US20120000574A1 - Gas filling ystem - Google Patents

Gas filling ystem Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120000574A1
US20120000574A1 US13/203,912 US200913203912A US2012000574A1 US 20120000574 A1 US20120000574 A1 US 20120000574A1 US 200913203912 A US200913203912 A US 200913203912A US 2012000574 A1 US2012000574 A1 US 2012000574A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
gas
filling
flow rate
temperature
tank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/203,912
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English (en)
Inventor
Hiroaki Nishiumi
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
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Assigned to TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA reassignment TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NISHIUMI, HIROAKI
Publication of US20120000574A1 publication Critical patent/US20120000574A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/058—Size portable (<30 l)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0376—Dispensing pistols
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0439—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0443—Flow or movement of content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0636—Flow or movement of content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0689—Methods for controlling or regulating
    • F17C2250/0694—Methods for controlling or regulating with calculations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/023—Avoiding overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/026—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer by calculation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/065—Fluid distribution for refueling vehicle fuel tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0178—Cars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0184—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gas filling system that fills a gas tank mounted on a vehicle with a gas at a gas station.
  • a gas fuel vehicle having a gas tank such as a fuel cell vehicle, stops at a gas station to fill the gas tank with a fuel gas dispensed through a filling nozzle.
  • the fuel gas is hydrogen gas, the temperature rises as the tank is filled.
  • the hydrogen station described in Patent Document 1 comprises a storage unit that stores pressurized hydrogen gas, a dispenser that fills the gas tank with the hydrogen gas from the storage unit, and an absorption chiller that cools the hydrogen gas.
  • the absorption chiller previously cools the hydrogen gas supplied to the storage unit and the dispenser, and the gas tank is filled with the previously cooled hydrogen gas. Thus, the filling time is reduced.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-83567
  • the chiller may be unable to adequately cool the hydrogen gas depending on the cooling capability. If the gas tank is filled with the inadequately cooled hydrogen gas at the same flow rate as that of the adequately cooled hydrogen gas, the temperature in the gas tank may rise beyond the design temperature (85 degrees C., for example). In this regard, the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 does not take the cooling capability of the chiller into account and thus needs further improvement.
  • Patent Document 1 does not consider the way of determining the filling flow rate. Supposing that the hydrogen station determines the filling flow rate regardless of the conditions of the vehicle, the determined flow rate is not always optimum for the vehicle.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a gas filling system that can optimally fill a gas tank depending on the cooling capability of a gas station.
  • a gas filling system comprises: a vehicle having a gas tank; a gas station having a cooling device that cools a gas from a gas supply source, the gas station discharging the gas cooled by the cooling device to fill said gas tank with the gas, a temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the gas cooled by said cooling device on the upstream side of said gas tank; and a first controller that determines the filling flow rate of the gas to said gas tank based on the gas temperature detected by said temperature sensor.
  • the first controller is provided in said vehicle.
  • the filling flow rate can be changed depending on the temperature of the gas cooled by the cooling device, and therefore, filling can be optimally performed depending on the cooling capability of the cooling device.
  • the gas tank can be filled with a predetermined amount of gas (a full or specified amount of gas) in the shortest possible time while maintaining a stable internal condition of the gas tank.
  • the first controller in the vehicle determines the filling flow rate, it is also possible that an optimum filling flow rate reflecting conditions of the vehicle (characteristics of the gas tank, for example) is determined.
  • said first controller may have a map of the filling flow rate for each gas temperature to be detected by said temperature sensor and may select the filling flow rate from the map based on the gas temperature detected by said temperature sensor.
  • the filling flow rate can be easily determined.
  • the first controller of the vehicle can retain a map produced by taking into account the conditions of the vehicle (characteristics of the gas tank, for example), so that the map does not need to be updated for each vehicle on the gas station side.
  • said first controller may determine the filling flow rate based on characteristics concerning said gas tank.
  • the characteristics concerning the gas tank include characteristics of the gas tank and characteristics of influences exerted on the gas tank.
  • the former characteristics primarily include the heat radiation performance and the temperature rise rate.
  • the latter characteristics include the cooling characteristics that vary depending on the position of the gas tank in the vehicle, for example.
  • said temperature sensor may detect said gas temperature at the start of filling or during filling.
  • the cooling capability of the cooling device can be determined at the start of filling.
  • the presence or absence of an abnormality of the cooling device can be detected during filling.
  • the filling flow rate can be determined again during filling depending on the detected gas temperature.
  • said vehicle may have a first communication device connected to said first controller.
  • the gas station may have a flow rate controlling device; a second communication device that receives information about said determined filling flow rate from said first communication device; and a second controller that controls said flow rate controlling device to achieve the filling flow rate received by said second communication device.
