US20150249424A1 - Laminated glazing with coloured reflection and high solar transmittance suitable for solar energy systems - Google Patents

Laminated glazing with coloured reflection and high solar transmittance suitable for solar energy systems Download PDF

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Publication number
US20150249424A1
US20150249424A1 US14/429,293 US201314429293A US2015249424A1 US 20150249424 A1 US20150249424 A1 US 20150249424A1 US 201314429293 A US201314429293 A US 201314429293A US 2015249424 A1 US2015249424 A1 US 2015249424A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
substrate
refractive index
solar
glass
polymer
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US14/429,293
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English (en)
Inventor
Virginie Hody Le Caer
Andreas Schuler
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Swissinso Holding Inc
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SWISSINSO SA
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Publication of US20150249424A1 publication Critical patent/US20150249424A1/en
Assigned to SWISSINSO HOLDING INC. reassignment SWISSINSO HOLDING INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SWISSINSO SA
Assigned to SWISSINSO HOLDING INC. reassignment SWISSINSO HOLDING INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SWISSINSO SA
Assigned to SWISSINSO SA reassignment SWISSINSO SA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LA CAER, VIRGINIE HODY, SCHULER, ANDREAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/1011—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having predetermined tint or excitation purity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/26—Building materials integrated with PV modules, e.g. façade elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/064—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10128—Treatment of at least one glass sheet
    • B32B17/10146—Face treatment, e.g. etching, grinding or sand blasting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10743—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing acrylate (co)polymers or salts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/50—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
    • F24S80/52—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings characterised by the material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G02B5/28—Interference filters
    • G02B5/281—Interference filters designed for the infrared light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G02B5/28—Interference filters
    • G02B5/285—Interference filters comprising deposited thin solid films
    • G02B5/286—Interference filters comprising deposited thin solid films having four or fewer layers, e.g. for achieving a colour effect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H01L31/0488—Double glass encapsulation, e.g. photovoltaic cells arranged between front and rear glass sheets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/418—Refractive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2367/00—Polyesters, e.g. PET, i.e. polyethylene terephthalate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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    • Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Definitions

  • the invention deals with coloured laminated glazing suitable for solar energy systems offering architectural integration of solar energy systems, e.g. as solar active glass facades.
  • the transmittance is considered as direct. This is the case e.g., for flat surfaces or interfaces.
  • the transmittance is considered as diffuse. This is the case e.g., for rough surfaces or interfaces, or for specimens of granular structure.
  • the diffuse transmittance depends on the angle of incidence and the wavelength X of the radiation. If the angle of incidence is not explicitly mentioned, commonly normal incidence is assumed.
  • the total hemispherical transmittance is obtained by the sum of direct transmittance and diffuse transmittance.
  • T total T direct +T diffuse
  • the total hemispherical transmittance depends on the angle of incidence and the wavelength ⁇ of the radiation. If the angle of incidence is not explicitly mentioned, commonly normal incidence is assumed.
  • the solar transmittance T sol is obtained by integration with the solar spectrum I sol ( ⁇ ):
  • T sol ⁇ T ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ I sol ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ I sol ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
  • the visible reflectance R vis is a measure for the brightness of a surface as it appears to the human eye under certain illumination conditions. A white surface or a perfect mirror exhibits 100% visible reflectance, coloured or grey surfaces less.
  • the determination of the visible reflectance R VIS is based on the photopic luminous efficiency function V( ⁇ ) and depends on the choice of the illuminant I ILL ( ⁇ ):
  • R vis ⁇ R ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ I ILL ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ V ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ I ILL ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ V ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
  • R( ⁇ ) is the simulated or measured hemispherical reflectance of the sample.
  • the angle of reflection ⁇ r is the angle formed by a ray of light reflected from a surface and a line perpendicular to the surface at the point of reflection.
  • ⁇ 1 and ⁇ t correspond respectively to the incidence and transmission angles.
  • a treated surface is considered as antireflective when the solar transmittance of a light beam at near-normal incidence is higher than for an untreated surface.
  • the dominant wavelength of a colour is defined as the wavelength of the monochromatic stimulus that, when additively mixed in suitable proportions with the specified achromatic stimulus, matches the considered colour stimulus [3].
