US20160046842A1 - Polar-group-containing olefin copolymer, polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer, olefin-based resin composition, and adhesive and layered product each using the same - Google Patents

Polar-group-containing olefin copolymer, polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer, olefin-based resin composition, and adhesive and layered product each using the same Download PDF

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US20160046842A1
US20160046842A1 US14/780,021 US201414780021A US2016046842A1 US 20160046842 A1 US20160046842 A1 US 20160046842A1 US 201414780021 A US201414780021 A US 201414780021A US 2016046842 A1 US2016046842 A1 US 2016046842A1
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group
polar
olefin
olefin copolymer
based resin
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Masahiro Uematsu
Kazunari Abe
Hiroyuki Shimizu
Tetsuya Morioka
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Japan Polypropylene Corp
Japan Polyethylene Corp
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Japan Polypropylene Corp
Japan Polyethylene Corp
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Priority claimed from JP2014039324A external-priority patent/JP6042836B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP2014039335A external-priority patent/JP6050270B2/ja
Application filed by Japan Polypropylene Corp, Japan Polyethylene Corp filed Critical Japan Polypropylene Corp
Assigned to JAPAN POLYETHYLENE CORPORATION, JAPAN POLYPROPYLENE CORPORATION reassignment JAPAN POLYETHYLENE CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MORIOKA, TETSUYA, ABE, KAZUNARI, SHIMIZU, HIROYUKI, UEMATSU, MASAHIRO
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C09J123/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J123/02—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C09J123/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C09J123/06—Polyethene
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
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    • B32B15/085—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B23/00—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose
    • B32B23/04—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose comprising such cellulosic plastic substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/10—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B32B27/322—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins comprising halogenated polyolefins, e.g. PTFE
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    • B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/024—Woven fabric
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    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C08F210/02—Ethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/10—Esters
    • C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
    • C08F220/32—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing epoxy radicals
    • C08F220/325—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing epoxy radicals containing glycidyl radical, e.g. glycidyl (meth)acrylate
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    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/70—Iron group metals, platinum group metals or compounds thereof
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    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/70—Iron group metals, platinum group metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/7001—Iron group metals, platinum group metals or compounds thereof the metallic compound containing a multidentate ligand, i.e. a ligand capable of donating two or more pairs of electrons to form a coordinate or ionic bond
    • C08F4/7003—Bidentate ligand
    • C08F4/7004—Neutral ligand
    • C08F4/7014—PO
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/70—Iron group metals, platinum group metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/7001—Iron group metals, platinum group metals or compounds thereof the metallic compound containing a multidentate ligand, i.e. a ligand capable of donating two or more pairs of electrons to form a coordinate or ionic bond
    • C08F4/7003—Bidentate ligand
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    • C08F4/7031—PO
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/72—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from metals not provided for in group C08F4/44
    • C08F4/80—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from metals not provided for in group C08F4/44 selected from iron group metals or platinum group metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J123/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
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    • C09J2203/00—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J2203/302—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils for bundling cables
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    • C09J2423/00—Presence of polyolefin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer having excellent properties, a multinary polar olefin copolymer, an olefin-based resin composition including the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer and an olefin-based resin, a layered product using any of these, and various composited products using the same.
  • the invention relates to a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer which has a specific polar group and shows excellent adhesiveness to various base materials, a multinary polar olefin copolymer, an olefin-based resin composition including the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer and an olefin-based resin, and an adhesive and a layered product which both take advantage of the adhesiveness.
  • olefin-based resins have high mechanical strength and are excellent in terms of impact resistance, long-term durability, chemical resistance, corrosion resistance, etc., are inexpensive, and have excellent moldability.
  • the resins are capable of accommodating environmental issues and recycling of resources.
  • Olefin-based resins are hence used as important industrial materials.
  • the resins are molded into films, layered products, vessels, blow-molded bottles, etc. by injection molding, extrusion molding, blow molding, etc., and are in use in a wide range of applications.
  • properties such as, for example, gas barrier properties can be imparted, besides those properties, by laminating the resins with a base such as a gas-barrier material, e.g., an ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) or an aluminum foil.
  • a gas-barrier material e.g., an ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) or an aluminum foil.
  • olefin polymers are generally nonpolar and have a drawback that when used as laminating materials, the olefin polymers show exceedingly low strength of adhesion to highly polar materials of different kinds, such as other synthetic resins, metals, and wood, or do not adhere to such materials.
  • the olefin-based resin undergoes intermolecular crosslinking, molecular-chain cleavage, etc. simultaneously with the grafting reaction and, hence, the graft modification product does not retain the excellent properties of the olefin-based resin.
  • the intermolecular crosslinking introduces unnecessary long-chain branches to result in an increase in melt viscosity and a widened molecular-weight distribution and in adverse influences on adhesiveness and moldability.
  • the molecular-chain cleavage results in an increase in the content of low-molecular-weight components in the olefin-based resin, thereby posing a problem in that gumming and fuming occur during molding.
  • the adhesiveness to highly polar materials of different kinds can be increased by heightening the content of polar groups in the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer.
  • a method for increasing the content of a polar-group-containing monomer use may be made of, for example, a method in which the amounts of a polar-group-containing monomer and an organic peroxide which are to be subjected to a graft modification are increased.
  • the problems which arise due to graft modification are overcome and it is possible to heighten the content of the polar-group-containing monomer in a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer as compared with graft modification.
  • the polymerization process is a high-pressure radical process
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer obtained has a molecular structure which randomly has a large number of long-chain branches and short-chain branches.
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymers obtained by this method have been limited to ones which have a low modulus of elasticity and low mechanical properties as compared with the polar-group-containing olefin copolymers obtained by polymerization using a transition metal catalyst, and have been usable in limited applications where high strength is required.
  • epoxy group is generally known as a polar group capable of producing excellent adhesiveness to highly polar materials of different kinds.
  • it is difficult to copolymerize an epoxy-group-containing comonomer by ordinary catalytic polymerization processes, and the epoxy-group-containing polar olefin copolymers which are presently on the market are mainly ones produced by high-pressure radical polymerization processes.
  • polar-group-containing olefin copolymers produced by polymerization without using a high-pressure radical polymerization process is a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer obtained by copolymerizing 1,2-epoxy-9-decene, ethylene, and 1-butene in an invention concerning a production process, which is a so-called masking process, wherein polymerization is conducted in the presence of a specific metallocene-based catalyst and a sufficient amount of an organoaluminum (the amount being at least equimolar with the polar-group-containing monomer) (see patent document 9).
  • an organoaluminum is necessary in a large amount for copolymerizing the polar-group-containing olefin and this necessarily results in an increase in production cost.
  • the organoaluminum used in a large amount comes to be present as an impurity in the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer to cause a decrease in mechanical property, discoloration, and accelerated deterioration, and removing these troubles leads to a further cost increase.
  • the main effect of that invention is to produce a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer while attaining high activity in polymerization, and the patent document includes no statement concerning specific adhesiveness to highly polar materials of different kinds.
  • Patent Document 1 JP-A-50-004144
  • Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent No. 2516003
  • Patent Document 3 JP-A-47-23490
  • Patent Document 4 JP-A-48-11388
  • Patent Document 5 JP-A-2010-202647
  • Patent Document 6 JP-A-2010-150532
  • Patent Document 7 JP-A-2010-150246
  • Patent Document 8 JP-A-2010-260913
  • Patent Document 9 Japanese Patent No. 4672214
  • An object of the invention in view of the conventional problems described above under Background Art, is to develop: a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer which shows excellent adhesiveness to highly polar materials of different kinds and which is produced by a process that is none of the conventional processes each having one or more problems; a multinary polar olefin copolymer; and an olefin-based resin composition including the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer and an olefin-based resin.
  • Another subject for the invention is to provide an adhesive, a layered product, various molded articles, and various composited products, which each using the same.
  • the present inventors variously took consideration and made close investigations for demonstration with regard to methods for introducing a polar group, selection of a polar group and a polymerization catalyst, molecular structures of polar-group-containing olefin copolymers, correlation between the structure of a copolymer and the adhesiveness thereof, etc. in order to produce a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer by a simple and efficient process and improve the adhesiveness of the copolymer to materials of different kinds and in order to thereby overcome the problems described above.
  • the inventors were able to discover a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer having excellent adhesiveness to various materials of different kinds, a multinary polar olefin copolymer, and an olefin-based resin composition including the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer and an olefin-based resin.
  • the present invention has been thus accomplished.
  • a first aspect of the present invention is a polymer which is an olefin copolymer (A) having a specific polar group and obtained by polymerization using a transition metal catalyst, and which is characterized by showing remarkably excellent adhesiveness and being excellent in terms of various properties, so long as the content of a polar-group-containing monomer is in a specific range.
  • a second aspect of the invention is a polymer which is a multinary polar olefin copolymer (B) having an exceedingly narrow molecular-weight distribution within a specific range and having a melting point within a specific range, and which is characterized by showing a marked improvement in balance between adhesiveness and mechanical properties.
  • B multinary polar olefin copolymer
  • a third aspect of the invention is an olefin-based resin composition (D) which has been obtained by adding an olefin-based resin (C) in a specific proportion to a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′) and which has been thus made to have the excellent properties possessed by the olefin-based resin and to retain the sufficient adhesiveness to highly polar materials of different kinds which is possessed by the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer.
  • D olefin-based resin composition which has been obtained by adding an olefin-based resin (C) in a specific proportion to a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′) and which has been thus made to have the excellent properties possessed by the olefin-based resin and to retain the sufficient adhesiveness to highly polar materials of different kinds which is possessed by the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer.
  • a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A) which comprises 99.999 to 80 mol % of structural units derived from at least one of ethylene and ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms and 20 to 0.001 mol % of structural units derived from at least one polar-group-containing monomer which contains an epoxy group and is represented by the following structural formula (I) or following structural formula (II), the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer being a random copolymer obtained by copolymerization in the presence of a transition metal catalyst and having a linear molecular structure:
  • R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
  • R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, or the following epoxy-group-containing specific functional group, any one of R 2 to R 4 being the following epoxy-group-containing specific functional group:
  • Specific functional group a group which essentially contains an epoxy group and has a molecular structure comprising a carbon atom, an oxygen atom, and a hydrogen atom),
  • R 5 to R 8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, or the following epoxy-group-containing specific functional group, any one of R 5 to R 8 being the following epoxy-group-containing specific functional group, and m is 0 to 2:
  • Specific functional group a group which essentially contains an epoxy group and has a molecular structure comprising a carbon atom, an oxygen atom, and a hydrogen atom
  • the transition metal catalyst is a transition metal which comprises a chelatable ligand and a Group-5 to Group-11 metal.
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer is a transition metal catalyst comprising: palladium or nickel metal; and a triarylphosphine or triarylarsine compound coordinated thereto.
  • a polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B) comprising: units of one or more nonpolar monomers (X1) selected from ethylene and ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 10 carbon atoms; units of one or more polar monomers (Z1) selected from monomers having an epoxy group; and units of any one or more non-cyclic or cyclic monomers (Z2) (with the proviso that at least one kind of units of X1, at least one kind of units of Z1, and at least one kind of units of Z2 are essentially contained), the polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer being a random copolymer obtained by copolymerization in the presence of a transition metal catalyst and having a linear molecular structure.
  • the polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B) according to the (8) which has a ratio of weight-average molecular weight (Mw) to number-average molecular weight (Mn), as determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), in the range of 1.5 to 3.5.
  • the transition metal catalyst is a transition metal which comprises a chelatable ligand and a Group-5 to Group-11 metal.
  • An olefin-based resin composition (D) comprising: a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′) and an olefin-based resin (C), the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′) being a random copolymer having a linear molecular structure and obtained by copolymerizing at least one of ethylene and ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms with a polar-group-containing monomer containing an epoxy group in the presence of a transition metal catalyst, wherein the amount of the olefin-based resin (C) incorporated is 1 to 99,900 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′).
  • R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
  • R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, or the following epoxy-group-containing specific functional group, any one of R 2 to R 4 being the following epoxy-group-containing specific functional group
  • Specific functional group a group which essentially contains an epoxy group and has a molecular structure comprising a carbon atom, an oxygen atom, and a hydrogen atom),
  • R 5 to R 8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, or the following epoxy-group-containing specific functional group, any one of R 5 to R 8 being the following epoxy-group-containing specific functional group, and m is 0 to 2:
  • Specific functional group a group which essentially contains an epoxy group and has a molecular structure comprising a carbon atom, an oxygen atom, and a hydrogen atom
  • the olefin-based resin composition (D) according to any one of the (15) to (17), wherein the olefin-based resin (C) is at least one of a homopolymer and a copolymer, the homopolymer and the copolymer being obtained by polymerizing a monomer selected from at least one of ethylene and ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • DSC differential scanning calorimetry
  • the present invention relates to an adhesive, a layered product, and product of the other uses, which comprise at least one of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A) (the First Aspect), the polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B) (the Second Aspect), and the olefin-based resin composition (D), the olefin-based resin composition (D′), and the olefin-based resin composition (D′′) (the Third Aspect).
  • A the First Aspect
  • the polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B) the Second Aspect
  • the olefin-based resin composition D
  • the olefin-based resin composition D′
  • D′′ the olefin-based resin composition
  • An adhesive which comprises the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A) according to any one of the (1) to (7), the polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B) according to any one of the (8) to (14), or, the olefin-based resin composition (D), the olefin-based resin composition (D′) or the olefin-based resin composition (D′′) according to any one of (15) to (27).
  • a layered product which comprises: the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A) according to any one of the (1) to (7), the polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B) according to any one of the (8) to (14), or, the olefin-based resin composition (D), the olefin-based resin composition (D′) or the olefin-based resin composition (D′′) according to any one of (15) to (27); and a base layer.
  • the base layer comprises at least one member selected from olefin-based resins, highly polar thermoplastic resins, metals, vapor-deposited films of inorganic oxide, paper, cellophane, woven fabric, and nonwoven fabric.
  • the base layer comprises at least one member selected from polyamide-based resins, fluororesins, polyester-based resins, and ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymers (EVOH).
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A) as the first aspect of the invention shows high adhesiveness to other bases since this copolymer has a specific molecular structure and resin properties
  • the multinary polar olefin copolymer (B) as the second aspect of the invention shows high adhesiveness to other bases since this copolymer has an exceedingly narrow molecular-weight distribution within a specific range and has a melting point within a specific range
  • the third aspect of the invention has been accomplished by adding each of olefin-based resins (C), in a specific proportion, to the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′) to thereby give an olefin-based resin composition (D), an olefin-based resin composition (D′), and an olefin-based resin composition (D′′) which each show high adhesiveness to other bases.
  • the present invention has made it possible to produce industrially useful layered products and composited materials. This noticeable effect has been
  • copolymers and compositions are hence applicable as useful multilayered molded objects, and are usable in a wide range of various applications after being molded into multilayered films, blow-molded multilayered bottles, etc. by, for example, extrusion molding, blow molding, etc.
  • FIG. 1 is a drawing which shows an image of the molecular structure of an olefin copolymer produced through polymerization by a high-pressure radical polymerization process.
  • FIG. 2 is a drawing which shows an image of the molecular structure of an olefin copolymer produced by polymerization using a metallic catalyst, the copolymer having no long-chain branch.
  • FIG. 3 is a drawing which shows an image of the molecular structure of an olefin copolymer produced by polymerization using a metallic catalyst, the copolymer having a small amount of long-chain branches.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph which shows a relationship between the proportion of a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-1) and the strength of adhesion to a polyamide.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph which shows a relationship between the proportion of a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-9) and the strength of adhesion to a polyamide.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph which shows a relationship between the proportion of a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-2) and the strength of adhesion to a polyamide.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph which shows a relationship between the proportion of a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-3) and the strength of adhesion to a polyamide.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph which shows a relationship between the proportion of a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-5) and the strength of adhesion to a polyamide.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph which shows a relationship between the proportion of a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-4) and the strength of adhesion to a fluororesin.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph which shows a relationship between the proportion of a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-9) and the strength of adhesion to a fluororesin.
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer according to the invention is a copolymer of ethylene or at least one ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms with at least one epoxy-group-containing monomer, the copolymer being a random copolymer in which units of the monomers have been randomly copolymerized and which has a substantially linear molecular structure.
