WO2022161467A1 - 声学增强材料块及其应用、微型扬声器及电子设备 - Google Patents

声学增强材料块及其应用、微型扬声器及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022161467A1
WO2022161467A1 PCT/CN2022/074666 CN2022074666W WO2022161467A1 WO 2022161467 A1 WO2022161467 A1 WO 2022161467A1 CN 2022074666 W CN2022074666 W CN 2022074666W WO 2022161467 A1 WO2022161467 A1 WO 2022161467A1
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Prior art keywords
cavity
acoustic enhancement
enhancement material
speaker
front cavity
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2022/074666
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张磊
郭明波
龚畅
赵峻杰
马院红
刘仁坤
Original Assignee
镇江贝斯特新材料有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202120238557.4U external-priority patent/CN215040822U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202110116598.0A external-priority patent/CN114801343A/zh
Application filed by 镇江贝斯特新材料有限公司 filed Critical 镇江贝斯特新材料有限公司
Priority to KR1020237028857A priority Critical patent/KR20230137966A/ko
Priority to EP22745339.6A priority patent/EP4282641A4/en
Priority to JP2023546166A priority patent/JP2024504815A/ja
Publication of WO2022161467A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022161467A1/zh
Priority to US18/361,095 priority patent/US20230368765A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • G10K11/168—Plural layers of different materials, e.g. sandwiches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
    • C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
    • C01B39/026—After-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
    • C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
    • C01B39/36—Pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11
    • C01B39/38—Type ZSM-5
    • C01B39/40—Type ZSM-5 using at least one organic template directing agent
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H04R1/021—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein incorporating only one transducer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2811—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements for loudspeaker transducers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/718—Weight, e.g. weight per square meter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B32B29/002—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B29/005—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material next to another layer of paper or cardboard layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B32B29/08—Corrugated paper or cardboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
    • H04R2499/10—General applications
    • H04R2499/11—Transducers incorporated or for use in hand-held devices, e.g. mobile phones, PDA's, camera's

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of loudspeakers, in particular to an acoustic enhancement material block and its application, a miniature loudspeaker and an electronic device.
  • the high frequency frequency response FR curve of the loudspeaker is often not flat and the frequency band width.
  • the method of adding a front cavity resonator is mostly adopted.
  • the peak value (Q value) is likely to be high, so that the high-frequency FR curve cannot reach the ideal state.
  • Adding a front cavity resonator, or adding a filter structure to the front cavity resonator increases the cost of the mold, and at the same time, it is also limited by the product ID design.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an acoustic enhancement material block and its application, a micro speaker and an electronic device.
  • the micro speaker can effectively improve the high frequency performance curve of the speaker by filling the acoustic enhancement material in the front cavity resonant cavity.
  • the flatness of the micro speaker is simple, and the difficulty of the mold can be reduced.
  • the present invention provides an acoustic enhancement material block
  • the raw material of the acoustic enhancement material block includes porous material, skeleton material, adhesive and auxiliary agent
  • the structural skeleton of the acoustic enhancement material block is composed of a single-layer skeleton
  • the material is composed of, or is composed of two or more layers of skeleton materials alternately stacked, and the porous material, the adhesive and the auxiliary are supported in the structural skeleton.
  • the alternating stacking refers to that two or more single-layer skeleton materials are arranged in layers along a uniform direction.
  • the acoustic enhancement material block refers to a material that can improve the acoustic performance of a loudspeaker and other devices, generally can increase the acoustic virtual volume of the loudspeaker and other devices, and reduce the lowest resonance frequency of the loudspeaker device.
  • the porous material, adhesives and adjuvants may be located on the surface of the framework material and/or penetrate into the internal voids of the monolayer framework material.
  • the acoustic enhancement material block based on the total mass of the acoustic enhancement material block as 100%, the acoustic enhancement material block generally includes 5-15% skeleton material, 2-10% adhesive, 0.05-2%
  • the auxiliary agent and the balance are porous materials, wherein the mass content of the adhesive in the block of the acoustic enhancement material is calculated based on the solid mass of the adhesive.
  • the block of acoustic enhancement material may be a single block and/or a block formed by stacking two or more blocks of acoustic enhancement material (generally layered thin blocks).
  • the block of acoustic enhancing material may be prepared by roasting, drying or lyophilizing.
  • the porous material may include one or a combination of two or more of zeolite, activated carbon, and MOF materials.
  • the Si (silicon)/M mass ratio of the zeolite is generally more than 200, wherein the M is generally a trivalent metal element, that is, a metal element with a positive trivalent state, such as iron, One or a combination of two or more of aluminum and titanium.
  • the zeolite may include MFI structured molecular sieves, FER structured molecular sieves, CHA structured molecular sieves, IHW structured molecular sieves, IWV structured molecular sieves, ITE structured molecular sieves, UTL structured molecular sieves, VET structured molecular sieves, MEL structured molecular sieves and MTW One or a combination of two or more structural molecular sieves.
  • the sizing agent may include an organic sizing agent and/or an inorganic sizing agent.
  • the organic adhesive may include polyacrylate suspension, polystyrene acetate suspension, polyethylene acetate suspension, polyethyl One or a combination of two or more of butadiene rubber suspensions.
  • the inorganic adhesive may include one or a combination of two or more of silica sol, alumina sol, and pseudo-boehmite (eg, SB powder).
  • the auxiliary agent may include one or a combination of two or more of CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose), montmorillonite, kaolin, attapulgite, and mica powder.
  • the skeleton material is generally a fiber material, usually including one or a combination of two or more of fiber paper, fiber cloth and fiber mat.
  • the skeleton material is generally composed of alternate layers of layered and/or corrugated fiber paper, fiber cloth and fiber mat, and FIG. way of stacking.
  • the corrugated height of the corrugated fiber paper, fiber cloth and fiber mat is generally 0.2mm-2mm.
  • the skeleton material may include chemical fibers, and specifically, the skeleton material may be prepared from chemical fibers by one of blending, bonding or wet forming.
  • the grammage per unit area of the framework material is generally 10 g/m 2 -100 g/m 2 .
  • the diameter of a single fiber in the chemical fiber is generally 2 ⁇ m-40 ⁇ m.
  • the chemical fibers generally use composite fibers, and in some specific embodiments, the chemical fibers may include inorganic fibers and/or synthetic fibers.
  • the inorganic fibers may include glass fibers and/or ceramic fibers
  • the synthetic fibers may include one or a combination of two or more of polyester, nylon, acrylic, polypropylene, vinylon, and vinyl.
  • the chemical fibers can be surface-treated to increase their properties, for example, a silane coupling agent is used to modify the surface of the chemical fibers.
  • the present invention further provides the application of the above-mentioned acoustic enhancement material block in a micro speaker.
