for axial shirring of synthetic tubular material
US4409251A (en) * 1982-03-25 1983-10-11 Union Carbide Corporation Controllably moisturized mold resistant cellulosic food casings
US4466465A (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-08-21 Union Carbide Corporation Package article for automatically and continuously making sausages with flat ends
US4466463A (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-08-21 Union Carbide Corporation Disk pairs inside package article for automatically and continuously making sausages with flat ends
US4466464A (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-08-21 Union Carbide Corporation Overwrapped disk pairs in a package article for automatically and continuously making sausages with flat ends
US4466466A (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-08-21 Union Carbide Corporation Overwrapped disks in a package article for automatically and continuously making sausages with flat ends
US4500576A (en) * 1983-02-14 1985-02-19 Union Carbide Corporation Inhibition of discoloration on cellulose food casings
US4511613A (en) * 1983-02-14 1985-04-16 Union Carbide Corporation Method for inhibiting discoloration on cellulose food casings
US4518619A (en) * 1983-02-15 1985-05-21 Union Carbide Corporation Preparation of smoke treated, stuffed food casings
US4525397A (en) * 1979-07-31 1985-06-25 Union Carbide Corporation Liquid smoke treated cellulosic food casings
US4551884A (en) * 1982-09-30 1985-11-12 Union Carbide Corporation Method and apparatus for use in automatically and continuously making sausages with flat ends
US4648428A (en) * 1984-12-21 1987-03-10 Teepak, Inc. Shirred tubular material
US4688298A (en) * 1982-04-05 1987-08-25 Viskase Corporation Cored high density shirred casings
US4818551A (en) * 1986-08-05 1989-04-04 Viskase Corporation Method of making a liquid smoke impregnated shirred casing stick
US4834993A (en) * 1979-07-31 1989-05-30 Viskase Corporation Method for external liquid smoke treatment of cellulosic food casings
EP0537435A1 (en) 1991-10-15 1993-04-21 Viskase Corporation Method and apparatus for severing shirred tubular food casing
US5230933A (en) * 1990-07-11 1993-07-27 Viskase Corporation Acid resistant peelable casing
EP0559456A1 (en) 1992-03-04 1993-09-08 Viskase Corporation Cellulosic articles and their manufacture
EP0701776A1 (en) 1994-09-15 1996-03-20 Teepak, Inc. Method and apparatus for smoothening the surface of shirred food casings
US5782683A (en) * 1996-08-27 1998-07-21 Alfacel S.A. Cold temperature shirring
US5914141A (en) * 1997-03-11 1999-06-22 Alfacel S.A. Easy peeling wiener casings via use of enzymes
US20030207002A1 (en) * 2002-05-06 2003-11-06 Merritt Frederick M. Process for improving smoky color of food
US20040062834A1 (en) * 2002-09-26 2004-04-01 Casematic, S.A. De C.V. Polyamide-based sausage casing
US20040202762A1 (en) * 2003-04-08 2004-10-14 Ducharme Paul E Smoked nonfibrous casing
US20060040602A1 (en) * 2004-08-23 2006-02-23 Stall Alan D Shirred casing
US20070148294A1 (en) * 2003-04-08 2007-06-28 Ducharme Paul E Jr Smoked nonfibrous casing
CN106386993A (zh) * 2015-05-26 2017-02-15 广东德福隆生物科技有限公司 一种改进结构的套缩机
CN106386994A (zh) * 2015-05-26 2017-02-15 广东德福隆生物科技有限公司 一种改进的用于输送肠衣的抹油夹

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL282315A (fi) * 1961-08-24
DE1271585B (de) * 1961-08-24 1968-06-27 Kalle Ag Vorrichtung zum Raffen von Wursthuellen
DE1632114B1 (de) * 1967-12-27 1970-02-12 Kalle Ag Maschine zum Raffen von künstlichen Wursthüllen
DE1632115B1 (de) * 1967-12-27 1970-02-12 Kalle Ag Maschine zum Raffen von künstlichen Wursthüllen
BE789054A (fr) * 1971-09-23 1973-03-20 Kalle Ag Procede et dispositif pour froncer des tubes d'emballage et notamment des boyaux pour la fabrication de saucisses
FI64497C (fi) * 1976-10-16 1983-12-12 Guenter Kollross Anordning foer axiell hopstoetning av ett tunnvaeggigt slangmaterial skaerskilt en konsttarm foer korvtillverkning
DE2944623C2 (de) * 1979-11-05 1983-10-13 Günter 6080 Groß-Gerau Kollross Vorrichtung zum axialen Raffen von synthetischem Schlauchmaterial zur Weiterverarbeitung insbesondere auf Wurstfüllautomaten
GB8408330D0 (en) * 1984-03-30 1984-05-10 Devro Ltd Shirring tubular casing
ATE44854T1 (de) * 1984-11-05 1989-08-15 Int Chemical Engineering Ag Schlauchhuelle fuer nahrungsprodukte.
NL8601320A (nl) * 1986-05-23 1987-12-16 Krehalon Bv Werkwijze voor het geven van een vorm aan krimpbare kunstdarmen.
DE10049178A1 (de) * 2000-10-05 2002-04-11 Guenter Kollross Geraffte Schlauchfolie sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Raffen
CN102948451B (zh) * 2011-08-25 2014-10-22 梧州神冠蛋白肠衣有限公司 一种套缩头