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A) according to the invention is characterized by being obtained by polymerizing ethylene and/or ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms with at least one epoxy-group-containing monomer in the presence of a transition metal catalyst.
  • the ethylene or ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms which is to be subjected to the polymerization is not particularly limited. Preferably, however, ethylene is essentially included, and one or more ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 20 carbon atoms may be further included according to need.
  • ethylene or one of ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 20 carbon atoms may be subjected alone to the polymerization, two or more thereof may be used. Furthermore, other monomers having no polar group may be further subjected to the polymerization so long as the use thereof does not depart from the spirit of the invention. It is desirable that the proportion of structural units derived from ethylene and/or at least one of the ⁇ -olefins should be selected from the range of usually 80 to 99.999 mol %, preferably 85 to 99.99 mol %, more preferably 90 to 99.98 mol %, even more preferably 95 to 99.97 mol %.
  • the ⁇ -olefins according to the invention are ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 20 carbon atoms and represented by the structural formula CH 2 ⁇ CHR 18 (R 18 is a hydrocarbon group which has 1 to 18 carbon atoms and may have a linear structure or have a branch). More preferred are ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 12 carbon atoms. Even more preferred are one or more ⁇ -olefins selected from propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 3-methyl-1-butene, and 4-methyl-1-pentene.
  • One ⁇ -olefin may be subjected alone to the polymerization, or two or more ⁇ -olefins may be subjected to the polymerization.
  • the monomers having no polar group, in the invention are not particularly limited so long as the monomers are ones which each have one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the molecular structure and in which the molecule is configured of carbon and hydrogen as the only elements.
  • Examples thereof include dienes, trienes, aromatic vinyl monomers, and cycloolefins. Preferred are butadiene, isoprene, styrene, vinylcyclohexane, cyclohexene, vinylnorbornene, and norbornene.
  • the polar-group-containing monomers according to the invention need to contain an epoxy group. So long as an olefin-based resin composition includes a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer which has epoxy groups, this composition can be laminated and bonded to bases made of highly polar thermoplastic resins, such as polyamide resins, polyester resins, ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymers (EVOH), or fluororesins having bondability imparted thereto, and to bases made of metallic materials such as aluminum and steel.
  • highly polar thermoplastic resins such as polyamide resins, polyester resins, ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymers (EVOH), or fluororesins having bondability imparted thereto
  • metallic materials such as aluminum and steel.
  • the polar-group-containing monomers according to the invention preferably are monomers which contain an epoxy group and are represented by the following structural formula (I) or structural formula (II).
  • R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
  • R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, or the following epoxy-group-containing specific functional group, any one of R 2 to R 4 being the following epoxy-group-containing specific functional group.
  • Specific functional group a group which essentially contains an epoxy group and has a molecular structure including a carbon atom, an oxygen atom, and a hydrogen atom
  • R 5 to R 8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, or the following epoxy-group-containing specific functional group, any one of R 5 to R 8 being the following epoxy-group-containing specific functional group, and m is 0 to 2.
  • Specific functional group a group which essentially contains an epoxy group and has a molecular structure including a carbon atom, an oxygen atom, and a hydrogen atom
  • polar-group-containing monomers are not particularly limited.
  • the polar-group-containing monomers represented by structural formula (I) are more preferred when copolymerizability in the presence of a transition metal catalyst, the handleability of the polar-group-containing monomers, etc. are taken into account.
  • More preferred are polar-group-containing monomers represented by structural formula (I) wherein R 1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each independently any of a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, and the following epoxy-group-containing specific functional group, any one of R 2 to R 4 being the epoxy-group-containing specific functional group.
  • Specific functional group a group which essentially contains an epoxy group and further essentially contains any of a hydrocarbon group, a carbonyl group, and an ether group and which has a molecular structure including a carbon atom, an oxygen atom, and a hydrogen atom
  • Examples of the polar-group-containing monomers represented by structural formula (I) or structural formula (II) include w-alkenyl epoxides such as 5-hexene epoxide, 6-heptene epoxide, 7-octene epoxide, 8-nonene epoxide, 9-decene epoxide, 10-undecene epoxide, and 11-dodecene epoxide, w-alkenyl epoxides having a branch in the molecular structure, such as 2-methyl-6-heptene epoxide, 2-methyl-7-octene epoxide, 2-methyl-8-nonene epoxide, 2-methyl-9-decene epoxide, and 2-methyl-10-undecene epoxide, unsaturated glycidyl ethers such as ally glycidyl ether, 2-methylallyl
  • 1,2-epoxy-9-decene 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate glycidyl ether, glycidyl methacrylate, 1,2-epoxy-4-vinylcyclohexane, which are represented by the following structural formulae, and the like.
  • One epoxy-group-containing monomer may be subjected alone to the polymerization, or two or more epoxy-group-containing monomers may be used in combination.
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A) undergoes intermolecular crosslinking due to the reaction between epoxy groups contained therein.
  • the intermolecular crosslinking may be allowed to proceed so long as this crosslinking does not depart from the spirit of the invention.
  • the structure derived from one molecule of either ethylene or an ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms and the structure derived from one molecule of an epoxy-group-containing monomer are each defined as one structural unit within the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer.
  • the proportion, in terms of mol %, of each structural unit in the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer is the amount of the structural unit.
  • the amount of structural units derived from an epoxy-group-containing monomer in the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A) according to the invention is selected from the range of usually 20 to 0.001 mol %, preferably 15 to 0.01 mol %, more preferably 10 to 0.02 mol %, especially preferably 5 to 0.03 mol %. It is preferable that such structural units should be always present in the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer of the invention. In case where the amount of structural units derived from an epoxy-group-containing monomer is less than that range, the adhesiveness to highly polar materials of different kinds is insufficient. In case where the amount thereof is larger than that range, sufficient mechanical properties are not obtained.
  • the amount of polar-group structural units in the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A) according to the invention is determined using a 1 H-NMR spectrum.
  • the NMR spectroscopy was performed at 120° C. using NMR apparatus Type AV400M, manufactured by Bruker Biospin K.K., to which a cryoprobe having a diameter of 10 mm had been attached.
  • the 1 H-NMR examination was made under the conditions of a pulse angle of 1° and a pulse interval of 1.8 seconds, the number of integrations being 1,024 or more.
  • Chemical shifts were set so that the peak for the methyl protons of hexamethyldisiloxane was at 0.088 ppm, and the chemical shifts for other kinds of protons were determined using that chemical shift as a reference.
  • a 13 C-NMR examination was made by the complete proton decoupling method under the conditions of a pulse angle of 90° and a pulse interval of 20 seconds, the number of integrations being 512 or more. Chemical shifts were set so that the peak for the methyl carbon of hexamethyldisiloxane was at 1.98 ppm, and the chemical shifts for other kinds of carbon atoms were determined using that chemical shift as a reference.
  • the sum of the integrated intensities of peaks assigned to the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer and appearing in the range of 0.3 to 3.1 ppm was expressed by IA1, and the sum of the integrated intensities of peaks which were assigned to the protons of the 4-HBAGE contained in the copolymer and which appeared at 2.4, 2.6, 3.0, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, and 4.1 ppm was expressed by IX1.
  • the amount of the structural unit was determined in accordance with the following equation.
  • the sum of the integrated intensities of peaks assigned to the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer and appearing in the range of 0.3 to 3.2 ppm was expressed by IA2, and the sum of the integrated intensities of peaks which were assigned to the protons of the EP-VCH contained in the copolymer and which appeared at around 3.0 ppm was expressed by IX2.
  • the amount of the structural unit was determined in accordance with the following equation.
  • the amount of the structural unit was determined in accordance with the following equation.
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A) according to the invention is a random copolymer of ethylene and/or ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms with at least one epoxy-group-containing monomer.
  • the term random copolymer means a copolymer in which, as in the molecular-structure example shown in the following paragraph, the probability that structural unit A or structural unit B is found at any position within the molecular chain is independent of the kind of the structural unit which adjoins that structural unit.
  • the molecular-chain terminals of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer may be ethylene and/or an ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or may be an epoxy-group-containing monomer.
  • the molecular structure (example) of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer in the invention is a random copolymer configured from ethylene or an ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms and from an epoxy-containing monomer.
  • A ethylene or ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms
  • the molecular structure (example) of an olefin copolymer into which polar groups have been introduced by graft modification is shown below for reference.
  • this molecular structure some of the olefin copolymer formed by copolymerizing ethylene or an ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms has been graft-modified with an epoxy-group-containing monomer.
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A) according to the invention is characterized by being produced in the presence of a transition metal catalyst, and the molecular structure thereof is linear.
  • An image of an olefin copolymer produced through polymerization by a high-pressure radical polymerization process is shown as an example in FIG. 1
  • images of olefin copolymers produced by polymerization using a metallic catalyst are shown as examples in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 .
  • the molecular structures differ depending on the production processes. Such differences in molecular structure can be controlled by selecting a production process.
  • the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A) according to the invention should be in the range of usually 1,000 to 2,000,000, preferably 10,000 to 1,500,000, more preferably 20,000 to 1,000,000, even more preferably 31,000 to 800,000, especially preferably 33,000 to 800,000.
  • Mw thereof is less than 1,000, this copolymer is insufficient in properties such as mechanical strength and impact resistance and shows poor adhesiveness to highly polar materials of different kinds.
  • the Mw thereof exceeds 2,000,000 this copolymer has exceedingly high melt viscosity and is difficult to mold.
  • the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A) according to the invention is determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
  • the molecular-weight distribution parameter (Mw/Mn) is obtained by further determining the number-average molecular weight (Mn) by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and calculating the ratio between the Mw and the Mn, i.e., Mw/Mn.
  • a method of measurement by GPC according to the invention is as follows. (Measurement Conditions)
  • Kind of apparatus used 150 C, manufactured by Waters Inc.; detector, IR detector MIRAN 1A (measuring wavelength, 3.42 ⁇ m), manufactured by FOXBORO Company; measuring temperature, 140° C.; solvent, o-dichlorobenzene (ODCB); columns, AD806M/S (three columns), manufactured by Showa Denko K.K.; flow rate, 1.0 mL/min; injection amount, 0.2 mL
  • a specimen is prepared as a 1-mg/mL solution using ODCB (containing 0.5 mg/mL BHT (2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol)), the copolymer being dissolved by heating at 140° C. for about 1 hour.
  • ODCB containing 0.5 mg/mL BHT (2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol
  • BHT 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol
  • the melting point of the olefin-based resin (A) according to the invention is expressed in terms of the maximum-peak temperature in an endothermic curve determined with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).
  • DSC differential scanning calorimeter
  • the melting point is preferably 50 to 140° C., more preferably 60 to 138° C., most preferably 70 to 135° C. In case where the melting point is lower than that range, the resin has insufficient heat resistance. In case where the melting point is higher than that range, the resin shows poor adhesiveness.
  • the polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B) is a multinary polar olefin copolymer (B) which essentially includes three kinds of components derived from: one or more nonpolar monomers (X1) selected from ethylene and ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 10 carbon atoms; one or more polar-group-containing monomers (Z1) selected from monomers having an epoxy group; and one or more other monomers (Z2).
  • polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymers (B) obtained by copolymerizing monomers (X1), (Z1), and (Z2) by graft polymerization, high-pressure radical polymerization, or any of the other polymerization methods described above are already known.
  • the copolymer (B) according to the invention is a random copolymer which, in contrast to such known polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymers, has been obtained by polymerization in the presence of a transition metal and has the feature of having a substantially linear molecular structure.
  • this copolymer (B) satisfies the requirement of having a remarkable adhesion effect.
  • This copolymer (B) hence differs considerably from the known copolymers.
  • nonpolar monomers (X1) examples include ethylene and/or ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • Preferred examples thereof include ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 3-methyl-1-butene, and 4-methyl-1-pentene.
  • Especially preferred examples thereof include ethylene.
  • One ⁇ -olefin may be used, or two or more ⁇ -olefins may be used in combination.
  • Examples of combinations of two include ethylene/propylene, ethylene/1-butene, ethylene/1-hexene, ethylene/1-octene, propylene/1-butene, propylene/1-hexene, and propylene/1-octene.
  • Examples of combinations of three include ethylene/propylene/1-butene, ethylene/propylene/1-hexene, ethylene/propylene/1-octene, propylene/1-butene/hexene, and propylene/1-butene/1-octene.
  • the polar-group-containing monomers (Z1) according to the invention need to contain an epoxy group. So long as the olefin copolymer has epoxy groups, this copolymer can be laminated and bonded to bases made of highly polar thermoplastic resins, such as polyamide resins, polyester resins, ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymers (EVOH), and bondable fluororesins, and of metallic materials such as aluminum and steel.
  • highly polar thermoplastic resins such as polyamide resins, polyester resins, ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymers (EVOH), and bondable fluororesins, and of metallic materials such as aluminum and steel.
  • polar-group-containing monomers containing an epoxy group use can be suitably made of those shown above as examples with regard to the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A) described above.
  • any desired monomers which are identical with neither (X1) nor (Z1) can be used.
  • ethylene was selected as (X1)
  • ethylene cannot be used as (Z2)
  • other ⁇ -olefins such as, for example, 1-butene and 1-hexene are usable.
  • 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate glycidylether was selected as (Z1)
  • any monomer which is not 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate glycidylether can be used, such as, for example, an epoxy-group-containing monomer other than 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate glycidylether or an acid-anhydride-containing monomer.
  • the other monomers (Z2) are compounds which each essentially contain a carbon-carbon double bond in the molecule and which may have a substituent (polar group) containing an atom having an electronegativity different from that of the carbon atom but need to have the substituent.
  • polar group examples include halogens, hydroxy group (—OH), carboxyl group (—COOH), formyl group (—CHO), alkoxy groups (—OR), ester groups (—COOR), nitrile group (—CN), ether group (—O—), carbonyl group ( ⁇ CO), epoxy group, and acid anhydride groups.
  • the other monomers (Z2) according to the invention are classified into non-cyclic monomers or cyclic monomers by the position of the carbon-carbon double bond in the molecule.
  • the non-cyclic monomers each may have a cyclic structure in the molecule so long as the carbon-carbon double bond is located in the non-cyclic portion of the molecule.
  • non-cyclic monomers examples include ⁇ -olefins, unsaturated carboxylic acids, unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydrides (in the case where the carbon-carbon double bond is not in a circle), and (meth)acrylic acid esters.
  • the ⁇ -olefins according to the invention are ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 20 carbon atoms and are represented by the structural formula CH 2 ⁇ CHR 18 .
  • R 18 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1-18 carbon atoms.
  • R 18 may be linear, branched, or cyclic and may have an unsaturated bond.
  • R 18 may contain a heteroatom at any position therein.
  • Preferred examples among such ⁇ -olefins include ⁇ -olefins in which R 18 is a hydrogen atom or has 1-10 carbon atoms.
  • ⁇ -olefins include ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, vinylcyclohexene, 1,2-epoxy-4-vinylcyclohexene, styrene, 6-hydroxy-1-hexene, 8-hydroxy-1-octene, 9,10-oxy-1-decene, 7-(N,N-dimethylamino)-1-heptene, 3-triethoxysilyl-1-propene, ally alcohol, 2-allyloxyethanol, and ally acetate.
  • unsaturated carboxylic acids examples include methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, norbornenedicarboxylic acid, and bicyclo[2,2,1]hept-2-ene-5,6-dicarboxylic acid.
  • Examples of the unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydrides include itaconic anhydride and 2,7-octadien-1-ylsuccinic anhydride.
  • the (meth)acrylic acid esters according to the invention are compounds represented by the structural formula CH 2 ⁇ C(R 21 )CO 2 (R 22 ).
  • R 21 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1-10 carbon atoms, may be linear, branched, or cyclic, and may have an unsaturated bond.
  • R 22 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, may be linear, branched, or cyclic, and may have an unsaturated bond.
  • R 22 may contain a heteroatom at any position therein.
  • Preferred examples of the (meth)acrylic acid esters include (meth)acrylic acid esters in which R 21 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. More preferred examples thereof include acrylic acid esters in which R 21 is a hydrogen atom or methacrylic acid esters in which R 21 is methyl.