  • the acoustic enhancement material block When the acoustic enhancement material block is filled in the cavity of the micro speaker, the acoustic volume of the micro speaker cavity can be virtually enlarged and the resonant frequency of the speaker can be lowered.
  • the acoustic enhancement material block has a layered structure and high mechanical properties, and is generally a block, it has better performance and reliability in application, no additional holes are required, and the risk of powder falling failure is reduced.
  • the present invention also provides a miniature speaker, wherein the miniature speaker comprises an upper shell, a lower shell and a speaker unit, the upper shell and the lower shell form an inner cavity, the speaker unit is located in the inner cavity, and the upper shell
  • One side of the speaker is provided with a sound outlet; the inner cavity is divided into a front cavity and a rear cavity, wherein the front cavity is the cavity between the top of the speaker and the upper shell, and the front cavity is communicated with the sound outlet
  • the interior of the micro-speaker is also provided with a front cavity resonant cavity, the front cavity resonant cavity is provided with a ventilation hole communicating with the front cavity, and the front cavity resonant cavity is filled with acoustic enhancing materials.
  • the upper shell and the lower shell are generally hermetically bonded (eg, bonded with glue) to form an inner cavity, wherein the upper shell is the top shell and the side shell of the micro-speaker, and the lower shell is the top shell and the side shell of the micro-speaker.
  • the shell is the bottom shell of the miniature speaker, and the inner cavity formed by the combination of the upper shell and the lower shell can accommodate the speaker unit.
  • the speaker unit may be fixed to the side wall of the upper casing, and a space is generally left between the top of the speaker unit and the upper casing (in some specific implementations, the space is included in the front cavity).
  • a buffer material such as foam is generally filled between the bottom of the speaker unit and the lower shell.
  • the height of the top of the speaker unit inside the micro-speaker matches the height of the opening of the sound outlet.
  • the boundary of the front cavity is the vertical plane where the side of the speaker unit relative to the sound outlet hole is located and the horizontal plane where the top of the speaker unit is located.
  • the front cavity can be regarded as the cavity between the speaker unit and the upper shell, and the rear cavity is the cavity of the remaining part of the inner cavity.
  • the vent hole is used to communicate the front cavity resonant cavity and the front cavity.
  • the present invention does not make specific requirements on the size and position of the vent hole, and those skilled in the art can use it according to the actual situation. It is necessary to determine the appropriate size and position of the vent hole, as long as it is ensured that the purpose of the present invention can be achieved.
  • the vent hole may be provided at the port of the front cavity resonant cavity, specifically, may be provided in the center or side of the front cavity resonant cavity.
  • the shape of the vent hole of the front cavity resonant cavity may be one of square, rectangle, circle, rhombus, and ellipse.
  • the position of the front cavity resonant cavity is generally not lower than the position of the speaker unit in the vertical direction, that is, generally located above the speaker or parallel to the speaker unit.
  • the resonant cavity of the front cavity may be provided in the upper case above the front cavity, for example, in the upper case above the center or the periphery of the front cavity.
  • the front cavity resonator may be disposed around the speaker unit.
  • a limiting protrusion may be provided on the inner top surface of the upper shell, and the limiting protrusion is used to separate the front cavity and the rear cavity so that the two cannot be connected.
  • the limiting protrusions are generally arranged in a vertical downward direction along the side edge of the speaker, and the height thereof matches the distance from the top of the speaker unit to the top of the upper micro-speaker.
  • the limiting protrusion, the top of the speaker unit and the upper shell together form the front cavity.
  • the resonant cavity of the front cavity can also be arranged in the upper shell above the rear cavity, and communicated with the front cavity through the ventilation hole.
  • the first blocking wall and the second blocking wall inside the micro-speaker are generally fixed by connecting with the inner wall of the side shell.
  • the upper shell can be regarded as including a first shell and a second shell, the first shell is the top shell of the micro-speaker, and the second shell (or middle shell) is composed of
  • the side shell of the micro-speaker is composed of a first retaining wall and a second retaining wall.
  • the first blocking wall is used to separate the front cavity and the rear cavity, and the boundary of the front cavity includes the vertical plane where the first blocking wall is located, the top surface of the speaker and the first shell
  • the front cavity is formed by surrounding the first blocking wall, the top of the speaker unit, the first shell and the side shell of the micro-speaker, and the rear cavity is the cavity other than the front cavity in the inner cavity.
  • the second blocking wall is used to separate the front cavity resonant cavity and the back cavity, so as to ensure that there is no conduction between the front cavity resonant cavity and the back cavity.
  • the first shell and the second shell can be sealed and fixed by bonding, ultrasonic welding, or the like.
  • the inner side wall of the upper casing may further include a boss (generally an annular boss) for fixing the speaker.
  • a boss generally an annular boss
  • the boss can be regarded as a part of the second shell, and the boss can abut on the first blocking wall and the outlet.
  • the boss is generally arranged in the middle of the micro-speaker.
  • the speaker unit may include a vibrating diaphragm, a voice coil assembly fixedly connected with the vibrating diaphragm, and a magnetic circuit system, and the edge of the vibrating diaphragm is fixed on the magnetic circuit system.
  • the front cavity resonant cavity is located above the front cavity, the horizontal plane where the vibrating diaphragm of the speaker unit is located forms a front cavity with the upper shell; when the front cavity resonant cavity is located above the rear cavity, that is, the micro-speaker includes
  • the first blocking wall and the second blocking wall are used, the horizontal plane where the vibrating diaphragm of the speaker unit is located and the space between the first shell and the second shell form a front cavity.
  • the volume of the acoustic enhancement material is generally controlled to be 10-90%, preferably 40-60%, of the total volume of the resonant cavity of the front cavity.
  • the position of the acoustic enhancement material in the resonant cavity of the front cavity may be close to the vent hole, or may be far away from the vent hole.
  • the acoustic enhancement material may comprise the above-mentioned acoustic enhancement material blocks (generally blocks) and/or acoustic enhancement material particles.
  • the acoustic enhancement material particles may be the zeolite materials disclosed in Application No. 201510388038.5 (Publication No.: CN105049997A, Title of Invention: Loudspeaker System with Improved Sound), etc. The full text of the above patent application is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the interior of the front-cavity resonant cavity may further be provided with a buffer material that fits the inner wall of the cavity.
  • a mesh cloth may also be provided at the vent hole, and the mesh cloth is used to separate the particles of the acoustic enhancement material from the particles of the acoustic enhancement material. the front cavity, while preventing the particles of the acoustic enhancement material from falling off the resonant cavity of the front cavity.
  • the acoustic enhancement material block can also be filled in other positions in the rear cavity except the resonant cavity of the front cavity, so as to virtually expand the volume of the rear cavity and further improve the low frequency performance of the speaker.
