CN208336244U - 一种太阳能组件 - Google Patents

一种太阳能组件 Download PDF

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CN208336244U
CN208336244U CN201820679745.9U CN201820679745U CN208336244U CN 208336244 U CN208336244 U CN 208336244U CN 201820679745 U CN201820679745 U CN 201820679745U CN 208336244 U CN208336244 U CN 208336244U
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film
index material
solar components
material film
permeable
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武振羽
陶利松
万军鹏
闫燚
杨世忠
方振雷
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Shanghai Zuqiang Energy Co ltd
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Beijing Hanergy Solar Power Investment Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201820679745.9U priority Critical patent/CN208336244U/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2018/094444 priority patent/WO2019214033A1/zh
Priority to EP18186875.3A priority patent/EP3567635A1/en
Priority to US16/051,623 priority patent/US20190348555A1/en
Priority to AU2018220161A priority patent/AU2018220161A1/en
Priority to JP2018175151A priority patent/JP2019197880A/ja
Priority to KR1020180112865A priority patent/KR20190128541A/ko
Priority to BR202018070387U priority patent/BR202018070387U2/pt
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Abstract

一种太阳能组件，所述太阳能组件依次包括前板、胶片、太阳能电池和背板，或者，依次包括前板、胶片、太阳能电池、胶片和背板，所述前板为彩色透光前板，所述太阳能组件为平面组件、或异型组件、或平面组件与异型组件的结合。本申请的太阳能组件的彩色效果和发电效果均较好，能够满足丰富多彩的颜色需求，并且可根据使用场合需要制成不同的形状。

Description

一种太阳能组件
技术领域
本申请涉及但不限于太阳能技术领域，尤其涉及但不限于一种太阳能组件。
背景技术
目前，应用于建筑上的太阳能组件主要是黑色的，不够美观。为适应光伏市场更苛刻的需求，在不断提高组件转换效率的同时，外观方面要更加人性化，更加贴合环境的需要，这就需要有更多种颜色的太阳能组件以适应美观要求。尤其是光伏与建筑、环境一体化对彩色太阳能组件的需求更加迫切，对于作为建筑材料的光伏产品，人们希望能够选择自己喜欢的颜色来装扮自己的建筑，彰显建筑的个性。
实用新型内容
以下是对本文详细描述的主题的概述。本概述并非是为了限制权利要求的保护范围。
本申请提供了一种发电效果好并且彩色效果好的太阳能组件。