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2001461A (en) * 1934-06-08 1935-05-14 Visking Corp Shirred tubing and method of preparing the same
US2583654A (en) * 1947-12-27 1952-01-29 Transparent Package Company Automatic shirring machine
US2722715A (en) * 1954-02-12 1955-11-08 Tee Pak Inc Shirring method

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FR1122079A (fr) * 1954-02-11 1956-08-31 United Shoe Machinery Ab Machine à découper, perforer ou opérations analogues
LU33675A1 (fi) * 1954-07-07

Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2001461A (en) * 1934-06-08 1935-05-14 Visking Corp Shirred tubing and method of preparing the same
US2583654A (en) * 1947-12-27 1952-01-29 Transparent Package Company Automatic shirring machine
US2722715A (en) * 1954-02-12 1955-11-08 Tee Pak Inc Shirring method
US2723201A (en) * 1954-02-12 1955-11-08 Tee Pak Inc Shirred casing

Cited By (55)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3148992A (en) * 1962-03-13 1964-09-15 Union Carbide Corp Method of packaging shirred meat casings and package
DE1285908B (de) * 1963-06-14 1973-10-18 Tee-Pak Inc., Chicago, 111. (V.St.A.) Verfahren zum Kräuseln und Befeuchten von trockenen Wursthüllen
DE1285908C2 (de) * 1963-06-14 1973-10-18 Verfahren zum kraeuseln und befeuchten von trockenen wursthuellen
US3266911A (en) * 1963-10-07 1966-08-16 Tee Pak Inc Method of shirring synthetic tubular sausage casing
US3397069A (en) * 1964-12-15 1968-08-13 Union Carbide Corp Coherent self-sustaining stick of shirred and compressed tubular sausage casing
DE1532028B1 (de) * 1964-12-15 1970-11-19 Union Carbide Corp Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von gerafften Wursthuellen
DE1782331B1 (de) * 1968-08-16 1970-09-16 Union Carbide Corp Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von gerafften,schlauchfoermigen Nahrungsmittelhuellen
US3704483A (en) * 1970-03-05 1972-12-05 Union Carbide Corp Method of making shirred tubing
DE2317867A1 (de) * 1972-04-11 1973-10-31 Union Carbide Corp Stabfoermig geraffte schlauchfoermige nahrungsmittelhuelle
DE2338418A1 (de) * 1972-08-01 1974-02-21 Union Carbide Corp Geraffte und zusammengepresste schlauchfoermige huelle
US4001914A (en) * 1973-02-27 1977-01-11 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process and apparatus for shirring tubular casings
US4085483A (en) * 1974-01-25 1978-04-25 Naturin-Werk Becker & Co. Apparatus for shirring tubular films
US4176204A (en) * 1974-01-25 1979-11-27 Bruno Winkler Process for shirring tubular films and product thereof
DE2513363A1 (de) * 1974-03-27 1975-10-09 Union Carbide Corp Hohle raupe aus geraffter schlauchfoermiger huelle
DE2721311A1 (de) 1976-05-14 1977-11-17 Union Carbide Corp Stopfvorrichtung
DE2760303C2 (fi) * 1976-05-14 1988-12-22 Union Carbide Corp., New York, N.Y., Us
US4164057A (en) * 1976-05-14 1979-08-14 Union Carbide Corporation Food casing stuffing sizing control method
DE2828337A1 (de) * 1977-06-30 1979-01-04 Union Carbide Corp Vorrichtung und verfahren zum stopfen von nahrungsmittelhuellen
DE2836818A1 (de) * 1977-08-25 1979-03-01 Union Carbide Corp Selbsttragende laenge einer gerafften und zusammengedrueckten nahrungsmittelhuelle
FR2437295A1 (fr) * 1978-09-29 1980-04-25 Union Carbide Corp Procede et appareil pour plisser un tube souple
US4834993A (en) * 1979-07-31 1989-05-30 Viskase Corporation Method for external liquid smoke treatment of cellulosic food casings
US4525397A (en) * 1979-07-31 1985-06-25 Union Carbide Corporation Liquid smoke treated cellulosic food casings
US4377885A (en) * 1980-05-31 1983-03-29 Kollross Guenter Shaftless gear device for axial shirring of synthetic tubular material
DE3216011A1 (de) * 1981-05-01 1982-12-09 Union Carbide Corp., 06817 Danbury, Conn. Zusammenhaengende, geraffte nahrungsmittelhuelle
