CN108298559B - 分子筛及应用该分子筛的吸音材料和扬声器 - Google Patents

分子筛及应用该分子筛的吸音材料和扬声器 Download PDF

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CN108298559B
CN108298559B CN201810003659.0A CN201810003659A CN108298559B CN 108298559 B CN108298559 B CN 108298559B CN 201810003659 A CN201810003659 A CN 201810003659A CN 108298559 B CN108298559 B CN 108298559B
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molecular sieve
core
shell
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sound
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CN108298559A (zh
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高远
康旋
李建川
张发腾
康宁
刘浩
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Jiangsu Jicui Zhongyi Technology Industry Development Co ltd
AAC Microtech Changzhou Co Ltd
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AAC Optoelectronic Changzhou Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提出一种分子筛及应用所述分子筛的吸音材料和扬声器，所述分子筛为核壳型分子筛，所述核壳型分子筛包括核相分子筛与壳层分子筛，所述壳层分子筛的平均孔径大于所述核相分子筛的平均孔径；孔径较大的壳层多孔分子筛，能保护内部起作用的微孔，防止其被堵塞，从而使相同体积的分子筛材料降低f0，低音效果显著增强，同时性能稳定性也得到提高。

Description

分子筛及应用该分子筛的吸音材料和扬声器
【技术领域】
本发明涉及一种分子筛及其应用，特别是基于核壳型分子筛及应用这种核壳型分子筛的吸音材料和声学器件。
【背景技术】
在移动电话等便携式电子产品快速发展的过程中，用户对产品的功能性要求越来越高，由此，发声器件的发展也相应加快。相关技术的发声器件，其包括具有腔体的壳体和安装于壳体上的发声器单元。由于腔体为封闭结构且腔体体积比较小，所以发声器件的谐振频率f0较高，导致发声器件的低频性能差，难以产生出高质量，特别是浑厚的低音效果。
为了使越来越轻薄的电子产品发出高质量的低音效果，目前业内普遍采用分子筛、多孔炭等为代表的多孔材料制作成吸声材料，以改善低音效果。
比如CN105621436A、CN105032343A、CN105516880A等代表性专利的做法都是：合成某种结构(以MFI、FER最常见)的分子筛，其微孔尺寸大都在0.3-0.8nm之间，并用粘结剂使之成型成一定形态，将其放入BOX腔体中，在扬声器工作时，分子筛的微孔能够起到吸附和脱附空气的作用，提高了气顺，从而起到降低f0、改善低音效果的目的。
但是，使用这种单一结构的分子筛作为吸音材料存在两个明显缺陷：
1.分子筛起作用的主要是表面微孔，在成型过程中需要使用胶粘剂将这些分子筛粉末粘接在一起，这就导致表层上相当一部分微孔被胶粘剂堵住，在扬声器工作时，实际上只有表层部分微孔在吸附与脱附空气，使得f0的降低以及对低音的改善效果有限；
2.单一结构的分子筛材料，因为表面性质单一，容易吸收空气中的水分、扬声器或其他电子元件挥发出的有机物，当水分或有机物封堵微孔时，空气分子的进出变得困难，分子筛的性能全部或部分消失，CN104994461A、CN105049997A等专利亦关注到分子筛的失效问题。
基于这些问题，有必要提供一种新的分子筛及其吸音材料，有效避免失效、提高吸音效果。
【发明内容】
基于上述问题，经过反复实验，发现具有核壳结构的分子筛能够很好解决上述问题。
具体地，本发明提出的方案如下：
一种分子筛，其特征在于，所述分子筛为核壳型分子筛，所述核壳型分子筛包括核相分子筛与壳层分子筛，所述壳层分子筛的平均孔径大于所述核相分子筛的平均孔径。