  • the present invention further provides an electronic device comprising the above-mentioned micro-speaker.
  • the acoustic enhancement material block provided by the present invention uses a skeleton material as a carrier, and by directly loading additives such as porous materials on the carrier, the performance fluctuation of the acoustic enhancement material block due to the difficulty of dispersing the additives during the preparation process is avoided; at the same time,
  • the application of the skeleton material can greatly enhance the mechanical strength of the acoustic enhancement material block; the addition of additives can significantly improve the anti-drop reliability of the acoustic enhancement material block and stabilize the performance of the acoustic enhancement material block.
  • the pores between the layered acoustic enhancement material blocks and the pores between the laminated skeleton materials in the acoustic enhancement material blocks provide sufficient airflow channels, Allows sufficient interaction between the gas and the block of acoustic enhancement material.
  • This method can not only ensure the excellent mechanical properties of the acoustic enhancement material block, which is conducive to improving the acoustic properties of the loudspeaker, but also avoid additional holes in the acoustic enhancement material block, thereby reducing the risk of fragmentation and powder falling of the acoustic enhancement material block.
  • the miniature loudspeaker provided by the present invention by filling a certain proportion of the acoustic enhancement material block in the front cavity resonant cavity, the flatness of the high frequency performance curve of the loudspeaker with the front cavity resonant cavity can be effectively improved, and the improvement is high.
  • the method of setting the flatness of the frequency performance curve is more effective than the method of setting the filtering structure.
  • the micro-speaker provided by the present invention has a simple manufacturing process and can reduce the difficulty of the mold.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of the alternate stacking of framework materials in some embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the acoustic enhancement block of Embodiment 1 when it is located in the resonant cavity of the front cavity.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the micro-speaker of the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the micro-speaker of Embodiment 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the micro-speaker of Embodiment 3.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a micro-speaker according to Embodiment 3.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a micro-speaker according to Embodiment 3.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 5 .
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B in FIG. 5 .
  • FIG. 9 is a performance test curve of the micro-speaker of Example 2 and Comparative Example 1.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as “first” or “second” may expressly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
  • “plurality” means two or more, unless otherwise expressly and specifically defined.
  • This embodiment provides an acoustic enhancement material block.
  • the material includes 6.4% polyacrylate suspension, 0.1% CMC, 12.6% skeleton material, and the balance is porous material .
  • the porous material used is MFI structural molecular sieve, and its Si/M mass ratio is 350, wherein M is aluminum;
  • the skeleton material used is formed by alternately stacking layered fiber paper, and the fiber paper is made of chopped alkali-free glass fibers passing through It is obtained by wet process, and it is surface-treated with silane coupling agent KH550.
  • the basis weight of the fiber paper was 25 g/m 2 and the fiber diameter was 7 ⁇ m.
  • the fiber paper is first cut into a size and shape suitable for the speaker cavity to be filled, and then the polyacrylate suspension, CMC and MFI molecular sieve are mixed to form a uniform slurry, and the slurry is used
  • the cut fiber paper is fully impregnated to obtain a single-layer sheet of acoustic enhancement material.
  • a plurality of fiber papers can also be alternately stacked to obtain an acoustic enhancement material block with a multi-layer structural skeleton.
  • the internal structure of the block can be as shown in FIG. 1 . It is composed of alternate layers of corrugated glass fibers, and additives such as MFI molecular sieve are located between the layers of the structural skeleton and penetrate into the interior of the structural skeleton.
  • an acoustic enhancement material block with interlayer gap holes can be obtained.
  • FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are schematic structural diagrams of the micro-speaker.
  • the micro-speaker includes an upper shell 1 , a lower shell 2 and a speaker unit 4 .
  • the upper shell 1 and the lower shell 2 are glued together to form a sealed inner cavity.
  • the upper shell 1 and the lower shell 2 together form a rectangular shell of the micro-speaker.
  • the lower shell 2 is the bottom shell of the micro-speaker.
  • the upper shell 1 is the top shell and the side shell of the micro speaker, and the top and the side of the upper shell 1 are integrally formed.
  • One side surface of the upper shell 1 is provided with a sound outlet 7 .
  • the inner top surface of the upper shell 1 is provided with three vertically downward limiting protrusions 61, the limiting protrusions 61 are located on the opposite side and the adjacent side of the sound outlet 7, and the height of the limiting protrusions 61 is less than the height of the inner cavity,
  • the horizontal distance between the limiting protrusions 61 matches the radial dimension of the speaker unit 4 .
  • the speaker unit 4 is located in the inner cavity, and is filled with foam between the lower part and the lower shell 2 , and the top edge of the speaker unit 4 is fixed between the plurality of limiting protrusions 61 by glue bonding.
  • the speaker unit 4 includes a vibrating diaphragm 41, a voice coil assembly and a magnetic circuit system (not shown in the figure) fixedly connected to the vibrating diaphragm 41.
  • the vibrating diaphragm 41 is located on the top of the speaker unit 4, and the edge of the vibrating diaphragm 41 is fixed on the on the magnetic circuit system.
  • the edge of the vibrating diaphragm 41 is provided with a fixing member extending outward, and the fixing member is clamped and fixed with the limiting protrusion 61 .
  • the space between the vibrating diaphragm 41 , the limiting protrusion 61 and the top shell of the upper shell 1 forms the front cavity 6
  • the remaining space in the inner cavity is the rear cavity 5 .
  • the rear cavity 5 includes the side of the speaker unit 4 away from the sound outlet 7 , the limiting protrusion 61 , the cavity between the upper shell 1 and the lower shell 2 , and the two sides and side shells of the speaker unit 4 (the adjacent side of the sound exit hole) between the cavity.
  • the upper shell 1 located above the center of the front cavity 6 is provided with a front cavity resonant cavity 8, one side port of the front cavity resonant cavity 8 is provided with a vent hole 81, and the vent hole 81 passes between the front cavity resonant cavity 8 and the front cavity 6 Connected.
  • the side of the front cavity resonant cavity 8 away from the vent hole 81 is filled with the acoustic enhancement material block 82 of Embodiment 1, and the volume of the acoustic enhancement material block 82 is 50% of the volume of the front cavity resonant cavity 8 .
  • the shape of the acoustic enhancement material block 82 used in this embodiment is to fit the shape of the cavity shell of the front cavity resonant cavity 8 , and the specific filling state in the front cavity resonant cavity 8 is shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the interior of the front cavity resonant cavity 8 may also be provided with a buffer material that fits the inner wall of the cavity.
  • the block 82 of the acoustic enhancement material can also be replaced with other acoustic enhancement materials in the form of particles.
