US20160127812A2 - Loudspeaker system with improved sound - Google Patents

Loudspeaker system with improved sound Download PDF

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Publication number
US20160127812A2
US20160127812A2 US13/818,374 US201113818374A US2016127812A2 US 20160127812 A2 US20160127812 A2 US 20160127812A2 US 201113818374 A US201113818374 A US 201113818374A US 2016127812 A2 US2016127812 A2 US 2016127812A2
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United States
Prior art keywords
zeolite
loudspeaker
loudspeaker device
particles
diameter
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US13/818,374
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English (en)
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US20160021439A2 (en
US20130170687A1 (en
Inventor
Maria Papakyriacou
Johannes Kobler
Jurgen Sauer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sound Solutions International Co Ltd
Nautilus Capital Corp
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Knowles IPC M Sdn Bhd
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Application filed by Knowles IPC M Sdn Bhd filed Critical Knowles IPC M Sdn Bhd
Assigned to KNOWLES ELECTRONICS ASIA PTE. LTD., NANOSCAPE AG reassignment KNOWLES ELECTRONICS ASIA PTE. LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PAPAKYRIACOU, MARIA, Kobler, Johannes, SAUER, JURGEN
Publication of US20130170687A1 publication Critical patent/US20130170687A1/en
Assigned to KNOWLES IPC (M) SDN BHD reassignment KNOWLES IPC (M) SDN BHD ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KNOWLES ELECTRONICS ASIA PTE. LTD.
Priority to US14/729,776 priority Critical patent/US9407977B2/en
Publication of US20160021439A2 publication Critical patent/US20160021439A2/en
Assigned to NAUTILUS CAPITAL CORPORATION reassignment NAUTILUS CAPITAL CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NANOSCAPE GMBH
Publication of US20160127812A2 publication Critical patent/US20160127812A2/en
Assigned to KNOWLES ELECTRONICS (BEIJING) CO., LTD. reassignment KNOWLES ELECTRONICS (BEIJING) CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KNOWLES IPC (M) SDN. BHD.
Assigned to SOUND SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. reassignment SOUND SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KNOWLES ELECTRONICS (BEIJING) CO., LTD.
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
    • B01J20/18—Synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
    • B01J20/165—Natural alumino-silicates, e.g. zeolites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
    • B01J20/18—Synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves
    • B01J20/183—Physical conditioning without chemical treatment, e.g. drying, granulating, coating, irradiation
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    • B01J20/2803—Sorbents comprising a binder, e.g. for forming aggregated, agglomerated or granulated products
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    • B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
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    • B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
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    • H04R1/2803—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means for loudspeaker transducers
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    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
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    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2811—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements for loudspeaker transducers
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    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2869—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of loudspeaker devices.
  • gas adsorbing materials in the following referred to as sorber—like e.g. activated carbon or zeolite may be placed therein to improve sound generation of the loudspeaker device.
  • sorber in the resonance space of the loudspeaker leads to an apparent virtual enlargement of the resonance space by gas adsorption and desorption.
  • the resonance frequency of the loudspeaker device is thereby lowered to a value that can be achieved without sorber only with an essentially larger resonance space.
  • EP 2 003 924 A1 relates to a loudspeaker system in which a gas adsorber, obtained by adding a binder to a porous material including a plurality of grains so as to perform moulding, is used to physically adsorb a gas in a closed space of the speaker system.
  • the porous material may be made of one selected from the group consisting of an activated carbon, zeolite, silica (SiO 2 ), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), zirconia (ZrO 3 ), magnesia (MgO), iron oxide black (Fe 3 O 4 ) molecular sieve, fullerene and a carbon nanotube.
  • the binder may be one of a powdery resin material and a fibrous resin material.
  • loudspeaker device comprising a loudspeaker receptacle for receiving a loudspeaker, and a zeolite material comprising zeolite particles having a silicon to aluminum mass ratio of at least 200.
  • the zeolite material comprises zeolite particles in pure SiO 2 modification.
  • silicon to aluminum mass ratio of at least 200 includes higher silicon to aluminum mass ratios, e.g. 250 or 300 , as well as aluminum-free zeolite particles. In the latter case, the whole zeolite particles of the zeolite material are in pure SiO 2 modification.
  • Zeolites are microporous minerals, usually aluminosilicate minerals, and are known to a person skilled in the art. Basic information about zeolites is available from the International Zeolite Association and the corresponding web site (http://www.iza-online.org/).
