US20200023420A1 - Method for producing a strip steel knife, and strip steel knife for tools - Google Patents

Method for producing a strip steel knife, and strip steel knife for tools Download PDF

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Publication number
US20200023420A1
US20200023420A1 US16/447,503 US201916447503A US2020023420A1 US 20200023420 A1 US20200023420 A1 US 20200023420A1 US 201916447503 A US201916447503 A US 201916447503A US 2020023420 A1 US2020023420 A1 US 2020023420A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
cutting edge
edge region
longitudinal
strip steel
region
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US16/447,503
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English (en)
Inventor
Anton Haas
Andreas Kastner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voestalpine Precision Strip GmbH
Original Assignee
Voestalpine Precision Strip GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voestalpine Precision Strip GmbH filed Critical Voestalpine Precision Strip GmbH
Assigned to VOESTALPINE PRECISION STRIP GMBH reassignment VOESTALPINE PRECISION STRIP GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HAAS, ANTON, KASTNER, ANDREAS
Publication of US20200023420A1 publication Critical patent/US20200023420A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/20—Making tools by operations not covered by a single other subclass
    • B21D37/205—Making cutting tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
    • B23P15/40—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools shearing tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
    • B23P15/40—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools shearing tools
    • B23P15/406—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools shearing tools rotary or plane die cutters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F1/38—Cutting-out; Stamping-out
    • B26F1/44—Cutters therefor; Dies therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/18—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for knives, scythes, scissors, or like hand cutting tools
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/22—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for drills; for milling cutters; for machine cutting tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
    • B26D2001/002—Materials or surface treatments therefor, e.g. composite materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
    • B26D2001/0053—Cutting members therefor having a special cutting edge section or blade section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F1/38—Cutting-out; Stamping-out
    • B26F1/44—Cutters therefor; Dies therefor
    • B26F2001/4436—Materials or surface treatments therefore
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/002—Bainite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
    • C21D2221/02—Edge parts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2261/00—Machining or cutting being involved