  • the ventilation hole 81 of the front cavity resonator 8 can also be provided with a mesh cloth for spacing the acoustic enhancement material particles and the front cavity 6 , while preventing the particles of the acoustic enhancement material from falling off the resonant cavity 8 of the front cavity.
  • FIG. 5 to FIG. 8 are schematic structural diagrams of the micro-speaker.
  • the micro-speaker includes an upper casing 1 , a lower casing 2 and a speaker unit 4 .
  • the upper shell 1 and the lower shell 2 are bonded to form a sealed inner cavity.
  • the upper shell 1 and the lower shell 2 together form a rectangular shell of the micro speaker.
  • the upper shell 1 is the top shell, the side shell and the inner shell of the micro-speaker, and the lower shell 2 is the bottom shell of the micro-speaker.
  • the upper casing 1 of this embodiment is further provided with a first blocking wall 91 , a second blocking wall 92 and an annular boss 93 on the basis of the upper casing 1 in the second embodiment.
  • the upper casing 1 of this embodiment includes a first casing 11 and a second casing 31 .
  • the first shell 11 is the top shell of the micro-speaker
  • the second shell (or middle shell) 31 includes the side shell (hereinafter referred to as the "side shell") of the micro-speaker, the side shell fixed on the side shell.
  • the inner wall has a first blocking wall 91 , a second blocking wall 92 and an annular boss 93 .
  • One side surface of the second housing 31 is provided with a sound outlet 7 .
  • the first blocking wall 91 and the second blocking wall 92 are provided along the direction in which the upper casing 11 extends to the lower casing 2 .
  • the first retaining wall 91 is linear.
  • the annular boss 93 is arranged between the side shell and the first blocking wall 91 .
  • the vertical distance between the annular boss 93 and the first housing 11 substantially matches the vertical height of the first blocking wall 91 .
  • the speaker unit 4 is fixed inside the micro-speaker by embedding the annular boss 93 , a space is left between the top surface of the speaker unit 4 and the first housing 11 , and foam is filled between the bottom surface of the speaker unit 4 and the lower housing 2 .
  • the speaker unit 4 includes a vibrating diaphragm 41, a voice coil assembly and a magnetic circuit system (not shown in the figure) fixedly connected to the vibrating diaphragm 41.
  • the vibrating diaphragm 41 is located on the top of the speaker unit 4, and the edge of the diaphragm 41 is on the magnetic circuit system.
  • the edge of the vibrating diaphragm 41 is provided with a fixing member extending outward, and the fixing member is clamped and fixed with the first blocking wall 91 .
  • the cavity between the side shell where the sound outlet 7 is located, the first shell 11 , the speaker unit 4 and the first retaining wall 91 is the front cavity 6
  • the cavity other than the front cavity 6 in the inner cavity is the rear cavity 5
  • the rear cavity 5 includes a vertical plane on the side of the first blocking wall 91 away from the sound outlet 7 , a cavity between the first casing 11 , the lower casing 2 and the side casings, and the first blocking wall
  • the side of 91 away from the sound outlet 7 is located on the vertical plane and is located in the cavity between the vibrating diaphragm 41 and the lower shell 2 .
  • the second blocking wall 92 is in the shape of a broken line, which is located in the rear cavity 5 and surrounds the side shell, the first blocking wall 91 and the first shell 11 to form the front cavity resonant cavity 8 .
  • the front cavity resonant cavity 8 is disposed close to the speaker unit 4 and is located on the side of the rear cavity 5 close to the front cavity.
  • the front cavity resonance cavity 8 is provided with a ventilation hole 81 at the first blocking wall 91 , and the front cavity resonance cavity 8 and the front cavity 6 communicate with each other through the ventilation hole 81 .
  • the opening size of the vent hole 81 is smaller than the height of the resonant cavity of the front cavity.
  • the side of the front cavity resonant cavity 8 away from the vent hole 81 is filled with the acoustic enhancement material block 82 of Embodiment 1, and the volume of the acoustic enhancement material block 82 is 50% of the volume of the front cavity resonant cavity 8 .
  • the shape of the acoustic enhancement material block 82 used in this embodiment is to fit the shape of the cavity shell of the front cavity resonant cavity 8 , and the specific filling state in the front cavity resonant cavity 8 can be shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the inside of the front cavity resonant cavity 8 may also be provided with a buffer material that fits the cavity wall thereof.
  • the block 82 of the acoustic enhancement material can also be replaced with other acoustic enhancement materials in the form of particles.
  • the ventilation holes 81 of the front cavity resonator 8 can also be provided with mesh cloths for separating the particles from the front cavity. cavity 6 , while preventing the particles of the acoustic enhancement material from falling out of the front cavity resonator cavity 8 .
  • This comparative example provides a micro-speaker whose structure is basically the same as that of the micro-speaker in Example 2, except that the front cavity resonant cavity 8 in the micro-speaker of this comparative example is not filled with any material (including the implementation of Acoustic-enhancing material block of Example 1 or other acoustic-enhancing material).
  • the performance test of the micro-speaker of Example 2 and the micro-speaker of Comparative Example 1 is carried out, and the measured high-frequency frequency response curve is shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the high-frequency performance curve of the microspeaker (Example 2) filled with the acoustic enhancement material block in the front cavity resonant cavity is better than that of the microspeaker without the acoustic enhancement material block (Comparative Example 1). It is flat, indicating that filling the acoustic enhancement material block in the front cavity resonator has a great effect on improving the sound quality of the micro-speaker.

