US20180258503A1 - Blow lance assembly for metal manufacturing and refining - Google Patents

Blow lance assembly for metal manufacturing and refining Download PDF

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Publication number
US20180258503A1
US20180258503A1 US15/549,493 US201615549493A US2018258503A1 US 20180258503 A1 US20180258503 A1 US 20180258503A1 US 201615549493 A US201615549493 A US 201615549493A US 2018258503 A1 US2018258503 A1 US 2018258503A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
oxygen
blow lance
lance assembly
refining
solid material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US15/549,493
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English (en)
Inventor
Marcelo De Souza Lima Guerra
Fabrício Silveira Garajau
Breno Totti Maia
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LUMAR METALS LTDA
Lumar Metals Ltd
Original Assignee
LUMAR METALS LTDA
Lumar Metals Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LUMAR METALS LTDA, Lumar Metals Ltd filed Critical LUMAR METALS LTDA
Assigned to LUMAR METALS LTDA. reassignment LUMAR METALS LTDA. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DE SOUZA LIMA GUERRA, Marcelo, GARAJAU, FABRÍCIO SILVEIRA, MAIA, BRENO TOTTI
Publication of US20180258503A1 publication Critical patent/US20180258503A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
    • C21C5/305—Afterburning
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/4606—Lances or injectors
    • C21C5/4613—Refractory coated lances; Immersion lances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
    • C21C5/35—Blowing from above and through the bath
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/4606—Lances or injectors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/4606—Lances or injectors
    • C21C2005/4626—Means for cooling, e.g. by gases, fluids or liquids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/4673—Measuring and sampling devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the instant invention relates to a blow lance assembly for metal manufacturing and refining, more specifically to a blow lance assembly used in steel manufacturing and refining, developed so as to control formation and oxidation of slag, heat capacity of the reactor, and conservation of charging and blowing operational conditions.
  • the BOF (Basic Oxygen Furnace) furnace is a cylindrical vessel closed at the bottom, having its upper end shaped like a conical frustum with a large opening at the top for charging the liquid pig iron and scrap, called “mouth”, and a small side opening called “pouring channel” through which liquid steel produced at the end of the primary refining is removed.
  • a coating with a layer of refractory bricks is used in order to contain the liquid bath at elevated temperatures around 1700 Celsius degrees.
  • the blowing process involves performing a sequence of steps, starting with charging.
  • the vessel is tilted to an angle of 45° from the vertical; scrap is charged into the vessel with the aid of a channel, a container for preparing the scrap to be placed into the furnace; after the scrap is placed into the furnace, the liquid pig iron is charged.
  • the vessel is then tilted back to the vertical position, to allow oxygen to be blown through an oxygen lance which moves vertically.
  • the oxygen lance is water cooled, and contains at its end the oxygen outlet nozzles.
  • the nozzle assembly and its geometry determine the configuration of the lance nozzle.
  • the oxygen lance follows a height pattern in relation to the metal bath during the blow, called “lance-bath distance”.
  • the objective is always to approach the lance closest to the surface of the bath to accelerate the reaction speed, being, however, as close as possible to the bath surface subjected to high temperatures.
  • the closer to the bath surface the deeper the injection of the oxygen jets, which increases the reaction speed.
  • the process causes agitation of the liquid metal and slag that are thrown to the upper parts of the furnace and may solidify both on the lance and along the furnace walls, and may also be thrown out of the furnace.
  • the lance can also use other gases or mixtures thereof with oxygen in liquid metal manufacturing processes.
  • the blowing process consists of four distinct steps: ignition, slag formation, decarburization and oxidation for setting the temperature.
  • ignition i.e, in which oxidation occurs in any element of the bath by blown oxygen.
  • slag formation step begins. This second step lasts approximately 3 to 5 minutes, and it is also referred to as the first period of decarburization. It is characterized by the almost complete oxidation of silicon and a sharp manganese oxidation, while the decarburization speed increases as the content of these two elements decrease.
  • all the slag-forming agents such as calcitic lime, dolomitic lime and raw dolomite, are added.
  • slug-forming materials is generally performed using storage silos located above the converter furnace.
  • the supply logistics of these silos is complex, comprising several stages, including the receipt of the material through highways or railways, carried in bulk or in “big-bags” (large packs).
  • the material When carried in bulk, the material is discharged in transfer silos, usually located in an opening below the transport means; from the wait silo, the material is dosed through a hopper and moves towards a conveyor belt whose function is to lead the material to the top of the bearing constructions of the converter furnace with heights between 25 and 50 m, where storage silos are located; during the ascent, belts transposition may occur to allow changing the direction of the material depending on the layout of each company.
  • the materials reach a larry called tripper.
  • the material is then directed to storage silos, usually 4 to 15 in number. Beneath the storage silos there are vibrators or dosers that, upon receipt of the weighing command, move the material to the waiting silos, which are provided with a scale for weight adjustment.
  • the heavy stuff is awaiting the right time to be added into the converter furnace.
  • big bags In case big bags are employed, they can be opened in transfer silo or lifted by overhead crane, and unloaded directly on the storage silos. In both cases, in each material transposing, the pollution effect is remarkable and containment requires considerable investment in dust-removal systems.