具体地，本申请提供了一种太阳能组件，所述太阳能组件依次包括前板、胶片、太阳能电池和背板，或者，依次包括前板、胶片、太阳能电池、胶片和背板，所述前板为彩色透光前板。
在一些实施方式中，所述太阳能组件可以为平面组件、或异型组件、或平面组件与异型组件的结合。
在一些实施方式中，所述异型组件可以为折面组件、曲面组件和其他形状的异型组件中的任意一种或更多种的结合。
在一些实施方式中，所述彩色透光前板可以为彩色透光镀膜板或透光原片着色板，所述彩色透光镀膜板可以包括透光基板和设置在所述透光基板上的膜层。
在一些实施方式中，所述膜层可以为全介质膜，所述全介质膜可以包括至少一层高折射率材料膜，高折射率材料膜的折射率高于所述透光基板的折射率。
在一些实施方式中，所述高折射率材料膜可以由在550nm波长下的折射率为1.92至2.60的材料形成。
在一些实施方式中，所述高折射率材料膜可以选自钛酸镧膜、二氧化钛膜、五氧化三钛膜、五氧化二铌膜、五氧化二钽膜和二氧化锆膜中的任意一种或更多种。
在一些实施方式中，所述高折射率材料膜可以选自钛酸镧膜、二氧化钛膜、五氧化三钛膜、五氧化二铌膜、五氧化二钽膜和二氧化锆膜中的任意一种。
在一些实施方式中，所述全介质膜还可以包括至少一层低折射率材料膜，所述低折射率材料膜的折射率低于所述透光基板的折射率，所述至少一层高折射率材料膜和所述至少一层低折射率材料膜交替设置在所述透光基板上。
在一些实施方式中，所述低折射率材料膜可以由在550nm波长下的折射率为1.35至1.50的材料形成。
在一些实施方式中，所述低折射率材料膜可以选自二氧化硅膜和氟化镁膜中的任意一种或两种。
在一些实施方式中，所述低折射率材料膜可以选自二氧化硅膜和氟化镁膜中的任意一种。
在一些实施方式中，所述彩色透光镀膜板可以依次包括透光基板和高折射率材料膜。
在一些实施方式中，所述彩色透光镀膜板可以依次包括透光基板、高折射率材料膜、低折射率材料膜、高折射率材料膜和低折射率材料膜。
在一些实施方式中，所述彩色透光镀膜板可以依次包括透光基板、高折射率材料膜、低折射率材料膜、高折射率材料膜、低折射率材料膜和高折射率材料膜。
在一些实施方式中，所述彩色透光镀膜板可以依次包括透光基板、高折射率材料膜、低折射率材料膜、高折射率材料膜、低折射率材料膜、高折射率材料膜和低折射率材料膜。
在一些实施方式中，所述彩色透光镀膜板可以依次包括透光基板、低折射率材料膜和高折射率材料膜。
需要说明的是，设置于透光基板上方的既可以是高折射率材料膜，也可以是低折射率材料膜。
在一些实施方式中，所述彩色透光镀膜板可以通过下述方法制备得到：
清洗并干燥透光基板；
将干燥后的透光基板放入镀膜设备的真空腔体内，将真空腔体抽至真空状态；
熔融或预溅射镀膜材料；
将膜系设计导入镀膜制程程序，采用蒸发镀膜法或磁控溅射法将熔融或预溅射的镀膜材料沉积在所述透光基板表面上，以形成所述至少一层高折射率材料膜或者形成所述至少一层高折射率材料膜和所述至少一层低折射率材料膜；
破真空，取出镀膜板；
对镀膜板进行检测，合格的产品进行包装。
在一些实施方式中，所述彩色透光前板的颜色可以为蓝色、紫色、金黄色、黄色、红色、陶土色、灰色、橙色或绿色。
在一些实施方式中，所述透光基板可以为玻璃基板或透光高分子材料基板。
在一些实施方式中，所述膜层可以为彩釉膜层。
在一些实施方式中，所述背板可以为彩色透光镀膜板或透光原片着色板。
在一些实施方式中，所述胶片可以为PVB或EVA柔性胶片。
在一些实施方式中，所述太阳能电池可以为CIGS薄膜太阳能电池或晶硅太阳能电池。
本申请的太阳能组件具有以下优势：
1、本申请的太阳能组件采用的彩色透光前板在红外波段的透过率高，使得在太阳能组件的发电波长范围内、尤其是在380nm至1100nm波段的平均透过率大大提高，使得本申请的太阳能组件的发电效率得到了显著提高。同时本申请的彩色透光镀膜板可根据需求制成不同的颜色，能够满足丰富多彩的颜色需求，而且与建筑结合后更加美观。
2、当采用含有彩釉膜层或全介质膜的彩色透光镀膜板作为前板时，由于不采用金属膜层，避免了金属膜层被氧化的问题，而且无需再设置金属保护层，节约了成本。
3、本申请的太阳能组件可根据使用场合需要制成平面的和/或异型的(例如，折面的、或曲面的或其他异型形状的)，扩展了使用场合的范围。