  • the vehicle and the gas station can communicate with each other, so that the filling flow rate determined in the vehicle does not need to be manually input to the gas station.
  • said temperature sensor may detect the gas temperature at said cooling device.
  • At least one of said first controller and said second controller may store a transmission/reception history between said first communication device and said second communication device. More preferably, said transmission/reception history may include a history of transmission of the information about said determined filling flow rate from said first communication device to said second communication device. According to such configuration, for example, when the vehicle is inspected, whether or not filling has been performed at the optimum filling flow rate reflecting the conditions of the vehicle can be checked by checking the transmission/reception history.
  • the gas filling system according to the present invention may further comprise a display device that provides an indication that said filling flow rate is being controlled or has been controlled based on the gas temperature detected by said temperature sensor.
  • a display device that provides an indication that said filling flow rate is being controlled or has been controlled based on the gas temperature detected by said temperature sensor.
  • said first controller may determine a lower filling flow rate when said temperature sensor detects a higher gas temperature than when said temperature sensor detects a lower gas temperature.
  • the gas tank can be filled with a predetermined amount of gas in a short time while preventing the temperature in the gas tank from reaching a design temperature.
  • the filling flow rate is raised when the gas temperature is low, the gas tank can be filled with a predetermined amount of gas in a shorter time than in the case where the gas temperature is high.
  • the gas filling system according to the present invention may further comprise a sensor that obtains information about the interior of said gas tank, and said first controller may determine the filling flow rate based on the information obtained by said sensor.
  • a sensor that obtains information about the interior of said gas tank
  • said first controller may determine the filling flow rate based on the information obtained by said sensor.
  • filling can be performed suitably for the conditions in the gas tank to be filled.
  • the filling flow rate can be more precisely controlled than in the case where the information is obtained by estimation.
  • said sensor may include at least one of a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor. According to this configuration, for example, when it is detected that the temperature in the gas tank is too high, the filling flow rate can be lowered to prevent further rise of the temperature in the gas tank.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a gas filling system according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of the gas filling system according to the embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart for illustrating a filling process of the gas filling system according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is an example of a filling flow rate map used in the filling process according to the embodiment.
  • the gas filling system fills a fuel cell vehicle having a fuel cell system with hydrogen gas from a gas station.
  • the fuel cell system has a fuel cell that generates electric power by an electrochemical reaction between a fuel gas (hydrogen gas, for example) and an oxidation gas (air, for example), or the like.
  • a gas filling system 1 comprises a hydrogen station 2 serving as a gas station, and a fuel cell vehicle 3 to which hydrogen gas is supplied from the hydrogen station 2 , for example.
  • the hydrogen station 2 has a curdle (gas supply source) 11 that stores hydrogen gas, a filling nozzle 12 for ejecting the hydrogen gas into a gas tank 30 mounted on the vehicle, and a gas flow channel 13 that connects the curdle 11 and the filling nozzle 12 to each other.
  • the filling nozzle 12 is a component referred to also as a filling coupling and is connected to a receptacle 32 of the vehicle 3 when hydrogen gas filling is performed.
  • the filling nozzle 12 and the receptacle 32 form a connection unit that connects the hydrogen station 2 and the gas tank 32 to each other.
  • the gas flow channel 13 includes, from the side of the curdle 11 , a compressor 14 that compresses the hydrogen gas received from the curdle 11 and discharges the compressed hydrogen gas, an accumulator 15 that stores the hydrogen gas pressurized to a predetermined pressure by the compressor 14 , a flow rate control valve 16 that adjusts the flow rate of the hydrogen gas supplied from the accumulator 15 , a flowmeter 17 that measures the flow rate of the hydrogen gas, a pre-cooler 18 that preliminarily cools the hydrogen gas flowing in the gas flow channel 13 , and a temperature sensor T that detects the temperature of the hydrogen gas on the downstream side of the pre-cooler 18 .
  • the hydrogen station 2 further has a communication device 21 , a display device 22 , an outside air temperature sensor 23 and a controller 24 , and various devices are electrically connected to the controller 24 .
  • a shut-off valve that opens the gas flow channel 13 when filling is performed is disposed on the accumulator 13 or on the downstream side of the accumulator 13 .
  • the flow rate control valve 16 is an electrically driven valve, and the driving source is a step motor, for example.
  • the flow rate of the hydrogen gas is adjusted by changing the valve position of the flow rate control valve 16 by means of the step motor in response to the instruction from the controller 24 . In this way, the filling flow rate of the hydrogen gas to the gas tank 30 is controlled.
  • the flowmeter 17 measures the controlled filling flow rate, and the controller 24 feedback-controls the flow rate control valve 16 to achieve a desired filling flow rate based on the measurement.
  • a flow rate controlling device other than the flow fate control valve 16 may be used.