Definitions

  • Embodiments relate to a method for producing a strip steel knife having a hardened cutting edge.
  • a hardenable steel strip that proximally comprises a bainite and at the surface comprises a decarburization and that is essentially rectangular in cross section is subjected to a machining process with the formation of a longitudinal cutting edge and subsequently to a hardening of the material in the cutting edge region.
  • embodiments relate to a strip steel knife for producing a tool for a processing of planar materials.
  • the aforementioned strip steel knives are used for a fabrication of tools for a cutting and/or scoring of planar material.
  • a tool production essentially takes place by a bending of the strip steel knife into a desired shape and the fixing of the same in a knife holder.
  • an essentially rectangular spring steel strip with a surface decarburization is used to increase the deformability of this layer and is used with a proximal bainite in view of a hardening of the material in the cutting edge region.
  • a starting material of the aforementioned type is subsequently subjected to a machining process with the formation of a longitudinal cutting edge, which process normally takes place by means of shaving.
  • the cutting edge or the cutting edge region can be subjected to a thermal hardening and tempering of the material or to a hardening of the same.
  • a thermal treatment by hardening and tempering or by hardening thereby takes place by heating the material with a creation of an austenitic or partially austenitic crystalline structure, followed by a rapid cooling.
  • Normally used production technologies can cause an unfavorable distribution of the material hardness in the cutting edge region, a reduced flexural capacity, an undesired tendency of the planar workpieces to adhere to the cutting edge bevels of the strip steel knife, and the like.
  • Embodiments specify a method for producing a strip steel knife of the type named at the outset, which overcomes the disadvantages of the previous fabrication and yields advantageous product quality in an economical manner in one sequence of production steps.
  • a machining formation of cutting edge bevels with a cutting edge takes place longitudinally in a first step, whereupon, in a second step, a hardening of the cutting edge region is carried out.
  • This cutting edge is further beveled in a third step and subsequently undergoes a machining process via precision processing by smoothing in order to shape the surface towards the cutting edge.
  • a fourth step at least one subsequent hardening is carried out and a hardness increase of the material in the distal cutting edge region takes place towards the cutting edge.
  • a machining formation of the cutting edge bevels from the spring steel strip exposes the proximally positioned bainite, which leads to an advantageous hardenability of the material in the cutting edge region during a thermal hardening and tempering.
  • a bainite is to a great extent acicular and comprises small, possibly sub-microscopic, carbides that are rapidly dissolved during an austenitization and which generate a fine hardened structure after a rapid cooling.
  • the cutting edge bevels consistently have a disadvantageous roughness measure of the surface from the production of the bevels, which roughness results in an unfavorable adhesion of the planar material during a processing or a creation of a cut.
  • a shaping is performed after a hardening in a third step via precision processing by a smoothing of the surface of the cutting edge region towards the cutting edge and that a roughness measure is set, which measure causes a minimal tendency of the cuttings or of the planar material to adhere to the strip steel knife.
  • a precision processing of the surface of the cutting edge bevels with corresponding efficiency can, due to a resulting heat, lead to a tempering of the hardened structure with an unfavorable decrease in the material hardness towards the cutting edge.
  • at least one subsequent hardening is carried out which causes a hardness increase in the material towards the cutting edge.
  • Preferred regions of a respective material hardness that are to be set, the geometric shape of the cutting edge, and the roughness of the surface are recited in other embodiments according to the invention.
  • strip steel knife has proximally in cross section a bainite; that the cutting edge bevels comprise surfaces smoothed by precision processing towards the cutting edge with a radius of max. 2.5 ⁇ m; and that the hardness of the material in the distal cutting edge region up to a depth of 0.05 to 0.15 mm into the bevel region is at least 650 HV and is reduced in a proximal direction.
  • tool blades with small edge radii are advantageous.
  • a high hardness of the tool material in the edge region beneficially extends the edge-holding ability in heavy-duty use and can yield advantages if the strip steel knives are leveled in the tool (see Austria Patent AT 508 551 B1).
  • a strip steel knife for producing a tool according to embodiments are described.
  • Embodiments are explained in greater detail with the aid of the example illustrated in the drawing and materials testing for a strip steel knife.
  • Embodiments are directed to a method for producing a strip steel knife with a hardened cutting edge from a steel strip that includes bainite and has a decarburized surface.
  • the steel strip has a generally rectangular cross-section, and the method includes machining a plurality of beveled surfaces in a region of a longitudinal edge of the steel strip to create at least a cutting surface defining a longitudinal cutting edge, first hardening at least a part of the cutting surface to form a first cutting edge region of the longitudinal cutting edge, smoothing the cutting surface of at least the first cutting edge region toward the longitudinal cutting edge, and at least one further hardening in the first cutting edge region to form a distal cutting edge region of the longitudinal cutting edge within the first cutting edge region haying an increased material hardness with respect to the first cutting edge region located outside the distal cutting edge region.
  • the machining of the plurality of beveled surfaces can include shaving, and the first hardening may include inductive hardening of at least the first cutting edge region to a value of 550 to 700 HV.