本申请的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分地从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本申请而了解。本申请的目的和其他优点可通过在说明书、权利要求书以及附图中所特别指出的结构来实现和获得。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本申请技术方案的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本申请的实施例一起用于解释本申请的技术方案，并不构成对本申请技术方案的限制。
图1为本申请实施例1的彩色透光镀膜板的透过率曲线；
图2为本申请实施例2的彩色透光镀膜板的透过率曲线；
图3为本申请实施例3的彩色透光镀膜板的透过率曲线；
图4为本申请实施例4的彩色透光镀膜板的透过率曲线；
图5为本申请实施例5的太阳能组件的结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例6的太阳能组件的结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例7的太阳能组件的结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例8的太阳能组件的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，下文中将结合附图对本申请的实施例进行详细说明。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。
本申请实施例提供了一种太阳能组件，所述太阳能组件可以依次包括前板、胶片、太阳能电池和背板，或者，依次包括前板、胶片、太阳能电池、胶片和背板，所述前板为彩色透光前板。
所述太阳能组件可以为平面组件、或异型组件、或平面组件与异型组件的结合。因此可以根据建筑物的形状选择相匹配的太阳能组件的形状。
所述异型组件可以为折面组件、曲面组件和其他形状的异型组件中的任意一种或更多种的结合。
所述折面组件可以为一种折面组件或更多种折面组件的组合。
所述曲面组件可以为一种曲面组件或更多种曲面组件的组合。
所述彩色透光前板可以为彩色透光镀膜板或透光原片着色板，所述彩色透光镀膜板包括透光基板和设置在所述透光基板上的膜层。
所述膜层可以为全介质膜，所述全介质膜可以包括至少一层高折射率材料膜，高折射率材料膜的折射率高于所述透光基板的折射率。全介质膜在太阳光的照射下可以显示出颜色，可以根据需要对全介质膜进行膜系设计从而使其显示出期望的颜色。此外，全介质膜在红外波段的透过率高，使得在太阳能组件的发电波长范围内、尤其是在380nm至1100nm波段的平均透过率大大提高，可以使太阳能组件的发电效率得到显著提高；同时，选择全介质膜作为彩色透光前板上的膜层而不采用金属膜层时，避免了金属膜层被氧化的问题，而且无需再设置金属保护层，节约了成本。
所述高折射率材料可以膜由在550nm波长下的折射率为1.92至2.60的材料形成。此时可以使彩色透光前板在太阳能组件的发电波长范围内的平均透过率在更大程度上得到提高，从而提高太阳能组件的发电效果。
所述高折射率材料膜可以选自钛酸镧膜、二氧化钛膜、五氧化三钛膜、五氧化二铌膜、五氧化二钽膜和二氧化锆膜中的任意一种或更多种。此时可以使彩色透光前板在太阳能组件的发电波长范围内的平均透过率在更大程度上得到提高，从而提高太阳能组件的发电效果。当所述高折射率材料膜选自钛酸镧、二氧化钛、五氧化三钛、五氧化二铌、五氧化二钽和二氧化锆中的任意一种时，本申请的太阳能组件的发电效果较佳，而且生产工艺较简单。
本申请实施例的太阳能组件的所述全介质膜还可以包括至少一层低折射率材料膜，所述低折射率材料膜的折射率低于所述透光基板的折射率，所述至少一层高折射率材料膜和所述至少一层低折射率材料膜交替设置在所述透光基板上。当所述全介质膜包括低折射率材料膜时，可以使全介质膜获得更加多样化的膜系设计结构，从而保证太阳能组件在具有良好的发电效果的前提下，能够获得更多的颜色。
所述低折射率材料膜可以由在550nm波长下的折射率为1.35至1.50的材料形成。此时可以使彩色透光前板在太阳能组件的发电波长范围内的平均透过率在更大程度上得到提高，从而提高太阳能组件的发电效果。