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Abstract

本发明提供一种声学增强材料块及其应用、微型扬声器及电子设备。声学增强材料块的原料包括负载在结构骨架中多孔材料、胶黏剂和助剂。微型扬声器包括形成内腔的上壳、下壳和位于内腔中的扬声器单元，内腔分为前腔和后腔，前腔与出声孔连通；上壳中设有与前腔连通的、填充有声学增强材料的前腔谐振腔。

Description

声学增强材料块及其应用、微型扬声器及电子设备 技术领域
本发明涉及扬声器技术领域，尤其涉及一种声学增强材料块及其应用、微型扬声器及电子设备。
背景技术
随着手机终端设备的不断发展，用户对手机音频质量要求也越来越高，除了整体响度之外，用户对声音品质的要求也在逐步提升。微型扬声器的高频性能、其频带宽度、不平坦性，严重影响了用户对音乐品味及细节的体验。
由于前声腔谐振及单元球顶共振的存在，导致扬声器的高频频响FR曲线往往不平坦及频带宽度。为了解决这一问题，多数采用添加前腔谐振腔的办法。但是这种方式，容易导致峰值(Q值)偏高，使高频FR的曲线达不到理想的状态。
目前，改善微型扬声器高频性能不平坦，以及性能低的技术手段较为单一。例如：
1、单纯通过前声腔及出声孔的结构尺寸进行改善，但是容易受限于产品的即定ID设计；
2、应用相应音频算法，对高频进行修正，但容易造成音效“失真”，失去自然感；
3、添加前腔谐振腔，或者前腔谐振腔内添加滤波结构，增加模具成本，同时，也会受到产品即定ID设计的限制。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种声学增强材料块及其应用、微型扬声器及电子设备，该微型扬声器通过在前腔谐振腔中填充声学增强材料，能够有效改善扬声器高频性能曲线的平坦度，且该微型扬声器制作过程简单，能够降低模具难度。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供了一种声学增强材料块，该声学增强材料块的原料包括多孔材料、骨架材料、胶黏剂和助剂，所述声学增强材料块的结构骨架由单层骨架材料构成、或由两层以上的骨架材料交替层叠构成，所述多孔材料、胶黏剂和助剂负载在所述结构骨架中。
在上述声学增强材料块中，所述交替层叠是指两个以上的单层骨架材料沿统一方向按层排布。
在本发明的具体实施方案中，所述声学增强材料块是指能够提高扬声器等装置的声学性能的材料，一般可以增大扬声器等装置的声学虚拟体积，降低扬声器装置的最低谐 振频率。
在本发明的具体实施方案中，所述多孔材料、胶黏剂和助剂可以位于所述骨架材料的表面和/或渗透在单层骨架材料的内部空隙中。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，以所述声学增强材料块的总质量为100％计，所述声学增强材料块一般包括5-15％骨架材料、2-10％胶黏剂、0.05-2％助剂、余量为多孔材料，其中，所述胶黏剂在声学增强材料块中的质量含量是以所述胶黏剂的固体质量计算得到的。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，所述声学增强材料块可以是单个块体和/或由两个以上声学增强材料块(一般是层状的薄块)层叠形成的块体。在一些实施方案中，所述声学增强材料块可以通过焙烧、烘干或冻干方法制得。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，所述多孔材料可以包括沸石、活性炭、MOF材料中的一种或两种以上的组合。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，所述沸石的Si(硅)/M质量比一般为200以上，其中，所述M一般为三价金属元素，即具有正三价态的金属元素，例如是铁、铝、钛中的一种或两种以上的组合。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，所述沸石可以包括MFI结构分子筛、FER结构分子筛、CHA结构分子筛、IHW结构分子筛、IWV结构分子筛、ITE结构分子筛、UTL结构分子筛、VET结构分子筛、MEL结构分子筛和MTW结构分子筛中的一种或两种以上的组合。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，所述胶黏剂可以包括有机胶黏剂和/或无机胶黏剂。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，所述有机胶黏剂可以包括聚丙烯酸酯悬浮液、聚苯乙烯醋酸盐悬浮液、聚乙烯醋酸盐悬浮液、聚乙基乙烯醋酸盐悬浮液、聚丁二橡胶悬浮液中的一种或两种以上的组合。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，所述无机胶黏剂可以包括硅溶胶、铝溶胶、拟薄水铝石(例如SB粉)中的一种或两种以上的组合。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，所述助剂可以包括CMC(羧甲基纤维素)、蒙脱土、高岭土、凹凸棒土、云母粉中的一种或两种以上的组合。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，通过添加骨架材料形成结构骨架，可以有效提高所述声学增强材料块的机械性能。所述骨架材料一般是纤维材料，通常包括纤维纸、纤维布和纤维毡中的一种或两种以上的组合。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，所述骨架材料一般由层状和/或瓦楞状的纤维纸、纤维布和纤维毡交替层叠构成，图1示意了其中一种由层状和瓦楞状纤维材料交替堆叠的方式。在一些具体实施方案中，所述瓦楞状的纤维纸、纤维布和纤维毡的瓦楞高度一般为0.2mm-2mm。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，所述骨架材料可以包括化学纤维，具体地，所述骨架材料可以是由化学纤维通过混纺、粘合或湿法成形中的一种方式制备得到的。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，所述骨架材料的单位面积克重一般为10g/m 2-100g/m 2。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，所述化学纤维中的单根纤维的直径一般为2μm-40μm。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，所述化学纤维一般采用复合纤维，在一些具体实施方案中，所述化学纤维可以包括无机纤维和/或合成纤维。所述无机纤维可以包括玻璃纤维和/或陶瓷纤维，所述合成纤维可以包括涤纶、锦纶、腈纶、丙纶、维纶、氯纶中的一种或两种以上的组合。在一些具体实施方案中，所述化学纤维可以经过表面处理以增加其性能，例如采用硅烷偶联剂对化学纤维的表面进行改性处理。
本发明进一步提供了上述声学增强材料块在微型扬声器中的应用，当所述声学增强材料块填充在微型扬声器的腔体中时，能够虚拟扩大微型扬声器腔体的声学体积，降低扬声器的谐振频率，同时，由于该声学增强材料块具有层状结构和较高的机械性能，且一般为块体，其在应用时具有较优的性能及可靠性，无需额外设置孔道，降低落粉失效风险。
