Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
  • C08G77/06—Preparatory processes
  • C08G77/08—Preparatory processes characterised by the catalysts used
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
  • C08G77/38—Polysiloxanes modified by chemical after-treatment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
  • C08G77/12—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to hydrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
  • C08G77/14—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
  • C08G77/18—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups to alkoxy or aryloxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/55—Boron-containing compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes

Definitions

• a method for preparing a functionalized polyorganosiloxane includes combining a boron containing Lewis acid catalyst and an alkoxysilyl functional organosilicon compound to form a catalyzed mixture and thereafter adding the catalyzed mixture to an SiH functional organosilicon compound.
• a method for preparing a functionalized polyorganosiloxane comprises:
• each R 2 is an independently selected monovalent hydrocarbon group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, thereby forming a catalyzed mixture
• This invention relates to the method for preparing a functionalized polyorganosiloxane.
• the method comprises:
• each R 2 is an independently selected monovalent hydrocarbon group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, thereby forming a catalyzed mixture
• the starting materials in step 1) are free of SiH functional organosilicon compounds.
• the starting materials in step 2) may be free of alkoxysilyl functional organosilicon compounds before beginning the addition of the catalyzed mixture. “Free of” as used herein includes none, alternatively an amount non-detectable by GC, and alternatively an amount insufficient to deactivate A) the boron—containing Lewis acid used as catalyst for reacting starting materials B) and C).
• the starting materials used in the method may optionally further comprise D) a solvent. One or more of starting materials A), B) and C) may be dissolved in a solvent before adding in the method.
• the method may optionally further comprise one or more additional steps selected from the group consisting of:
• step 2 removing a by-product comprising HR 2 ;
• the additional boron—containing Lewis acid may be the same as, or different from, the boron—containing Lewis acid used in step 1).
• the method may optionally further comprise adding additional boron—containing Lewis acid, to C) the organohydrogensiloxane before adding the catalyzed mixture to the organohydrogensiloxane in step 2).
• additional boron containing Lewis acid may be present in an amount of 5 ppm to 250 ppm based on weight of C) the organohydrogensiloxane.
• the boron containing Lewis acid, and when present, and any additional boron containing Lewis acid may be provided in a total amount of 50 ppm to 6000 ppm (alternatively 50 to 600 ppm), based on combined weights of the organosilicon compound and the organohydrogensiloxane.
• the Lewis acid in step 1) and the additional Lewis acid, when used in step 2) may be the same or different Lewis acids, as described above for component A).
• the boron containing Lewis acid may be present in an amount of 5 ppm to 600 ppm (alternatively 15 ppm to 600 ppm and alternatively 15 ppm to 250 ppm) based on weight of B) the organosilicon compound.
• the method described herein may be performed at relatively low temperatures.
• the method may be performed at a temperature of 5° C. to 70° C., alternatively 5° C. to 65° C., alternatively 10° C. to 60° C., alternatively 15° C. to 50° C., alternatively 20° C. to 35° C., alternatively 5° C. to 30° C., and alternatively 30° C.
• Steps 1) and 2) may be performed at the same temperature or different temperatures.
• the catalyzed mixture in step 1) may be heated to 40° C. to 70° C. before step 2).
• the catalyzed mixture may be cooled to less than 40° C. in step 2).
• step 2) may be performed at a temperature of 5° C. to 40° C.
• the method may be performed at a temperature of 10° C. to ⁇ 25° C.
• the method described above may optionally further comprise: 3) neutralizing residual boron—containing Lewis acid in the product.
• Neutralizing can be performed by any convenient means, such as by adding E) a neutralizing agent.
• the method described above may optionally further comprise recovering the functionalized polyorganosiloxane from the product.
• the method may optionally further comprise: during and/or after step 2), removing a by-product comprising HR 2 , where R 2 is as described above.
• the by-product may be removed by any convenient means, e.g., by stripping, liquefying, and/or burning.
• R 2 is methyl (the by-product is methane)
• the by-product may be removed by burning.
• particulate by-product may be removed by any convenient means, such as filtration.
• the boron—containing Lewis acid may be a trivalent boron compound with at least one perfluoroaryl group, alternatively 1 to 3 perfluoroaryl groups per molecule, alternatively 2 to 3 perfluoroaryl groups per molecule, and alternatively 3 perfluoroaryl groups per molecule.