所述低折射率材料膜选自二氧化硅膜和氟化镁膜中的任意一种或两种。此时可以使彩色透光前板在太阳能组件的发电波长范围内波段的平均透过率在更大程度上得到提高，从而提高太阳能组件的发电效果。当所述低折射率材料膜选自二氧化硅膜和氟化镁膜中的任意一种时，本申请的太阳能组件的发电效果较佳，而且生产工艺较简单。
所述彩色透光镀膜板可以依次包括透光基板和高折射率材料膜。
所述彩色透光镀膜板可以依次包括透光基板、高折射率材料膜、低折射率材料膜、高折射率材料膜和低折射率材料膜。
所述彩色透光镀膜板可以依次包括透光基板、高折射率材料膜、低折射率材料膜、高折射率材料膜、低折射率材料膜和高折射率材料膜。
所述彩色透光镀膜板可以依次包括透光基板、高折射率材料膜、低折射率材料膜、高折射率材料膜、低折射率材料膜、高折射率材料膜和低折射率材料膜。
所述彩色透光镀膜板可以依次包括透光基板、低折射率材料膜和高折射率材料膜。
所述彩色透光前板的颜色可以为蓝色、紫色、金黄色、黄色、红色、陶土色、灰色、橙色或绿色。因此本申请的太阳能组件能够保证在太阳能组件的发电波长范围内具有较高的平均透过率的前提下根据需求制成不同的颜色，满足了丰富多彩的颜色需求，而且与建筑结合后更加美观。
所述透光基板可以为玻璃基板或透光高分子材料基板；所述玻璃基板可以为超白浮法玻璃、普通浮法玻璃、本体着色玻璃或光学玻璃等；所述透光高分子材料基板可以为透光树脂基板，例如PC或PMMA等透光基板；所述玻璃基板的厚度可以为3.2mm至8mm。因此可以根据不同的使用场合和要求，例如柔韧性、透光率等要求来选择合适类型的透光基板和透光基板的厚度。
所述膜层还可以为彩釉膜层。因此，可以根据需要选择颜色并通过彩釉的方式在透光基板上形成带有颜色的膜层。
所述背板可以为彩色透光镀膜板或透光原片着色板。此时的背板具有装饰作用，使得本申请的太阳能组件的外观更加美观。
以下列举了一些含有全介质膜的彩色透光镀膜板的具体实施例，其中所采用的透光基板为厚度为3.2mm至8mm的超白浮法玻璃，此时的彩色透光镀膜板为彩色镀膜玻璃。其中，Ti3O5(1)代表透光基板上的第一层为高折射率材料Ti3O5，SiO2(2)代表第二层为低折射率材料SiO2，以此类推。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种蓝色的镀膜玻璃，该蓝色的镀膜玻璃可以包括4层全介质膜，其膜系设计结构可以为：
a.Air/透光基板/Ti3O5(1)/SiO2(2)/Ti3O5(3)/SiO2(4)/Air，其中，Ti3O5(1)的厚度为33.48nm±20nm，SiO2(2)的厚度为51.96nm±20nm，Ti3O5(3)的厚度为82.86nm±20nm，SiO2(4)的厚度为117.36nm±20nm；或者
b.Air/透光基板/Ta2O5(1)/SiO2(2)/Ta2O5(3)/SiO2(4)/Air，其中，Ta2O5(1)的厚度为32.81nm±20nm，SiO2(2)的厚度为55.97nm±20nm，Ta2O5(3)的厚度为78.81nm±20nm，SiO2(4)的厚度为117.11nm±20nm；或者
c.Air/透光基板/Nb2O5(1)/SiO2(2)/Nb2O5(3)/SiO2(4)/Air，其中，Nb2O5(1)的厚度为33.41nm±20nm，SiO2(2)的厚度为51.96nm±20nm，Nb2O5(3)的厚度为82.68nm±20nm，SiO2(4)的厚度为117.36nm±20nm。
图1为该蓝色的镀膜玻璃的透过率曲线。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种金黄色的镀膜玻璃，该金黄色的镀膜玻璃可以包括5层全介质膜，其膜系设计结构可以为：
a.Air/透光基板/Ti3O5(1)/SiO2(2)/Ti3O5(3)/SiO2(4)/Ti3O5(5)/Air，其中，Ti3O5(1)的厚度为91.66nm±20nm，SiO2(2)的厚度为35.17nm±20nm，Ti3O5(3)的厚度为66.32nm±20nm，SiO2(4)的厚度为17.03nm±20nm，Ti3O5(5)的厚度为15.07nm±20nm；或者