  • These materials can also be added by lances or through porous or pressurized passages existing at the refractory sole or base of the furnace.
  • the moment of addition varies depending on the type of steel to be produced, but in general, follows the same sequence.
  • silicon being transformed into silica the rapid addition of a basic agent is necessary in this case, and especially lime, added immediately after finding that the batch ignition was carried out.
  • time is required for its heating, reaction and dissolution, and then for the occurrence of an effective silica neutralization action.
  • magnesium oxide-rich materials such as dolomite
  • dolomite are added with the main objective of obtaining a saturation level of slag such that avoids the attack to the refractory bricks of the converter.
  • the behavior of magnesium oxide-rich materials is the same as lime and, depending on the silicon content in pig iron, lime dissolution mastery is critical to avoid overflow of the emulsion to the outside of the converter or its projection, which would have harmful consequences on the batch performance, operating time, formation of solid metallic materials adhered to the lance, and on the dust-removal system, which imposes long pauses for maintenance.
  • the second stage of decarburization mainly involves the oxidation of carbon, after silicon oxidation.
  • the conditions in the converter are characterized by high temperature and by the existence of gas-slag-metal emulsion which promotes decarburization, the reaction speed being determined only by oxygen availability.
  • the furnace operates as an autothermal reactor in which the energy required for the process is provided by the liquid charge, pig iron, and by the refining reactions resulting from the reaction with oxygen.
  • the oxidation reaction forms two products: carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), with levels ranging from 40 to 70% CO and 10 to 40% CO 2 .
  • CO carbon monoxide
  • CO 2 carbon dioxide
  • the intense generation of carbon monoxide within the metal bath causes the “foaming” of the slag and the formation of the gas-slag-metal emulsion.
  • the afterburning technique of the gases inside the furnace aims to oxidize carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and generate a substantial amount of energy.
  • the efficiency of transmission of this additional amount of energy to the charge may also affect the amount of scrap used.
  • the increased proportion of scrap in the charge, and thus, the production of steel per ton of liquid pig iron, requires an adjustment in heat balance, making use of additional energy sources necessary.
  • Scrap preheating and the addition of auxiliary fuel such as iron-silicon and metallurgic coke are traditional.
  • Decarburization reactions are exothermic and increase the temperature of the metal bath. The end of this step is determined when the decarburization speed is now controlled not by oxygen availability, but rather by the diffusion of carbon to the reaction interface.
  • Afterburning is maximized during batch decarburization, associated with the conveyance of gases into the furnace atmosphere and their entraining into the primary or secondary oxygen jets. The entrained carbon monoxide is oxidized into carbon dioxide. A carbon dioxide portion is dissipated to the furnace atmosphere, and the remainder reaches the bath and the emulsion, being reduced again by the metal.
  • the lances' nozzles specially designed for afterburning are characterized by the existence of two oxygen blowing conditions: the main blow by the convergent-divergent nozzle, and the supplemental oxygen blow through straight nozzles, called secondary jets.
  • the last blowing step aims to increase the temperature of the metal bath, particularly in processes where heat input is compromised by larger amounts of scrap placed into the furnace.
  • This step is characterized by a decrease in decarburization speed and a gradual increase in manganese and iron oxidation as the carbon content in the bath decreases.
  • the reduction in gas generation causes the gradual destruction of the emulsion, with the coalescence of metal particles and their return to the bath.
  • the final blowing step has become a moment to ensure the low content requested in steels at the other end, increasing the blow mastery and the quality requirements to be met still in the converter.
  • the final blowing step has an essential condition for phosphorus removal: high level of bath and slag oxidation; however, there is also a limiting element to dephosphorization: the high pouring temperature.
  • the third ingredient for phosphorus retention in the slag consists of alkalinity increase, or increased content of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide.
  • the current practice to improve dephosphorization and conversely, with the aim of raising the temperature, is the addition of lime or limestone, which is lime without calcining, after taking the sub-lance measure or the final blowing step, for those who cannot access this resource.
  • the objective is a quick increase in the alkalinity of the oxidized slag combined with a temperature drop to create the condition for capturing and retaining phosphorus in the slag.
  • the phosphorous reactions are easily reversible, and then, a result of this technique is quick pouring.
  • the determination of the final blowing temperature considers the heat loss processing and handling of the batch subsequent to the primary refining step. After the completion of sampling for chemical composition analysis and bath temperature measurement, the furnace is tilted for pouring liquid steel into a steel pan. Then, the furnace is tilted to allow slag casting, which takes place on the opposite side of steel casting. The runtime of the assembly of all said operations determines the time of the furnace production cycle.
  • the objective of the instant invention is the development of a lance that allows flexibility in blowing process to improve heat control, decarburization rate control, and phosphorus control in the final blow, eliminating or substantially reducing the occurrence of the problems identified during the operation of the process in the current state of the art.
  • One aspect of the invention is the introduction into the lance of a conductor pipe made of pulverized solid material, notably calcium oxide (lime), to the vicinity of the main outlets of oxygen in the oxygen passage nozzle with convergent-divergent format with different objects in each blowing step.