• the perfluoroaryl groups may have 6 to 12 carbon atoms, alternatively 6 to 10, and alternatively 6 carbon atoms.
• the A) the boron—containing Lewis Acid catalyst is selected from the group consisting of (C 5 F 4 )(C 6 F 5 ) 2 B; (C 5 F 4 ) 3 B; (C 6 F 5 )BF 2 ; BF(C 6 F 5 ) 2 ; B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 ; BCl 2 (C 6 F 5 ); BCl(C 6 F 5 ) 2 ; B(C 6 H 5 )(C 6 F 5 ) 2 ; B(C 6 H 5 ) 2 (C 6 F 5 ); [C 6 H 4 (mCF 3 )] 3 B; [C 6 H 4 (pOCF 3 )] 3 B; (C 6 F 5 )B(OH) 2 ; (C 6 F 5 ) 2 BOH; (C 6 F 5 ) 2 BH; (C 6 F 5 )BH 2 ; (C 7 H 11 )B(C 6 F 5 ) 2 ; (C 8 H 14 )B(C 6 F 5 ); (C 6 F 5
• the boron—containing Lewis acid catalyst may be tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane of formula B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 .
• Such boron—containing Lewis acids are commercially available from, e.g., Millipore Sigma of St. Louis, Mo., USA.
• Starting material B) in the method described herein is an organosilicon compound having an average, per molecule, of at least 1 (alternatively 1 to 6, alternatively 1 to 4, alternatively 1 to 3, and alternatively 1 to 2) silicon bonded alkoxy groups of the formula —OR 2 ; wherein each R 2 is an independently selected monovalent hydrocarbon group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
• each R 2 may be an alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and hexyl, (including branched and linear isomers, e.g., n-propyl or iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, t-butyl, and sec-butyl); alternatively methyl or ethyl; and alternatively each R 2 may be methyl.
• alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and hexyl, (including branched and linear isomers, e.g., n-propyl or iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, t-butyl, and sec-butyl); alternatively methyl or ethyl; and alternatively each R 2 may be methyl.
• the organosilicon compound may be an alkoxysilane of formula B-1): R 1 (4-a) SiOR 2 a , where R 2 is as described above, each R 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of a monovalent hydrocarbon group as described hereinbelow and a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group as described hereinbelow, and subscript a is 1 to 4.
• Suitable monovalent hydrocarbon groups for R 1 are exemplified by alkyl, and alkenyl, as described hereinbelow.
• Suitable halogenated hydrocarbon groups for R 1 are exemplified by haloalkyl, as described hereinbelow.
• alkyl groups may be selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, and propyl.
• alkenyl groups may be selected from the group consisting of vinyl, allyl, and hexenyl.
• haloalkyl groups may be selected from the group consisting of chloromethyl, chloropropyl, trifluoropropyl.
• subscript a may be 3 to 4.
• Suitable alkoxysilanes are commercially available, e.g., suitable tetraalkoxysilanes include tetraethoxysilane and tetramethoxysilane, which are available from Gelest, Inc. of Morrisville, Pa., USA.
• Trialkoxysilanes which are also commercially available from Gelest include, 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane, 3-chloroisobutyltrimethoxysilane, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane, nonfluorohexyltrimethoxysilane, nonafluorohexyltriethoxysilane, 3-bromopropyltrimethoxysilane, 7-bromoheptyltrimethoxysilane, 4-bromobutyltrimethoxysilane, 5-bromopentyltrimethoxysilane, 2-(chloromethyl)allyltrimethoxysilane, cyclohexyltrimethoxysilane, cyclopentyltrimethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, n-buty
• the organosilicon compound may be an organosiloxane oligomer or polymer.
• the organosiloxane oligomer or polymer may have unit formula B-2):
• R X represents a group of the formula —OR 2 as described above
• subscripts o, p, q, and r have values such that o ⁇ 0, p ⁇ 0, q ⁇ 0, r ⁇ 0, s ⁇ 0, t ⁇ 0, u ⁇ 0
• a quantity (o+r+s) has an average value of 1 or more, alternatively 1 to 6, alternatively 1 to 3, and alternatively 1 to 2; and each R 3 is an independently selected monovalent hydrocarbon group as described hereinbelow.