优选地，所述核相分子筛与所述壳层分子筛的结构相同或者不同。
优选地，所述核相分子筛的直径为0.2-20μm，所述壳层分子筛的厚度为0.001-10μm，进一步优选为0.05-1μm。
优选地，所述核相分子筛和/或所述壳层分子筛包括微孔分子筛或者介孔分子筛中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述微孔分子筛包括拓扑结构MFI、FER、BEA、MOR、MEL、FAU、Linda-A、CHA、AEL、AFI，ATO中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述介孔分子筛包括MCM-41、SBA-3、SBA-15、SBA-16、KIT-6的一种或者多种。
优选地，所述壳层分子筛包括介孔分子筛，所述介孔分子筛包括SBA-11、HMS、KIT-1以及介孔二氧化硅中的一种或多种。
本发明还提出一种吸音材料，包括本发明所提出的分子筛。
本发明还提出一种扬声器，利用本发明的核壳型分子筛作为吸音材料。
本发明的有益效果是：一方面，在起作用的微孔分子筛表面生长一层性质不同、但孔径较大的多孔分子筛，能保护内部起作用的微孔，防止其被堵塞；
另一方面，表层可以吸附水蒸气或有机物，但因为孔径大，对空气进出内层微孔影响很小，从而使相同体积的分子筛材料降低f0，提升低音效果显著增强，同时性能稳定性也得到提高。
【具体实施方式】
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合具体实施方式对本发明做详细说明，使本发明的上述及其它目的、特征和优势将更加清晰。
本发明提出使用核壳型分子筛作为扬声器的吸音材料，核壳结构包括核相部分和包裹在核相部分表面的壳层部分。本发明核相部分和壳层部分均为分子筛，两层结构可以相同也可以不同，但壳层平均孔径大于核层。根据国际纯粹与应用化学协会(IUPAC)的定义，孔径小于2nm的称为微孔；孔径大于50nm的称为大孔；孔径在2-50nm的称为介孔(或称中孔)。因此，本发明的核壳型分子筛而言，核相分子筛优选孔径介于0.2-20μm的微孔或者介孔分子筛，而壳层分子筛的厚度为0.001-10μm，进一步优选为0.05-1μm。
本发明的核相分子筛或者壳层分子筛可以是微孔分子筛拓扑结构(以下简称“结构”)MFI、FER、BEA、MOR、MEL、FAU、Linda-A、CHA、AEL、AFI，ATO中的一种或者多种；也可以是介孔分子筛包括MCM-41、SBA-3、SBA-11、SBA-15、SBA-16、KIT-1、KIT-6、HMS介孔二氧化硅或是上述微孔分子筛组合、改性得到的分子筛。
实施例1
ZSM-5(硅铝比500，MFI结构)为核，MCM-41为壳的核壳分子筛，核层直径1-5um，壳层厚度0.2-0.5um，经过造粒成型，充满带有扬声器单体的1mL腔体中，测试f0；同时，为了测试核壳分子筛在吸附有机物质之后的吸音效果，将一些颗粒置于带有甲苯/丙烯酸丁酯(体积比1:1)的密闭空间，其相对湿度70％-80％，2小时后，取出装入带有扬声器单体的1mL腔体中测试f0。
实施例2
ZSM-5(硅铝比500，MFI结构)为核，二维六方P6MM结构的介孔二氧化硅为壳的核壳分子筛，核层直径0.7-8um，壳层厚度0.05-0.2um，经过造粒成型，充满带有扬声器单体的1mL腔体中，测试f0；为了测试核壳分子筛在吸附有机物质之后的吸音效果，同时将一些颗粒置于带有甲苯/丙烯酸丁酯(体积比1:1)的密闭空间，其相对湿度70％-80％，2小时后，取出装入带有扬声器单体的1mL腔体中测试f0。
实施例3
Silicalite-1(MFI结构)为核，ZSM-5为壳的核壳分子筛，核层直径3-8um，壳层厚度0.03-0.10um，经过造粒成型，充满带有扬声器单体的1mL腔体中，测试f0；为了测试核壳分子筛在吸附有机物质之后的吸音效果，同时将一些颗粒置于带有甲苯/丙烯酸丁酯(体积比1:1)的密闭空间，其相对湿度70％-80％，2小时后，取出装入带有扬声器单体的1mL腔体中腔体测试f0。
实施例4
SBA-15为核，SAPO-34为壳的核壳分子筛，核层直径2-12um，壳层厚度0.5-1um，经过造粒成型，充满带有扬声器单体的1mL腔体中，测试f0；为了测试核壳分子筛在吸附有机物质之后的吸音效果，同时将一些颗粒置于带有甲苯/丙烯酸丁酯(体积比1:1)的密闭空间，其相对湿度70％-80％，2小时后，取出装入带有扬声器单体的1mL腔体中测试f0。
实施例5