  • (meth)acrylic esters include methyl(meth)acrylate, ethyl(meth)acrylate, n-propyl(meth)acrylate, isopropyl(meth)acrylate, n-butyl(meth)acrylate, isobutyl(meth)acrylate, t-butyl(meth)acrylate, pentyl(meth)acrylate, hexyl(meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl(meth)acrylate, octyl(meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl(meth)acrylate, nonyl(meth)acrylate, decyl(meth)acrylate, dodecyl(meth)acrylate, phenyl(meth)acrylate, toluyl(meth)acrylate, benzyl(meth)acrylate, hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate, hydroxybutyl(meth)acrylate,
  • One (meth)acrylic acid ester may be used, or a plurality of (meth)acrylic acid esters may be used in combination.
  • Preferred compounds include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, and 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate glycidyl ether.
  • cyclic monomers examples include norbornene-based olefins and unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydrides (in the case where the carbon-carbon double bond is in a circle).
  • examples thereof further include compounds having the framework of a cycloolefin, such as cyclopentene, cyclohexene, norbornene, and ethylidenenorbornene, and derivative thereof which are compounds having a hydroxy group, alkoxide group, carboxylic acid group, ester group, aldehyde group, acid anhydride group, or epoxy group.
  • Examples of the unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydrides include maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride, 3,6-epoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, and tetracyclo[6.2.1.13,6.02,7]dodeca-9-ene-4,5-dicarboxylic acid anhydride.
  • Examples of the norbornene-based olefins include the compound represented by the following structural formula (E) or structural formula (F).
  • Structural formula (E) is norbornene having an acid anhydride group (a product of the Diels-Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene with maleic anhydride, i.e., 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride), and structural formula (F) is norbornene having a hydroxy group.
  • the polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B) according to the invention needs to include the units of monomers of three kinds in total, which include one or more monomers (X1), one or more monomers (Z1), and one or more monomers (Z2).
  • the amount of the structural unit of (X1) is 80.000 to 99.998 mol %, preferably 80.000 to 99.98 mol %, more preferably 80.000 to 99.94 mol %.
  • the amount of the structural unit of (Z1) is 0.001 to 19.999 mol %, preferably 0.01 to 15.000 mol %, more preferably 0.02 to 10.000 mol %, even more preferably 0.02 to 5.000 mol %.
  • the amount of the structural unit of (Z2) is 0.001 to 19.999 mol %, preferably 0.01 to 15.000 mol %, more preferably 0.02 to 10.000 mol %, even more preferably 0.02 to 5.000 mol %.
  • (X1)+(Z1)+(Z2) must be 100 mol %.
  • the crystallinity of the copolymer is determined by the contents of the monomers other than ethylene in cases when the polymerization was conducted in the presence of a transition metal catalyst and when ethylene was selected as (X1).
  • the content of (Z1) is a factor which strongly affects the crystallinity of the copolymer.
  • the inventors discovered a factor that affects adhesiveness, besides the content of (Z1) in the copolymer. Namely, the inventors discovered that a copolymer having a lower melting point shows higher adhesiveness. Specifically, the inventors showed that for further heightening adhesiveness, it is important that the copolymer should contain (Z1) in an amount of 0.001 mol % or larger and that another monomer (Z2) should be introduced to thereby lower the melting point of the copolymer.
  • the main purpose of copolymerizing monomer (Z2) in producing the copolymer is to control the melting point of the copolymer, and monomer (Z2) is not limited because of this.
  • monomer (Z1) is frequently expensive as compared with monomer (X1) and monomer (Z2).
  • a minimum amount of monomer (Z1) which is necessary for heightening adhesiveness may be determined first and the adhesiveness of the copolymer to be produced can be further heightened by further copolymerizing monomer (Z2) in an appropriate amount.
  • copolymers having a lower melting point and higher flexibility have higher adhesiveness.
  • a peel test such as those shown in JIS K6854, 1-4 (1999) “Adhesives—Peel Adhesion Strength Test Methods” is conducted, flexible adhesives themselves show a larger deformation and the magnitude of this deformation is measured as stress, resulting in high adhesiveness.
  • the melting point of the copolymer according to the invention can be regulated at will without changing the content of polar groups derived from monomer (Z1), the invention can attain both the adhesiveness and mechanical properties, in particular, impact resistance, of the copolymer.
  • the structure derived from one molecule of ethylene and/or an ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 10 carbon atoms (X1), the structure derived from one molecule of an epoxy-group-containing monomer (Z1), and the structure derived from one molecule of another monomer (Z2) are each defined as one structural unit within the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (B).
  • the proportion, in terms of mol %, of each structural unit in the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (B) is the amount of the structural unit.
  • the amount of the structural unit of (Z1) according to the invention is selected from the range of usually 0.001 to 19.999 mol %, preferably 0.01 to 15.000 mol %, more preferably 0.02 to 10.000 mol %, especially preferably 0.02 to 5.000 mol %. It is preferable that such structural units should be always present in the copolymer according to the invention. In case where the amount of structural units derived from the polar-group-containing monomer is less than that range, the adhesiveness to highly polar materials of different kinds is insufficient. In case where the amount thereof is larger than that range, sufficient mechanical properties are not obtained.
  • One polar-group-containing monomer may be used alone, or two or more polar-group-containing monomers may be used in combination. The amount of the structural unit of each monomer can be determined by the method employing 1 H-NMR described above.
  • the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B) according to the invention should be in the range of usually 1,000 to 2,000,000, preferably 10,000 to 1,500,000, more preferably 20,000 to 1,000,000, even more preferably 31,000 to 8000,000, especially preferably 33,000 to 800,000.
  • Mw thereof is less than 1,000, this copolymer is insufficient in properties such as mechanical strength and impact resistance.
  • this copolymer has exceedingly high melt viscosity and is difficult to mold.
  • the ratio of weight-average molecular weight (Mw) to number-average molecular weight (Mn), Mw/Mn, of the polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B) according to the invention should be in the range of usually 1.5 to 3.5, preferably 1.6 to 3.3, more preferably 1.7 to 3.0.
  • Mw/Mn thereof is less than 1.5, this copolymer is insufficient in suitability for various kinds of processing, including laminating.
  • the Mw/Mn thereof exceeds 3.5 this copolymer shows poor adhesion strength.
  • Mw/Mn is referred to as molecular-weight distribution parameter.
  • the multinary olefin copolymer (B) according to the invention needs to satisfy the following relationship between the melting point Tm (° C.) thereof and the content of the polar-group-containing monomer [Z1] therein.
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (B) according to the invention is a random copolymer of (X1), (Z1), and (Z2).
  • the polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B) according to the invention is characterized by being produced in the presence of a transition metal catalyst, and the molecular structure thereof is linear.
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A), polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′), and polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B) according to the invention are obtained by suitably copolymerizing the monomers using a transition metal catalyst.
  • the kind of the polymerization catalyst to be used for producing the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A), polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′), and polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B) according to the invention is not particularly limited so long as ethylene and/or one or more ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 20 carbon atoms can be copolymerized with one or more epoxy-group-containing monomers using the catalyst. Examples thereof include compounds of a Group-5 to Group-11 transition metal which has a chelatable ligand.
  • transition metal examples include a vanadium atom, niobium atom, tantalum atom, chromium atom, molybdenum atom, tungsten atom, manganese atom, iron atom, platinum atom, ruthenium atom, cobalt atom, rhodium atom, nickel atom, palladium atom, and copper atom.
  • vanadium atom vanadium atom
  • iron atom platinum atom
  • cobalt atom nickel atom
  • palladium atom palladium atom
  • rhodium atom a platinum atom, cobalt atom, nickel atom, and palladium atom.
  • One of these metals may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
  • the transition metal M of the transition metal catalyst according to the invention should be an element selected from the group consisting of nickel(II), palladium(II), platinum(II), cobalt(II), and rhodium(III), in particular, any of the Group-10 elements. Especially from the standpoints of cost, etc., nickel(II) is preferred.
  • the chelatable ligand includes a ligand which has at least two atoms selected from the group consisting of P, N, O, and S and which is bidentate or multidentate.
  • the chelatable ligand is electronically neutral or anionic. Examples of the structure thereof are shown in a survey made by Brookhart, et al. ( Chem. Rev., 2000, 100, 1169).
  • bidentate anionic P,O ligands include phosphorus sulfonic acids, phosphorus carboxylic acids, phosphorus phenols, and phosphorus enolates.
  • bidentate anionic N,O ligands include salicylaldiminates and pyridinecarboxylic acid.
  • Other examples include diimine ligands, diphenoxide ligands, and diamide ligands.
  • the structures of metal complexes obtained from chelatable ligands are represented by the following structural formula (A) and/or (B), to which an arylphosphine compound, arylarsine compound, or arylantimony compound that may have one or more substituents has coordinated.
  • M represents a transition metal belonging to any of Group 5 to Group 11 of the periodic table of elements, i.e., the transition metal described above.
  • X 1 represents oxygen, sulfur, —SO 3 —, or —CO 2 —.
  • Y 1 represents carbon or silicon.
  • Symbol n represents an integer of 0 or 1.
  • E 1 represents phosphorus, arsenic, or antimony.
  • R 3 and R 4 each independently represent hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group which has 1 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain a heteroatom.
  • the R 5 moieties each independently represent hydrogen, a halogen, or a hydrocarbon group which has 1 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain a heteroatom.
  • R 6 and R 7 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group which has 1 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain a heteroatom, OR 2 , CO 2 R 2 , CO 2 M′, C(O)N(R 1 ) 2 , C(O)R 2 , SR 2 , SO 2 R 2 , SOR 2 , OSO 2 R 2 , P(O)(OR 2 ) 2-y (R 1 ) y , CN, NHR 2 , N(R 2 ) 2 , Si(OR 1 ) 3-x (R 1 ) x , OSi(OR 1 ) 3-x (R 1 ) x , NO 2 , SO 3 M′, PO 3 M′ 2 , P(O)(OR 2 ) 2 M′, or an epoxy-containing group.
  • M′ represents an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, ammonium, quaternary ammonium, or phosphonium; x represents an integer of 0 to 3; and y represents an integer of 0 to 2.
  • R 6 and R 7 may be linked to each other to form an alicyclic ring, an aromatic ring, or a heterocycle containing a heteroatom selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. These rings each are a 5- to 8-membered ring, which may have one or more substituents thereon but need not have a substituent.
  • R 1 represents hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • R 2 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • L 1 represents a ligand coordinated to the M.
  • R 3 and L 1 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
  • More preferred is a transition metal complex represented by the following structural formula (C).
  • M represents a transition metal belonging to any of Group 5 to Group 11 of the periodic table of elements, i.e., the transition metal described above.
  • X 1 represents oxygen, sulfur, —SO 3 —, or —CO 2 —.
  • Y 1 represents carbon or silicon.
  • Symbol n represents an integer of 0 or 1.
  • E 1 represents phosphorus, arsenic, or antimony.
  • R 3 and R 4 each independently represent hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group which has 1 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain a heteroatom.
  • the R 5 moieties each independently represent hydrogen, a halogen, or a hydrocarbon group which has 1 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain a heteroatom.
  • R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , and R 11 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group which has 1 to 30 carbon atoms and may contain a heteroatom, OR 2 , CO 2 R 2 , CO 2 M′, C(O)N(R 1 ) 2 , C(O)R 2 , SR 2 , SO 2 R 2 , SOR 2 , OSO 2 R 2 , P(O)(OR 2 ) 2-y (R 1 ) y , CN, NHR 2 , N(R 2 ) 2 , Si(OR 1 ) 3-x (R 1 ) x , OSi(OR 1 ) 3-x (R 1 ) x , NO 2 , SO 3 M′, PO 3 M′ 2 , P(O)(OR 2 ) 2 M′, or an epoxy-containing group.
  • M′ represents an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, ammonium, quaternary ammonium, or phosphonium; x represents an integer of 0 to 3; and y represents an integer of 0 to 2.
  • two or more groups suitably selected from R 8 to R 11 may be linked to each other to form an alicyclic ring, an aromatic ring, or a heterocycle containing a heteroatom selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. These rings each are a 5- to 8-membered ring, which may have one or more substituents thereon but need not have a substituent.
  • R 1 represents hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • R 2 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • L 1 represents a ligand coordinated to the M.
  • R 3 and L 1 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
  • the catalyst including a Group-5 to Group-11 transition metal compound having a chelatable ligand are catalysts of the so-called SHOP type and Drent type.
  • the SHOP type catalyst is a catalyst including nickel metal and, coordinated thereto, a phosphorus-based ligand having an aryl group which may have a substituent (see, for example, International Publication WO 2010/050256).
  • the Drent type catalyst is a catalyst including palladium metal and, coordinated thereto, a phosphorus-based ligand having an aryl group which may have a substituent (see, for example, JP-A-2010-202647).
  • the activity in polymerization can be further heightened by a method in which an epoxy-group-containing monomer is brought into contact with a small amount of an organometallic compound and, thereafter, ethylene and/or an ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms is copolymerized with the epoxy-group-containing monomer in the presence of the transition metal catalyst.
  • the organometallic compound is an organometallic compound including one or more hydrocarbon groups which may have a substituent, and can be represented by the following structural formula (H).
  • R 30 represents a hydrocarbon group which has 1 to 12 carbon atoms and may have a substituent;
  • M30 is a metal selected from the group consisting of Group-1, Group-2, Group-12, and Group-13 elements of the periodic table;
  • X30 represents a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom;
  • m indicates the valence of the M30; and
  • n is 1 to m.
  • organometallic compound represented by structural formula (H) examples include alkylaluminums such as tri-n-butylaluminum, tri-n-hexylaluminum, tri-n-octylaluminum, and tri-n-decylaluminum and alkylaluminum halides such as methylaluminum dichloride, ethylaluminum dichloride, dimethylaluminum chloride, diethylaluminum chloride, and diethylaluminum ethoxide. It is preferred to select a trialkylaluminum. It is more preferred to select a trialkylaluminum having hydrocarbon groups having 4 or more carbon atoms.
  • trialkylaluminum having hydrocarbon groups having 6 or more carbon atoms It is even more preferred to select a trialkylaluminum having hydrocarbon groups having 6 or more carbon atoms. It is especially preferred to select tri-n-hexylaluminum, tri-n-octylaluminum, or tri-n-decylaluminum. Most suitable is tri-n-octylaluminum.
  • the organometallic compound should be contacted in such an amount that the molar ratio thereof to the polar-group-containing comonomer is from 10 ⁇ 5 to 0.9, preferably from 10 ⁇ 4 to 0.2, more preferably from 10 ⁇ 4 to 0.1.
  • the amount of the aluminum (Al) remaining in 1 g of each of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A), polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′), and polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B) according to the invention is desirably 100,000 ⁇ g Al /g or less, more desirably 70,000 ⁇ g Al /g or less, even more desirably 20,000 ⁇ g Al /g or less, especially desirably 10,000 ⁇ g Al /g or less, preferably 5,000 ⁇ g Al /g or less, more preferably 1,000 ⁇ g Al /g or less, most preferably 500 ⁇ g Al /g or less.
  • the amount of residual aluminum (Al) is preferably as small as possible.
  • the amount thereof may be as extremely small as about 1 ⁇ g Al /g, or may be 0 ⁇ g Al /g.
  • the unit ⁇ g Al /g means the amount, in ⁇ g, of aluminum (Al) contained in 1 g of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer.
  • the amount of the aluminum (Al) contained in the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A), polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′), or polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B) according to the invention can be calculated as the value obtained by dividing the amount of the aluminum contained in the alkylaluminum which was subjected to the polymerization by the amount of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer obtained.
  • the amount of the aluminum (Al) contained in the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A), polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′), or polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B) is calculated above from the amount of the alkylaluminum which was supplied for the polymerization.
  • the amount thereof may be determined by fluorescent X-ray analysis or inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis. In the case of using fluorescent X-ray analysis or ICP analysis, a measurement can be made, for example, by the following method.
  • a 3 to 10 g portion of a test specimen is weighed and molded with heating and pressing by means of a hot press to produce a platy sample having a diameter of 45 mm.
  • An examination is made on a central area having a diameter of 30 mm of the platy sample, using a scanning fluorescent X-ray analyzer “ZSX100e” (Rh tube, 4.0 kW), manufactured by Rigaku Industrial Corp., under the following conditions.
