US2955905A - Peroxide-ester bleaching process and compositions - Google Patents

Peroxide-ester bleaching process and compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
US2955905A
US2955905A US599934A US59993456A US2955905A US 2955905 A US2955905 A US 2955905A US 599934 A US599934 A US 599934A US 59993456 A US59993456 A US 59993456A US 2955905 A US2955905 A US 2955905A
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United States
Prior art keywords
ester
per
bleaching
salt
compositions
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Expired - Lifetime
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US599934A
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English (en)
Inventor
Davies Thomas Daniel
Hampson George Charlesworth
Mcdonnell Francis Robe Maxwell
Schmerlaib Gert
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Lever Brothers Co
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Lever Brothers Co
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
    • C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
    • C11D3/3905—Bleach activators or bleach catalysts
    • C11D3/3907—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/391—Oxygen-containing compounds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
    • D06L4/10—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which develop oxygen
    • D06L4/12—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which develop oxygen combined with specific additives

Definitions

  • This invention relates to processes of bleaching and to bleaching compositions; in particular it relates to processes and to compositions suitable for removing stains from textile materials.
  • detergent compositions contain an inorganic persalt such as sodium perborate or percarbonate to provide bleaching, properties. These per-salts provide a satisfactory bleach when the detergent is used at the boil, but at lower temperatures their action is rather slow. This disadvantage is becoming important with the growing use of washing machines which operate at a temperature of, for example, 50-60 C. It is an object of the present invention to provide a more efiective bleach in the normal washing period at this temperature than is obtained with the per-salt alone.
  • an inorganic persalt such as sodium perborate or percarbonate
  • Processes and compositions according to the invention also find application in the textile industry and in commercial laundering.
  • a bleaching process in which an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and an organic carboxylic ester which gives a titre of not less than 1.5 m1. of 0.1 N Na S O in the test defined above and which therefore form per-acids at an effective level, is used.
  • the present invention further provides a bleaching composition which contains an inorganic per-salt together with an organic carboxylic ester which gives a titre of not less than 1.5 ml. of 0.1 N Na S O in the per-acid formation test defined above.
  • Esters which give a titre of not less than 1.5 ml.
  • esters should not yield easily oxidizable hydrolysis products such as polyhydric phenols, unsubstituted lower aliphatic aldehydes, and alpha and beta diketones.
  • esters within the scope of the invention that is which give a titre of at least 1.5 ml.
  • 0.1 N Na S O in the per-acid formation test defined above are found in the following classes:
  • esters of phenols and substituted phenolsexamples are:
  • esters of monoand disaccharides containing preferably 3 or more ester groups on adjacent carbon atomsexamples are:
  • Esters containing 2 ester groups attached to the same carbon atom such as may be obtained by acylation of aldehydes-examples are:
  • esters of the enolic forms of ketones are:
  • esters of N-substituted derivatives of hydroxylamine-an example is: Acetyl aceto-hydroxamic acid
  • Solid esters lend themselves readily to incorporation in compositions in solid form. Water-insoluble solid esters should, however, be in a finely-divided state in a solid composition.
  • Hydrogen peroxide cannot, of course, be included in a solid composition, and bleaching solutions prepared from hydrogen peroxide should be prepared as-required for.
  • the hydrogen peroxide may be added to the solution as such, or may be liberated in situ from a per-salt.
  • inorganic per-salt is meant a salt which will give rise to hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution.
  • Suitable compounds are alkali metal perborates, percarbonates, perpyrophosphates and persilicates. These are not true per-salts in the strict chemical sense but are believed to contain hydrogen peroxide of crystallization, which is liberated in aqueous solution.
  • the invention can be applied to bleaching baths such as are used for treating textiles, to wash liquors, such as are used in commercial laundering and to solid bleaching com-positions.
