CN110653581A - 用于制造带钢刀的方法和用于刀具的带钢刀 - Google Patents
用于制造带钢刀的方法和用于刀具的带钢刀 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于制造带钢刀的方法和用于刀具的带钢刀,其中,优选使近中具有中间过渡组织且表面上具有脱碳部的、在横截面基本上呈矩形的钢带经受切削加工以形成纵向切割刃,并随后在切割刃区域中经受对材料的硬化。为了实现带钢刀的切割耐久性的改善或者由此制成的刀具用于加工面式材料的寿命的提高,根据本发明提出的是,在第一步骤中,在纵向侧进行切割棱面的切削成形以形成切割刃,此后在第二步骤中执行对切割刃区域的硬化,随后在第三步骤中对切割棱面进行通过修光的切削加工,用来对朝切割刃而去的表面进行造型,此后在第四步骤中在切割刃区域中进行至少一次连续硬化,并且朝切割刃而去地在远中切割刃区域中进行对材料的硬度提高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造带钢刀的方法,该带钢刀具有经硬化的切割刃,其中,使近中具有中间过渡组织且表面上具有脱碳部的、在横截面中基本上呈矩形的可硬化的钢带经受切削加工以形成纵向切割刃,并随后在切割刃区域中经受对材料的硬化。
此外,本发明涉及还一种用于制造用来加工面式材料的刀具的带钢刀。
背景技术
上述带钢刀用于制成用来切割和/或刻划面式材料的刀具。
刀具制造基本上是通过将带钢刀弯曲成所需形状并将带钢刀固定在刀架中来进行。
当带钢刀横向于其纵向延伸进行弯曲时,在其外侧直至中性轴(neutrale Faser)必然地在材料中出现拉伸应力,这会在材料切断过程中导致裂纹。
由于该原因,使用具有表面脱碳以提高该层的可变形性并且考虑到对切割刃区域中的材料进行硬化而具有近中的中间过渡组织的基本上呈矩形的弹簧钢带作为用于制造带钢刀的初始材料。
随后对上述类型的初始材料进行切削加工以形成纵向切割刃,该加工通常通过刮削进行。
为了改善带钢刀的切割耐久性或者说为了提高由其制成的用于加工面式材料的刀具的寿命,可以使切割刃或切割刃区域经受对材料的热调质处理或对其的硬化。
通过硬化和回火进行的或者通过硬化进行的热调质处理在此通过加热材料以产生奥氏体的或部分奥氏体的组织结构然后快速冷却来进行。
通常使用的制造技术可能会带来切割刃区域中的材料硬度的不利分布、弯曲能力降低、面式的工件在带钢刀的切割棱面上的不期望的粘附倾向或类似情况。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于制造开头所述类型的带钢刀的方法,该方法克服了迄今的制造的缺点,并且在制造的步骤顺序中经济地带来有利的产品质量的产生。
本发明的另外的任务是陈述对带钢刀质量的改进和对其寿命的提高,同时在刀具方面具有应用技术上的优势。
根据本发明,该目的通过以下方式实现,即,在制造技术方面,在第一步骤中,在纵向侧进行切割棱面的切削成形以形成切割刃,此后在第二步骤中执行对切割刃区域的硬化,随后在第三步骤中对切割棱面进行通过修光来精加工的切削加工用来对朝切割刃而去的表面进行造型,此后在第四步骤中执行至少一次连续硬化并且朝切割刃而去地在远中切割刃区域中进行材料的硬度提高。
用本发明实现的优点基本上在于彼此协调的步骤顺序。
对弹簧钢带的切割棱面的切削成形暴露出近中定位的中间过渡组织,这导致在热调质处理过程中对切割刃区域中的材料的有利的淬透性。
中间过渡组织在很大程度上形成为针状并且具有小的、可能是亚微观的碳化物,其在奥氏体化过程中以高的速度溶解并且在快速冷却后引起精细的硬化组织。
切割棱面尤其在切割刃区域中由于其制造而始终具有不利的表面粗糙程度,该粗糙度导致面式材料在被加工或切割时出现不期望的粘附。为了克服这个缺点,根据本发明提出的是,在硬化之后在第三步骤中实施通过对切割刃区域的朝切割刃而去的表面修光的精加工进行的造型并设定粗糙程度,其程度引起被切割物的或者说面式材料在带钢刀上的最小的粘附倾向。