• a quantity (o+p+q+r+s+t+u) may be at least 3, alternatively 3 to 2000.
• a quantity (q+r) may be 1 to 2,000; alternatively 1 to 50.
• a quantity (o+p) may be 0 to 50, alternatively 0 to 2.
• the quantity (o+r+s) has an average value of 1 to 6, alternatively 1 to 3, and alternatively 1 to 2.
• Suitable monovalent hydrocarbon groups for R 3 are exemplified by alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl as described hereinbelow.
• Suitable halogenated hydrocarbon groups for R 3 are exemplified by haloalkyl, as described hereinbelow.
• alkyl groups may be selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, and propyl.
• alkenyl groups may be selected from the group consisting of vinyl, allyl, and hexenyl.
• aryl groups may be phenyl.
• haloalkyl groups may be selected from the group consisting of chloromethyl, chloropropyl, trifluoropropyl.
• each R X may be methoxy or ethoxy.
• starting material B may be a polydiorganosiloxane of formula B-3:
• each R 3 and each R X is are as described above, and subscript b 1.
• subscript b may be 1 to 2,000, alternatively 5 to 900, alternatively 5 to 50, and alternatively subscript b may be 1 to 50.
• each R 3 may be independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, and propyl), alkenyl (e.g., vinyl, allyl, and hexenyl), aryl (e.g., phenyl), and haloalkyl (e.g., chloromethyl, chloropropyl, and trifluoropropyl).
• each R X may be methoxy or ethoxy.
• Polydiorganosiloxanes of formula B-3), such as methoxy terminated polydimethylsiloxane with viscosity of 5 to 12 cSt are commercially available from Gelest, Inc. and 1,3-diethoxy-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane is commercially available from Millipore Sigma.
• starting material B) may have unit formula B-4): (R 3 SiO 3/2 ) m (R X R 3 SiO 2/2 ) r , where subscript m is 0 to 100, subscript r is 1 to 100, and each R 3 and each R X are as described above.
• subscript m may be 1 to 20.
• subscript r may be 1 to 20.
• each R 3 may be independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, and propyl), alkenyl (e.g., vinyl, allyl, and hexenyl), aryl (e.g., phenyl), and haloalkyl (e.g., chloromethyl, chloropropyl, and trifluoropropyl).
• each R X may be methoxy or ethoxy.
• suitable alkoxy-functional siloxane resins of unit formula B-4) include DOWSILTM US-CF2403 Resin and DOWSILTM 2405 Resin from Dow Silicones Corporation of Midland, Mich., USA.
• Starting material C) is an organohydrogensiloxane having at least 1 silicon bonded hydrogen atom (SiH) per molecule.
• the organohydrogensiloxane may have unit formula C-1): (HR 4 2 SiO 1/2 ) g (R 4 3 SiO 1/2 ) h (R 4 2 SiO 2/2 ) i (HR 4 SiO 2/2 ) j , where subscripts g, h, i, and j have values such that g ⁇ 0, h ⁇ 0, a quantity (g+h) has an average value of 2, i ⁇ 0, j ⁇ 0, and a quantity (g+j)>0, and the quantity (g+j) has a value sufficient to provide the polyorganohydrogensiloxane with at least 1% silicon bonded hydrogen atoms; and each R 4 is an independently selected monovalent hydrocarbon group.
• each R 4 may be independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl or
• This bis-SiH terminated polydialkylsiloxane may have formula C-2): HR 4 2 SiO—(R 4 2 SiO) i —OSiHR 4 2 .
• This mono-SiH terminated organohydrogensiloxane comprises formula C-3): HR 4 2 SiO—(R 4 2 SiO) i —SiR 4 3 , where R 4 is as described above, Alternatively, in formula C-3), each R 4 may be an alkyl group such as methyl. Alternatively, in formula C-3), subscript i may be 1.
• suitable organohydrogensiloxanes for starting material C) include DOWSILTM 6-3570 Polymer, which is commercially available from Dow Silicones Corporation of Midland, Mich., USA; and 1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyltrisiloxane, which is commercially available from MiliporeSigma (Sigma-Aldrich) of St. Louis, Mo., USA.
• Other suitable organohydrogensiloxanes for starting material C) include 1,1,3,3,3-pentalmethyldisiloxane and monohydride terminated polydimethylsiloxanes (which have formula C-1) above, where j is 7 to 80), which are commercially available from Gelest, Inc. of Morrisville, Pa., USA.