  • Solid bleaching compositions may contain, in addition to a per-salt and an ester according to the invention, inert salts, alkaline agents and a small proportion of detergent.
  • the invention may further be applied to detergent compositions, which will contain an organic detergent, which may be soap or an organic soapless detergent. Suitable organic soapless detergents are the alkyl aryl sulphonates, alkyl sulphates and the salts of esters or ethers of isethionic acid.
  • compositions according to the invention should preferably contain one or more alkaline substances, in amounts such that similar compositions not containing esters would give a pH value within the range 9-1l when dissolved at the desired bleaching concentration.
  • Most common detergent compositions contain alkaline material suificient for this purpose. Suitable alkaline materials are, for instance, soap, alkali metal carbonates, phosphates (including orthophosphates, and water-soluble condensed phosphates, such as tripolyphosphates, and pyrophosphates) and silicates.
  • alkali suflicient to give an. initial pH of 9l1 is preferably present in the bleaching or wash liquor before addition of the ester.
  • compositions according to the invention may contain any of the conventional adjuncts present in detergent compositions. There may be mentioned, supplementary builders, inert and organic materials such as alkali metal sulphates, chlorides, carboxy methyl cellulose and fluorescent agents.
  • compositions according to the invention must not contain water in an amount sufficient to permit appreciable chemical reaction between the components prior to use.
  • per-salt and ester which may be present in compositions according to the invention will depend on the time and temperature of bleaching, the degree of bleaching required, the concentration of the bleaching solution and the individual ester and per-salt used. Used most conditions, these proportions should be such as to give a per-salt concentration in solution equivalent to 0.001 to 0.1% available oxygen.
  • compositions according to the invention containing widely varying ratios of per-salt to ester. It is convenient to measure the activity of the per-salt in terms of available oxygen. Generally, ratios of from A to 2 and particularly from /2 to 1 /2 molecules of ester per one atom of available oxygen are preferred. (In converting such ratios'to ratios by weight, account must be taken of the molecular weight of the ester and the available oxygen content of the per-salt used.) In particular, it is preferred to use approximately chemically equivalent amounts of ester and per-salt.
  • the preferred weight ratio is from 2 to 15 parts of ester to 1 part of hydrogen peroxide depending onthe molecular weight of the ester used.
  • compositions according to the invention When compositions according to the invention are to be used primarily as a leach, for instance, foraddition to alkalinev textile bleaching baths or. wash liquors, such compositions may contain any proportion of ester and per-salt, these components being preferably present in the ratio /1 to 2 molecules of ester per one atom of available oxygen, preferably /2 to 1 /2 molecules per one atom of available oxygen.
  • a composition may contain 33% of per-salt having 10% available oxygen and 67% of the benzoyl ester of commercial sodium phenol sulphonate.
  • per-salt having 15% available oxygen the composition may contain 25 of the per-salt and 75% of the benzoyl ester of commercial sodium phenol sulphonate.
  • compositions according to the invention When anorganic detergent is present in compositions according to the invention, improvements in bleaching can be'obt'ained at normal washing concentrations. Thus, for example, using a detergent composition according to the invention at a concentration of 1% in aqueous solution, improvements may be obtained if amounts of as little as 1% ofper-salt and 2% of ester by weight of the composition are present. In such compositions, however, the amount of per salt taken should provide at least 0.1% available oxygen based on the composition. Generally, detergent compositions will contain from about 10 to'about 50% by weight of organic detergent.
  • the mixed ester/per-salt content may be as high as 70% by weight provided that these components are taken in ratios A to 2', preferably /2 to 1 /2, molecules of ester per one atom of available oxygen. Effective proportions of ester and per-salt in detergent compositions will in general lie within the range from 2 to 30% of ester and 1 to 15% of per-salt by weight of the composition.
  • Example I 0.5% tetrasodium pyrophosphate 0.021% hydrogen peroxide (as 100%)(H O 0.136% chloral dia'cetate the ingredients being added in the above order.