  • the content of aluminum can be determined from a calibration curve produced beforehand and from the results of the examination made under those conditions.
  • the calibration curve can be produced by examining a plurality of polyethylene resins for aluminum content by ICP analysis and further examining these polyethylene resins by fluorescent X-ray analysis under those conditions.
  • a test specimen, 3 mL of special-grade nitric acid, and 1 mL of an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution (hydrogen peroxide content, 30% by weight) are introduced into a vessel made of Teflon (registered trademark), and a thermal decomposing operation is conducted using a microwave decomposer (MLS-1200MEGA, manufactured by Milestone General K.K.) at a maximum output of 500 W to obtain a solution of the test specimen.
  • the test specimen solution is examined with an ICP spectrometer (IRIS-AP, manufactured by Thermo Jarrell Ash Corp.).
  • IRIS-AP manufactured by Thermo Jarrell Ash Corp.
  • the aluminum content can be thus determined.
  • For determining the aluminum content use is made of a calibration curve produced using standard solutions having known aluminum element concentrations.
  • Polymerization methods for producing the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A), polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′), and polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B) according to the invention are not limited.
  • slurry polymerization in which at least some of the yielded polymer forms a slurry in the medium
  • bulk polymerization in which the monomers themselves which have been liquefied are used as a medium
  • gas-phase polymerization in which the polymerization is conducted in vaporized monomers
  • high-pressure ionic polymerization in which at least some of the yielded polymer dissolves in the monomers which have been liquefied at a high temperature and a high pressure, or the like.
  • any of batch polymerization, semi-batch polymerization, and continuous polymerization may be used.
  • the polymerization may be living polymerization or may be one in which the monomers are polymerized while causing chain transfers.
  • chain shuttling reaction or coordinative chain transfer polymerization may be conducted using a so-called chain shuttling agent (CSA).
  • CSA chain shuttling agent
  • the olefin-based resin composition (D) is a composition obtained by incorporating 1 to 99,900 parts by weight of an olefin-based resin (C) into 100 parts by weight of a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′).
  • the amount of the olefin-based resin (C) to be incorporated is preferably 1 to 99,000 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 90,000 parts by weight, even more preferably 1 to 50,000 parts by weight, especially preferably 1 to 19,900 parts by weight.
  • the amount of the olefin-based resin (C) incorporated is less than 1 part by weight or is larger than 99,900 parts by weight, the olefin-based resin composition (D) shows poor adhesiveness.
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′) in the olefin-based resin composition (D) is a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer produced by a high-pressure radical process
  • the adhesiveness decreases drastically when an olefin-based resin (C) is incorporated thereinto even in a small amount.
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer in the olefin-based resin composition is a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′) according to the invention, the composition retains sufficient adhesiveness even when the proportion of the olefin-based resin (C) incorporated thereinto is high.
  • One polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′) or two or more polar-group-containing olefin copolymers (A′) may be contained in the olefin-based resin composition (D) according to the invention. Meanwhile, one olefin-based resin (C) or two or more olefin-based resins (C) may be used therein.
  • the olefin-based resin composition (D) according to the invention can be produced using known methods.
  • the composition can be produced by: a method in which a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A), an olefin-based resin (C), and other ingredients, which are added if desired, are melt-kneaded using a single-screw extruder, twin-screw extruder, kneader, Banbury mixer, reciprocating kneading machine (BUSS KNEADER), roll kneader, or the like; or a method in which a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′), an olefin-based resin (C), and other ingredients, which are added if desired, are dissolved in an appropriate good solvent (e.g., a hydrocarbon solvent such as hexane, heptane, decane, cyclohexane, or xylene) and the solvent
  • modifiers for resins and other ingredients may be incorporated into the olefin-based resin composition (D) according to the invention so long as the incorporation thereof does not depart from the spirit of the functions of the composition of the invention.
  • examples of such ingredients include butadiene-based rubbers, isobutylene rubbers, isoprene-based rubbers, natural rubber, nitrile rubbers, and petroleum resins.
  • One of these ingredients may be added alone, or a mixture thereof may be added.
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′) is a copolymer of ethylene and/or ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms with at least one epoxy-group-containing monomer.
  • the molecular structure of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′) and processes for producing the copolymer are basically the same as those for the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A) and polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B) according to the first aspect and second aspect of the invention.
  • the amount of structural units derived from a polar-group-containing monomer in the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′) according to the invention is selected from the range of usually 20 to 0.001 mol %, preferably 15 to 0.01 mol %, more preferably 10 to 0.02 mol %, especially preferably 5 to 0.02 mol %. It is preferable that such structural units should be always present in the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer according to the invention. In case where the amount of structural units derived from a polar-group-containing monomer is less than that range, the adhesiveness to highly polar materials of different kinds is insufficient. In case where the amount thereof is larger than that range, sufficient mechanical properties are not obtained.
  • One polar-group-containing monomer may be used alone, or two or more polar-group-containing monomers may be used in combination.
  • the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′) according to the invention should be in the range of usually 1,000 to 2,000,000, preferably 10,000 to 1,500,000, more preferably 20,000 to 1,000,000, even more preferably 31,000 to 800,000, especially preferably 33,000 to 800,000.
  • Mw thereof is less than 1,000, the composition is insufficient in properties such as mechanical strength and impact resistance and has poor adhesiveness to highly polar materials of different kinds.
  • the Mw thereof exceeds 2,000,000 the composition has exceedingly high melt viscosity and is difficult to mold.
  • the olefin-based resin (C) according to the invention is not particularly limited.
  • the olefin-based resin (C) can be selected from ethylene homopolymers, homopolymers obtained by polymerizing a monomer selected from ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, copolymers obtained by copolymerizing two or more monomers selected from ethylene and/or ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and copolymers of ethylene and/or one or more monomers selected from ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 20 carbon atoms with one or more vinyl monomers containing a polar group, these homopolymers and copolymers being obtained by high-pressure radical polymerization, high-, medium-, and low-pressure processes in which a Ziegler type, Phillips type, or single-site catalyst is used, and other known processes.
  • Preferred of these are ethylene homopolymers, copolymers of ethylene with one or more ⁇ -o
  • the homopolymers according to the invention are obtained by polymerizing ethylene only or polymerizing only one monomer selected from ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 20 carbon atoms. More preferred homopolymers are ethylene homopolymers, propylene homopolymers, 1-butene homopolymers, 1-hexene homopolymers, 1-octene homopolymers, 1-dodecene homopolymers, and the like. Even more preferred are ethylene homopolymers and propylene homopolymers.
  • the olefin-based copolymers according to the invention are olefin-based copolymers which each are obtained by copolymerizing two or more monomers selected from ethylene, ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloolefins, other vinyl monomers containing no polar group, and vinyl monomers containing a polar group and which include at least one monomer selected from ethylene or ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 20 carbon atoms. Two monomers may be subjected to polymerization, or three or more monomers may be subjected to polymerization.
  • Preferred olefin-based copolymers are copolymers of ethylene with one or more ⁇ -olefins selected from ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 20 carbon atoms and copolymers of ethylene with one or more cycloolefins selected from cycloolefins. More preferred are copolymers of ethylene with one or more ⁇ -olefins selected from propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene and copolymers of ethylene with norbornene.
  • cycloolefins examples include monocyclic olefins such as cyclohexene and cyclooctene, polycyclic olefins such as norbornene, norbornadiene, dicyclopentadiene, dihydrodicyclopentadiene, tetracyclododecene, tricyclopentadiene, dihydrotricyclopentadiene, tetracyclopentadiene, and dihydrotetracyclopentadiene, and substituted olefins formed by bonding functional groups to these olefins.
  • Preferred cycloolefins among these include norbornene.
  • Olefin-based copolymers in which norbornene has been copolymerized generally have a main-chain framework having an alicyclic structure and hence have low hygroscopicity. Furthermore, addition polymers thereof are excellent also in terms of heat resistance.
  • the monomers containing no polar group according to the invention are monomers which each have one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the molecular structure and in which the molecule is configured of elements that are carbon and hydrogen.
  • Examples thereof which exclude ethylene and the ⁇ -olefins shown above, include dienes, trienes, and aromatic vinyl monomers. Preferred are butadiene, isoprene, styrene, vinylcyclohexane, and vinylnorbornene.
  • the monomers containing a polar group according to the invention are not limited.
  • the monomers can be selected from (a) monomers containing a carboxylic acid group or acid anhydride group, (b) monomers containing an ester group, (c) monomers containing a hydroxyl group, (d) monomers containing an amino group, and (e) monomers containing a silane group.
  • Examples of the monomers (a) containing a carboxylic acid group or acid anhydride group include ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, and itaconic acid, the anhydrides of these acids, and unsaturated monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, furoic acid, crotonic acid, vinyl acetate, and pentenoic acid.
  • Examples of the monomers (b) containing an ester group include methyl(meth)acrylate, ethyl(meth)acrylate, (n- or iso-)propyl(meth)acrylate, and (n-, iso-, or tert-)butyl(meth)acrylate, and especially preferred examples thereof include methyl acrylate.
  • Examples of the monomers (c) containing a hydroxyl group include hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate and 2-hydroxypropyl(meth)acrylate.
  • Examples of the monomers (d) containing an amino group include aminoethyl(meth)acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl(meth)acrylate, diethylaminoethyl(meth)acrylate, and cyclohexylaminoethyl(meth)acrylate.
  • Examples of the monomers (e) containing a silane group include unsaturated silane compounds such as vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriacetylsilane, and vinyltrichlorosilane.
  • Processes for producing the olefin-based resin (C) according to the invention are not limited. Examples thereof include a high-pressure radical polymerization process, high-, medium-, and low-pressure processes in which a Ziegler type, Phillips type, or single-site catalyst is used, and other known processes.
  • the MFR of the olefin-based resin (C) which is measured in accordance with JIS K7120 (1999), conditions D under the conditions of a temperature of 190° C. and a load of 2.16 kg, should be in the range of usually 0.01 to 100 g/10 min, preferably 0.1 to 80 g/10 min, more preferably 0.3 to 50 g/10 min.
  • the MFR thereof exceeds 100 g/10 min, the composition is insufficient in properties such as mechanical strength and impact resistance.
  • the MFR thereof is less than 0.01 g/10 min, the composition has exceedingly high melt viscosity and is difficult to mold.
  • the density of the olefin-based resin (C), which is determined in accordance with JIS K7112, Method A (1999), should be in the range of usually 0.840 to 1.20 g/cm 3 , preferably 0.850 to 0.990 g/cm 3 , more preferably 0.860 to 0.980 g/cm 3 , especially preferably 0.870 to 0.970 g/cm 3 .
  • the density thereof exceeds 1.20 g/cm 3 , the composition is insufficient in properties such as impact resistance.
  • the density thereof is less than 0.840 g/cm 3 , the composition has poor heat resistance.
  • the olefin-based resin composition (D′) is the olefin-based resin composition (D) wherein the olefin-based resin (C) contained therein has been further limited in the range of density and the range of melting point. It has hence become possible to produce an olefin-based resin composition having a satisfactory balance between sufficient adhesiveness to materials of different kinds and heat resistance.
  • the olefin-based resin composition (D′) is basically identical with the olefin-based resin composition (D), except that the composition (D′) differs from the composition (D) in the ranges of the density and melting point of the olefin-based resin (C) contained as a component.
  • the density of the olefin-based resin (C) contained in the olefin-based resin composition (D′), which is determined in accordance with JIS K7112, Method A (1999), is preferably 0.890 to 1.20 g/cm 3 , more preferably 0.895 to 0.990 g/cm 3 , even more preferably 0.900 to 0.980 g/cm 3 .
  • the density thereof is less than that range, the composition has insufficient heat resistance.
  • the density thereof is higher than that range, the composition has poor impact resistance.
  • the melting point of the olefin-based resin (C) contained in the olefin-based resin composition (D′) is expressed in terms of the maximum-peak temperature in an endothermic curve determined with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).
  • the olefin-based resin (C) contained in the olefin-based resin composition (D′) can be a crystalline resin or an amorphous resin.
  • the melting point of the crystalline resin can be measured by the method of melting point measurement described above, there are cases where the amorphous resin shows no melting point.
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′) according to the invention is a crystalline resin, it is preferable that the olefin-based resin (C) should also have a melting point.
  • the olefin-based resin (C) may be an amorphous olefin-based resin.
  • the melting point of the olefin-based resin (C) contained in the olefin-based resin composition (D′), the melting point being measured by the method of melting point measurement described above, is preferably in the range of 90 to 170° C., more preferably in the range of 100 to 155° C., especially preferably in the range of 110 to 140° C. In case where the melting point thereof is lower than that range, the composition has insufficient heat resistance. In case where the melting point thereof is higher than that range, the composition shows poor adhesiveness.
  • the melting point of the olefin-based resin composition (D′) according to the invention is expressed in terms of the maximum-peak temperature in an endothermic curve determined with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).
  • the melting point of the olefin-based resin composition (D′) is preferably 119 to 170° C., more preferably 119.5 to 155° C., most preferably 120 to 140° C. In case where the melting point thereof is lower than that range, the composition has insufficient heat resistance. In case where the melting point thereof is higher than that range, the composition shows poor adhesiveness.
  • the heat of fusion ⁇ H of the olefin-based resin composition (D′) according to the invention is determined in accordance with JIS K7122 (1987). Namely, the heat of fusion thereof is determined from the area of the peak(s) appearing on an endothermic curve determined with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).
  • the heat of fusion ⁇ H thereof is preferably in the range of 80 to 300 J/g, more preferably in the range of 85 to 290 J/g, especially preferably in the range of 100 to 280 J/g. In case where the heat of fusion thereof is less than that range, this composition has insufficient heat resistance. In case where the heat of fusion thereof is larger than that range, this composition shows poor adhesiveness.
  • the olefin-based resin composition (D′′) is the olefin-based resin composition (D) wherein the olefin-based resin (C) contained therein has been further limited in the range of density and the range of melting point.
  • the adhesiveness to materials of other kinds can be markedly improved and the epoxy group content in the olefin-based resin composition can be reduced to a low value, thereby making it possible to avoid the crosslinking of molecular chains and gelation which are caused by the reaction between epoxy groups and to eliminate the fear that the mechanical properties, impact resistance, moldability, etc. may be impaired by the crosslinking or gelation.
  • the olefin-based resin composition (D′′) is basically identical with the olefin-based resin composition (D), except that the composition (D′′) differs from the composition (D) in the ranges of the density and melting point of the olefin-based resin (C) contained as a component.
  • the density of the olefin-based resin (C) according to the invention is desirably 0.840 to 0.932 g/cm 3 , more desirably 0.840 to 0.928 g/cm 3 , even more desirably 0.840 to 0.922 g/cm 3 , preferably 0.840 to 0.915 g/cm 3 , especially preferably 0.840 to 0.910 g/cm 3 .
  • the composition has poor adhesiveness.
  • the melting point of the olefin-based resin (C) contained in the olefin-based resin composition (D′′) is expressed in terms of the maximum-peak temperature in an endothermic curve determined with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).
  • the melting point thereof is desirably 30 to 124° C., more desirably 30 to 120° C., even more desirably 30 to 115° C., preferably 30 to 110° C., especially preferably 30 to 100° C.
  • the composition has poor adhesiveness.
  • the heat of fusion ⁇ H (J/g), which is calculated from the area of the peak(s) appearing on an endothermic curve obtained by a DSC measurement, depends on the crystallinity of the olefin-based resin. Consequently, as the crystallinity of the olefin-based resin becomes lower, the ⁇ H decreases and it becomes difficult to observe a peak on the endothermic curve. Namely, there are cases where olefin-based resins having a low crystallinity show no melting point defined by the maximum-peak temperature in an endothermic curve.
  • a resin which shows no melting point may be used so long as the resin has a low crystallinity and is flexible.
  • the heat of fusion ⁇ H (J/g) is a value calculated from the area of the peak(s) appearing on an endothermic curve obtained in a DSC measurement when heat flow (mW) and temperature (° C.) are plotted as ordinate and abscissa, respectively, and means the total amount of energy, in terms of J unit, which is absorbed when the crystals contained in 1 g of a specimen melt.