DE3221922A1 (de) * 1981-06-12 1983-03-24 Union Carbide Corp., 06817 Danbury, Conn. Auf spannhuelsen geraffte nahrungsmittelhuellen
AT395277B (de) * 1981-06-12 1992-11-10 Viskase Corp Geraffter nahrungsmittel-huellenstab mit kern
US4409251A (en) * 1982-03-25 1983-10-11 Union Carbide Corporation Controllably moisturized mold resistant cellulosic food casings
US4688298A (en) * 1982-04-05 1987-08-25 Viskase Corporation Cored high density shirred casings
US4466466A (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-08-21 Union Carbide Corporation Overwrapped disks in a package article for automatically and continuously making sausages with flat ends
US4551884A (en) * 1982-09-30 1985-11-12 Union Carbide Corporation Method and apparatus for use in automatically and continuously making sausages with flat ends
US4466464A (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-08-21 Union Carbide Corporation Overwrapped disk pairs in a package article for automatically and continuously making sausages with flat ends
US4466463A (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-08-21 Union Carbide Corporation Disk pairs inside package article for automatically and continuously making sausages with flat ends
US4466465A (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-08-21 Union Carbide Corporation Package article for automatically and continuously making sausages with flat ends
US4511613A (en) * 1983-02-14 1985-04-16 Union Carbide Corporation Method for inhibiting discoloration on cellulose food casings
US4500576A (en) * 1983-02-14 1985-02-19 Union Carbide Corporation Inhibition of discoloration on cellulose food casings
US4518619A (en) * 1983-02-15 1985-05-21 Union Carbide Corporation Preparation of smoke treated, stuffed food casings
US4648428A (en) * 1984-12-21 1987-03-10 Teepak, Inc. Shirred tubular material
US4818551A (en) * 1986-08-05 1989-04-04 Viskase Corporation Method of making a liquid smoke impregnated shirred casing stick
US5230933A (en) * 1990-07-11 1993-07-27 Viskase Corporation Acid resistant peelable casing
EP0537435A1 (en) 1991-10-15 1993-04-21 Viskase Corporation Method and apparatus for severing shirred tubular food casing
EP0559456A1 (en) 1992-03-04 1993-09-08 Viskase Corporation Cellulosic articles and their manufacture
EP0701776A1 (en) 1994-09-15 1996-03-20 Teepak, Inc. Method and apparatus for smoothening the surface of shirred food casings
US5782683A (en) * 1996-08-27 1998-07-21 Alfacel S.A. Cold temperature shirring
US5914141A (en) * 1997-03-11 1999-06-22 Alfacel S.A. Easy peeling wiener casings via use of enzymes
US7001635B2 (en) 2002-05-06 2006-02-21 Viskase Corporation Process for improving smoky color of an encased food product
US20030207002A1 (en) * 2002-05-06 2003-11-06 Merritt Frederick M. Process for improving smoky color of food
US20040062834A1 (en) * 2002-09-26 2004-04-01 Casematic, S.A. De C.V. Polyamide-based sausage casing
US20040062888A1 (en) * 2002-09-26 2004-04-01 Casematic, S.A. De C.V. Polymer-based sausage casing
US7833594B2 (en) 2002-09-26 2010-11-16 Casematic, S.A. De C.V. Polymer based sausage casing
US20040202762A1 (en) * 2003-04-08 2004-10-14 Ducharme Paul E Smoked nonfibrous casing
US20070148294A1 (en) * 2003-04-08 2007-06-28 Ducharme Paul E Jr Smoked nonfibrous casing
US20060040602A1 (en) * 2004-08-23 2006-02-23 Stall Alan D Shirred casing
US7507150B2 (en) 2004-08-23 2009-03-24 Visko Teepak Belgium Nv Shirred casing
CN106386993A (zh) * 2015-05-26 2017-02-15 广东德福隆生物科技有限公司 一种改进结构的套缩机
CN106386994A (zh) * 2015-05-26 2017-02-15 广东德福隆生物科技有限公司 一种改进的用于输送肠衣的抹油夹

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
LU37808A1 (fi)
NL114002C (fi)
CH362332A (fr) 1962-05-31
DE1235766B (de) 1967-03-02
BE583759A (fr) 1960-02-15
FR1243052A (fr) 1960-10-07
NL244482A (fi)
GB922908A (en) 1963-04-03

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