b.Air/透光基板/Ta2O5(1)/SiO2(2)/Ta2O5(3)/SiO2(4)/Ta2O5(5)/Air，其中，Ta2O5(1)的厚度为94.35nm±20nm，SiO2(2)的厚度为44.22nm±20nm，Ta2O5(3)的厚度为63.02nm±20nm，SiO2(4)的厚度为15.74nm±20nm，Ta2O5(5)的厚度为19.76nm±20nm；或者
c.Air/透光基板/Nb2O5(1)/SiO2(2)/Nb2O5(3)/SiO2(4)Nb2O5(5)/Air，其中，Nb2O5(1)的厚度为91.46nm±20nm，SiO2(2)的厚度为35.31nm±20nm，Nb2O5(3)的厚度为58.56nm±20nm，SiO2(4)的厚度为18.45nm±20nm，Nb2O5(5)的厚度为17.71nm±20nm。
图2为该金黄色的镀膜玻璃的透过率曲线。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种红色的镀膜玻璃，该红色的镀膜玻璃可以包括6层全介质膜，其膜系设计结构可以为：
a.Air/透光基板/Ti3O5(1)/SiO2(2)/Ti3O5(3)/SiO2(4)/Ti3O5(5)/SiO2(6)/Air，其中，Ti3O5(1)的厚度为86.16nm±20nm，SiO2(2)的厚度为120.43nm±20nm，Ti3O5(3)的厚度为72.95nm±20nm，SiO2(4)的厚度为125.76nm±20nm，Ti3O5(5)的厚度为68.70nm±20nm，SiO2(6)的厚度为63.09nm±20nm；或者
b.Air/透光基板/Ta2O5(1)/SiO2(2)/Ta2O5(3)/SiO2(4)/Ta2O5(5)/SiO2(6)/Air，其中，Ta2O5(1)的厚度为90.83nm±20nm，SiO2(2)的厚度为117.22nm±20nm，Ta2O5(3)的厚度为76.76nm±20nm，SiO2(4)的厚度为123.06nm±20nm，Ta2O5(5)的厚度为69.84nm±20nm，SiO2(6)的厚度为61.50nm±20nm；或者
c.Air/透光基板/Nb2O5(1)/SiO2(2)/Nb2O5(3)/SiO2(4)/Nb2O5(5)/SiO2(6)/Air，其中，Nb2O5(1)的厚度为85.26nm±20nm，SiO2(2)的厚度为120.06nm±20nm，Nb2O5(3)的厚度为72.44nm±20nm，SiO2(4)的厚度为125.56nm±20nm，Nb2O5(5)的厚度为68.66nm±20nm，SiO2(6)的厚度为63.22nm±20nm。
图3为该红色的镀膜玻璃的透过率曲线。
实施例4
本实施例提供了一种灰色的镀膜玻璃，该灰色的镀膜玻璃可以包括1层全介质膜，其膜系设计结构可以为：
a.Air/透光基板/Ti3O5(1)/Air，其中Ti3O5(1)的厚度为23nm±20nm；或者
b.Air/透光基板/Ta2O5(1)/Air，其中，Ta2O5(1)的厚度为30nm±20nm；或者
c.Air/透光基板/Nb2O5(1)/Air，其中，Nb2O5(1)的厚度为22.66nm±20nm。
图4为该灰色的镀膜玻璃的透过率曲线。
从图1-4可以看出，本申请实施例的彩色透光镀膜板虽然在可见光区域的透过率偏低，但在红外光区域的透过率高，尤其是在380nm至1100nm波段范围内的平均透过率高。将其用作太阳能组件的彩色透光前板，会获得较佳的发电效果。
此外，使用同样的高折射率材料和低折射率材料，通过增减镀膜层数及调整(加厚或减薄)每一层膜的厚度，也可以制得同样颜色的彩色透光前板。而且，采用不同膜系设计结构制备的同样颜色的彩色透光前板的光谱几乎相同。但是在膜系设计时应尽量采用较少层数的膜，以降低成本。
以下列举了一些太阳能组件的具体实施例。
实施例5
如图5所示，本实施例的太阳能组件依次包括彩色透光前板1、胶片2、太阳能电池3和背板4，所述背板4的下方或一侧设置有与太阳能电池3电连接的接线盒5，彩色透光前板1可以选择实施例1-4中的任意一种彩色透光镀膜板，本实施例的太阳能组件为平面组件。
实施例6
如图6所示，所述太阳能组件可以依次包括彩色透光前板1、胶片2、太阳能电池3、胶片2和背板4，所述背板4的下方或一侧设置有与太阳能电池3电连接的接线盒5，彩色透光前板1可以选择透光原片着色板或包括彩釉膜层的彩釉玻璃，本实施例的太阳能组件为平面组件。