  • Additives such as an antioxidant, ultraviolet absorber, lubricant, antistatic agent, colorant, pigment, crosslinking agent, blowing agent, nucleating agent, flame retardant, conductive material, and filler may be incorporated into the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A), polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B), olefin-based resin composition (D), olefin-based resin composition (D′), and olefin-based resin composition (D′′) according to the invention so long as the incorporation thereof does not depart from the spirit of the invention.
  • A polar-group-containing olefin copolymer
  • B polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer
  • D olefin-based resin composition
  • D′ olefin-based resin composition
  • D′′ olefin-based resin composition
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A), polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B), olefin-based resin composition (D), olefin-based resin composition (D′), and olefin-based resin composition (D′′) according to the invention show high adhesiveness to other bases and have made it possible to produce industrially useful layered products.
  • the superiority of the use thereof as adhesives has been demonstrated by the data obtained in the Examples which will be given later and by comparisons between the Examples and the Comparative Examples.
  • the layered product according to the invention is a layered product which includes: a layer constituted of any of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A), polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B), olefin-based resin composition (D), olefin-based resin composition (D′), and olefin-based resin composition (D′′); and a base layer.
  • A polar-group-containing olefin copolymer
  • B polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer
  • D olefin-based resin composition
  • D′ olefin-based resin composition
  • D′′ olefin-based resin composition
  • the base examples include: films or sheets (including stretched or printed films or sheets) of thermoplastic resins having film-forming ability, such as polyethylene-based resins, e.g., high-density polyethylene, medium-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, and ethylene/acrylic ester copolymers, polypropylene-based resins, e.g., ionomers, propylene homopolymer resins, and copolymers of propylene with other ⁇ -olefin(s), olefin-based resins, e.g., poly(l-butene) and poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), vinyl-based polymers, e.g., poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinylidene chloride), polystyrene, polyacrylates, and polyacrylonitrile, polyamide-based resins, e.g., nylon-6, nylon-66, nylon-10, nylon
  • the base layer according to the invention can be suitably selected in accordance with the intended use thereof or the kind of the object to be wrapped.
  • a resin which is excellent in terms of transparency, rigidity, and gas permeation resistance such as a polyamide, poly(vinylidene chloride), ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH), poly(vinyl alcohol), or polyester.
  • EVOH ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymer
  • poly(vinyl alcohol) poly(vinyl alcohol)
  • polyester polyester
  • polypropylene or the like which is satisfactory in terms of transparency, rigidity, and water permeation resistance.
  • a resin having excellent fuel impermeability such as an EVOH, a polyamide, or a fluororesin.
  • barrier resins examples include polyamide-based resins, polyester-based resins, EVOH, poly(vinylidene chloride)-based resins, polycarbonate-based resins, oriented polypropylene (OPP), oriented polyesters (OPET), oriented polyamides, films coated by vapor deposition of an inorganic metal oxide, such as films coated with vapor-deposited alumina and films coated with vapor-deposited silica, films coated by vapor deposition of a metal, such as films coated with vapor-deposited aluminum, and metal foils.
  • polyamide-based resins examples include polyamide-based resins, polyester-based resins, EVOH, poly(vinylidene chloride)-based resins, polycarbonate-based resins, oriented polypropylene (OPP), oriented polyesters (OPET), oriented polyamides, films coated by vapor deposition of an inorganic metal oxide, such as films coated with vapor-deposited alumina and films coated with vapor-deposited silica, films coated by vapor
  • the layered product according to the invention is suitable for use as, for example, packaging materials for foods.
  • the foods include snack confections such as potato chips, confectionery including biscuits, rice crackers, and chocolates, powdery seasonings such as powdered soup, and foods such as flakes of dried bonito and smoked foods.
  • a pouch container can be formed by disposing the layered product so that the surface of the layer of an ethylene-based copolymer faces to itself and heat-sealing at least some of the superposed edges.
  • pouch containers are suitable for use, for example, for packaging aqueous matter and as general-purpose bags, liquid-soup packages, paper vessels for liquids, raw sheets for laminating, special-shape packaging bags for liquids (e.g., standing pouches), standardized bags, heavy-duty bags, semi-heavy-duty bags, wrapping films, sugar bags, packaging bags for oily matter, various packaging containers such as containers for food packaging, and transfusion bags.
  • processing techniques for producing the layered product according to the invention include conventionally known techniques such as ordinary press molding, extrusion molding techniques such as air-cooled inflation molding, inflation molding with two-stage air cooling, high-speed inflation molding, flat-die molding (T-die molding), and water-cooled inflation molding, laminating techniques such as extrusion laminating, sandwich laminating, and dry laminating, blow molding, air-pressure forming, injection molding, and rotational molding.
  • extrusion molding techniques such as air-cooled inflation molding, inflation molding with two-stage air cooling, high-speed inflation molding, flat-die molding (T-die molding), and water-cooled inflation molding
  • laminating techniques such as extrusion laminating, sandwich laminating, and dry laminating
  • blow molding air-pressure forming, injection molding, and rotational molding.
  • the laminate according to the invention is a layered product which can be produced by a known laminating technique such as, for example, extrusion laminating, sandwich laminating, or dry laminating.
  • This laminate is a layered product which can be produced by laminating a laminating material with at least one base layer, the laminating material including any of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A), polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B), olefin-based resin composition (D), olefin-based resin composition (D′), and olefin-based resin composition (D′′) of the invention.
  • A polar-group-containing olefin copolymer
  • B polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer
  • D olefin-based resin composition
  • D′ olefin-based resin composition
  • D′′ olefin-based resin composition
  • the extrusion-molded article according to the invention is an extrusion-molded article obtained by molding any of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A), polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B), olefin-based resin composition (D), olefin-based resin composition (D′), and olefin-based resin composition (D′′) according to the invention by extrusion molding.
  • A polar-group-containing olefin copolymer
  • B polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer
  • D olefin-based resin composition
  • D′ olefin-based resin composition
  • D′′ olefin-based resin composition
  • the multilayered coextrusion-molded article according to the invention is a multilayered coextrusion-molded article which can be molded by known multilayer coextrusion molding, and which at least includes a layer including any of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A), polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B), olefin-based resin composition (D), olefin-based resin composition (D′), and olefin-based resin composition (D′′) of the invention.
  • A polar-group-containing olefin copolymer
  • B polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer
  • D olefin-based resin composition
  • D′ olefin-based resin composition
  • D′′ olefin-based resin composition
  • the multilayered film according to the invention is a multilayered film which can be produced by a known technique for multilayered-film molding, and which at least includes a base layer and a layer that includes any of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A), polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B), olefin-based resin composition (D), olefin-based resin composition (D′), and olefin-based resin composition (D′′) of the invention.
  • A polar-group-containing olefin copolymer
  • B polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer
  • D olefin-based resin composition
  • D′ olefin-based resin composition
  • D′′ olefin-based resin composition
  • the multilayered blow-molded article according to the invention is a multilayered blow-molded article which can be produced by known multilayer blow-molding, and which at least includes a base layer and a layer that includes any of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A), polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B), olefin-based resin composition (D), olefin-based resin composition (D′), and olefin-based resin composition (D′′) of the invention.
  • A polar-group-containing olefin copolymer
  • B polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer
  • D olefin-based resin composition
  • D′ olefin-based resin composition
  • D′′ olefin-based resin composition
  • the multilayered tubular molded article according to the invention is a multilayered tubular molded article which can be produced by a known technique for molding multilayered tubular objects, and which at least includes a base layer and a layer that includes any of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A), polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B), olefin-based resin composition (D), olefin-based resin composition (D′), and olefin-based resin composition (D′′) of the invention.
  • A polar-group-containing olefin copolymer
  • B polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer
  • D olefin-based resin composition
  • D′ olefin-based resin composition
  • D′′ olefin-based resin composition
  • the multilayered sheet according to the invention is a multilayered sheet which can be produced by known multilayered-sheet molding, and which at least includes a base layer and a layer that includes any of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A), polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B), olefin-based resin composition (D), olefin-based resin composition (D′), and olefin-based resin composition (D′′) of the invention.
  • A polar-group-containing olefin copolymer
  • B polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer
  • D olefin-based resin composition
  • D′ olefin-based resin composition
  • D′′ olefin-based resin composition
  • the injection-molded article according to the invention is an injection-molded article obtained by molding any of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A), polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B), olefin-based resin composition (D), olefin-based resin composition (D′), and olefin-based resin composition (D′′) according to the invention by injection molding.
  • known techniques can be used for producing the injection-molded article according to the invention.
  • the multilayered injection-molded article according to the invention is a multilayered injection-molded article which at least includes a layer including any of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A), polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B), olefin-based resin composition (D), olefin-based resin composition (D′), and olefin-based resin composition (D′′) of the invention and which can be produced by superposing a plurality of layers using injection molding.
  • the multilayered injection-molded article may have any configuration so long as two or more materials have been disposed in a multilayer arrangement.
  • the multilayered injection-molded article according to the invention can be molded by a known injection molding technique capable of multilayer injection molding.
  • the coated metallic member according to the invention is a coated metallic member which can be produced by coating a metal with any of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A), polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer (B), olefin-based resin composition (D), olefin-based resin composition (D′), and olefin-based resin composition (D′′) as a metal-covering material.
  • A polar-group-containing olefin copolymer
  • B polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymer
  • D olefin-based resin composition
  • D′ olefin-based resin composition
  • D′′ olefin-based resin composition
  • test methods used for examining properties of polar-group-containing olefin copolymers produced in the invention and the test methods used for examining the layered products obtained are as follows.
  • Weight-average molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
  • Molecular-weight distribution parameter was determined by further determining the number-average molecular weight (Mn) by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and calculating the ratio between Mw and Mn, i.e., Mw/Mn.
  • Melting point is expressed by the peak temperature in an endothermic curve determined with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).
  • DSC differential scanning calorimeter
  • Adhesion strength was measured by preparing both a test sample in a pressed-plate form and various base films, stacking and hot-pressing the test sample and each of the base films to thereby produce a layered product, and subjecting the layered product to a peel test. The steps of the preparation methods and measuring method are explained in order.
  • a test sample was placed in a mold for hot pressing which had dimensions of 50 mm ⁇ 60 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm.
  • a hot press having a surface temperature of 180° C.
  • preheating was conducted for 5 minutes and pressurization and depressurization were repeated to thereby remove the gas remaining in the molten resin.
  • the resin was pressed at 4.9 MPa and held for 5 minutes.
  • the mold was transferred to a press having a surface temperature of 25° C., and the resin was held for 3 minutes at a pressure of 4.9 MPa to thereby cool the resin.
  • a pressed plate having a thickness of about 0.5 mm was produced.
  • a multilayer T-die molding machine was used to mold a two-kind three-layer film composed of an EVOH as the central layer and LLDPE as both outer layers. Thereafter, the LLDPE as the outer layers was peeled off to thereby prepare an EVOH single-layer film having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m.
  • the film molding conditions are as follows.
  • Interlayer EVOH (trade name: EVAL F101B, manufactured by Kuraray Co. Ltd.)
  • a multilayer T-die molding machine was used to mold a two-kind three-layer film composed of a polyamide as the central layer and LLDPE as both outer layers. Thereafter, the LLDPE as the outer layers was peeled off to thereby prepare a polyamide single-layer film having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m.
  • the film molding conditions are as follows.
  • Interlayer polyamide (trade name: Amilan CM1021FS, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.)
  • a multilayer T-die molding machine was used to mold a two-kind three-layer film composed of a polyester as the central layer and LLDPE as both outer layers. Thereafter, the LLDPE as the outer layers was peeled off to thereby prepare a polyester single-layer film having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m.
  • the film molding conditions are as follows.
  • Interlayer poly(ethylene terephthalate) (trade name: Novapex IG229Z, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corp.)
  • a multilayer T-die molding machine was used to mold a two-kind three-layer film composed of a fluororesin as the central layer and LLDPE as both outer layers. Thereafter, the LLDPE as the outer layers was peeled off to thereby prepare a fluororesin single-layer film having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m.
  • the film molding conditions are as follows.
  • Interlayer fluororesin (trade name: Neoflon EFEP RP-5000, manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.)
  • the pressed plate of a test sample obtained by the Method for Preparing Pressed Plate given above and the EVOH film which had been obtained by the Method for Preparing EVOH Film given above and cut into dimensions of 50 mm ⁇ 60 mm were stacked and placed in a mold for hot pressing which had dimensions of 50 mm ⁇ 60 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm.
  • a hot press having a surface temperature of 200° C. the stack was pressed at 4.9 MPa for 3 minutes. Thereafter, the mold was transferred to a press having a surface temperature of 25° C., and the work was held for 3 minutes at a pressure of 4.9 MPa to thereby cool the work.
  • a layered product of the pressed test-sample plate with the EVOH was prepared.
  • the pressed plate of a test sample obtained by the Method for Preparing Pressed Plate given above and the polyamide film which had been obtained by the Method for Preparing Polyamide Film given above and cut into dimensions of 50 mm ⁇ 60 mm were stacked and placed in a mold for hot pressing which had dimensions of 50 mm ⁇ 60 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm.
  • a hot press having a surface temperature of 250° C. the stack was pressed at 4.9 MPa for 5 minutes. Thereafter, the mold was transferred to a press having a surface temperature of 25° C., and the work was held for 3 minutes at a pressure of 4.9 MPa to thereby cool the work.
  • a layered product of the pressed test-sample plate with the polyamide was prepared.
  • the pressed plate of a test sample obtained by the Method for Preparing Pressed Plate given above and the polyester film which had been obtained by the Method for Preparing Polyester Film given above and cut into dimensions of 50 mm ⁇ 60 mm were stacked and placed in a mold for hot pressing which had dimensions of 50 mm ⁇ 60 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm.
  • a hot press having a surface temperature of 200° C. the stack was pressed at 4.9 MPa for 3 minutes. Thereafter, the mold was transferred to a press having a surface temperature of 25° C., and the work was held for 3 minutes at a pressure of 4.9 MPa to thereby cool the work.
  • a layered product of the pressed test-sample plate with the polyester was prepared.
  • the pressed plate of a test sample obtained by the Method for Preparing Pressed Plate given above and the fluororesin film which had been obtained by the Method for Preparing Fluororesin Film given above and cut into dimensions of 50 mm ⁇ 60 mm were stacked and placed in a mold for hot pressing which had dimensions of 50 mm ⁇ 60 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm.
  • a hot press having a surface temperature of 200° C. the stack was pressed at 4.9 MPa for 3 minutes. Thereafter, the mold was transferred to a press having a surface temperature of 25° C., and the work was held for 3 minutes at a pressure of 4.9 MPa to thereby cool the work.
  • a layered product of the pressed test-sample plate with the fluororesin was prepared.
  • Each layered product obtained by the Method for Preparing Layered Product was cut into a width of 10 mm and subjected to T-peeling at a speed of 50 mm/min using Tensilon (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Ltd.), thereby measuring the adhesion strength.
  • the unit of the adhesion strength is gf/10 mm.
  • the test sample layer or the base layer yields and ruptures during the peel test. This is a phenomenon which occurs since the adhesion strength of the layered product is higher than the lower of the tensile strengths at rupture of the test sample layer and base layer; it can be deemed that the adhesiveness thereof is exceedingly high.
  • adhesion strength was unable to be measured due to the phenomenon, this result is indicated by “peeling impossible” in the column “Adhesion strength” for the Example; it is deemed that the test sample had been more highly bonded than those in layered products in which values of adhesion strength were measured.
  • a test sample was placed in a mold for hot pressing which had dimensions of 50 mm ⁇ 60 mm and a thickness of 1 mm.
  • a hot press having a surface temperature of 180° C.
  • preheating was conducted for 5 minutes and pressurization and depressurization were repeated to thereby remove the gas remaining in the molten resin.
  • the resin was pressed at 4.9 MPa and held for 5 minutes.
  • the mold was transferred to a press having a surface temperature of 25° C., and the resin was held for 3 minutes at a pressure of 4.9 MPa to thereby cool the resin.
  • a pressed test-sample plate having a thickness of about 0.9 mm was produced.
  • test-sample plate prepared by the Method for Preparing Pressed Plate of Test Sample was cut into a width of 10 mm to produce a test piece for chemical-resistance evaluation.
  • This test piece for evaluation was placed in a pressure vessel, and a three-chemical mixture solution obtained by mixing 455 mL of isooctane, 455 mL of toluene, and 90 mL of ethanol was added thereto.