  • the pre-cooler 18 cools the hydrogen gas from the accumulator 15 from about room temperature to a predetermined low temperature ( ⁇ 20 degrees C., for example) by heat exchange.
  • the heat exchange in the pre-cooler 18 may be any of indirect heat exchange, intermediate medium heat exchange and regenerative heat exchange, and the pre-cooler 18 can have a well-known structure.
  • the pre-cooler 18 has a pipe through which hydrogen gas flows, and the pipe is housed in a container in which a coolant flows to achieve heat exchange between the hydrogen gas and the coolant.
  • the temperature of the cooled hydrogen gas can be adjusted by adjusting the amount and temperature of the coolant supplied to the container.
  • the temperature sensor T detects the temperature of the hydrogen gas cooled by the pre-cooler 18 in this way, and the detection signal is input to the controller 24 .
  • the communication device 21 has a communication interface to perform radio communication, such as infrared communication.
  • the display device 22 displays various kinds of information, such as the filling flow rate during filling, on a screen thereof.
  • the display device 22 may have an operation panel for selecting or specifying a desired filling amount or the like on the display screen.
  • the controller 24 is constituted by a microcomputer incorporating a CPU, a ROM and a RAM.
  • the CPU performs desired calculations according to a control program to perform various controlling and other processing.
  • the ROM stores the control program and control data processed by the CPU, and the RAM is used mainly as working spaces for various controlling processing.
  • the controller 24 is electrically connected not only to the communication device 21 and other devices shown by the alternate long and short dash lines in FIG. 2 but also to the curdle 11 , the compressor 14 , the accumulator 15 and the pre-cooler 18 to comprehensively control the entire hydrogen station 2 .
  • the controller 24 controls the communication device 21 to transmit information available in the hydrogen station 2 to the vehicle 3 .
  • the vehicle 3 has the gas tank 30 and the receptacle 32 described above.
  • the gas tank 30 is a fuel gas supply source for a fuel cell and is a high-pressure tank capable of storing hydrogen gas at 35 MPa or 70 MPa, for example.
  • the hydrogen gas in the gas tank 30 is supplied to the fuel cell through a supply pipe (not shown).
  • the gas tank 30 is replenished with hydrogen gas from the hydrogen station 2 through the receptacle 32 and a filling pipe 34 .
  • the filling pipe 34 includes a check valve 36 to prevent backflow of the hydrogen gas, for example.
  • a temperature sensor 40 and a pressure sensor 42 detect the temperature and pressure of the hydrogen gas in the gas tank 30 , respectively, and can be provided on the supply pipe or filling pipe 34 .
  • the vehicle 3 further has a communication device 44 that transmits and receives various kinds of information to and from the communication device 21 of the hydrogen station 2 , a controller 46 constituted by a microcomputer as with the controller 24 of the hydrogen station 2 , and a display device 48 that displays various kinds of information on a screen.
  • the communication device 44 is associated with the communication device 21 and has a communication interface to perform radio communication, such as infrared communication.
  • the communication device 44 is incorporated in the receptacle 32 or fixed in a lid box of the vehicle 3 so that the communication device 44 can communicate with the communication device 21 with the filling nozzle 12 connected to the receptacle 32 .
  • the controller 46 comprehensively controls the vehicle 3 based on the detection results received from various sensors including the temperature sensor 40 and the pressure sensor 42 .
  • the controller 46 controls the communication device 44 to transmit information available in the vehicle 3 to the hydrogen station 2 .
  • the display device 48 may be a part of a car navigation system, for example.
  • the filling nozzle 12 is first connected to the receptacle 32 . Then, the hydrogen station 2 is activated. Then, the hydrogen gas stored in the accumulator 15 is cooled by the pre-cooler 18 and then discharged into the gas tank 30 through the filling nozzle 12 to fill the gas tank 30 .
  • the gas filling system 1 controls the filling flow rate by determining the filling flow rate in the vehicle 3 and transmitting the data thereof to the hydrogen station 2 .
  • step S 1 when a person who performs filling connects the filling nozzle 12 to the receptacle 32 and performs a filling start operation to permit discharge of hydrogen gas from the hydrogen station 2 to the gas tank 30 , filling is started (step S 1 ). Then, the hydrogen gas stored in the accumulator 15 is cooled by the pre-cooler 18 and then discharged into the gas tank 30 .
  • the tank pressure is the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the gas tank 30 and is detected by the pressure sensor 42 .
  • the tank temperature is the temperature of the hydrogen gas in the gas tank 30 and is detected by the temperature sensor 40 .
  • the detection signals indicating the tank pressure and the tank temperature are input to the controller 46 .
  • the controller 46 grasps the tank pressure and the tank temperature immediately after the start of filling.