• Starting materials B) and C) may be used in amounts sufficient to provide an SiH:SiOH molar ratio of 0.9:1 to 10:1, alternatively 1:1 to 5:1, and alternatively 2:1 to 3:1.
• a solvent may be used in the method.
• the solvent may facilitate introduction of certain starting materials, such as starting material A) the boron containing Lewis acid.
• Solvents used herein are those that help fluidize the starting materials but essentially do not react with any of these starting materials.
• Solvent may be selected based on solubility the starting materials and volatility of the solvent. The solubility refers to the solvent being sufficient to dissolve and/or disperse the starting materials. Volatility refers to vapor pressure of the solvent.
• Suitable solvents may be hydrocarbons.
• Suitable hydrocarbons include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, or xylene; and/or aliphatic hydrocarbons such as heptane, hexane, or octane.
• the solvent may be a halogenated hydrocarbon such as dichloromethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane or methylene chloride.
• the amount of solvent can depend on various factors including the type of solvent selected and the amount and type of other starting materials selected. However, the amount of solvent may range from 0.1% to 99%, alternatively 2% to 50%, based on combined weights of starting materials A), B), and C).
• Starting material E) is neutralizing agent that may optionally be used to neutralize starting material A) after the product forms.
• Alumina, triphenyl amine, triphenyl phosphine, and phenylacetylene are suitable neutralizing agents.
• Neutralizing agents are known in the art and are commercially available, e.g., from Millipore Sigma of St. Louis, Mo., USA. The amount of neutralizing agent used may be sufficient to provide 1 weight part to 1000 weight parts based on total weight of boron containing Lewis acid.
• the neutralizing agent is triphenyl phosphine or phenylacetylene
• the E:A ratio may be 1:1 to 20:1.
• the neutralizing agent is alumina
• the E:A ratio may be 100:1 to 1000:1.
• B VTM vinyltrimethoxysilane which is commercially available from MiliporeSigma (Sigma-Aldrich) of St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
• B CPTM 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane which is commercially available from MiliporeSigma (Sigma-Aldrich) of St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
• B TMOS tetramethoxysilane which is commercially available from MiliporeSigma (Sigma-Aldrich) of St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
• the reaction was then held for another 50 minutes to complete a heat balance on the system.
• the final analysis indicated only partial conversion of the methoxysilane in CPTM to Si—O—Si linkages with a residual composition containing alkoxysilanes, with 0.4% with two residual methoxy groups and 8.5% with one residual methoxy group.
• Comparative Example 1 and Working Example 1 show that combining the BCF with CPTMS before beginning the reaction resulted in the benefits of catalyst not deactivating over the course of a run, and more complete reaction of the methoxy groups of CPTMS with the silicon bonded hydrogen atoms of Bis-H under the conditions tested in these examples.
• Comparative Example 2 and Working Example 2 show that combining the BCF catalyst with VTM before beginning the reaction resulted in the benefits of catalyst not deactivating over the course of a run, and complete reaction of the methoxy groups of VTM with the silicon bonded hydrogen atoms of Bis-H using lower catalyst loading overall under the conditions tested in these examples.
• Boron—containing Lewis acids such as tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane
• the boron—containing Lewis acid may be combined with an alkoxysilyl functional organosilicon compound to form a catalyzed mixture, and thereafter the catalyzed mixture can be fed into a reactor containing a silicon hydride functional organosilicon compound, thereby controlling the resulting the exotherm and obtaining complete reaction (higher yields) with lower catalyst levels and more control than using a different order of addition.
• lower temperatures increase the reactivity as well as catalyst lifetime.
• the polyorganosiloxanes prepared by the method describe herein find use in various applications as, including, but not limited to, a dispersant, a wetting agent, an antiblocking additive, a surface tension modifier, a surface treating agent, an additive for agricultural compositions, an additive for coatings, an additive for paints, a cosmetic ingredient, or a siloxane modifier.
• disclosure of a range of, for example, 2.0 to 4.0 includes the subsets of, for example, 2.1 to 3.5, 2.3 to 3.4, 2.6 to 3.7, and 3.8 to 4.0, as well as any other subset subsumed in the range.