  • This pressure vessel was placed in an oven regulated so as to have a temperature of 60° C. After 24 hours, the test piece for evaluation was taken out. The test piece was then air-dried in a draft for further 24 hours.
  • a specimen was placed in a mold for hot pressing which had a thickness of 1.0 mm.
  • a hot press having a surface temperature of 180° C.
  • preheating were conducted for 5 minutes and pressurization and depressurization were repeated to thereby remove the gas remaining in the molten resin.
  • the resin was pressed at 4.9 MPa and held for 5 minutes.
  • the mold was transferred to a press having a surface temperature of 25° C., and the resin was held for 3 minutes at a pressure of 4.9 MPa to thereby cool the resin.
  • a pressed specimen plate having a thickness of about 1.0 mm was produced.
  • a disk having a diameter of 25 mm was cut out of the pressed specimen plate, and this disk as a sample was examined for dynamic viscoelasticity using rotational rheometer Type ARES, manufactured by Rheometrics Inc., as a device for dynamic viscoelasticity measurement in a nitrogen atmosphere under the following conditions.
  • Plate parallel plate having a diameter of 25 mm
  • Range of measuring angular frequencies 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 rad/s
  • the amount of aluminum (Al) contained in each polar-group-containing olefin copolymer can be determined by: a method in which the amount thereof is calculated by dividing the amount of the aluminum (Al) contained in the alkylaluminum that was supplied for the polymerization by the amount of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer obtained; and a method in which the amount thereof is determined by fluorescent X-ray analysis.
  • the aluminum content was calculated using the following calculation formula.
  • the unit ⁇ g Al /g means the amount, in ⁇ g, of aluminum (Al) contained in 1 g of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer.
  • each polar-group-containing olefin copolymer was determined using fluorescent X-ray analysis. A detailed explanation was given hereinabove.
  • the polymerization activity indicates the amount (g) of the copolymer yielded per mol of the complex used for the polymerization. Incidentally, the polymerization activity was calculated on the assumption that the ligand and the palladium bisdibenzylideneacetone had reacted in a ratio of 1:1 to form the palladium complex.
  • Example 1-1 The same procedure as in Example 1-1 was conducted, except that 20.9 mL (0.2 mol) of 4-vinyl-1,2-epoxycyclohexane was used as a polar-group-containing comonomer and the amount of the transition metal complex was changed to 50 and that the polymerization pressure, polymerization temperature, and polymerization period were 2.3 MPa, 100° C., and 240 minutes, respectively.
  • the conditions and results of the polymerization are shown in Table 1, and the results of the property examinations are shown in Table 2.
  • Example 1-1 The same procedure as in Example 1-1 was conducted, except that 54 mL (0.3 mol) of 4-HBAGE was used as a polar-group-containing comonomer, the amount of the transition metal complex was changed to 50 ⁇ mol, and the polymerization temperature and the polymerization period were changed to 90° C. and 70 minutes, respectively.
  • the conditions and results of the polymerization are shown in Table 1, and the results of the property examinations are shown in Table 2.
  • Ligand B-27DM which is shown below, was obtained in accordance with the method described in International Publication WO 2010/050256 (Synthesis Example 4).
  • Ni(COD)2 bis-1,5-cyclooctadienenickel(0)
  • the temperature was kept at 100° C. and ethylene was continuously fed so as to maintain the pressure.
  • the monomers were polymerized for 80 minutes. Thereafter, the autoclave was cooled and depressurized to terminate the reaction.
  • the reaction solution was poured into 1 L of acetone to precipitate a polymer.
  • the resultant polymer was recovered through filtration and washing and then dried at 60° C. under vacuum until a constant weight was reached.
  • the polar-group-containing monomer which had remained in the polar-group-containing copolymer was removed, and the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer was finally recovered in an amount of 28 g.
  • the polymerization activity indicates the amount (g) of the copolymer yielded per mol of the complex used for the polymerization.
  • the polymerization activity was calculated on the assumption that the B-27DM and the Ni(COD)2 had reacted in a ratio of 1:1 to form the nickel complex.
  • the 4-HBAGE subjected to the copolymerization was one which had been dehydrated with molecular sieve 3A.
  • Polar-group-containing olefin copolymers of Examples 1-5 to 1-12 were prepared by conducting polymerization in the same manner as in Example 1-4, except that the amount of the ligand, concentration of the polar-group-containing monomer, polymerization temperature, and polymerization period were changed. The conditions and results of the polymerization are shown in Table 1, and the results of the property examinations are shown in Table 2.
  • Polymerization was conducted basically in the same manner as in Example 1-4, except that the ethylene replenishment after initiation of the polymerization was omitted.
  • the amount of the ligand, concentration of the polar-group-containing monomer, polymerization temperature, and polymerization period were changed in performing the polymerization.
  • polar-group-containing olefin copolymers of Examples 1-13 to 1-15 were prepared.
  • the conditions and results of the polymerization are shown in Table 1, and the results of the property examinations are shown in Table 2.
  • the partial ethylene pressure at the time of termination of the polymerization is lower than that at the time of the polymerization initiation because ethylene replenishment is omitted.
  • the expression “2.5 ⁇ 1.5” in the column “Partial ethylene pressure” in Table 1 indicates that the partial ethylene pressure at polymerization initiation was 2.5 MPa and the partial ethylene pressure at polymerization termination was 1.5 MPa (the same applies hereinafter).
  • Ligand B-114 which is shown below, was obtained in accordance with the method described in JP-A-2013-043871 (Synthesis Example 4).
  • the whole Ni(COD)2 toluene solution (20 mL) obtained here was introduced into the eggplant type flask containing the B-114, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes on a 40° C. water bath, thereby obtaining 20 mL of a 10-mmol/L solution of a product of reaction between the B-114 and the Ni(COD)2.
  • the temperature was kept at 90° C.
  • the monomers were polymerized for 46 minutes. Thereafter, the autoclave was cooled and depressurized to terminate the reaction.
  • the reaction solution was poured into 1 L of acetone to precipitate a polymer.
  • the resultant polymer was recovered through filtration and washing and then dried at 60° C. under vacuum until a constant weight was reached.
  • the polar-group-containing monomer which had remained in the polar-group-containing copolymer was removed, and the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer was finally recovered in an amount of 32 g.
  • the conditions and results of the polymerization are shown in Table 1, and the results of the property examinations are shown in Table 2.
  • the polymerization activity indicates the amount (g) of the copolymer yielded per mol of the complex used for the polymerization.
  • the partial ethylene pressure at the time of termination of the polymerization is lower than that at the time of the polymerization initiation because ethylene replenishment is omitted.
  • the polymerization activity was calculated on the assumption that the B-114 and the Ni(COD)2 had reacted in a ratio of 1:1 to form the nickel complex.
  • the 4-HBAGE subjected to the copolymerization was one which had been dehydrated with molecular sieve 3A.
  • Example 1-4 The same procedure as in Example 1-4 was conducted, except that neither the polar-group-containing comonomer nor tri-n-octylaluminum (TNOA) was used and the amount of the transition metal complex was changed to 0.2 ⁇ mol, and that the polymerization pressure, polymerization temperature, and polymerization period were 3.0 MPa, 100° C., and 30 minutes, respectively.
  • the conditions and results of the polymerization are shown in Table 1, and the results of the property examinations are shown in Table 2.
  • This Comparative Example is a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (trade name: Bondfast E, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) which is a copolymer of ethylene with glycidyl methacrylate and was produced by a high-pressure process.
  • Bondfast E manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Table 2 The results of the property examinations are shown in Table 2.
  • This Comparative Example is a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (trade name: Bondfast 2C, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) which is a copolymer of ethylene with glycidyl methacrylate and was produced by a high-pressure process.
  • Bondfast 2C a copolymer of ethylene with glycidyl methacrylate
  • Example I 150 1,2-epoxy-9-decene 200 25 1.0 100 120 72 4.8E+05 1-1
  • Example I 50 1,2-epoxy-4-vinyl- 200 21 2.0 100 240 85 1.7E+06 1-2 cyclohexane
  • Example I 50 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate 300 54 1.0 90 70 58 1.2E+06 1-3 glycidylether
  • Example B27DM 24 0.1 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate 15 2.7 2.5 100 80 28 1.2E+06 1-4 glycidylether
  • Example B27DM 30 0.15 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate 15 2.7 2.5 105 60 38 1.3E+06 1-5 glycidylether
  • Example B27DM 30 0.1 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate 15 2.7 2.5 110 61 45 1.5E+06 1-6 glycidylether
  • Example B27DM 20 0.1 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate 15 2.7 2.5 90 50 41 2.0E+06 1-7 glycidylether
  • Example 1-1 1,2-epoxy-9-decene 4.9 2.82 122.8 ND peeling ND ND ND 0.71 good 0.0 ND impossible
  • Example 1-2 1, 2-epoxy-4-vinyl- 10.0 2.04 130.9 63.3 650 ND ND ND 0.08 good 0.0 ND cyclohexane
  • Example 1-3 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate 8.0 2.68 122.2 ND peeling ND ND ND 0.78 good 0.0 ND glycidylether impossible
  • Example 1-4 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate 7.5 2.17 121.1 ND peeling ND ND ND 0.95 good 97.8 ND glycidylether impossible
  • Example 1-5 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate 7.0 2.09 122.3 ND peeling ND ND ND 0.82 good 106.8 ND glycidylether impossible
  • Example 1-6 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate 6.0 2.
  • Example 1-1 to Example 1-16 each have an amount of polar-group structural units of 0.001 mol % or larger and have practically sufficient adhesiveness of the polyamide.
  • Example 1-1 to Example 1-14 each have a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 33,000 or higher and show excellent adhesiveness to the polyamide.
  • Comparative Example 1 contains no polar group and does not adhere to the polyamide at all. It was thus demonstrated that a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer has sufficient adhesiveness to highly polar bases so long as the amount of polar-group structural units contained in the copolymer is 0.001 mol % or large.
  • Examples 1-1 to 1-3, Examples 1-4 to 1-15, and Example 1-16 are polar-group-containing olefin copolymers produced by different production processes. These polar-group-containing olefin copolymers, although produced by different production processes, each show sufficient adhesiveness. This fact showed that for producing a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer having sufficiently high adhesiveness to highly polar materials, any process in which monomers are polymerized in the presence of a specific transition metal catalyst can be used without particular limitations and that processes for producing the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer according to the invention are not limited.
  • Example 1-11 and Example 1-12 have practically sufficient adhesiveness not only to the polyamide resin but also to the EVOH, polyester, and fluororesin. This fact has made it clear that materials to which the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer of the invention has adhesiveness are not limited to a specific highly polar material, and the copolymer has sufficient adhesiveness to highly polar materials of various kinds.
  • Example 1-1 to Example 1-16 have high adhesiveness and, despite this, show sufficient chemical resistance.
  • Comparative Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-3 have insufficient chemical resistance although satisfactory in terms of adhesiveness. The cause of this is presumed to be a difference in molecular structure.
  • Example 1-1 to Example 1-16 have a linear molecular structure since the copolymers were produced in the presence of a transition metal catalyst.
  • Comparative Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-3 are known to have been produced by a high-pressure process, and these copolymers are thought to have a molecular structure which has too large an amount of short-chain branches and long-chain branches.
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer according to the invention is a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer which not only has high adhesiveness to highly polar materials but also is prominent in chemical resistance.
  • the amount of polar-group-containing structural units was determined using a 1 H-NMR spectrum. Specifically, the amount thereof was determined by the method described in Experiment Example 1 and hereinabove.
  • Weight-average molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
  • Molecular-weight distribution parameter was determined by further determining the number-average molecular weight (Mn) by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and calculating the ratio between Mw and Mn, i.e., Mw/Mn.
  • Mw/Mn number-average molecular weight
  • Adhesion strength was measured by preparing both a pressed plate of a test sample and various base films, stacking and hot-pressing the pressed plate and each of the base films to thereby produce a layered product, and subjecting the layered product to a peel test. The measurement was made through the same steps as in Experiment Example 1.
  • Pellets of each of the resin compositions of the Examples and Comparative Examples were placed in a mold for hot pressing which had a thickness of 1 mm.
  • a hot press having a surface temperature of 230° C.
  • preheating was conducted for 5 minutes and pressurization and depressurization were repeated to thereby melt the resin and remove the gas remaining in the molten resin.
  • the resin was pressed at 4.9 MPa and held for 5 minutes. Thereafter, the resin in the state of being pressed at 4.9 MPa was gradually cooled at a rate of 10° C./min.
  • the molded plate was taken out of the mold.
  • the molded plate obtained was conditioned for 48 hours or longer in an atmosphere having a temperature of 23 ⁇ 2° C. and a humidity of 50 ⁇ 5° C. Test pieces having the shape of ASTM D1822 Type-S were punched out of the conditioned pressed plate to obtain a test sample for tensile impact strength.
  • test pieces were used to measure the tensile impact strength thereof by reference to JIS K 7160-1996, Method B.
  • the shape of the test pieces is the only point in which the conditions were different from those in JIS K 7160-1996. With respect to the other conditions, etc., the test was performed by a method according to JIS K 7160-1996.
  • a SHOP type ligand (B-27DM) was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1-4.
  • the polar-group-containing monomer which had remained in the polar-group-containing copolymer was removed, and the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer was finally recovered in an amount of 19.4 g.
  • the conditions and results of the polymerization are shown in Table 3, and the results of the property examinations are shown in Table 4.
  • the polymerization activity was calculated on the assumption that the B-27DM and the Ni(COD)2 had reacted in a ratio of 1:1 to form the nickel complex.
  • the 4-HBAGE subjected to the copolymerization was one which had been dehydrated with molecular sieve 3A.
  • Example 2-2 Comparative Example 2-1, and Comparative Example 2-2
  • Polar-group-containing olefin copolymers of Example 2-2, Comparative Example 2-1, and Comparative Example 2-2 were prepared by conducting polymerization in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that the amount of the ligand, kinds of the comonomers, monomer concentrations, polymerization temperature, and polymerization period were changed.
  • the conditions and results of the polymerization are shown in Table 3, and the results of the property examinations are shown in Table 4.
  • Ligand B-111 which is shown below, was obtained in accordance with JP-A-2013-043871 (Synthesis Example 1).
  • Ni(COD)2 bis-1,5-cyclooctadienenickel(0)
  • the polar-group-containing monomer which had remained in the polar-group-containing copolymer was removed, and the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer was finally recovered in an amount of 21.0 g.
  • the conditions and results of the polymerization are shown in Table 3, and the results of the property examinations are shown in Table 4.
  • the polymerization activity was calculated on the assumption that the B-111 and the Ni(COD)2 had reacted in a ratio of 1:1 to form the nickel complex.
  • the 4-HBAGE subjected to the copolymerization was one which had been dehydrated with molecular sieve 3A.
  • a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer of Example 2-4 was prepared by conducting polymerization in the same manner as in Example 2-3, except that the amount of the ligand, kinds of the comonomers, monomer concentrations, polymerization temperature, and polymerization period were changed.
  • the conditions and results of the polymerization are shown in Table 3, and the results of the property examinations are shown in Table 4.
  • This Comparative Example is an olefin copolymer (trade name: Kernel KF370, manufactured by Japan Polyethylene Corp.) which is a copolymer of ethylene, propylene, and hexene and was produced with a metallocene-based catalyst.
  • the results of the property examinations are shown in Table 4.
  • This Comparative Example is a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (trade name: Bondfast E, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) which is a copolymer of ethylene with glycidyl methacrylate and was produced by a high-pressure process.
  • Bondfast E manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Table 4 The results of the property examinations are shown in Table 4.
  • This Comparative Example is a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (trade name: Bondfast 2C, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) which is a copolymer of ethylene with glycidyl methacrylate and was produced by a high-pressure process.