  • a length of cotton cloth was stained by immersion inv boilingtea extract for one hour. It was then thoroughly rinsed, dried and cut into test-pieces whose percent reflectances were measured in a Hunter refiectometer using the blue-filter. The percent reflectance of the test pieces was measured again after bleaching. tained' was'expressed as the difference in the two percent reflect nce readings on each test-piece.
  • a piece of tea-stained cotton clotlr was immersed in the'blea'ch'bath, at a cloth to liquor ratio of 1 to 20, and stirred for 15 minutes; the temperature being maintained at 6 0- f2 C. After this time'the cloth was rinsed three times, ironed and its percent reflectancemeasuredl The increase in percent reflectance was 22.7. In a similar control experiment carried out in the absence of chloral The bleach ob-- diacet-ate the increase in percent reflectance was only 13.7.
  • Example 2 A spraydried detergent powder had the following percentage composition:
  • a process of bleaching soiled textile materials comprising the steps of placing the article to be bleached in an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and an organic carboxylic ester having a titre in the per-acid formation test of not less than 1.5 ml. 0.1 N Na S O allowing the article to remain in the solution for a normal washing period and rinsing the article.
  • ester is the benzoyl ester of commercial alkali metal phenol sulphonate.
  • a process of bleaching soiled textile materials comprising the steps of placing the article to be bleached in an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and an organic carboxylic ester having a titre in the per-acid formation test of not less than 1.5 ml. 0.1 N Na S O allowing the article to remain in the solution at a temperature substantially below the boiling point of the solution for a normal washing period and rinsing the article.
  • a composition for use in bleaching soiled textile materials comprising an inorganic per-salt and an organic carboxylic ester which gives a titre in the per-acid formation test of not less than 1.5 ml. 0.1 N Na S O 7.
  • the composition according to. claim 6 whichflincludes an alkaline material in an amount sufficient to provide a pH of 9-11 when the composition is placed in an aqueous solution.
  • a composition for use in bleaching soiled textile materials in an aqueous bath comprising an inorganic per-salt, an organic detergent, and an organic carboxylic ester, said ester being one which gives a titre in the peracid formation test of not less than 1.5 ml. 0.1 N Nagszoa.
  • composition according to claim 6 wherein the ester is a phenyl ester of a carboxylic acid.
  • composition according to claim 6 wherein the ester is an ester of a monohydric aliphatic alcohol.
  • composition according to claim 6 wherein the ester is an ester of a polyhydric aliphatic alcohol containing several ester groups situated on adjacent carbon atoms.
  • composition according to claim 6 wherein the ester is an ester of a saccharide containing several ester groups on adjacent carbon atoms.
  • composition according to claim 6 wherein the ester is an ester containing two ester groups attached to the same carbon atom.
  • composition according to claim 6 wherein the ester is an ester of the enolic form of a ketone.
  • a composition for use in bleaching soiled textile materials in an aqueous bath comprising a soapless detergent, an alkaline material suflicient to provide a pH of 9-11 when the composition is placed in the aqueous bath, an inorganic per-salt, and the benzoyl ester of commercial sodium phenol sulphonate.
  • a composition for use in bleaching soiled textile materials in an aqueous bath comprising a soapless detergent, an alkaline material suflicient to provide a pH of 9-11 when the composition is placed in the aqueous bath, from 1-l5% by weight of the composition of the inorganic per-salt, and from 2-30% by weight of the composition of the benzoyl ester of commercial sodium phenol sulphonate.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
US599934A 1955-07-27 1956-07-25 Peroxide-ester bleaching process and compositions Expired - Lifetime US2955905A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB348682X 1955-07-27
GB220256X 1956-02-22

Publications (1)

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US2955905A true US2955905A (en) 1960-10-11

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US (1) US2955905A (it)
BE (1) BE549817A (it)
CH (1) CH348682A (it)
DE (1) DE1246658B (it)
FR (1) FR1155228A (it)
GB (1) GB836988A (it)
NL (2) NL113890C (it)

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NL209345A (it)
CH348682A (de) 1960-09-15
BE549817A (it)
GB836988A (en) 1960-06-09
FR1155228A (fr) 1958-04-24
NL113890C (it)
DE1246658B (de) 1967-08-10

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