• disclosure of Markush groups includes the entire group and also any individual members and subgroups subsumed therein.
• disclosure of the Markush group a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an aryl group includes the member alkyl individually; the subgroup alkyl and aryl; and any other individual member and subgroup subsumed therein.
• Alkyl means a branched or unbranched, saturated monovalent hydrocarbon group.
• alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl (including n-propyl and/or iso-propyl), butyl (including iso-butyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, and/or sec-butyl), pentyl (including, iso-pentyl, neopentyl, and/or tert-pentyl); and n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, and n-decyl, as well as branched saturated monovalent hydrocarbon groups of 6 or more carbon atoms.
• Alkyl groups have at least one carbon atom.
• alkyl groups may have 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alternatively 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alternatively 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alternatively 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alternatively 1 to 2 carbon atoms, and alternatively 1 carbon atom.
• Alkyl and “alkaryl” each refer to an alkyl group having a pendant and/or terminal aryl group or an aryl group having a pendant alkyl group.
• exemplary aralkyl groups include benzyl, tolyl, xylyl, phenylmethyl, phenylethyl, phenyl propyl, and phenyl butyl.
• Aralkyl groups have at least 7 carbon atoms.
• Monocyclic aralkyl groups may have 7 to 12 carbon atoms, alternatively 7 to 9 carbon atoms, and alternatively 7 to 8 carbon atoms.
• Polycyclic aralkyl groups may have 7 to 17 carbon atoms, alternatively 7 to 14 carbon atoms, and alternatively 9 to 10 carbon atoms.
• Alkenyl means a branched, or unbranched monovalent hydrocarbon group, where the monovalent hydrocarbon group has a double bond.
• Alkenyl groups include vinyl, allyl, and hexenyl. Alkenyl groups have at least 2 carbon atoms. Alternatively, alkenyl groups may have 2 to 12 carbon atoms, alternatively 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alternatively 2 to 6 carbon atoms, alternatively 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and alternatively 2 carbon atoms.
• Alkynyl means a branched, or unbranched monovalent hydrocarbon group, where the monovalent hydrocarbon group has a triple bond.
• Alkynyl groups include ethynyl and propynyl. Alkynyl groups have at least 2 carbon atoms. Alternatively, alkynyl groups may have 2 to 12 carbon atoms, alternatively 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alternatively 2 to 6 carbon atoms, alternatively 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and alternatively 2 carbon atoms.
• Aryl means a hydrocarbon group derived from an arene by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring carbon atom.
• Aryl is exemplified by, but not limited to, phenyl and naphthyl.
• Aryl groups have at least 5 carbon atoms.
• Monocyclic aryl groups may have 5 to 9 carbon atoms, alternatively 6 to 7 carbon atoms, and alternatively 6 carbon atoms.
• Polycyclic aryl groups may have 10 to 17 carbon atoms, alternatively 10 to 14 carbon atoms, and alternatively 12 to 14 carbon atoms.
• Carbocycle and “carbocyclic” refer to a hydrocarbon ring.
• Carbocycles may be monocyclic or polycyclic, e.g., bicyclic or with more than two rings.
• Bicyclic carbocycles may be fused, bridged, or spiro polycyclic rings.
• Carbocycles have at least 3 carbon atoms.
• Monocyclic carbocycles may have 3 to 9 carbon atoms, alternatively 4 to 7 carbon atoms, and alternatively 5 to 6 carbon atoms.
• Polycyclic carbocycles may have 7 to 17 carbon atoms, alternatively 7 to 14 carbon atoms, and alternatively 9 to 10 carbon atoms.
• Carbocycles may be saturated (e.g., cyclopentane or cyclohexane), partially unsaturated (e.g., cyclopentene or cyclohexene), or fully unsaturated (e.g., cyclopentadiene or cycloheptatriene).
• saturated e.g., cyclopentane or cyclohexane
• partially unsaturated e.g., cyclopentene or cyclohexene
• fully unsaturated e.g., cyclopentadiene or cycloheptatriene
• Cycloalkyl refers to a saturated hydrocarbon group including a carbocycle. Cycloalkyl groups are exemplified by cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and methylcyclohexyl. Cycloalkyl groups have at least 3 carbon atoms. Monocyclic cycloalkyl groups may have 3 to 9 carbon atoms, alternatively 4 to 7 carbon atoms, and alternatively 5 to 6 carbon atoms. Polycyclic cycloalkyl groups may have 7 to 17 carbon atoms, alternatively 7 to 14 carbon atoms, and alternatively 9 to 10 carbon atoms.