  • a loudspeaker refers to any type of electro-acoustic transducer.
  • the at least part of the zeolite particles have the structure FER.
  • at least part of the zeolite particles have the structure MFI.
  • the all zeolite particles are of the same structure, e.g. the structure FER.
  • the zeolite material includes zeolite particles of at least two different structures.
  • the zeolite material includes zeolite particles of the structure FER and zeolite particles of the structure MFI.
  • the three letter code relates to the classification of zeolites according to the International Zeolite Association and can be obtained inter alia from http://www.iza-online.org/.
  • the zeolite material further comprises a binder adhering the individual zeolite particles together. This allows grains of zeolite material to be formed which are larger than a single zeolite particle. Further a certain spacing between zeolite particles can be established by the binder and appropriate processing of the ingredients of the zeolite material.
  • the zeolite particles comprise first pores having a diameter in a first diameter range and the zeolite material comprises second pores between different zeolite particles.
  • the size of first pores in the zeolite particles usually have a sharp pore diameter distribution.
  • the diameter of the second pores can be influenced by the manufacturing process of the zeolite material.
  • the second pores have a diameter in a second diameter range and the second diameter range is spaced from the first diameter range by at least one order of magnitude.
  • the first diameter range extends up to about 4 nanometers
  • the second diameter range of the second pores extends from about 40 nanometers to higher diameters.
  • the second pores have a pore diameter larger than 50 nanometer.
  • the zeolite material has second pores in the range between 0.7 micrometer and 30 micrometer. According to a further embodiment, the zeolite material has second pores in the range between 1 micrometer and 10 micrometer.
  • the second pores have a pore diameter distribution with a local peak in a diameter range between 0.7 micrometer and 30 micrometer. According to an further embodiment, the second pores have a pore diameter distribution with a local peak in a diameter range between 1 micrometer and 10 micrometer.
  • the zeolite material comprises grains having a plurality of the zeolite particles adhered together with the binder and the grains have an average grain size in a range between 0.2 millimeter and 0.9 millimeter.
  • the mass fraction of the binder in relation to the whole mass of the zeolite material is in the range from 1% to 20%. According to a further embodiment, in relation to the whole mass of the zeolite material the mass fraction of the binder is in the range from 2% to 10%. According to a further embodiment, in relation to the whole mass of the zeolite material the mass fraction of the binder is in the range from 4% to 6%.
  • the zeolite particles have a mean diameter below 10 micrometer. According to a further embodiment, the zeolite particles have a mean diameter below 5 micrometer. According to a further embodiment, the zeolite particles have a mean diameter below 2 micrometer.
  • the zeolite particles have a mean diameter above 0.1 micrometer. According to a further embodiment, the zeolite particles have a mean diameter above 0.3 micrometer, or, according to still other embodiments, above 0.5 micrometer.
  • a zeolite material is provided, the zeolite material being obtainable by: (i) preparing a zeolite suspension from zeolite particles having a silicon to aluminum mass ratio of at least 200 and an nonpolar solvent; (ii) mixing the zeolite suspension with a binder suspension to obtain a zeolite-binder mixture; and (iii) drying the zeolite-binder mixture.
  • the zeolite material is configured or processed as described with regard to the first aspect or embodiments and examples thereof.
  • a zeolite material is obtained by (a) preparing a zeolite suspension with an organic solvent, e.g. alcohol, wherein the zeolite particles have a mean particle diameter smaller than 10 micrometer or, according to another embodiment, smaller than 2 micrometer. (b) The zeolite suspension is homogenized, e.g. by stirring. (c) Then homogenized zeolite suspension is mixed with a binder suspension, e.g. a latex suspension.
  • an organic solvent e.g. alcohol
  • Embodiments of Latex suspensions include at least one of a Polyacrylate suspension, Polystyrolacetat suspension, Polyvinylacetat suspension, Polyethylvinylacetat suspension, Polybutadienrubber suspension, etc.
  • the mass concentration of the binder e.g. the polymer, is between 1 weight % and 10 weight %, or, according other embodiments, between 4 weight % and 6 weight %.
  • the resultant suspension is then dried. Drying can be performed in different ways, e.g.
  • the temperature of the plate range is in a range between 120 degrees Celsius and 200 degrees Celsius or between 150 degrees Celsius and 170 degrees Celsius.