  • Bondfast 2C a copolymer of ethylene with glycidyl methacrylate
  • Example 2-1 4-hydroxybutyl butyl 5.6 2.33 1.80 101.3 117.2 ND 139 ND 950 2292 ND acrylate acrylate glycidylether
  • Example 2-2 4-hydroxybutyl butyl 5.5 2.63 1.83 98.6 117.0 ND 235 ND 1010 2700 ND acrylate acrylate glycidylether
  • Example 2-3 4-hydroxybutyl butyl 5.3 1.96 1.46 94.8 119.2 ND 193 184 1106 2575 ND acrylate acrylate glycidylether
  • Example 2-4 4-hydroxybutyl butyl 14.5 2.10 0.21 125.7 126.7 56.7 230 ND 1551 ND 2010 acrylate acrylate glycidylether Comparative 4-hydroxybutyl — 11.2 2.46 2.22 119.2 114.7 48.7 185 171 1210 265 1125
  • Example 2-1 4-hydroxybutyl butyl 5.6 2.33 1.80 101.3 117.2 ND 139
  • Example 2-1 to Example 2-4 which are polar-group-containing multinary olefin copolymers, show sufficient adhesiveness
  • Comparative Example 2-3 which is an olefin copolymer having no polar group, shows no adhesiveness at all. This indicates that to contain polar groups is essential for exhibiting adhesiveness.
  • Example 2-1 to Example 2-4 have high adhesiveness and, despite this, show sufficient impact resistance.
  • Comparative Example 2-4 and Comparative Example 2-5 have insufficient impact resistance although satisfactory in terms of adhesiveness. The cause of this is presumed to be a difference in molecular structure.
  • Example 2-1 to Example 2-4 have a linear molecular structure since the copolymers were produced in the presence of a transition metal catalyst.
  • Comparative Example 2-4 and Comparative Example 2-5 are known to have been produced by a high-pressure process, and these copolymers are thought to have a molecular structure which has too large an amount of short-chain branches and long-chain branches. It is thought that as a result of such structure, the copolymers of the Comparative Examples have reduced impact resistance.
  • the amount of polar-group-containing structural units was determined using a 1 H-NMR spectrum. Specifically, the amount thereof was determined by the method described in Experiment Example 1 and hereinabove.
  • Weight-average molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
  • Molecular-weight distribution parameter was determined by further determining the number-average molecular weight (Mn) by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and calculating the ratio between Mw and Mn, i.e., Mw/Mn.
  • Mw/Mn number-average molecular weight
  • Adhesion strength was measured by preparing both a pressed plate of a test sample and various base films, stacking and hot-pressing the pressed plate and each of the base films to thereby produce a layered product, and subjecting the layered product to a peel test. The measurement was made through the same steps as in Experiment Example 1.
  • each polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′) was determined through the same steps as in Experiment Example 1.
  • MFR was measured in accordance with JIS K7120 (1999) under the conditions of a temperature of 190° C. and a load of 2.16 kg. A detailed explanation was given hereinabove.
  • a SHOP type ligand (B-27DM) was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1-4.
  • the temperature was kept at 105° C. and ethylene was continuously fed so as to maintain the pressure.
  • the monomers were polymerized for 60 minutes. Thereafter, the autoclave was cooled and depressurized to terminate the reaction.
  • the reaction solution was poured into 1 L of acetone to precipitate a polymer.
  • the resultant polymer was recovered through filtration and washing and then dried at 60° C. under vacuum until a constant weight was reached.
  • the polar-group-containing monomer which had remained in the polar-group-containing copolymer was removed, and the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer was finally recovered in an amount of 38 g.
  • the polymerization activity indicates the amount (g) of the copolymer yielded per mol of the complex used for the polymerization.
  • the polymerization activity was calculated on the assumption that the B-27DM and the Ni(COD)2 had reacted in a ratio of 1:1 to form the nickel complex.
  • the 4-HBAGE subjected to the copolymerization was one which had been dehydrated with molecular sieve 3A.
  • Polar-group-containing olefin copolymers of Production Example 3-2 to Production Example 3-4 were prepared by conducting polymerization in the same manner as in Production Example 3-1, except that the amount of the ligand, concentration of the polar-group-containing monomer, polymerization temperature, and polymerization period were changed. The conditions and results of the polymerization are shown in Table 5, and the results of the property examinations are shown in Table 6.
  • Polymerization was conducted basically in the same manner as in Production Example 3-1, except that the ethylene replenishment after initiation of the polymerization was omitted.
  • the amount of the ligand, concentration of the polar-group-containing monomer, polymerization temperature, and polymerization period were changed in performing the polymerization.
  • a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer of Production Example 3-5 was prepared.
  • the conditions and results of the polymerization are shown in Table 5, and the results of the property examinations are shown in Table 6.
  • the partial ethylene pressure at the time of termination of the polymerization is lower than that at the time of the polymerization initiation because ethylene replenishment is omitted.
  • a copolymer of ethylene with 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate glycidyl ether (4-HBAGE) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-16.
  • Drent type ligand (2-isopropylphenyl)(2′-methoxyphenyl)(2′′-sulfonylphynyl)phosphine (I) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
  • a copolymer of ethylene with 1,2-epoxy-9-decene was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
  • This copolymer is a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (trade name: Bondfast E, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) which is a copolymer of ethylene with glycidyl methacrylate and was produced by a high-pressure process.
  • Bondfast E manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • the properties of this polar-group-containing olefin copolymer are shown in Table 6.
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-1) was dry-blended in an amount of 0.05 g with 9.95 g of linear low-density polyethylene (trade name: F30FG (referred to as “LLDPE” in the table), manufactured by Japan Polyethylene Corp.).
  • LLDPE linear low-density polyethylene
  • This mixture was introduced into a compact twin-screw kneader (Type: MC15, manufactured by DSM Xplore) and melt-kneaded for 5 minutes. For this kneading, the barrel temperature and the screw rotation speed were set at 180° C. and 100 rpm, respectively. After the 5 minutes, a rod-shaped resin composition was extruded through the resin discharge port.
  • This resin composition was placed on a tray made of stainless steel, and was allowed to cool and solidify at room temperature. The cooled resin composition was pelletized to produce pellets of the resin composition. The resin composition pellets obtained were subjected to the adhesion strength measurement to measure the adhesion strength thereof. The results of the adhesion strength measurement are shown in Table 7.
  • Resin compositions of Examples 3-2 to 3-32 were produced in the same manner as in Example 3-1, except that the kind of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer and the proportion of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer to the linear low-density polyethylene were changed.
  • the proportions of the feed resins and the results of the adhesion strength measurement are shown in Table 7 and Table 8.
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-7) was dry-blended in an amount of 3.0 g with 7.0 g of linear low-density polyethylene (trade name: F30FG, manufactured by Japan Polyethylene Corp.). This mixture was introduced into a compact twin-screw kneader (Type: MC15, manufactured by DSM Xplore) and melt-kneaded for 5 minutes. For this kneading, the barrel temperature and the screw rotation speed were set at 180° C. and 100 rpm, respectively. After the 5 minutes, a rod-shaped resin composition was extruded through the resin discharge port.
  • a compact twin-screw kneader Type: MC15, manufactured by DSM Xplore
  • This resin composition was placed on a tray made of stainless steel, and was allowed to cool and solidify at room temperature. The cooled resin composition was pelletized to produce pellets of the resin composition. The resin composition pellets obtained were subjected to the adhesion strength measurement to measure the adhesion strength thereof. The results of the adhesion strength measurement are shown in Table 10.
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-8) was dry-blended in an amount of 3.0 g with 7.0 g of linear low-density polyethylene (trade name: F30FG, manufactured by Japan Polyethylene Corp.). This mixture was introduced into a compact twin-screw kneader (Type: MC15, manufactured by DSM Xplore) and melt-kneaded for 5 minutes. For this kneading, the barrel temperature and the screw rotation speed were set at 180° C. and 100 rpm, respectively. After the 5 minutes, a rod-shaped resin composition was extruded through the resin discharge port.
  • a compact twin-screw kneader Type: MC15, manufactured by DSM Xplore
  • This resin composition was placed on a tray made of stainless steel, and was allowed to cool and solidify at room temperature. The cooled resin composition was pelletized to produce pellets of the resin composition. The resin composition pellets obtained were subjected to the adhesion strength measurement to measure the adhesion strength thereof. The results of the adhesion strength measurement are shown in Table 10.
  • Resin compositions of Examples 3-35 to 3-39 were produced and examined for adhesion strength in the same manners as in Example 3-34, except that the linear low-density polyethylene used in Example 3-34 was replaced with each of the olefin-based resins shown in Table 9.
  • the manufacturer, trade name, grade, polymerized monomers, and resin properties of each of the olefin-based resins are shown in Table 9, and the results of the adhesion strength measurement are shown in Table 10.
  • Each “LLDPE” in Table 9 indicates linear low-density polyethylene.
  • Resin compositions of Comparative Example 3-1 to Comparative Example 3-10 were produced in the same manner as in Example 3-1, except that the kind of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer was changed to the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-9) and that the proportion of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer to the linear low-density polyethylene was changed.
  • the proportions of the feed resins and the results of the adhesion strength measurement are shown in Table 11.
  • Linear low-density polyethylene (trade name: Novatec (F30FG) (referred to as “LLDPE” in the table), manufactured by Japan Polyethylene Corp.) was introduced in an amount of 10 g into a compact twin-screw kneader (Type: MC15, manufactured by DSM Xplore) and melt-kneaded for 5 minutes. For this kneading, the barrel temperature and the screw rotation speed were set at 180° C. and 100 rpm, respectively. After the 5 minutes, a rod-shaped resin composition was extruded through the resin discharge port. This resin composition was placed on a tray made of stainless steel, and was allowed to cool and solidify at room temperature. The cooled resin composition was pelletized to produce pellets of the resin composition. The resin composition pellets obtained were subjected to the adhesion strength measurement to measure the adhesion strength thereof. The results of the adhesion strength measurement are shown in Table 11.
  • Examples 3-1 to 3-7 are resin compositions obtained by compounding 100 parts by weight of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-1) with linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) in respective proportions.
  • a relationship between the proportion of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-1) and the strength of adhesion to the polyamide is shown in FIG. 4 .
  • Comparative Examples 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-5, 3-7, 3-9, and 3-10 are resin compositions obtained by compounding 100 parts by weight of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-9), which had been produced by a high-pressure process, with linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) in respective proportions.
  • a relationship between the proportion of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-9) and the strength of adhesion to the polyamide is shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the resin compositions into which the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-9) has been incorporated show sufficient adhesiveness in the region where the proportion of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-9) is large, but the adhesiveness decreases abruptly as the proportion thereof decreases. Meanwhile, the resin compositions into which the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-1) has been incorporated retain high adhesiveness regardless of the proportion of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-1).
  • Example 3-1 to Example 3-23 and Example 3-29 to Example 3-32 are resin compositions obtained by compounding 100 parts by weight of each of polar-group-containing olefin copolymers differing in polar-group-content (A′-3-1, A′-3-2, A′-3-3, A′-3-5, and A′-3-6) with LLDPE in various proportions.
  • a relationship between the proportion of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-2) and the strength of adhesion to the polyamide is shown in FIG. 6
  • a relationship between the proportion of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-3) and the strength of adhesion to the polyamide is shown in FIG.
  • Example 3-33 to Example 3-39 are compositions obtained by compounding 100 parts by weight of a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer with 233 parts by weight of any of various olefin-based resins.
  • the olefin-based resin compositions obtained each show sufficient adhesiveness to the polyamide regardless of the MFR and density of the olefin resin and the kinds of the monomers polymerized. This fact shows that olefin-based resins, regardless of the kinds and properties thereof, exhibit sufficient adhesiveness so long as these olefin-based resins have been blended with any of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymers in a proportion within a specific range.
  • Examples 3-24 to 3-28 are resin compositions obtained by compounding 100 parts by weight of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-4) with linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) in respective proportions.
  • a relationship between the proportion of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-4) and the strength of adhesion to the fluororesin is shown in FIG. 9 .
  • Comparative Examples 3-2, 3-4, 3-6, 3-8, and 3-10 are resin compositions obtained by compounding 100 parts by weight of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-9), which had been produced by a high-pressure process, with linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) in respective proportions.
  • a relationship between the proportion of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-9) and the strength of adhesion to the fluororesin is shown in FIG. 10 .
  • the resin compositions into which the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-9) has been incorporated show sufficient adhesiveness in the region where the proportion of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-9) is large, but the adhesiveness decreases abruptly as the proportion thereof decreases. Meanwhile, the resin compositions into which the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-4) has been incorporated retain high adhesiveness regardless of the proportion of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-3-4).
  • the adhesiveness of an olefin copolymer to highly polar materials of different kinds is evaluated in terms of numerical values measured in a peel test such as that shown in JIS K6854, 1-4 (1999) “Adhesives—Peel Adhesion Strength Test Method”. It is, however, thought that such a numerical value measured by this method is the sum of the chemical and physical bonding power exerted at the interface between the different materials and the cohesive power or stress for deformation of each material.
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer produced by a high-pressure radical polymerization process has a highly branched molecular structure which contains short-chain branches and long-chain branches in too large an amount.
  • olefin-based resins having such a structure are inferior in mechanical property, cohesive power, impact resistance, etc. to olefin-based resins having a linear structure, and it is presumed that polar-group-containing olefin copolymers also have this tendency. It is thought that even when a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer produced by a high-pressure radical polymerization process has sufficient chemical bonds with materials of different kinds, the cohesive power thereof is poorer than that of polar-group-containing olefin copolymers having a linear structure, resulting in a decrease in adhesiveness.
  • the amount of polar-group-containing structural units was determined using a 1 H-NMR spectrum. Specifically, the amount thereof was determined by the method described in Experiment Example 1 and hereinabove.
  • Weight-average molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
  • Molecular-weight distribution parameter was determined by further determining the number-average molecular weight (Mn) by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and calculating the ratio between Mw and Mn, i.e., Mw/Mn.
  • Mw/Mn number-average molecular weight
  • Adhesion strength was measured by preparing both a pressed plate of a test sample and various base films, stacking and hot-pressing the pressed plate and each of the base films to thereby produce a layered product, and subjecting the layered product to a peel test. The measurement was made through the same steps as in Experiment Example 1.
  • the amount of the aluminum (Al) contained in the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′) was determined through the same steps as in Experiment Example 1.
  • Heat of fusion ⁇ H (J/g) was determined using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) under the same conditions as in the measurement of melting point. A detailed explanation was given hereinabove.
  • Drent type ligand (2-isopropylphenyl)(2′-methoxyphenyl)(2′′-sulfonylphynyl)phosphine (I) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
  • a SHOP type ligand (B-27DM) was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1-4.
  • the temperature was kept at 105° C. and ethylene was continuously fed so as to maintain the pressure.
  • the monomers were polymerized for 60 minutes. Thereafter, the autoclave was cooled and depressurized to terminate the reaction.
  • the reaction solution was poured into 1 L of acetone to precipitate a polymer.
  • the resultant polymer was recovered through filtration and washing and then dried at 60° C. under vacuum until a constant weight was reached.
  • the polar-group-containing monomer which had remained in the polar-group-containing copolymer was removed, and the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer was finally recovered in an amount of 38 g.
  • the polymerization activity indicates the amount (g) of the copolymer yielded per mol of the complex used for the polymerization.
  • the polymerization activity was calculated on the assumption that the B-27DM and the Ni(COD)2 had reacted in a ratio of 1:1 to form the nickel complex.
  • the 4-HBAGE subjected to the copolymerization was one which had been dehydrated with molecular sieve 3A.
  • Polar-group-containing olefin copolymers of Production Example 4-4 to Production Example 4-7 were prepared by conducting polymerization in the same manner as in Production Example 4-2, except that the amount of the ligand, concentration of the polar-group-containing monomer, polymerization temperature, and polymerization period were changed.
  • the conditions and results of the polymerization are shown in Table 12, and the results of the property examinations are shown in Table 13.
  • Polymerization was conducted basically in the same manner as in Production Example 4-2, except that the ethylene replenishment after initiation of the polymerization was omitted.
  • the amount of the ligand, concentration of the polar-group-containing monomer, polymerization temperature, and polymerization period were changed in performing the polymerization.
  • polar-group-containing olefin copolymers of Production Example 4-3 and Production Example 4-8 were prepared.
  • the conditions and results of the polymerization are shown in Table 12, and the results of the property examinations are shown in Table 13.
  • the partial ethylene pressure at the time of termination of the polymerization is lower than that at the time of the polymerization initiation because ethylene replenishment is omitted.
  • This copolymer is a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (trade name. Bondfast E, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) which is a copolymer of ethylene with glycidyl methacrylate and was produced by a high-pressure process.