本发明还提供了一种微型扬声器，其中，所述微型扬声器包括上壳、下壳和扬声器单元，所述上壳与下壳形成内腔，所述扬声器单元位于内腔中，所述上壳的一侧设有出声孔；所述内腔分为前腔和后腔，其中，所述前腔为扬声器顶部与上壳之间的腔体，所述前腔与所述出声孔连通；所述微型扬声器的内部还设有前腔谐振腔，所述前腔谐振腔设有与所述前腔连通的通气孔，所述前腔谐振腔中填充声学增强材料。
在本发明的具体实施方案中，所述上壳和下壳一般密封结合(例如用胶体结合)形成内腔，其中，所述上壳为微型扬声器的顶部壳体和侧面壳体，所述下壳为微型扬声器的底部壳体，所述上壳和下壳结合形成的内腔可以容纳扬声器单元。所述扬声器单元可以固定于上壳的侧壁，并且扬声器单元的顶部与上壳之间一般留有空间(在一些具体实施方案中，该空间即包含于所述前腔)。扬声器单元的底部与下壳之间一般填充有泡棉等缓冲材料。所述扬声器单元的顶部在微型扬声器内部的高度与所述出声孔的开口高度相匹配。则前腔的边界为扬声器单元相对于所述出声孔的一侧所在的竖直面与扬声器单 元顶部所在的水平面。此时前腔可以看作是所述扬声器单元与所述上壳之间的腔体，所述后腔即为内腔剩余部分的腔体。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，所述通气孔用于连通所述前腔谐振腔与所述前腔，本发明对所述通气孔的大小和位置不做具体要求，本领域技术人员可根据实际需要确定所述通气孔合适的大小和位置，只要保证可实现本发明的目的即可。所述通气孔可以设于所述前腔谐振腔的端口，具体可以设于前腔谐振腔的中心或侧面。所述前腔谐振腔的通气孔的形状可以是方形、长方形、圆形、菱形、椭圆形中的一种。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，所述前腔谐振腔的位置在竖直方向上一般不低于所述扬声器单元的位置，即一般位于所述扬声器的上方或者平行于所述扬声器单元设置。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，所述前腔谐振腔可以设于所述前腔上方的上壳之中，例如设于所述前腔中心上方或周边上方的上壳之中。所述前腔谐振腔可以围绕所述扬声器单元设置。此时，所述上壳的内部顶面可以设有限位凸起，所述限位凸起用于分隔所述前腔和后腔、使二者不能导通。具体地，所述限位凸起一般为竖直向下方向、沿所述扬声器的侧面边缘设置，其高度与扬声器单元顶部至上微型扬声器顶部的距离相匹配。所述限位凸起与所述扬声器单元的顶部、上壳共同包围形成所述前腔。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，所述前腔谐振腔还可以设于后腔上方的上壳之中、通过所述通气孔与所述前腔连通，此时所述上壳还包括设于所述微型扬声器内部的第一挡墙和第二挡墙，所述第一挡墙和第二挡墙一般通过与侧面壳体内壁连接的方式固定。此时，所述上壳可以看作包括第一壳体和第二壳体，所述第一壳体为所述微型扬声器的顶部外壳，所述第二壳体(或称：中壳)由微型扬声器的侧面壳体、第一挡墙和第二挡墙组成。所述第一挡墙用于分隔所述前腔和后腔，此时所述前腔的边界包括所述第一挡墙所在的竖直面、所述扬声器的顶面以及所述第一壳体，即，第一挡墙、扬声器单元的顶部、第一壳体与微型扬声器的侧面壳体包围形成所述前腔，后腔即为内腔中除前腔以外的腔体。所述第二挡墙用于分隔所述前腔谐振腔与所述后腔，以保证前腔谐振腔与后腔之间不能导通。在一些具体实施方案中，所述第一壳体与第二壳体可以通过粘结、超声焊接等方式进行密封固定。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，所述上壳的内侧壁还可以进一步包括用于固定所述扬声器的凸台(一般为环形凸台)。当所述上壳包括第一壳体与第二壳体时，所述凸台可以看作是所述第二壳体的一部分，所述凸台可以抵接在第一挡墙与所述出声孔所在的侧面壳体之间和/或出声孔邻侧的侧面壳体之间。在竖直方向上，所述凸台一般设于微型扬 声器的中部。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，所述扬声器单元可以包括振动膜片、与振动膜片固定连接的音圈组件及磁路系统，所述振动膜片的边缘固定于磁路系统上。当所述前腔谐振腔位于前腔上方时，所述扬声器单元的振动膜片所在的水平面与上壳形成前腔；当所述前腔谐振腔位于后腔上方时、即所述微型扬声器包括第一挡墙和第二挡墙时，所述扬声器单元的振动膜片所在的水平面与第一壳体、第二壳体之间的空间形成前腔。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，所述声学增强材料的体积一般控制为前腔谐振腔总体积的10-90％、优选为40-60％。在一些具体实施方案中，所述声学增强材料在前腔谐振腔中的位置可以是靠近所述通气孔，也可以是远离所述通气孔。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，所述声学增强材料可以包括上述声学增强材料块(一般为块体)和/或声学增强材料颗粒。所述声学增强材料颗粒可以是申请号为201510388038.5(公开号：CN105049997A，发明名称：声音改进的扬声器系统)中公开的沸石材料等，将上述专利申请的全文引入这里作为参考。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，当所述前腔谐振腔中填充有所述声学增强材料块时，所述前腔谐振腔的内部还可以设有贴合腔体内壁的缓冲材料。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，当所述前腔谐振腔中填充有声学增强材料颗粒时，所述通气孔处还可以设有网布，所述网布用于间隔所述声学增强材料颗粒与前腔，同时避免所述声学增强材料颗粒由前腔谐振腔中脱落。
根据本发明的具体实施方案，所述声学增强材料块还可以填充于后腔中除前腔谐振腔以外的其他位置，以虚拟扩大后腔的体积，进一步提升扬声器低频性能。
本发明进一步提供了一种电子设备，其包括上述微型扬声器。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1、本发明提供的声学增强材料块采用骨架材料作为载体，通过在载体上直接负载多孔材料等添加剂的方式、避免了制备过程中因添加剂难以分散而导致声学增强材料块的性能波动；同时，骨架材料的应用可以大幅增强声学增强材料块的机械强度；助剂的添加可以明显提高所述声学增强材料块的抗跌落可靠性，稳定声学增强材料块的性能。
2、将薄片状的声学增强材料块堆叠为整体使用时，在层状的声学增强材料块之间的孔隙、以及声学增强材料块中层叠的骨架材料之间的孔隙提供了足够的气流通道，使气体与声学增强材料块之间可以充分作用。该方式不仅可以确保声学增强材料块的机械性能优良、有利于提高扬声器声学性质，还能避免在声学增强材料块中额外设置孔道， 降低声学增强材料块碎裂、落粉的风险。
3、在本发明提供的微型扬声器中，通过在前腔谐振腔中填充一定比例的声学增强材料块，能够有效改善带有前腔谐振腔扬声器高频性能曲线的平坦度，且这种改善高频性能曲线平坦度的方式相比于设置滤波结构的方式效果更好。同时，本发明提供的微型扬声器制作过程简单，并能够降低模具难度。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一些实施方案中骨架材料的交替层叠方式的示意图。
图2为实施例1的声学增强块体位于前腔谐振腔内时的结构示意图。
图3为实施例2的微型扬声器结构示意图。