• “Monovalent hydrocarbon group” means a univalent group made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms.
• Monovalent hydrocarbon groups include alkyl, aralkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and cycloalkyl groups as defined above.
• “Monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group” means a monovalent hydrocarbon group where one or more hydrogen atoms bonded to a carbon atom have been formally replaced with a halogen atom.
• Halogenated hydrocarbon groups include haloalkyl groups, halogenated carbocyclic groups, and haloalkenyl groups.
• Haloalkyl groups include fluorinated alkyl groups and fluorinated cycloalkyl groups such as trifluoromethyl (CF 3 ), fluoromethyl, trifluoroethyl, 2-fluoropropyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 4,4,4-trifluorobutyl, 4,4,4,3,3-pentafluorobutyl, 5,5,5,4,4,3,3-heptafluoropentyl, 6,6,6,5,5,4,4,3,3-nonafluorohexyl, 8,8,8,7,7-pentafluorooctyl, 2,2-difluorocyclopropyl, 2,3-difluorocyclobutyl, 3,4-difluorocyclohexyl, and 3,4-difluoro-5-methylcycloheptyl; and chlorinated alkyl and chlorinated cycloalkyl groups such as chloromethyl, 3-chloropropyl 2,2-d
• a hyphen “-” or dash “-” in a range of values is “to” or “through”; a “>” is “above” or “greater-than”; a “ ⁇ ” is “at least” or “greater-than or equal to”; a “ ⁇ ” is “below” or “less-than”; and a “ ⁇ ” is “at most” or “less-than or equal to.”
• a hyphen “-” or dash “-” in a range of values is “to” or “through”; a “>” is “above” or “greater-than”; a “ ⁇ ” is “at least” or “greater-than or equal to”; a “ ⁇ ” is “below” or “less-than”; and a “ ⁇ ” is “at most” or “less-than or equal to.”
• a method for preparing a functionalized polyorganosiloxane comprises:
• each R 2 is an independently selected monovalent hydrocarbon group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, thereby forming a catalyzed mixture; and thereafter 2) adding the catalyzed mixture into a starting material comprising
• the method of the first embodiment further comprises: adding additional boron—containing Lewis acid catalyst, to C) the organohydrogensiloxane before adding the catalyzed mixture to the organohydrogensiloxane in step 2).
• he additional boron containing Lewis acid catalyst in the second embodiment is present in an amount of 5 ppm to 250 ppm based on weight of C) the organohydrogensiloxane.
• step 2) is performed at a temperature of 5° C. to 40° C.
• A) the boron containing Lewis acid catalyst, and when present, and any additional boron containing Lewis acid catalyst, is provided in a total amount of 50 ppm to 6000 ppm (alternatively 50 to 600 ppm), based on combined weights of B) the organosilicon compound and C) the organohydrogensiloxane.
• step 1) of the method of any one of the first to fifth embodiments A) the boron containing Lewis acid catalyst is present in an amount of 5 ppm to 600 ppm (alternatively 15 ppm to 600 ppm and alternatively 15 ppm to 250 ppm) based on weight of B) the organosilicon compound.
• the method of the first embodiment is performed at a temperature of 5° C. to 70° C. (alternatively 5° C. to 65° C., alternatively 10° C. to 60° C., alternatively 15° C. to 50° C., alternatively 20° C. to 35° C., alternatively 5° C. to 30° C., and alternatively 30° C.).
• the catalyzed mixture in step 1) is heated to 40° C. to 70° C. before step 2) in the method of the first embodiment.
• the catalyzed mixture is cooled to less than 40° C. in step 2) of the method of the eighth embodiment.
• the method of the first embodiment is performed at a temperature of 10° C. to ⁇ 25° C.
• the boron-containing Lewis acid is a trivalent boron compound with at least one perfluoroaryl group in the method of any one of the preceding embodiments.
• the boron-containing Lewis acid is a trivalent boron compound with 1 to 3 perfluoroaryl groups per molecule in the method of any one of the preceding embodiments.