  • the cutting surfaces layers of at least the first cutting edge region are smoothed with roughness values Ra of 0.005 to 0.12 ⁇ m and Rz of 0.05 to 1.2 ⁇ m, and an edge radius of the longitudinal cutting edge is ⁇ 2.5 ⁇ m.
  • Ra and Rz are in accordance with ⁇ NORM EN ISO 4287 or ASME B46.1.
  • parameters of the at least one further hardening may be determined based on a geometric embodiment of the first cutting edge region and a local energy input into the smoothed cutting surface layers. Further, the at least one further hardening can produce a material hardness of over 650 HV in the distal cutting edge region proximally from the longitudinal cutting edge to a depth of up to 0.05 to 0.15 mm into the first cutting edge region.
  • the at least one further hardening can produce a material hardness of over 650 HV in the distal cutting edge region proximally from the longitudinal cutting edge to a depth of up to 0.05 to 0.15 mm into the first cutting edge region.
  • Embodiments are directed to a strip steel knife that includes a strip steel body having, in cross section, at least partially bainitic microstructure and at least one cutting edge bevel forming a longitudinal cutting edge having a maximum radius of 2.5 ⁇ m, a first cutting edge region of the longitudinal cutting edge includes a smoothed surface layer of the at least one longitudinal cutting edge bevel, and a distal cutting edge region, which is formed in the first cutting edge region and includes the longitudinal cutting edge, has a material hardness of at least 650 HV up to a depth of 0.05 to 0.15 mm from the longitudinal cutting edge. A material hardness outside of the distal cutting region decreases in a direction away from the longitudinal cutting edge.
  • the at least one cutting edge can include a plurality of cutting edge bevels having smoothed surface layers exhibiting roughness values Ra of 0.005 to 0.12 ⁇ m and Rz of 0.05 to 1.2 ⁇ m.
  • Ra and Rz are in accordance with ⁇ NORM EN ISO 4287 or ASME B46.1.
  • a surface layer may include at least one of an oxide layer, a sliding layer or a hard material layer is formed in the distal cutting edge region.
  • the first cutting edge region can be hardened from the distal cutting edge region to a depth of 300 ⁇ m from the longitudinal cutting edge to a hardness greater than a hardness of the strip steel body outside of the first cutting edge region.
  • a tool can include the strip steel knife, as described above.
  • the strip steel knife can be configured for processing planar materials.
  • the planar materials to be processed may include at least one of cardboard, corrugated cardboard or plastic films.
  • FIG. 1 shows in cross section a theoretical construction and an arrangement of regions of a strip steel knife according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a metallographic structural depiction of a strip steel knife according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a detailed illustration of FIG. 2 in the bevel region.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a strip steel knife in cross section, formed from a steel strip 1 with a skin decarburization 4 ; 4 ′ and cutting edge bevels 3 ; 3 ′ towards the cutting edge 2 that are positioned on the narrow side of the steel strip and each have an additional bevel 5 ; 5 ′.
  • a shaping is in many cases carried out by a shaving of a steel strip 1 and a hardening with an induction heating of the region of the cutting edge 2 .
  • a material removal at least involves the creation of process score marks in the workpiece and/or a roughness of a surface layer 8 , 8 ′ in the surface of cutting edge bevels 3 ; 3 ′ on the strip steel knife, which cause consistently unfavorable adhesive tendencies between the tool and workpiece when a planar material is being cut. it has already been attempted to smooth the surface of the cutting edge bevels 3 ; 3 ′ by polishing or fine-grinding in order to overcome this disadvantage.
  • both a maximum value and a minimum measure of roughness preferably constitute limit values. Accordingly, values for Ra are to be set between 0.005 to 0.12 ⁇ m and the values for Rz are between 0.05 to 1.2 ⁇ m via precision processing by smoothing. These roughness values Ra and Rz are in accordance with the standards described in ⁇ NORM EN ISO 4287 or ASME B46.1.
  • a targeted high-performance precision processing on the cutting edge bevels 3 ; 3 ′ in the region towards the cutting edge 2 may be accompanied by a decrease in the material hardness in this region, i.e., in a direction away from the cutting edge 2 .
  • the material hardness in a distal (second) cutting edge region 7 is to be set to over 650 HV proximally on the cutting edge 2 up to a depth of 0.15 mm by a subsequent hardening or by subsequent hardenings, whereby a high edge-holding ability of the strip steel knife is achieved.
  • surface layer 8 , 8 ′ in the smoothed first cutting edge region 6 after the first hardening, and/or at least, in the distal cutting edge region 7 after the at least one subsequent hardening comprise at least an oxide layer and/or a sliding layer and/or a hard material layer.
  • FIG. 2 shows in cross section a strip steel knife according to embodiments following an etching treatment for the purpose of illustrating the structure.
  • a steel strip 1 with a bainite and a skin decarburization at the surface (brightly etched) respectively comprises multi-section bevels with a cutting edge.
  • a (first) cutting edge region 6 shows a hardened and tempered structure that extends from the cutting edge 2 through approximately 300 ⁇ m into the cutting edge bevel 3 , 3 ′. From the cutting edge 2 through approximately 145 ⁇ m into the cutting edge region, the hardened and tempered structure of the distal (second) cutting edge region 7 is formed by a subsequent hardening as a finely structured hardened structure, which is brightly etched.
  • FIG. 3 shows the cutting edge bevel 3 , 3 ′ from. FIG. 2 in an enlarged view.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Nonmetal Cutting Devices (AREA)
  • Milling, Broaching, Filing, Reaming, And Others (AREA)
  • Knives (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
US16/447,503 2018-06-29 2019-06-20 Method for producing a strip steel knife, and strip steel knife for tools Abandoned US20200023420A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50538/2018A AT520930B1 (de) 2018-06-29 2018-06-29 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bandstahlmessers und Bandstahlmesser für Werkzeuge
ATA50538/2018 2018-06-29