实施例7
如图7所示，本实施例的太阳能组件可以依次包括彩色透光前板1、太阳能电池3、胶片2和背板4，所述背板4的下方或一侧设置有与太阳能电池3电连接的接线盒5，彩色透光前板1可以选择实施例1-4中的任意一种彩色透光镀膜板，本实施例的太阳能组件为曲面组件。
实施例8
如图8所示，本实施例的太阳能组件依次包括彩色透光前板1、胶片2、太阳能电池3、胶片2和背板4，所述背板4的下方或一侧设置有与太阳能电池3电连接的接线盒5，彩色透光前板1可以选择实施例1-4中的任意一种彩色透光镀膜板，本实施例的太阳能组件为曲面组件。
虽然本申请所揭露的实施方式如上，但所述的内容仅为便于理解本申请而采用的实施方式，并非用以限定本申请。任何本申请所属领域内的技术人员，在不脱离本申请所揭露的精神和范围的前提下，可以在实施的形式及细节上进行任何的修改与变化，但本申请的专利保护范围，仍须以所附的权利要求书所界定的范围为准。

Claims (16)

1.一种太阳能组件，其特征在于，所述太阳能组件依次包括前板、胶片、太阳能电池和背板，或者，依次包括前板、胶片、太阳能电池、胶片和背板，所述前板为彩色透光前板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能组件，其特征在于，所述太阳能组件为平面组件、折面组件和曲面组件中的任意一种或更多种的结合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能组件，其特征在于，所述彩色透光前板为彩色透光镀膜板或透光原片着色板，所述彩色透光镀膜板包括透光基板和设置在所述透光基板上的膜层。
4.根据权利要求3所述的太阳能组件，其特征在于，所述膜层为全介质膜，所述全介质膜包括至少一层高折射率材料膜，高折射率材料膜的折射率高于所述透光基板的折射率。
5.根据权利要求4所述的太阳能组件，其特征在于，所述高折射率材料膜由在550nm波长下的折射率为1.92至2.60的材料形成。
6.根据权利要求4所述的太阳能组件，其特征在于，所述高折射率材料膜选自钛酸镧膜、二氧化钛膜、五氧化三钛膜、五氧化二铌膜、五氧化二钽膜和二氧化锆膜中的任意一种或更多种。
7.根据权利要求4-6中任一项所述的太阳能组件，其特征在于，所述全介质膜还包括至少一层低折射率材料膜，所述低折射率材料膜的折射率低于所述透光基板的折射率，所述至少一层高折射率材料膜和所述至少一层低折射率材料膜交替设置在所述透光基板上。
8.根据权利要求7所述的太阳能组件，其特征在于，所述彩色透光镀膜板依次包括透光基板、高折射率材料膜、低折射率材料膜、高折射率材料膜和低折射率材料膜。
9.根据权利要求7所述的太阳能组件，其特征在于，所述彩色透光镀膜板依次包括透光基板、高折射率材料膜、低折射率材料膜、高折射率材料膜、低折射率材料膜和高折射率材料膜。
10.根据权利要求7所述的太阳能组件，其特征在于，所述彩色透光镀膜板依次包括透光基板、高折射率材料膜、低折射率材料膜、高折射率材料膜、低折射率材料膜、高折射率材料膜和低折射率材料膜。
11.根据权利要求7所述的太阳能组件，其特征在于，所述低折射率材料膜由在550nm波长下的折射率为1.35至1.50的材料形成。
12.根据权利要求7所述的太阳能组件，其特征在于，所述低折射率材料膜选自二氧化硅膜和氟化镁膜中的任意一种或两种。
13.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的太阳能组件，其特征在于，所述彩色透光前板的颜色为蓝色、紫色、金黄色、黄色、红色、陶土色、灰色、橙色或绿色。
14.根据权利要求3-6中任一项所述的太阳能组件，其特征在于，所述透光基板为玻璃基板或透光高分子材料基板。
15.根据权利要求3所述的太阳能组件，其特征在于，所述膜层为彩釉膜层。
16.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的太阳能组件，其特征在于，所述背板为彩色透光镀膜板或透光原片着色板。
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