  • the resultant solid may be cut or broken into smaller pieces e.g. by means of a mortar mill, a hammer rotor mill, a cutting mill or a oscillating plate mill. (d) Subsequently, the resultant solid (optionally cut or broken) is screened with sieves to obtain grains in a desired diameter range.
  • a method of producing a zeolite material for use as a sorber material in loudspeaker device comprising (i) preparing a zeolite suspension from zeolite particles having a silicon to aluminum mass ratio of at least 200 and a solvent that includes an organic solvent; (ii) mixing the zeolite suspension with a binder suspension to obtain a zeolite-binder mixture; and (iii) drying the zeolite-binder mixture.
  • the zeolite material is configured or processed as described with regard to the first aspect or embodiments and examples thereof.
  • the solvent consists of at least one organic solvent. According to a further embodiment, the solvent comprises at least one organic solvent and at least one inorganic solvent.
  • a zeolite material having zeolite particles with a silicon to aluminum mass ratio of at least 200 in a loudspeaker device region that is exposed to sound generated by a loudspeaker of the loudspeaker device.
  • the zeolite material is configured or processed as described with regard to the first aspect or embodiments and examples thereof.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a measurement circuit for impedance measurements.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a measurement circuit for measuring the impedance response of a loudspeaker device.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a measurement circuit for sound pressure level measurements.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a grain of a zeolite material in accordance with embodiments of the herein disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a zeolite material in accordance with embodiments of the herein disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 6 shows nitrogen adsorption isotherms for zeolites in accordance with embodiments of the herein disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 7 shows nitrogen adsorption isotherms for BEA zeolites before and after aging.
  • FIG. 8 shows nitrogen adsorption isotherms for MFI zeolites before and after aging.
  • FIG. 9 shows nitrogen adsorption isotherms for FER zeolites before and after aging.
  • FIG. 10 shows electrical impedance curves for zeolites in accordance with embodiments of the herein disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 11 shows cumulative pore volume curves for zeolites in accordance with embodiments of the herein disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 12 shows electrical impedance curves for zeolite materials of FIG. 11 and for an empty resonance space.
  • FIG. 13 shows sound pressure level measurements for a loudspeaker device in accordance with embodiments of the herein disclosed subject matter, for a loudspeaker device with empty resonance space and for a loudspeaker device having activated carbon fibers in its resonance space.
  • FIG. 14 shows electrical impedance curves for different grain sizes of zeolite material in accordance with embodiments of the herein disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 15 shows electrical impedance curves for zeolite materials with different polymer content in accordance with embodiments of the herein disclosed subject matter.
  • FIG. 16 shows a loudspeaker device in accordance with embodiments of the herein disclosed subject matter.
  • Nitrogen adsorption isotherms have been determined at 25 degrees Celsius (° C.) between 25 millibar (mbar) and 1100 mbar with a sorption measurement device “Nova 1000e” of the firm “Quantachrome”. Further technical information is available from the technical datasheets of the firm “Quantachrome”, e.g. in the section “A Method for the Determination of Ambient Temperature Adsorption of Gases on Porous Materials” in Powder Tech Note 19.
  • the measurement of the loudspeaker impedance is based on the circuit 30 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • a reference resistance R 2 is connected between an exciting signal source 2 and a loudspeaker 3 .
  • R 1 denotes the ohmic resistance of the supply lines 1 .
  • the electrical impedance is frequency dependent. After measurement of the voltages U 1 and U 2 as a function of frequency f, i.e. U 1 ( f ) and U 2 ( f ), the impedance Z of is calculated according to the following equation:
  • the measurement circuit 40 for determining the impedance response shown in FIG. 2 comprises a loudspeaker of the type NXP RA11 ⁇ 15 ⁇ 3.5, serial No. 0001A5 9205E 11141345, indicated at 3 in FIG. 2 , which has been mounted hermetically sealed with a sealing 4 over a closed volume 5 (ca. 500 mm 3 , 12.5 mm ⁇ 9.5 mm ⁇ 4.2 mm).
  • the closed volume 5 forms a resonance space for the loudspeaker.
  • the resonance frequency with the resonance space being empty is 1000 Hz.
  • the exciting signal was generated by a computer soundcard 7 wherein the exciting signal is provided to the loudspeaker via an audio output port 6 of the computer soundcard 7 .