以相应的经济性对切割棱面的表面进行精加工可能会由于在此过程中产生的热导致硬化组织的回火,伴随着的是朝切割刃而去的材料硬度的不利下降。根据本发明,在随后的第四步骤中进行至少一次连续硬化,这引起朝切割刃而去的材料的硬度提高。
在从属权利要求中指出了优选根据本发明所要设定的各材料硬度的区域、切割刃的几何形状和表面的粗糙度。
根据本发明,另外的任务通过如下方式解决,即,带钢刀在横截面中近中具有中间过渡组织,朝具有最大2.5μm的半径的切割刃而去的切割棱面具有通过精加工修光的表面,并且在远中切割刃区域中直至棱面区域中深至0.05至0.15mm的深度,材料的硬度为至少650HV并且向近中方向减小。
尤其地,对于塑料面式材料的加工,已发现具有小的刃半径的切割刀具是有利的。
刃区域中的刀具材料的高硬度以有利的方式延长了在复杂使用中的切割耐久性,并且当在在刀具中准备带钢刀时(AT 508 551B1)可以带来益处。
根据本发明的用于制造刀具的带钢刀在权利要求5至7中表明。
附图说明
参考附图中所示的实施例和带钢刀的材料研究详细地解释本发明。
其中:
图1以横截面示出根据本发明的带钢刀的基本构造和区域布置;
图2示出根据本发明的带钢刀的金相组织图;
图3示出图2在棱面区域中的细节。
具体实施方式
为了便于对应根据本发明的带钢刀的区域的配属,将使用下面的附图标记列表。
1 钢带
2 切割刃
3;3' 切割棱面
4;4' 边缘渗碳部
5;5' (多个)另外的棱面部分
6 经硬化的切割刃区域
7 具有(多个)连续硬化部的切割刃区域
8 切割区域中的表面层
图1以横截面示意性地示出了带钢刀,它由具有边缘渗碳部4;4'以及被定位在钢带窄侧上的朝切割刃2而去的分别带有另外的棱面5;5'的切割棱面3;3'的钢带1形成。
尽管用不同的切削加工也能制造具有切割部2和至少一个棱面3;3'的带钢刀的这种横截面形状,但是在许多情况下,执行通过刮削钢带1进行的造型和利用对切割刃2的区域的感应加热进行的硬化。
然而,排屑可能会使在工件中具有加工沟痕或者说使带钢刀的切割刃棱面3;3'的表面具有粗糙度,这在切割面式材料时将总是引起刀具与工件之间的不利的粘附倾向。已经尝试通过抛光或精磨来对切割棱面3;3'的表面进行修光,以克服该缺点。
然而,与本领域通行观点相反,已经发现,为了有利地使面式材料与带钢刀的切割棱面的表面脱离,粗糙度的最大值和最小值都优选地表现为极限值。因此,通过借助修光进行精加工,将Ra的值设定在0.005至0.12μm之间,并将Rz的值设定在0.05至1.2μm之间(根据奥地利标准 EN ISO 4287的粗糙度特征值)。
然而,在朝切割刃2而去的区域中对切割棱面3;3'的以高功率进行有针对性的精加工可能带来该区域中的材料硬度下降。
根据本发明,在远中切割刃区域7中,借助一次连续硬化或借助多次连续硬化在切割刃2处向近中直至0.15mm的深度地将材料硬度调设到650HV以上,由此实现带钢刀的高切割耐久性。
图2以横截面示出了在蚀刻处理之后的根据本发明的带钢刀,用于呈现组织。
具有中间过渡组织且表面上具有边缘脱碳部(浅色蚀刻)的钢带1分别具有带切割刃的多部分式的棱面。
切割刃区域6示出了调质处理组织,该调质处理组织从切割刃2延伸到切割棱面中约300μm。
从切割刃到切割刃区域中约145μm,通过连续硬化使调质处理组织成形为经精细结构化的硬化组织,它被浅色蚀刻。
图3以放大图示出了图2的切割棱面。
Claims (7)
1.用于制造带钢刀的方法,所述带钢刀具有经硬化的切割刃(2),其中,使近中具有中间过渡组织且表面上具有脱碳部(4;4')的、在横截面中基本上呈矩形的钢带(1)经受切削加工以形成纵向切割刃(2),并随后在切割刃区域(6、7)中经受对材料的硬化,其特征在于,在第一步骤中,在纵向侧进行切割棱面(3;3';5;5')的切削成形以形成切割刃(2),此后在第二步骤中执行对切割刃区域(6;7)的硬化,随后在第三步骤中对所述切割棱面(3;3')进行通过修光来精加工的切削加工,用来对朝切割刃(2)而去的表面进行造型,此后在第四步骤中在切割刃区域(6、7)中执行至少一次连续硬化,并且朝所述切割刃(2)而去地在远中切割刃区域(7)中进行材料的硬度提高。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,根据第一步骤对切割棱面(3;3';5;5')的成形通过刮削进行,并且在第二步骤中将切割刃区域(6、7)感应硬化到550至700HV的值。