  • Lime injection with oxygen intended for the refining of the metallic bath allows continuous addition, facilitating slag formation and maintaining control of the emulsion, the steel-slag-gas mixture.
  • Another aspect of the invention is the introduction into the lance of secondary outlet of oxygen and combustible gases with independent control of main oxygen with different objectives in the main blowing steps: a) during the initial phase of scrap melting and slag formation, increase the calorific value of the reactor to accelerate the melting process; b) during the decarburization period, increase oxygen supply at supersonic speed to reduce the refining time, and c) finally, the final blowing step, to promote afterburning to ensure temperature and increase the batch oxidation level to ensure low levels of dephosphorization.
  • the lance has two groups of gas outlets which determine two blow conditions.
  • the first group consists of oxygen passage nozzles with converging-diverging shape, primarily responsible for oxidation reactions and for the transport of basic solid material, mainly calcium oxide, for the initial formation of slag and dephosphorization in the final stages during batch refining.
  • the second group consists of secondary supersonic jets with varied functions at each stage of the blowing process.
  • the first function early in the process, as afterburning agent, through the reaction of oxygen with carbon monoxide generated by the main jets.
  • the second function contributing to accelerate the reactions with carbon by increasing the oxygen jet speed, accelerating the scrap melting in the initial stages, and ultimately increasing the oxidation of the metal bath elements, iron, in order to reduce the phosphorus in the final stages during batch refining.
  • FIG. 1 shows a side section of an oxygen furnace, the furnace consisting of an external container, a metallic housing ( 201 ), open at the top, in the mouth of the furnace ( 207 ), wherein the oxygen furnace is internally coated with refractory bricks ( 202 ) of which the function is to protect the metallic housing ( 201 ) from the extreme refining conditions during the oxygen blowing process.
  • the furnace contains four different materials: liquid metal ( 301 ), scrap ( 302 ), slag ( 303 ) resulting from oxidation of the liquid metal elements and adding slag-forming agents, and gases ( 305 ) from the refining reactions.
  • the lance ( 100 ) is positioned at a certain distance above the metal bath, said distance being called “LBD—lance-bath distance” ( 401 ) in relation to the height of the static bath ( 400 )
  • scrap ( 302 ) is melted gradually, incorporating the metal bath ( 301 ).
  • Oxygen ( 300 ) reacts with the metal bath ( 301 ) initiating the formation of slag ( 303 ) and generating gases ( 305 ), forming an emulsion region ( 402 ).
  • the lance ( 100 ) is immersed in the emulsion ( 402 ), which causes its adhesion to the lance or the formation of a lance scale ( 403 ).
  • FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of a state of art lance ( 100 ), comprising a copper nozzle ( 101 ) having, at its end, the oxygen outlets through a varying number of holes and angles with the vertical axis, the main oxygen pipe ( 105 ), intermediate pipe ( 106 ), the outer pipe ( 107 ), in general all made of steel, wherein this lance ( 100 ) has also an coolant inlet ( 108 ).
  • the good performance of the lance ( 100 ) depends on the water ability to extract heat from the nozzle ( 101 ) and from the outer pipe ( 107 ).
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the lower afterburning module ( 114 ) embedded in the copper nozzle ( 101 ) and comprising secondary outlets of lower oxygen ( 116 ), which surround the convergent-divergent outlet of main oxygen ( 115 ).
  • An injection pipe of powdered solid material ( 119 ) is inserted inside the main oxygen pipe ( 105 ). Unlike the state of art practice, the injection of pulverized solid material through this pipe ( 119 ) is carried out by continuous injection, and in this case, oxygen is the carrier gas ( 300 ).
  • an inert gas ( 307 ) generally argon or nitrogen, is used.
  • the powdered solid material injection pipe ( 119 ) is brought close to the copper nozzle ( 101 ) in order to prevent the formation of suspended material in the main oxygen pipe ( 105 ).
  • a flow driver adapted to convey the pulverized solid towards the main oxygen ( 115 ) outlets, suitably sized to transport gases and solids.
  • the powdered solid material injection pipe ( 119 ) can work with injection rates ranging from 50 kg/min to 1500 kg/min, and may extend to the surface of the copper nozzle ( 101 ) in order to unload the material intended for the converter environment.
  • the lower oxygen secondary outlet ( 116 ), ring- or point-shaped, is connected to the main oxygen pipe ( 105 ) and aims at achieving an afterburning which facilitates scrap ( 302 ) melting in the initial moments of blowing, and may also be connected with the auxiliary gas-supply chamber ( 117 ).
  • the insertion of an auxiliary gas-supply chamber ( 117 ) is provided, which can be crossed by oxidizing gases, such as oxygen itself ( 300 ), and combustible gases ( 305 ), contacting the furnace environment ( 200 ) through the secondary gases outlet ( 118 ).
  • the auxiliary gas-supply chamber ( 117 ) is intended to enable individual control of pressure and flow conditions.
  • the condition of intermediate pressure and flow favors the scrap ( 302 ) melting, and afterburning results in the formation of initial slag ( 303 ), rich in iron oxide, favoring the dissolution of other slag-forming agents.
  • the condition changes to high pressure and flow, contributing to an increase in carbon removal rate during the refining process of the metal bath ( 301 ).
  • the condition of low flow and pressure and of increased slag ( 303 ) oxidation occurs, contributing to phosphorus retention.
  • inert gases with coolant properties or even purging agents may be used to prevent the closure of the secondary gas outlets ( 118 ).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
US15/549,493 2015-02-19 2016-02-17 Blow lance assembly for metal manufacturing and refining Abandoned US20180258503A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR102015003522A BR102015003522A2 (pt) 2015-02-19 2015-02-19 conjunto de lança de sopro para fabricação e refino de metais
BR102015003522-5 2015-02-19
PCT/BR2016/050032 WO2016131118A1 (pt) 2015-02-19 2016-02-17 Conjunto de lança de sopro para fabricação e refino de metais