  • any colour can be related to a monochromatic dominant colour MD defined by its wavelength X,D.
  • the colour saturation is a measurement of how different from pure grey the colour is. Saturation is not really a matter of light and dark, but rather how pale or strong the colour is. The saturation of a colour is not constant, but it varies depending on the surroundings and what light the colour is seen in and is given by:
  • a* and b* are the CIE colour coordinates under daylight illumination CIE-D65.
  • the PCT application also referred to the possibility of applying a surface treatment (hot patterning, acid etching, sand or stone projections . . . ) on the outer side of the collector glazing to in order to create a diffuse light transmittance.
  • This treatment has the effect of reinforcing the masking effect of the solar device technical parts, preventing glare effects and producing mat surfaces that are in high demand in today's architecture.
  • acid etching is undoubtedly the most suitable and most widely used treatment at industrial level.
  • acidic etching treatments of glasses are performed by using fluoridric-acid-based-solutions [10]. Fluoridric acid is a strong chemical agent responsible of various problems in terms of safety, health of workers and environmental pollution.
  • the problems mentioned in the previous chapter have been solved with the present invention which relates to a solar glazing unit as defined in the claims.
  • the present innovation deals with coloured laminated glazing (preferably, but not exclusively, made of glass) with enhanced masking effect, angular colour stability, energetic performances and mechanical stability.
  • the coloured laminated glazing system is schematised in FIG. 3 and can be described as the combination of:
  • PV systems are totally integrated into the laminated glazing.
  • the choice of the substrate on which the coloured coating is deposited is of main importance.
  • the substrate In order to ensure a maximal efficiency of the solar energy system, the substrate has to present a high solar transmittance, thus limiting the possibilities to solar roll glass, extra-white float glass (very low iron-content) or polymeric materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphtalate (PEN), fluorocarbon polymer (PFA, FEP, ETFE, PTFE . . . ) and so on.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PEN polyethylene naphtalate
  • PFA fluorocarbon polymer
  • FEP fluorocarbon polymer
  • ETFE PTFE . . .
  • PTFE PTFE . . .
  • the coloured coating consisting in multilayer interferential stacks of transparent layers has to be of high solar transmittance T sol .
  • dielectric oxides are preferably chosen.
  • materials such as SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , MgO, ZnO, SnO 2 , HfO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , Ta 2 O 5 and TiO 2 are for example perfectly suitable for the invention described here.
  • the visible reflectance R vis is the percentage of light striking the glazing that is reflected back and provides information on the masking capability of the glazing. This value has then to be high enough to permit a good masking effect of the solar energy system technical parts but low enough to ensure a good solar transmittance. Good compromises have then to be found between masking effect and performances of the solar device. In the context of the invention, R vis has to be higher that 4%.
  • the intensity of the colour is given by its saturation expressed by:
  • a* and b* are CIE colour coordinates under daylight illumination CIE-D65.
  • the colour saturation has to be higher than 8 at near-normal angle of reflection. Exception is made for grey and brown which correspond respectively to strongly desaturated cold and warm colours.
  • the colour M of a layer can be regarded as a mixture of several colours whatever the shape of its reflectance curve.
  • the explanations will be given for a fictive coloured layer characterized by two reflection peaks, in the visible part of the solar spectrum, whose wavelengths and colours are respectively ⁇ 1 , C 1 and ⁇ 2 , C 2 (see FIG. 8 a ).
  • the colour M is defined by a dominant colour M D whose wavelength ⁇ MD comprised between ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 , its position depending on the relative intensity of both reflection peaks (see FIG.
  • a diffusive surface treatment is applied on the outer surface of the coloured laminated glazing.
  • the glass substrate can either be extra-white float glass or solar roll glass.
  • Extra-white float glass presents the advantage of having a better flatness and will be preferred for facade applications.
  • Both types of glass are also commercially available with a wide variety of textures and patterns applied on the outer surface. This kind of glass can be used in order to add some relief and get closer to tiles appearance in case of roof applications.
  • the etching treatment is applied in order to create diffuse light transmittance which reinforces the masking effect of the coloured filter. It also presents the advantage to create mat surfaces often desired by architects and to prevent glare effects.
  • etching solution By choosing appropriate compositions of the etching solution, favourable micro/nano-structures on the treated glass surface can also give rise to anti-reflection properties.