  • Bondfast E manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Table 13 The results of the property examinations are shown in Table 13.
  • This copolymer is a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (trade name: Bondfast 2C, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) which is a copolymer of ethylene with glycidyl methacrylate and was produced by a high-pressure process.
  • Bondfast 2C a copolymer of ethylene with glycidyl methacrylate
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-4-1) was dry-blended in an amount of 7.0 g with 3.0 g of high-density polyethylene (trade name: HS330P, manufactured by Japan Polyethylene Corp.) as an olefin-based resin.
  • This mixture was introduced into a compact twin-screw kneader (Type: MC15, manufactured by DSM Xplore) and melt-kneaded for 5 minutes. For this kneading, the barrel temperature and the screw rotation speed were set at 180° C. and 100 rpm, respectively. After the 5 minutes, a rod-shaped olefin-based resin composition was extruded through the resin discharge port.
  • This olefin-based resin composition was placed on a tray made of stainless steel, and was allowed to cool and solidify at room temperature.
  • the cooled olefin-based resin composition was pelletized to produce pellets of the olefin-based resin composition, which were subjected to tests for examining various properties.
  • the manufacturer, grade, trade name, sort, polymerized monomers, and resin properties of the polyethylene used are shown in Table 14, and the proportion thereof in the olefin-based resin composition is shown in Table 15.
  • the results of the property evaluation are shown in Table 16.
  • HDPE high-density polyethylene
  • LLDPE linear low-density polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • COC cycloolefin copolymer
  • Example 4-2 to Example 4-12 and Comparative Example 4-1 to Comparative Example 4-4
  • Resin compositions of Example 4-2 to Example 4-12 and Comparative Example 4-1 to Comparative Example 4-4 were produced in the same manner as in Example 4-1, except that the kind of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer, the kind of the olefin-based resin, and the proportion were changed.
  • the manufacturer, grade, trade name, sort, polymerized monomers, and resin properties of each olefin-based resin are shown in Table 14, and the proportions of the feed resins are shown in Table 15.
  • the results of the property evaluation are shown in Table 16.
  • Example 4-1 70 A′-4-1 HS330P 0.945 155 ND 132.1 209
  • Example 4-2 30 A′-4-2 HS330P 0.945 2875 ND 131.2 202
  • Example 4-3 20 A′-4-3 WFX4TA 0.896 111 ND 120.6 87
  • Example 4-4 20
  • A′-4-3 8007F-500 0.995 140 ND 120.0 37
  • Example 4-5 25
  • Example 4-6 20 A′-4-3 NF444N 0.912 2600 ND 120.8 161
  • Example 4-7 35
  • Example 4-8 30 A′-4-5 F30FG 0.921 1320 208 120.6 125
  • Example 4-9 30
  • Example 4-10 30
  • Example 4-1 to Example 4-12 are olefin-based resin compositions obtained by suitably blending 100 parts by weight each of polar-group-containing olefin copolymers (A′-4-1, A′-4-2, A′-4-3, A′-4-4, A′-4-5, A′-4-6, A′-4-7, and A′-4-8) with 1-99,900 parts by weight of any of olefin-based resins having a density of 0.890 g/cm 3 or higher, and show sufficient adhesiveness to the polyamide. These resin compositions further have a melting point of 119° C. or above and show satisfactorily high heat resistance.
  • Example 4-1 to Example 4-3 and Example 4-5 to Example 4-12 in which olefin-based resins having a melting point of 90° C. or higher had been blended, showed higher heat resistance including a melting point of 119° C. or higher and a heat of fusion AH of 80 J/g or larger.
  • Comparative Example 4-3 and Comparative Example 4-4 are olefin-based resin compositions obtained by suitably blending 100 parts by weight each of polar-group-containing olefin copolymers likewise produced by a high-pressure radical process (A′-4-9 and A′-4-10) with 1 to 99,900 parts by weight of an olefin-based resin having a density of 0.890 g/cm 3 or higher, and showed exceedingly low adhesiveness to the polyamide although satisfactory in terms of heat resistance.
  • A′-4-9 and A′-4-10 high-pressure radical process
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer of the invention decreases little in adhesiveness when blended with an olefin-based resin having a density of 0.890 g/cm 3 or higher, as compared with polar-group-containing olefin copolymers produced by a high-pressure radical polymerization process, and that so long as 100 parts by weight of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer according to the invention is blended with 1 to 99,900 parts by weight of an olefin-based resin having a density of 0.890 g/cm 3 or higher, it is possible to balance adhesiveness with heat resistance.
  • the adhesiveness of an olefin copolymer to highly polar materials of different kinds is evaluated in terms of numerical values measured in a peel test such as that shown in JIS K6854, 1-4 (1999) “Adhesives—Peel Adhesion Strength Test Method”. It is, however, thought that such a numerical value measured by this method is the sum of the chemical and physical bonding power exerted at the interface between the different materials and the cohesive power or stress for deformation of each material.
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer produced by a high-pressure radical polymerization process has a highly branched molecular structure which contains short-chain branches and long-chain branches in too large an amount.
  • olefin-based resins having such a structure are inferior in mechanical property, cohesive power, impact resistance, etc. to olefin-based resins having a linear structure, and it is presumed that polar-group-containing olefin copolymers also have this tendency. It is thought that even when a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer produced by a high-pressure radical polymerization process has sufficient chemical bonds with materials of different kinds, the cohesive power thereof is poorer than that of polar-group-containing olefin copolymers having a linear structure, resulting in a decrease in adhesiveness.
  • Example 4-8, Example 4-11, and Example 4-12 are olefin-based resin compositions obtained by suitably blending 100 parts by weight each of polar-group-containing olefin copolymers with 1 to 99,900 parts by weight of an olefin-based resin having a density of 0.890 g/cm 3 or higher, and show sufficient adhesiveness even to the fluororesin.
  • materials to which the olefin-based resin composition of the invention has adhesiveness are not limited to a specific highly polar material, and the composition has sufficient adhesiveness to highly polar materials of various kinds.
  • Example 4-1 to Example 4-12 are compositions in which 100 parts by weight each of polar-group-containing olefin copolymers have been compounded with any of olefin-based resins having a density of 0.890 g/cm 3 or higher. It was demonstrated that the olefin-based resin compositions obtained can have sufficient heat resistance balanced with high adhesiveness to highly polar resins, regardless of the MFR of the olefin-based resin, the kinds of the polymerized monomers, and the proportion.
  • the amount of polar-group-containing structural units was determined using a 1 H-NMR spectrum. Specifically, the amount thereof was determined by the method described in Experiment Example 1 and hereinabove.
  • Weight-average molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
  • Molecular-weight distribution parameter was determined by further determining the number-average molecular weight (Mn) by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and calculating the ratio between Mw and Mn, i.e., Mw/Mn.
  • Mw/Mn number-average molecular weight
  • Adhesion strength was measured by preparing both a pressed plate of a test sample and various base films, stacking and hot-pressing the pressed plate and each of the base films to thereby produce a layered product, and subjecting the layered product to a peel test. The measurement was made through the same steps as in Experiment Example 1.
  • adhesion strength of each of the resin compositions of the Examples and Comparative Examples and that of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer contained in the resin composition were measured by the method for measuring adhesion strength, and the adhesion strength of the resin composition was divided by the adhesion strength of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer contained in the resin composition, the resultant value being taken as adhesion strength ratio.
  • This value is an index to the effect of improving adhesiveness by blending a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer with an olefin-based resin; in cases when this value is larger than “1”, this means that the adhesiveness has been improved by blending the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer with the olefin-based resin.
  • the amount of the aluminum (Al) contained in the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′) was determined through the same steps as in Experiment Example 1.
  • Drent type ligand (2-isopropylphenyl)(2′-methoxyphenyl)(2′′-sulfonylphynyl)phosphine (I) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
  • the polymerization activity indicates the amount (g) of the copolymer yielded per mol of the complex used for the polymerization.
  • the polymerization activity was calculated on the assumption that the ligand and the palladium bisdibenzylideneacetone had reacted in a ratio of 1:1 to form the palladium complex.
  • a copolymer of ethylene with 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate glycidyl ether (4-HBAGE) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1-16.
  • a SHOP type ligand (B-27DM) was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1-4.
  • the temperature was kept at 105° C.
  • the monomers were polymerized for 170 minutes. Thereafter, the autoclave was cooled and depressurized to terminate the reaction.
  • the reaction solution was poured into 1 L of acetone to precipitate a polymer.
  • the resultant polymer was recovered through filtration and washing and then dried at 60° C. under vacuum until a constant weight was reached.
  • the polar-group-containing monomer which had remained in the polar-group-containing copolymer was removed, and the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer was finally recovered in an amount of 33 g.
  • the conditions and results of the polymerization are shown in Table 17, and the results of the property examinations are shown in Table 18.
  • the polymerization activity indicates the amount (g) of the copolymer yielded per mol of the complex used for the polymerization.
  • the partial ethylene pressure at the time of termination of the polymerization is lower than that at the time of the polymerization initiation because ethylene replenishment is omitted.
  • the polymerization activity was calculated on the assumption that the B-27DM and the Ni(COD)2 had reacted in a ratio of 1:1 to form the nickel complex.
  • the 4-HBAGE subjected to the copolymerization was one which had been dehydrated with molecular sieve 3A.
  • the temperature was kept at 50° C. and ethylene was continuously fed so as to maintain the pressure.
  • the monomers were polymerized for 50 minutes. Thereafter, the autoclave was cooled and depressurized to terminate the reaction.
  • the reaction solution was poured into 1 L of acetone to precipitate a polymer.
  • the resultant polymer was recovered through filtration and washing and then dried at 60° C. under vacuum until a constant weight was reached.
  • the polar-group-containing monomer which had remained in the polar-group-containing copolymer was removed, and the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer was finally recovered in an amount of 41 g.
  • the polymerization activity indicates the amount (g) of the copolymer yielded per mol of the complex used for the polymerization.
  • the polymerization activity was calculated on the assumption that the B-27DM and the Ni(COD)2 had reacted in a ratio of 1:1 to form the nickel complex.
  • the 4-HBAGE subjected to the copolymerization was one which had been dehydrated with molecular sieve 3A.
  • Polar-group-containing olefin copolymers of Production Example 5-5 to Production Example 5-7 were prepared by conducting polymerization in the same manner as in Production Example 5-4, except that the amount of the ligand, concentration of the polar-group-containing monomer, polymerization temperature, and polymerization period were changed. The conditions and results of the polymerization are shown in Table 17, and the results of the property examinations are shown in Table 18.
  • a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer of Production Example 5-8 was prepared by conducting polymerization in the same manner as in Production Example 5-3, except that the amount of the ligand, concentration of the polar-group-containing monomer, polymerization temperature, and polymerization period were changed.
  • the conditions and results of the polymerization are shown in Table 17, and the results of the property examinations are shown in Table 18.
  • This copolymer is a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (trade name: Bondfast E, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) which is a copolymer of ethylene with glycidyl methacrylate and was produced by a high-pressure process.
  • Bondfast E manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Table 18 The results of the property examinations are shown in Table 18.
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-5-1) was dry-blended in an amount of 7.0 g with 3.0 g of an ethylene/butene copolymer (trade name: Tafmer (A-4085S), manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.).
  • This mixture was introduced into a compact twin-screw kneader (Type: MC15, manufactured by DSM Xplore) and melt-kneaded for 5 minutes.
  • the barrel temperature and the screw rotation speed were set at 180° C. and 100 rpm, respectively.
  • a rod-shaped resin composition was extruded through the resin discharge port.
  • This resin composition was placed on a tray made of stainless steel, and was allowed to cool and solidify at room temperature.
  • the cooled resin composition was pelletized to produce pellets of the olefin-based resin composition.
  • the olefin-based resin composition obtained was subjected to tests for examining various properties.
  • the manufacturer, grade, trade name, sort, polymerized monomers, and resin properties of the olefin-based resin used are shown in Table 19, and the proportion thereof in the olefin-based resin composition is shown in Table 20.
  • the results of the property evaluation are shown in table 21.
  • LDPE low-pressure-process low-density polyethylene
  • LLDPE linear low-density polyethylene
  • EA ethylene/ethyl acrylate copolymer
  • EVA ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer
  • EPR ethylene/propylene rubber
  • Resin compositions of Example 5-2 to Example 5-12 and Comparative Example 5-1 to Comparative Example 5-3 were produced in the same manner as in Example 5-1, except that the kinds of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer and olefin-based resin and the proportion of the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer to the olefin-based resin were changed.
  • the manufacturer, grade, trade name, sort, polymerized monomers, and resin properties of each olefin-based resin used are shown in Table 19.
  • the proportion thereof in the olefin-based resin composition is shown in Table 20, and the results of the property evaluation are shown in Table 21.
  • Example 5-1, Example 5-3 to Example 5-8, Example 5-10, and Example 5-11 are olefin-based resin compositions obtained by suitably blending 100 parts by weight each of polar-group-containing olefin copolymers (A′-5-1, A′-5-3, A′-5-4, A′-5-6, and A′-5-7) with 1-99,900 parts by weight of any of olefin-based resins having a melting point of 124° C. or lower, and show satisfactorily high adhesiveness to the fluororesin. These resin compositions further have an adhesion strength ratio of 1.0 or higher, showing that the effect of improving adhesiveness was sufficient.
  • Comparative Example 5-1 for which an olefin-based resin having a melting point higher than 124° C. was used, shows considerably low adhesiveness to the fluororesin and has an adhesion strength ratio less than 1.0. No adhesiveness-improving effect was observed therein.
  • Comparative Example 5-2 and Comparative Example 5-3 are olefin-based resin compositions likewise obtained by suitably blending 100 parts by weight of a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer (A′-5-9) produced by a high-pressure radical process with 1 to 99,900 parts by weight of either of olefin-based resins having a melting point within a specific range, and showed an exceedingly low strength of adhesion to the fluororesin and a poor adhesion strength ratio.
  • A′-5-9 polar-group-containing olefin copolymer
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer of the invention improves greatly in adhesiveness when blended with an olefin-based resin having a melting point of 124° C.
  • the adhesiveness of an olefin copolymer to highly polar materials of different kinds is evaluated in terms of numerical values measured in a peel test such as that shown in JIS K6854, 1-4 (1999) “Adhesives—Peel Adhesion Strength Test Method”. It is, however, thought that such a numerical value measured by this method is the sum of the chemical and physical bonding power exerted at the interface between the different materials and the cohesive power or stress for deformation of each material.
  • the polar-group-containing olefin copolymer produced by a high-pressure radical polymerization process has a highly branched molecular structure which contains short-chain branches and long-chain branches in too large an amount.
  • olefin-based resins having such a structure are inferior in mechanical property, cohesive power, impact resistance, etc. to olefin-based resins having a linear structure, and it is presumed that polar-group-containing olefin copolymers also have this tendency. It is thought that even when a polar-group-containing olefin copolymer produced by a high-pressure radical polymerization process has sufficient chemical bonds with materials of different kinds, the cohesive power thereof is poorer than that of polar-group-containing olefin copolymers having a linear structure, resulting in a decrease in adhesiveness.
  • Example 5-2, Example 5-9, and Example 5-12 are olefin-based resin compositions obtained by blending polar-group-containing olefin copolymers (A′5-2, A′-5-5, and A′-5-8), in a proportion within a specific range, with any of olefin-based resins having a melting point of 124° C. or lower, and show sufficient adhesiveness to the polyamide.
  • These resin compositions have an adhesion strength ratio of 2.0 or higher, showing that the effect of improving adhesiveness was remarkable.
  • Example 5-1 to Example 5-12 are compositions in which each of polar-group-containing olefin copolymers has been compounded with any of olefin-based resins having a melting point of 124° C. or lower. It was demonstrated that a sufficient adhesiveness-improving effect is obtained in the olefin-based resin compositions regardless of the MFR or the olefin-based resin, the kinds of the polymerized monomers, and the proportion.
  • the resin compositions which can be produced by the invention are excellent in terms of not only adhesiveness but also mechanical and thermal property, and are applicable as useful multilayered molded objects.

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US11084957B2 (en) 2021-08-10
WO2014157583A1 (fr) 2014-10-02
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CN105102492B (zh) 2018-02-13
CN105102492A (zh) 2015-11-25

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