图4为图3的A-A方向截面图。
图5为实施例3的微型扬声器结构示意图。
图6为实施例3的微型扬声器结构示意图。
图7为图5的A-A方向截面图。
图8为图5的B-B方向截面图。
图9为实施例2与对比例1的微型扬声器的性能测试曲线。
主要组件符号说明：
1-上壳，2-下壳，4-扬声器单元，5-后腔，6-前腔，7-出声孔，8-前腔谐振腔，81-通气孔，82-声学增强材料，11-第一壳体，31-第二壳体，41-振动膜片，61-限位凸起，91-第一挡墙，92-第二挡墙，93-凸台。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和有益效果有更加清楚的理解，现对本发明的技术方案进行以下详细说明，但不能理解为对本发明的可实施范围的限定。
本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的设备或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义 是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种声学增强材料块，以该声学增强材料块总重为100％计，该材料包括6.4％聚丙烯酸酯悬浮液，0.1％CMC，12.6％骨架材料，余量为多孔材料。其中，所用的多孔材料为MFI结构分子筛，其Si/M质量比为350，其中，M为铝；所用的骨架材料由层状的纤维纸交替层叠形成，纤维纸由短切无碱玻璃纤维通过湿法工艺得到，其经过硅烷偶联剂KH550进行表面处理。该纤维纸的单位面积克重25g/m 2，纤维直径为7μm。
在制备上述声学增强材料块的过程中，先将纤维纸裁切为适合其要填充的扬声器腔体尺寸和形状，然后将聚丙烯酸酯悬浮液、CMC和MFI分子筛混合形成均匀浆液，利用该浆液完全浸渍经裁切的纤维纸，得到单层声学增强材料薄块。在一些实施方案中，也可以利用多个纤维纸交替层叠、得到多层结构骨架的声学增强材料块，该块体的内部结构可以如图1所示，声学增强材料块的结构骨架由层状和瓦楞状的玻璃纤维交替层叠构成，MFI分子筛等添加剂位于结构骨架的层间、以及渗透到结构骨架的内部。
进一步地，将上述单层声学增强材料薄块层层堆叠，即可得到具有层间间隙孔的声学增强材料块，图2为该声学增强材料块体填充于谐振腔时的结构示意图。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种微型扬声器，图3和图4为该微型扬声器的结构示意图。如图3和图4所示，该微型扬声器包括上壳1、下壳2和扬声器单元4。
上壳1与下壳2通过胶体粘合形成密封的内腔。外形上，上壳1与下壳2共同构成微型扬声器的矩形壳体。
其中，下壳2为微型扬声器的底部壳体。
上壳1为微型扬声器的顶部壳体和侧面壳体、上壳1的顶部与侧面为一体成型结构。上壳1的一个侧面设有出声孔7。上壳1的内部顶面设有三个竖直向下的限位凸起61，限位凸起61位于出声孔7的对侧和邻侧，限位凸起61的高度小于内腔高度，限位凸起61之间的水平距离与扬声器单元4的径向尺寸匹配。
扬声器单元4位于内腔中、其下部与下壳2之间填充有泡棉，扬声器单元4的顶部边缘通过胶体粘结固定于多个限位凸起61之间。扬声器单元4包括振动膜片41、与振动膜片41固定连接的音圈组件及磁路系统(图中未示)，振动膜片41位于扬声器单元4的顶部、振动膜片41的边缘固定于磁路系统上。振动膜片41的边缘设有向外延伸的 固定件，该固定件与限位凸起61卡接固定。振动膜片41、限位凸起61与上壳1的顶部壳体之间的空间形成前腔6、则内腔中的剩余空间为后腔5。具体来说，后腔5包括由扬声器单元4远离出声孔7的一侧、限位凸起61、上壳1与下壳2之间的腔体，以及扬声器单元4两侧与侧面壳体(出声孔邻侧)之间的腔体。
位于前腔6中心上方的上壳1之中设有前腔谐振腔8，前腔谐振腔8的一侧端口设有通气孔81，前腔谐振腔8与前腔6之间通过通气孔81连通。
前腔谐振腔8中远离通气孔81的一侧填充实施例1的声学增强材料块82，声学增强材料块82的体积为前腔谐振腔8体积的50％。本实施例中所用的声学增强材料块82的形状为贴合前腔谐振腔8腔体外壳的形状，在前腔谐振腔8中的具体填充状态如图2所示。前腔谐振腔8的内部还可以设有贴合其腔体内壁的缓冲材料。
在另一些具体实施方案中，声学增强材料块82也可以替换为颗粒形式的其他声学增强材料，此时，前腔谐振腔8的通气孔81还可以设有网布，用于间隔声学增强材料颗粒与前腔6，同时避免声学增强材料颗粒从前腔谐振腔8中脱落。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种微型扬声器，图5至图8为该微型扬声器的结构示意图。如图5至图8所示，该微型扬声器包括上壳1、下壳2和扬声器单元4。
如图6所示，上壳1和下壳2粘合后形成密封的内腔，外形上，上壳1与下壳2共同构成微型扬声器的矩形壳体。上壳1为微型扬声器的顶部壳体、侧面壳体和内部壳体，下壳2为微型扬声器的底部壳体。
本实施例的上壳1在实施例2中的上壳1的基础上，进一步设置了第一挡墙91、第二挡墙92和环形凸台93。具体来说，本实施例的上壳1包括第一壳体11与第二壳体31。其中，第一壳体11为微型扬声器的顶部壳体，第二壳体(或称：中壳)31包括微型扬声器的侧面壳体(以下简称“侧面壳体”)、固定于侧面壳体的内壁第一挡墙91、第二挡墙92和环形凸台93。第二壳体31的一个侧面设有出声孔7。
第一挡墙91和第二挡墙92沿上壳11向下壳2延伸的方向设置。第一挡墙91为直线型。
环形凸台93设于侧面壳体与第一挡墙91之间。环形凸台93与第一壳体11之间的竖直距离与第一挡墙91的竖直高度基本匹配。
扬声器单元4通过嵌入环形凸台93固定于微型扬声器内部，扬声器单元4的顶面与第一壳体11之间留有空间、扬声器单元4的底面与下壳2之间填充有泡棉。
扬声器单元4包括振动膜片41、与振动膜片41固定连接的音圈组件及磁路系统(图中未示)，振动膜片41位于扬声器单元4的顶部，振动膜片41的边缘固定于磁路系统上。振动膜片41的边缘设有向外延伸的固定件，该固定件与第一挡墙91卡接固定。
出声孔7所在的侧面壳体、第一壳体11、扬声器单元4、第一挡墙91之间的腔体为前腔6，内腔中除前腔6以外的腔体为后腔5。具体来说，后腔5包括第一挡墙91远离出声孔7一侧所在竖直面、第一壳体11、下壳2与侧面壳体之间的腔体，以及位于第一挡墙91远离出声孔7的一侧所在竖直面、且位于振动膜片41与下壳2之间的腔体。
第二挡墙92为折线形，其位于后腔5中，与侧面壳体、第一挡墙91和第一壳体11包围形成前腔谐振腔8。前腔谐振腔8靠近扬声器单元4设置、位于后腔5中靠近前腔的一侧。前腔谐振腔8在第一挡墙91处设有通气孔81，前腔谐振腔8与前腔6之间通过通气孔81连通。通气孔81开口尺寸小于前腔谐振腔的高度。前腔谐振腔8中远离通气孔81的一侧填充实施例1的声学增强材料块82，声学增强材料块82的体积为前腔谐振腔8体积的50％。本实施例中所用的声学增强材料块82的形状为贴合前腔谐振腔8腔体外壳的形状，在前腔谐振腔8中的具体填充状态可以如图2所示。前腔谐振腔8的内部还可以设有贴合其腔体壁的缓冲材料。
在另一些具体实施方案中，声学增强材料块82也可以替换为颗粒形式的其他声学增强材料，此时，前腔谐振腔8的通气孔81还可以设有网布，用于间隔颗粒与前腔6，同时避免声学增强材料颗粒从前腔谐振腔8中脱落。
对比例1
本对比例提供了一种微型扬声器，其构造与实施例2的微型扬声器的构造基本相同，区别仅在于本对比例的微型扬声器中的前腔谐振腔8中不填充任何材料(包括不填充实施例1的声学增强材料块或其他声学增强材料)。