  • the treatment of glass surfaces by acid etching in buffered solutions [13] leads to a particular structure combining micrometric islands with nanometric openings, both uniformly distributed.
  • the resulting low reflectance glass surfaces thus obtained are perfectly suitable for the solar applications described here.
  • etching solutions composed of several of the following components have been developed: ammonium bifluoride (ABF), water (H 2 O), isopropanol (IPA), sugars (sucrose, fructose, etc.). These solutions are particularly effective over a wide range of compositions and for treatment times lower than 20 minutes.
  • ABSF ammonium bifluoride
  • H 2 O water
  • IPA isopropanol
  • sugars sugars
  • Solution 2 ABF/sucrose/water mixture with the following proportions 15-25 wt. %/15-40 wt. %/balance.
  • the measured hemispherical normal transmittance of the treated glass surfaces is about 95% as regards to 92% for an untreated glass (see FIG. 26 ).
  • the surface In the first case ( FIG. 27 a ), the surface is relatively smooth and presents some micro-scale protrusions and furrows arising from the junction of nano-holes which are present on the entire surface.
  • FIG. 27 b the surface features a much rougher structure and is densely covered with some kind of pyramids.
  • pyramids have a height around 10 ⁇ m, are defined by different types of polygons as their base area whose dimensions are often around 100 ⁇ m to 120 ⁇ m and have pronounced nano-structured side walls.
  • the measured gain in solar transmittance can then be explained by anti-reflective properties resulting from micro-scale patterning in combination with a nano-scale roughness modification.
  • the different glass panes are tempered. There is no restriction to perform this thermal treatment, as both coloured coatings (made of oxides) and diffusive surfaces (mainly SiO 2 ) present very good thermal stabilities.
  • Laminating polymers are preferably, but not exclusively elastomer cross-linking products such as EVA (Ethylene-Vinyl-Acetate) or thermoplastic products such as PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral). These products are characterised by high solar transmittances, low refractive indices, and good adhesion to glass or polymer panes. Both treatments are made and combined in order to fulfil the security requirements for facade applications, but also to provide some advantages.
  • the lamination can offer the possibility to have different supply chains for coating and etching, depending on the chosen configuration (see FIGS. 3 and 4 ) thus offering a wide time savings.
  • the coloured coating is encapsulated, avoiding any colour change due to water condensation on the inner side of the glazing when mounted on thermal collectors.
  • FIG. 28 presents possible variations for the mounting of thermal solar systems glued behind a coloured laminated glazing.
  • solar thermal collectors are glued on the back of laminated glazing larger than the frame of the collectors.
  • the solar collectors are mounted on a roof with glazing overlap and the waterproofing is provided by the presence of seals between two overlapping glazings.
  • Different variations for the mounting of solar thermal collectors in ventilated facade either for residential facade or for large buildings with glass facades are shown respectively in FIG. 28 ( b ) and ( c ).
  • the hangers, the overlap wings, the seals and so on can be adaptable to the wishes of the architect, the type and requirements of the building, the local culture of the country, . . . Same mounting configurations are of course possible for photovoltaic devices, but also for hybrid (combination of thermal and PV devices) roof and facades installations.
  • an anti-reflection coating can be applied to the back-side of the inner glass (see FIG. 3 ).
  • a maximum transmittance value of approximately 92% can be achieved for the best quality glass as a reflectance of 4% on both sides of the glass occurs.
  • an anti-reflection coating characterised by a low refractive index (lower than 1.52) the reflectance of the glass side can be reduced of approximately 3% in the best case.
  • the solar transmittance of the coloured laminated glazing can then increase of approx. 3% and thus compensating the transmittance losses due to the presence of the interferential coloured coating.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 1 :
  • FIG. 2
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 3 :
  • the coloured coating can be deposited (a) on the back side of the outer glass, (b) on one side of a polymeric film which is encapsulated between two glass panes, (c) on the front side of the inner glass.
  • FIG. 4
  • the coloured coating can be deposited (a) on the back side of the outer glass, (b) on one side of a polymeric film which is encapsulated between two glass panes, (c) on the front side of the inner glass.
  • the technical parts of the PV device are fully integrated into the laminated glazing.