4.根据权利要求1至3所述的方法,其特征在于,基于向棱面区域(3;3';5;5')中的被修光的面(8;8')中的局部能量引入和几何上的构造来获知(多个)连续硬化的参数,并且调设出从所述切割刃(2)向近中直至进入所述棱面区域(7、6)中0.05至0.15mm的深度的650HV以上的材料硬度。
5.用于制造刀具的带钢刀,尤其是用于制造用来加工诸如纸板、瓦楞纸、塑料薄膜等的面式材料的刀具的带钢刀,所述带钢刀被制造为具有至少一个在纵向侧的通过切削成形建立的切割棱面,所述切割棱面具有经硬化的切割刃(2),其特征在于,所述带钢刀(1)在横截面中近中具有中间过渡组织,朝具有最大2.5μm的半径的切割刃(2)而去的切割棱面(3;3';5;5')具有通过精加工被修光的表面(3;3'),并且在远中切割刃区域(7)中直至棱面区域中深至0.05至0.15mm的深度,材料的硬度为至少650HV并且向近中方向减小。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的带钢刀,其特征在于,被修光的切割区域(7、6)的表面至少在远中切割刃区域(7)中具有在一次或再一次连续硬化过程中形成的表面层(8;8'),确切地说是氧化物皮和/或滑动层或硬质层。
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ATA50538/2018A AT520930B1 (de) | 2018-06-29 | 2018-06-29 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bandstahlmessers und Bandstahlmesser für Werkzeuge |
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CN111185942B (zh) * | 2020-02-25 | 2023-10-27 | 深圳市誉和光学精密刀具有限公司 | 切刀及其加工方法 |
CN111593550B (zh) * | 2020-06-12 | 2021-09-24 | 拓卡奔马机电科技有限公司 | 一种裁床用裁刀及裁床 |
CN115697656A (zh) * | 2020-06-19 | 2023-02-03 | 联合材料公司 | 超硬合金制切割刃 |
WO2021256282A1 (ja) * | 2020-06-19 | 2021-12-23 | 株式会社アライドマテリアル | 超硬合金製切断刃 |
CN112454437A (zh) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-09 | 上海市第六人民医院 | 一种新型硬组织切片刀 |
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EP3586991A1 (de) | 2020-01-01 |
AT520930A4 (de) | 2019-09-15 |
TW202000332A (zh) | 2020-01-01 |
JP7068235B2 (ja) | 2022-05-16 |
AT520930B1 (de) | 2019-09-15 |
KR20200002635A (ko) | 2020-01-08 |
US20200023420A1 (en) | 2020-01-23 |
KR102571038B1 (ko) | 2023-08-24 |
CN110653581B (zh) | 2024-02-20 |
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