测试例1
对实施例2的微型扬声器与对比例1的微型扬声器进行性能测试，测得的高频频率响应曲线如图9所示。从图9可以看出，相比于未填充声学增强材料块的微型扬声器(对比例1)，在前腔谐振腔中填充声学增强材料块的微型扬声器(实施例2)的高频性能曲线更为平坦，说明在前腔谐振腔中填充声学增强材料块对微型扬声器的音质有很大的提升作用。

Claims (28)

  1. 一种声学增强材料块，其中，所述声学增强材料块的原料包括多孔材料、骨架材料、胶黏剂和助剂，所述声学增强材料块的结构骨架由单层骨架材料构成、或者由两层以上的骨架材料交替层叠构成，所述多孔材料、胶黏剂和助剂负载在所述结构骨架中。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的声学增强材料块，其中，以所述声学增强材料块的总质量为100％计，所述声学增强材料块的原料包括5-15％骨架材料、2-10％胶黏剂、0.05-2％助剂、余量为多孔材料，所述胶黏剂的质量以所述胶黏剂的固体质量计算。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的声学增强材料块，其中，所述声学增强材料块为单个块体和/或由两个以上的声学增强材料块层叠形成的块体。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的声学增强材料块，其中，所述骨架材料包括纤维纸、纤维布和纤维毡中的一种或两种以上的组合。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的声学增强材料块，其中，所述骨架材料由层状和/或瓦楞状的纤维纸、纤维布和纤维毡交替层叠构成。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的声学增强材料块，其中，所述瓦楞状的纤维纸、纤维布和纤维毡的瓦楞高度为0.2mm-2mm。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的声学增强材料块，其中，所述多孔材料包括沸石、活性炭、MOF材料中的一种或两种以上的组合；
    所述胶黏剂包括有机胶黏剂和/或无机胶黏剂；
    所述助剂包括CMC、蒙脱土、高岭土、凹凸棒土、云母粉中的一种或两种以上的组合；
    所述骨架材料包括化学纤维。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的声学增强材料块，其中，所述沸石的Si/M质量比为200以上，其中，M为三价金属元素。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的声学增强材料块，其中，所述M包括铁、铝、钛中的一种或两种以上的组合。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的声学增强材料块，其中，所述沸石包括MFI结构分子筛、FER结构分子筛、CHA结构分子筛、IHW结构分子筛、IWV结构分子筛、ITE结构分子筛、UTL结构分子筛、VET结构分子筛、MEL结构分子筛和MTW结构分子筛中的一种或两种以上的组合。
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的声学增强材料块，其中，所述有机胶黏剂包括聚丙烯酸 酯悬浮液、聚苯乙烯醋酸盐悬浮液、聚乙烯醋酸盐悬浮液、聚乙基乙烯醋酸盐悬浮液、聚丁二橡胶悬浮液中的一种或两种以上的组合；
    所述无机胶黏剂包括硅溶胶、铝溶胶、拟薄水铝石中的一种或两种以上的组合。
  12. 根据权利要求7所述的声学增强材料块，其中，所述骨架材料由化学纤维通过混纺、粘合或湿法成形中的一种方式制备得到。
  13. 根据权利要求7所述的声学增强材料块，其中，所述骨架材料的单位面积克重为10g/m 2-100g/m 2。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的声学增强材料块，其中，所述化学纤维中的单根纤维的直径为2μm-40μm。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的声学增强材料块，其中，所述化学纤维包括无机纤维和/或合成纤维。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的声学增强材料块，其中，无机纤维包括玻璃纤维和/或陶瓷纤维；
    所述合成纤维包括涤纶、锦纶、腈纶、丙纶、维纶、氯纶中的一种或两种以上的组合。
  17. 权利要求1-16任一项所述的声学增强材料块在微型扬声器中的应用。
  18. 一种微型扬声器，其中，所述微型扬声器的包括上壳、下壳和扬声器单元，所述上壳与下壳形成内腔，所述扬声器单元位于内腔中，所述上壳的一侧设有出声孔；
    所述内腔分为前腔和后腔，其中，所述前腔为扬声器顶部与上壳之间的腔体，所述前腔与所述出声孔连通；
    所述微型扬声器的内部还设有前腔谐振腔，所述前腔谐振腔设有与所述前腔连通的通气孔，所述前腔谐振腔中填充声学增强材料。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的微型扬声器，其中，所述前腔谐振腔设于所述前腔上方的上壳之中、或者设于所述后腔上方的上壳之中。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的微型扬声器，其中，当所述前腔谐振腔位于所述后腔上方的上壳之中时，所述上壳还包括设于所述微型扬声器内部的第一挡墙、第二挡墙，所述第一挡墙用于分隔所述前腔和后腔，所述第二挡墙用于分隔所述前腔谐振腔与后腔。
  21. 根据权利要求19或20所述的微型扬声器，其中，当所述前腔谐振腔位于所述前腔上方的上壳之中时，所述上壳的内部顶面还设有限位凸起，所述限位凸起用于分隔所述前腔与所述后腔。
  22. 根据权利要求18或19所述的微型扬声器，其中，所述上壳的内侧壁还设有凸台，所述凸台用于固定所述扬声器单元。
  23. 根据权利要求18所述的微型扬声器，其中，所述声学增强材料的体积为前腔谐振腔总体积的10-90％。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的微型扬声器，其中，所述声学增强材料的体积为前腔谐振腔总体积的40-60％。
  25. 根据权利要求18或23所述的微型扬声器，其中，所述声学增强材料包括声学增强材料颗粒和/或权利要求1-16任一项所述的声学增强材料块。
  26. 根据权利要求18所述的微型扬声器，其中，当所述前腔谐振腔中填充有所述声学增强材料块时，所述前腔谐振腔内部设有贴合腔体内壁的缓冲材料。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的微型扬声器，其中，当所述前腔谐振腔中填充有声学增强材料颗粒时，所述通气孔处还设有网布。
  28. 一种电子设备，其包括权利要求18-27任一项所述的微型扬声器。
PCT/CN2022/074666 2021-01-28 2022-01-28 声学增强材料块及其应用、微型扬声器及电子设备 WO2022161467A1 (zh)

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