  • the left line output port 6 serves to output the test signal
  • the left line input port 8 serves for acquisition of a device under test (DUT) signal
  • the right line input port 9 serves as a reference input port.
  • the resistance 10 serves for damping the test signal.
  • the amplification depends on the volume of the resonance space. If the volume of the resonance space is empty, there is a certain amplification of the test signal at a certain frequency. By reducing the volume, the amplification shifts towards higher frequencies. By enlargement of the volume or by placing a suitable zeolite material in the resonance space the maximum of the amplification can be shifted to lower frequencies.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows the experimental setup 50 for the sound pressure level measurements.
  • the left output port 11 of the soundcard 12 is used as a signal source for the loudspeaker 3 .
  • the left input 14 of the soundcard is used for recording the output voltage of a microphone 15 .
  • the prior art does not provide a loudspeaker system with an aging resistant, well functioning adsorber with a low acoustic resistance.
  • activated carbon can be used as gas adsorbing material, however there are a plurality of problems.
  • Activated carbon is electrically conducting and can interfere with the electromagnetic transducers of the loudspeaker or other electronic parts within or external to the loudspeakers. Interaction with the surrounding equipment generated by induction of currents in the electrically conducting material are usually undesirable. For example, if an antenna is placed close to the electrically conducting material, the transmit power of the antenna is reduced.
  • No electrically non-conducting sorption material which results in a virtual acoustic enlargement of the volume of the resonance space by at least a factor of 2 for resonance frequencies of larger 500 Hz.
  • resonance shifts to lower frequencies of over 150 Hz can be achieved with known miniature loudspeaker systems.
  • a high sorption capacity for nitrogen as a main portion of air and a high sorption coefficient (dn/dp) at 10 5 Pa is important in order to allow a large volume of gas to adsorb on or desorb from the sorption material when pressure variations occur.
  • n denotes the adsorbed amount of gas
  • p denotes the pressure of the gas.
  • the surface of the sorber should be as large as possible since the gas molecules adsorb primarily on the surface.
  • other parameters such as morphology, chemical structure, curvature of the surface, etc. is important for the sorption capacity of the material.
  • Tc critical temperature
  • a sorber with intrinsically non-porous material and low particle size is unsuitable for achieving a virtual acoustic enlargement of a resonance space.
  • a material is dried colloidal SiO 2 with a particle size of about 9 nm.
  • the binder particles should be of the same size because otherwise the amount of sorber particles per volume unit and hence the adsorbing surface per volume unit would decrease to a large extent.
  • a distance between sorber particles in nanometer range results in an undesired high acoustic resistance for the sorber.
  • larger particles can be used for building the sorber.
  • Zeolites are typically synthesized in particle sizes up to 10 ⁇ m. If these particles are glued to each other in a simple manner, the resulting acoustic resistance is too high due to low distances between the particles.
  • FIG. 4 shows a zeolite material 100 in accordance with embodiments of the herein disclosed subject matter.
  • the zeolite material 100 comprises zeolite particles, some of which are denoted by 102 in FIG. 4 .
  • the zeolite particles have internal, first pores 104 , indicated by the structure shown within the individual zeolite particles shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the zeolite particles are adhered together with a binder (not shown in FIG. 4 ).
  • second pores 106 are formed between the zeolite particles 102 .
  • the second pores 106 have a diameter of about 1 to 10 micrometer, as indicated in FIG. 4 . Due to the binder, the individual particles 102 in FIG. 4 are adhered together to form a grain 108 .
  • the zeolite particles 102 are drawn with a rectangular shape in FIG. 4 , the real zeolite particles may have a different form which depends on the actual structure of the zeolite particles.
  • FIG. 5 shows a plurality of grains 108 of the type shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the diameter of the grains 108 is about 0.5 mm to 0.6 mm in an embodiment.
  • Zeolite structures which can be synthesized in the form of pure SiO 2 or almost pure SiO 2 are for example the types DDR, FER, MFI or BEA.
  • the three letter code relates to the classification of zeolites according to the International Zeolite Association and can be obtained inter alia from http://www.iza-online.org/.
  • the code orders the zeolite according to their atomic structure.
  • a zeolite in the form of at least pure SiO 2 is characterized by a very low aluminium content, i.e. by a silicon to aluminium mass ratio over 200.