Publications (1)

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US20200023420A1 true US20200023420A1 (en) 2020-01-23

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US16/447,503 Abandoned US20200023420A1 (en) 2018-06-29 2019-06-20 Method for producing a strip steel knife, and strip steel knife for tools

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20200023420A1 (de)
EP (1) EP3586991B1 (de)
JP (1) JP7068235B2 (de)
KR (1) KR102571038B1 (de)
CN (1) CN110653581B (de)
AT (1) AT520930B1 (de)
TW (1) TWI753257B (de)

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CN111185942A (zh) * 2020-02-25 2020-05-22 深圳市誉和光学精密刀具有限公司 切刀及其加工方法
EP4005755A1 (de) * 2020-11-30 2022-06-01 Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Neuartiges messer zum schneiden von hartem gewebe

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CN111593550B (zh) * 2020-06-12 2021-09-24 拓卡奔马机电科技有限公司 一种裁床用裁刀及裁床
JP7142802B2 (ja) * 2020-06-19 2022-09-27 株式会社アライドマテリアル 超硬合金製切断刃
WO2021256279A1 (ja) * 2020-06-19 2021-12-23 株式会社アライドマテリアル 超硬合金製切断刃

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US2713902A (en) * 1950-04-18 1955-07-26 Biss Robert Steel cutting rule
US3581604A (en) * 1965-06-14 1971-06-01 Sandvik Steel Of Colorado Inc Cutting strips, cutting die knives, cutting rules and the like
US4829854A (en) * 1986-02-27 1989-05-16 Essmann & Schaefer Gmbh & Co. Kg Cutting and scoring strip
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US20080178476A1 (en) * 2007-01-24 2008-07-31 Kum Limited Sharpener Blade
US20140013915A1 (en) * 2011-03-25 2014-01-16 Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd. Steel plate with excellent durability for band-shaped die-cutting blade, and band-shaped die-cutting blade

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111185942A (zh) * 2020-02-25 2020-05-22 深圳市誉和光学精密刀具有限公司 切刀及其加工方法
EP4005755A1 (de) * 2020-11-30 2022-06-01 Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Neuartiges messer zum schneiden von hartem gewebe

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JP2020001164A (ja) 2020-01-09
AT520930B1 (de) 2019-09-15
KR102571038B1 (ko) 2023-08-24
EP3586991A1 (de) 2020-01-01
TW202000332A (zh) 2020-01-01
EP3586991B1 (de) 2020-10-14
JP7068235B2 (ja) 2022-05-16
TWI753257B (zh) 2022-01-21
AT520930A4 (de) 2019-09-15
KR20200002635A (ko) 2020-01-08
CN110653581B (zh) 2024-02-20
CN110653581A (zh) 2020-01-07

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