  • FIG. 5
  • FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 6 :
  • FIG. 7
  • FIG. 8
  • ⁇ 1 , C 1 and ⁇ 2 , C 2 are the wavelengths and colours of the reflectance peaks at low viewing angle.
  • ⁇ 1′ , C 1′ and ⁇ 2′ , C 2′ are the corresponding wavelengths and colours at higher angle of observation.
  • the dominant colour M D of the coating is situated at ⁇ D comprised between ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 , its position depending on the relative intensity of both reflection peaks.
  • M is the resultant colour of a coating characterised by 2 reflection peaks, in the visible part of the solar spectrum, defined by C 1 and C 2 at low angle of vision.
  • C 1′ and C 2′ are the corresponding colours for higher angle of vision.
  • M D is the dominant colour of M.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 9 .
  • ⁇ 1 , C 1 , ⁇ 2 , C 2 and ⁇ 3 , C 3 are the wavelengths and colours of the reflectance peaks at low viewing angle.
  • ⁇ 1′ , C 1′ , ⁇ 2′ , C 2′ and ⁇ 3′ , C 3′ are the corresponding wavelengths and colours at higher angle of observation.
  • the dominant colour M D of the coating is situated at ⁇ D whose position depends on the relative intensity of all reflection peaks.
  • M is the resultant colour of a coating characterised by 3 reflection peaks, in the visible part of the solar spectrum, defined by C 1 , C 2 and C 3 at low angle of vision.
  • C 1′ , C 2′ and C 3′ are the corresponding colours for higher angle of vision.
  • M D is the dominant colour of M.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 10 :
  • FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 11 :
  • FIG. 12
  • FIG. 13 is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 13 :
  • FIG. 14
  • FIG. 15
  • FIG. 16
  • FIG. 17 is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 17 :
  • FIG. 18 is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 18 :
  • FIG. 19 is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 19 :
  • FIG. 20
  • FIG. 21 is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 21 :
  • FIG. 22
  • FIG. 23 is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 23 :
  • FIG. 24
  • FIG. 25 is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 25 :
  • FIG. 26 is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 26 :
  • FIG. 27 is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 27 :
  • FIG. 28

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US11745473B2 (en) 2012-09-20 2023-09-05 Kromatix SA Laminated glazing with coloured reflection and high solar transmittance, and solar energy systems employing the same
US11618710B2 (en) * 2016-08-08 2023-04-04 Sep, Inc. Nano protrusion surface forming method and base material having nano protrusion surface formed by method
CN109564867A (zh) * 2016-08-08 2019-04-02 （株）Sep 纳米突起表面形成方法及具有通过该方法形成的纳米突起表面的母材
DE102017203105B4 (de) 2017-02-27 2019-05-16 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verglasungseinheit, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung
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CN114765969A (zh) * 2020-01-28 2022-07-19 中建材玻璃新材料研究院集团有限公司 具有复合窗格结构的彩色外墙元件
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DE102021200675A1 (de) 2021-01-26 2022-07-28 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein Interferenzfilter, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seiner Verwendung
WO2022161926A3 (de) * 2021-01-26 2022-09-22 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Interferenzfilter, verfahren zu seiner herstellung und seiner verwendung
WO2022161926A2 (de) 2021-01-26 2022-08-04 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Interferenzfilter, verfahren zu seiner herstellung und seiner verwendung
EP4184593A1 (de) 2021-11-22 2023-05-24 CT-Coating AG Abdeckeinheit für ein solarmodul, solarmodul mit der abdeckeinheit und herstellungsverfahren für abdeckeinheit und solarmodul
WO2023089139A1 (de) 2021-11-22 2023-05-25 CT-Coating AG Abdeckeinheit für ein solarmodul, solarmodul mit der abdeckeinheit und herstellungsverfahren für abdeckeinheit und solarmodul

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WO2014045141A3 (en) 2014-05-15
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US10953635B2 (en) 2021-03-23
EP2897795B9 (de) 2020-10-28
JP6242902B2 (ja) 2017-12-06
BR112015006028B1 (pt) 2021-03-09
HK1208844A1 (en) 2016-03-18
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US20190081588A1 (en) 2019-03-14
AU2013319925B2 (en) 2017-03-02
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EP2897795B1 (de) 2020-04-22
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