  • the zeolite type FER has the highest sorption capacity for nitrogen at room temperature among the investigated zeolites. Details of the experimental results are shown in FIG. 6 where the amount of adsorbed gas (nitrogen) A in millimol per milliliter (mmol/ml) is shown over the pressure p in millibar (mbar) for the zeolite types BEA, MFI, FER and DDR.
  • the pure silicon zeolites in powder form have been activated for 1 h at 500 degrees Celsius. Activation was performed to remove any possible residuals from the zeolite. The volume of zeolite was determined by measuring the mass of the zeolite and dividing the mass by the cristallographically determined density of the zeolite which is also known to the skilled person.
  • the zeolite type MFI With the zeolite type MFI only negligible aging processes occur due to environmental influences which lead to a likewise negligible reduction of the sorption capacity in the loudspeaker device. Hence, the zeolite MFI in its aging behaviour is comparable to the zeolite type FER.
  • zeolite type FER is a promising candidate for the application as a sorber material in a loudspeaker device in accordance with the herein disclosed subject-matter.
  • zeolites can be used for providing a zeolite material according to the herein disclosed subject matter.
  • zeolite types which can be produced in a hydrophobic form are as well suitable for providing a zeolite material according to the herein disclosed subject matter.
  • the zeolite types CHA, IHW, IWV, ITE, UTL, VET, MTW can also be produced as pure or doped SiO 2 modifications and have hydrophobic properties. Doping can be performed with, for example, elements of the fourth group of the periodic table, e.g. with germanium.
  • the particle size of the primary particles of the zeolite is advantageous below 10 ⁇ m.
  • the diameter of the primary particles is below 5 ⁇ m.
  • the diameter of the primary particles is below 2 ⁇ m.
  • the diameter of the primary particles is larger than 300 nm.
  • FIG. 10 exemplarily shows measurements of the electric impedance I in Ohm ( ⁇ ) over frequency f in Hertz (Hz) of a loudspeaker device with FER zeolite in powder application with different diameters of the primary particles.
  • I in Ohm ⁇
  • Hz Hertz
  • Curve ( 1 ) shows the impedance of the loudspeaker device with FER zeolite with a diameter of 5 ⁇ m.
  • Curve ( 2 ) of FIG. 10 corresponds to the empty resonance space and curve ( 3 ) corresponds the resonance space filled with FER zeolites with a diameter of the primary particles of about 100 ⁇ m. Since the zeolite was applied in powder form no more zeolite could be applied in the resonance space of the loudspeaker without considerable damping. From FIG. 10 it can be taken that for the primary particle diameter of 100 ⁇ m the obtained shift of the resonance maximum compared to the empty resonance space is lower than the shift of the resonance maximum for a diameter of the primary particles of 10 ⁇ m. Further, the full width at half maximum of the resonance peak is much larger for the larger primary particle size.
  • first method how a large amount of these macropores can be obtained is to use 44 g calcinated zeolite MFI in pure SiO 2 modification and with a primary particle size of 1 ⁇ m (diameter) and disperse this zeolite in 96% ethanol. Then, a polyacrylate suspension is provided in an amount such that the concentration of the polyacrylate in the solid product is 5%.
  • an initial, aqueous polyacrylate suspension was provided with a concentration of 11 weight % polyacrylate.
  • the polyacrylate suspension at first has been doubled in its volume with 96% ethanol and has been then added to the zeolite suspension under extensive stirring.
  • the resultant mixture was pured onto a plate of size 50 ⁇ 50 cm 2 and a temperature of 160 degrees Celsius within 3-4 seconds.
  • the resultant solid was then broken up with a cutting mill and fractionated with analysis sieves. Of the thus obtained solid a cumulative pore distribution was determined by mercury porosimetry. The result is shown in FIG.
  • curve ( 1 ) where the cumulative pore volume Vp in cubic millimeter per gram (mm 3 /g) is plotted over the pore diameter d in micrometer ( ⁇ m).
  • the cumulative pore volume means that the volume level is constant if no pore volume is present at a specific pore diameter. Hence a pore diameter distribution can be obtained from the first derivative of the cumulative pore volume (d(Vp)/d(d)).
  • results of a comparison material according to embodiments of the herein disclosed subject matter are also shown in FIG. 11 .
  • the comparison material has been obtained from dispensing 44 g calcinated zeolite MFI in pure SiO 2 modification and a primary particle size of 1 ⁇ m in water.