BEA为核，MCM-41为壳的核壳分子筛，核层直径1-6um，壳层厚度0.3-0.5um，经过造粒成型，充满带有扬声器单体的1mL腔体中，测试f0；为了测试核壳分子筛在吸附有机物质之后的吸音效果，同时将一些颗粒常温置于带有甲苯/丙烯酸丁酯(体积比1:1)的密闭空间，其相对湿度70％-80％，2小时后，取出装入带有扬声器单体的1mL腔体中测试f0。
对照例1
Silicalite-1纯硅分子筛，粒径2-8um，经过造粒成型，充满带有扬声器单体的1mL腔体中，测试f0；为了测试核壳分子筛在吸附有机物质之后的吸音效果，同时将一些颗粒置于带有甲苯/丙烯酸丁酯(体积比1:1)的密闭空间，其相对湿度70％-80％，2小时后，取出装入带有扬声器单体的1mL腔体中测试f0。
对照例2
ZSM-5(硅铝比500)分子筛，粒径1-5um，经过造粒成型，充满带有扬声器单体的1mL腔体中，测试f0；为了测试核壳分子筛在吸附有机物质之后的吸音效果，同时将一些颗粒置于带有甲苯/丙烯酸丁酯(体积比1:1)的密闭空间，其相对湿度70％-80％，2小时后，取出装入带有扬声器单体的1mL腔体中测试f0。
对照例3
ZSM-5(硅铝比300)分子筛，粒径1-5um，经过造粒成型，充满带有扬声器单体的1mL腔体中，测试f0；为了测试核壳分子筛在吸附有机物质之后的吸音效果，同时将一些颗粒置于带有甲苯/丙烯酸丁酯(体积比1:1)的密闭空间，其相对湿度70％～80％，2小时后，取出装入带有扬声器单体的1mL腔体中测试f0。
将实施例1-5以及对照例1-3的测试结果进行比较，如表1所示。
表1
Figure BDA0001537869020000061
Figure BDA0001537869020000071
由表1可以看出，采用本发明的核壳型分子筛作为吸音材料，初始成型的核壳型分子筛与普通分子筛相比，都能降低f0，但是两种类型的分子筛相差并不显著。但是经吸附水分或者有机物之后，再测试f0，就会发现核壳型分子筛仍然能够有效降低f0，而普通微孔分子筛的吸附或脱附空气能力明显减弱。可见，核壳型分子筛的表层多层分子筛对内部微孔具有显著的保护作用。
一方面，在起作用的微孔分子筛表面生长一层性质不同、但孔径较大的多孔分子筛，能保护内部起作用的微孔，防止其被堵塞；
另一方面，表层可以吸附水蒸气或有机物，但因为孔径大，对空气进出内层微孔影响很小，从而使相同体积的分子筛材料降低f0，提升低音效果显著增强，同时性能稳定性也得到提高。
本发明所提出的核壳型分子筛，可以用作吸音材料，适用于典型的发声器件，例如扬声器。
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施方式，在此应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下，还可以做出改进，但这些均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种分子筛用于扬声器的用途，所述分子筛应用于扬声器中，所述扬声器包括吸音材料，所述吸音材料为所述分子筛，其特征在于，所述分子筛为核壳型分子筛，所述核壳型分子筛包括核相分子筛与壳层分子筛，所述壳层分子筛的平均孔径大于所述核相分子筛的平均孔径，所述核相分子筛的直径为0.2-20μm，所述壳层分子筛的厚度为0.001-10μm，所述核相分子筛和/或所述壳层分子筛包括微孔分子筛或者介孔分子筛中的一种或多种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的分子筛用于扬声器的用途，其特征在于，所述核相分子筛与所述壳层分子筛的结构相同或者不同。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的分子筛用于扬声器的用途，其特征在于，所述微孔分子筛包括拓扑结构MFI、FER、BEA、MOR、MEL、FAU、Linda-A、CHA、AEL、AFI，ATO中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的分子筛用于扬声器的用途，其特征在于，所述介孔分子筛包括MCM-41、SBA-3、SBA-15、SBA-16、KIT-6的一种或者多种。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的分子筛用于扬声器的用途，其特征在于，所述壳层分子筛包括介孔分子筛，所述介孔分子筛包括SBA-11、HMS、KIT-1以及介孔二氧化硅中的一种或多种。
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