• the boron-containing Lewis acid is selected from the group consisting of (C 5 F 4 )(C 6 F 5 ) 2 B; (C 5 F 4 ) 3 B; (C 6 F 5 )BF 2 ; BF(C 6 F 5 ) 2 ; B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 ; BCl 2 (C 6 F 5 ); BCl(C 6 F 5 ) 2 ; B(C 6 H 5 )(C 6 F 5 ) 2 ; B(C 6 H 5 ) 2 (C 6 F 5 ); [C 6 H 4 (mCF 3 )] 3 B; [C 6 H 4 (pOCF 3 )] 3 B; (C 6 F 5 )B(OH) 2 ; (C 6 F 5 ) 2 BOH; (C 6 F 5 ) 2 BH; (C 6 F 5 )BH 2 ; (C 7 H 11 )B(C 6 F 5 ) 2 ; (C 8 H 14 )B(C 6 F 5 ); (C 6 F
• the boron containing Lewis acid catalyst is tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane in the method of any one of the preceding embodiments.
• the organosilicon compound is an alkoxysilane of formula: R 1 (4-a) SiOR 2 a , where each R 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of a monovalent hydrocarbon group and a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group, each R 2 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and subscript a is 1 to 4 (alternatively 3 to 4) in the method of any one of the preceding embodiments.
• the alkoxysilane in the fifteenth embodiment has each R 1 independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, and propyl), alkenyl (e.g., vinyl, allyl, and hexenyl), and haloalkyl (e.g., chloromethyl, chloropropyl, and trifluoropropyl).
• alkyl e.g., methyl, ethyl, and propyl
• alkenyl e.g., vinyl, allyl, and hexenyl
• haloalkyl e.g., chloromethyl, chloropropyl, and trifluoropropyl
• the organosilicon compound is an organosiloxane of formula: R 3 2 R X SiO—(R 3 2 SiO) b (—OSiR X R 3 2 ), where each R 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of a monovalent hydrocarbon group and a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group, each R X is the group of formula —OR 2 , and subscript b ⁇ 1 (alternatively 1 to 2,000; alternatively 1 to 50) in the method of any one of the first to fourteenth embodiments.
• the organosiloxane of the seventeenth embodiment has each R 3 independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl), alkenyl (e.g., vinyl, allyl, hexenyl), aryl (e.g., phenyl), and haloalkyl (e.g., chloromethyl, chloropropyl, trifluoropropyl).
• alkyl e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl
• alkenyl e.g., vinyl, allyl, hexenyl
• aryl e.g., phenyl
• haloalkyl e.g., chloromethyl, chloropropyl, trifluoropropyl
• starting material B has unit formula: (R 1 SiO 3/2 ) m (R 1 R X SiO 2/2 ) n (R 1 R X 2 SiO 1/2 ) z , where subscript m is 0 to 20, subscript n is 1 to 20, subscript z is 0 to 20 each R 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of a monovalent hydrocarbon group and a monovalent halogenated hydrocarbon group, and each R X is the group of formula —OR 2 in the method of any one of the first to fourteenth embodiments.
• C) the organohydrogensiloxane has unit formula: (HR 4 2 SiO 1/2 ) g (R 4 3 SiO 1/2 ) h (R 4 2 SiO 2/2 ) i (HR 4 SiO 2/2 ) j , where subscripts g, h, i, and j have values such that g ⁇ 0, h ⁇ 0, a quantity (g+h) has an average value of 2, i ⁇ 0, j ⁇ 0, and a quantity (g+j)>0, and the quantity (g+j) has a value sufficient to provide the polyorganohydrogensiloxane with at least 1% silicon bonded hydrogen atoms; and each R 4 is an independently selected monovalent hydrocarbon group (e.g., alkyl such as methyl, aryl such as phenyl) in the method of any one of the preceding embodiments. Alternatively, a quantity (i+j) is 0 to 1000.
• the organohydrogensiloxane comprises formula: HR 4 2 SiO—(R 4 2 SiO)—SiR 4 3 , in the organohydrogensiloxane in the twentieth embodiment.
• the method of any one of the preceding embodiments further comprises during and/or after step 2), removing a by-product comprising HR 2 (e.g., by burning).
• the method of any one of the preceding embodiments further comprises: 3) neutralizing residual catalyst in the product (e.g., by adding alumina).

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• 2019
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