  • an aqueous polyacrylate suspension (11 weight % polyacrylate) was added such that a polymer portion related to the whole solid content was 5%.
  • the mixture was homogenized with a stirring device and was dried under stirring with hot air.
  • the resultant solid was broken with a cutting mill and fractionated with analysis sieves.
  • the cumulative pore volume over pore diameter of this material which was also obtained by mercury porosimetry is shown as curve ( 2 ) in FIG. 11 . From FIG. 11 it is apparent that the first method for preparation of the zeolite material leads to a considerable increase of the fraction of macropores with a diameter in the range of 1 ⁇ m-10 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 12 shows the electric impedance (I) measurements of both materials over frequency f, wherein curve ( 1 ) corresponds to the material with increased macropore fraction, curve ( 2 ) corresponds to the comparison material and curve ( 3 ) corresponds to the empty resonance space.
  • the material with the increased macropore fraction leads to a higher resonance shift, a higher increase of the virtual acoustic volume, and, at the same time, to reduced damping.
  • FIG. 13 sound pressure level (SPL) over frequency f measurements are shown for a commercially available micro-loudspeaker device type NXP RA11 ⁇ 15 ⁇ 3.5, the back volume (resonance space) of which amounts to 1 cm 2 .
  • Line 1 shows the frequency response of the loudspeaker device with empty resonance space
  • line 2 shows the frequency response of this loudspeaker device with activated carbon fibre web in the resonance space
  • line 3 shows the frequency response of the same loudspeaker device with the zeolite material with increased macropore fraction in the resonance space.
  • the resonance frequency shifts to the same extent by both materials, the activated carbon fibre web and the zeolite material with the increased macropore fraction, from 800 Hz down to 630 Hz. Also the damping of the two materials is comparable.
  • the zeolite material with the increased macropore fraction is an electrically non-conducting material and is not subjected to aging.
  • the individual constituents of the zeolite material referred to as grains herein, have a diameter between 0.1 mm and 0.9 mm and include a plurality of zeolite particles (see FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 above).
  • the grains have a diameter in the range of 0.4 mm and 0.7 mm.
  • the above referenced zeolite material with increased macropore fraction has a grain size of 0.3 mm.
  • different grain size fractions have been taken with respective sieves and electrical impedance spectra of these materials have been taken.
  • FIG. 14 shows the measured spectra (impedance I in Ohm over frequency f in Hertz). The respective grain diameters for the individual curves in FIG.
  • a grain size below 0.1 mm results in an undesirable movement of the grains in the loudspeaker which may result in non-linear distortions of the sound.
  • the acoustic resistance undesirably increases.
  • the sorber material contains less than 20% binder (polymer material). According to a further embodiment, the sorber material contains less than 10% binder. According to a further embodiment, the sorber material contains at least 1% binder. The binder glues the zeolite primary particles together. It has turned out in the experiments that for polymer fractions larger than 10% (in the solid-state), the virtual acoustic volume enlargement, that is achieved by introducing the material in the resonance space of the loudspeaker device, is below 1.5.
  • FIG. 15 shows electrical impedance (I) curves of materials with different polymer concentrations over frequency f.
  • the materials used for the spectra in FIG. 15 include zeolite particles of the zeolite with the increased macropore fraction obtained as described above (curve 1 in FIG. 11 ). Curve 1 of FIG. 15 is obtained for the zeolite material with 6% polymer and curve 2 of FIG. 15 is obtained for the zeolite material with 12% polymer. As is apparent from FIG. 15 , the higher polymer content leads to a smaller shift of the resonance frequency towards lower frequencies.
  • FIG. 16 shows a loudspeaker device 200 in accordance with embodiments of the herein disclosed subject matter.
  • the loudspeaker device 200 comprises a loudspeaker receptacle 202 for receiving a loudspeaker 3 .
  • the loudspeaker device 200 comprises a zeolite material 100 according to aspects and embodiments of the herein disclosed subject matter in a region 204 , e.g. a resonance space, that is exposed to sound generated by the loudspeaker 3 of the loudspeaker device 200 .
  • a loudspeaker device which includes a zeolite material comprising zeolite particles having a silicon to aluminum mass ratio of at least 200.
  • a zeolite material comprising zeolite particles having a silicon to aluminum mass ratio of at least 200.

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