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US20180258503A1 true US20180258503A1 (en) 2018-09-13

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US15/549,493 Abandoned US20180258503A1 (en) 2015-02-19 2016-02-17 Blow lance assembly for metal manufacturing and refining

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US (1) US20180258503A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2018506649A (zh)
CN (1) CN107250386A (zh)
BR (1) BR102015003522A2 (zh)
DE (1) DE112016000404T5 (zh)
WO (1) WO2016131118A1 (zh)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI737504B (zh) * 2020-09-28 2021-08-21 中國鋼鐵股份有限公司 轉爐石的脫磷方法
CN116926273A (zh) * 2023-09-15 2023-10-24 山西华茂智能新材料有限公司 一种喷镁球化站换枪平台

Citations (3)

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US4426709A (en) * 1981-12-23 1984-01-17 Voest-Alpine Aktiengesellschaft Arrangement for the production of steel
US6558614B1 (en) * 1998-08-28 2003-05-06 Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Method for producing a metal melt and corresponding multifunction lance
US20110127348A1 (en) * 2008-06-17 2011-06-02 Helmut Kerschbaum Oxygen blowing lance with protection element

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JPS58193309A (ja) * 1982-04-30 1983-11-11 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 鋼の精錬法
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DE19755876C2 (de) * 1997-12-04 2000-02-24 Mannesmann Ag Blaslanze zum Behandeln von metallischen Schmelzen und Verfahren zum Einblasen von Gasen
GB0209365D0 (en) * 2002-04-24 2002-06-05 Boc Group Plc Injection of solids into liquids
GB0209364D0 (en) * 2002-04-24 2002-06-05 Boc Group Plc Injection of particulate material into liquid
JP2006328432A (ja) * 2005-05-23 2006-12-07 Jfe Steel Kk 転炉吹錬方法及び転炉吹錬用上吹きランス
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JP2013209738A (ja) * 2011-04-27 2013-10-10 Jfe Steel Corp 溶鋼の製造方法
EP2752497B1 (en) * 2011-10-17 2018-08-22 JFE Steel Corporation Powder injection lance and method of refining molten iron using said powder injection lance

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4426709A (en) * 1981-12-23 1984-01-17 Voest-Alpine Aktiengesellschaft Arrangement for the production of steel
US6558614B1 (en) * 1998-08-28 2003-05-06 Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Method for producing a metal melt and corresponding multifunction lance
US20110127348A1 (en) * 2008-06-17 2011-06-02 Helmut Kerschbaum Oxygen blowing lance with protection element

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI737504B (zh) * 2020-09-28 2021-08-21 中國鋼鐵股份有限公司 轉爐石的脫磷方法
CN116926273A (zh) * 2023-09-15 2023-10-24 山西华茂智能新材料有限公司 一种喷镁球化站换枪平台

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CN107250386A (zh) 2017-10-13
JP2018506649A (ja) 2018-03-08
DE112016000404T5 (de) 2017-10-26
BR102015003522A2 (pt) 2016-08-23
WO2016131118A1 (pt) 2016-08-25

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