  • the pre-cooler temperature is the temperature of the hydrogen gas in the pre-cooler 18 and is detected by the temperature sensor T.
  • the detection signal indicating the pre-cooler temperature is input to the controller 24 , and the controller 24 instructs the communication device 21 to transmit the detection value of the pre-cooler temperature to the communication device 44 in the vehicle 3 .
  • the controller 46 in the vehicle 3 grasps the pre-cooler temperature immediately after the start of filling.
  • the controller 46 selects or determines the filling flow rate based on a filling flow rate map stored in the ROM or the like (step S 2 ).
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of the filling flow rate map.
  • a filling flow rate map Ma is provided for each of a plurality of pre-cooler temperatures (for example, T 1 , T 2 and T 3 relate to each other according to T 1 ⁇ T 2 ⁇ T 3 ), and the column and the row in the table represent the tank pressure and the tank temperature, respectively. For example, if the detected pre-cooler temperature is T 1 , the detected tank pressure is 40 MPa, and the detected tank temperature is 0 degrees C., the controller 46 selects and determines D 4 (m 3 /min) as the filling flow rate.
  • Each filling flow rate in the filling flow rate map Ma is a filling flow rate at which the gas tank 30 can be smoothly and quickly filled with hydrogen gas under the condition determined by the tank pressure, the tank temperature and the pre-cooler temperature. More specifically, each filling flow rate in the filling flow rate map Ma is a flow rate at which the gas tank 30 can be filled with the highest possible amount (the full filling amount, for example) of hydrogen gas in the shortest possible time under the condition determined by the three factors described above while preventing the temperature in the gas tank 30 from reaching a predetermined upper limit (85 degrees C., for example) under the above three conditions. Although the tank pressure increases in increments of 10 MPa and the tank temperature increases in increments of 10 degrees C. in the filling flow rate map Ma, these increments can be arbitrarily set, of course. Similarly, the filling flow rate maps can be provided for any pre-cooler temperatures, such as every 2 to 3 degrees C., 5 degrees C. and 10 degrees C.
  • the filling flow rate decreases as the pre-cooler temperature increases.
  • the tank pressure is 40 MPa and the tank temperature is 0 degrees C.
  • the filling flow rate for the pre-cooler temperature T 2 is lower than the filling flow rate D 4 for the pre-cooler temperature T 1 .
  • the gas tank 30 can be filled in the shortest possible time while preventing the temperature in the gas tank 30 from reaching the upper limit even when the pre-cooler temperature rises because of successive fillings.
  • the filling flow rate can increase as the tank pressure increases.
  • the filling flow rate can increase as the tank temperature decreases.
  • the filling flow rate H 1 (for a tank pressure of 80 MPa and a tank temperature of ⁇ 30 degrees C.) is the highest of the filling flow rates A 1 to H 8 in the filling flow rate map Ma, and the filling flow rate A 8 (for a tank pressure of 10 MPa and a tank temperature of 40 degrees C.) is the lowest.
  • Such filling flow rate map Ma is preferably based on characteristics concerning the gas tank 30 mounted in the vehicle 3 .
  • gas tanks 30 have been developed, and those gas tanks have different heat radiation performances or temperature rise rates depending on the material, the surface area, the structure thereof or the like.
  • a gas tank 30 lined with aluminum has a higher heat radiation performance than a gas tank 30 lined with resin (polyethylene or the like).
  • the heat radiation performance of the gas tank 30 varies depending on the characteristics or composition of the resin used as the liner.
  • the characteristics of cooling of the gas tank 30 by wind or the like varies depending on the position of the gas tank 30 in the vehicle 3 .
  • the characteristics of the gas tank 30 and the characteristics of influences exerted on the gas tank 30 can vary for the current or future vehicle 3 .
  • the filling flow rate map Ma stored in the controller 46 of the vehicle 3 take into account the characteristics concerning the gas tank 30 mounted in the vehicle 3 described above. For example, if the gas tank 30 has an aluminum liner, the filling flow rate is higher than the gas tank 30 having a resin liner for the same tank pressure, tank temperature and pre-cooler temperature. Thus, the gas tank 30 having a higher heat radiation performance can be filled in a shorter time.
  • step S 3 the controller 46 of the vehicle 3 transmits the information about the filling flow rate determined in step S 2 to the controller 24 of the hydrogen station 2 by communication between the communication device 44 and the communication device 21 .
  • step S 4 the controller 24 controls the hydrogen station 2 to achieve the communicated filling flow rate. More specifically, the controller 24 adjusts the valve position of the flow rate control valve 16 to achieve the communicated filling flow rate with reference to the measurement result of the flowmeter 17 .
  • the gas tank 30 is filled with hydrogen gas at a filling flow rate suitable for the current conditions of the tank pressure, the tank temperature and the pre-cooler temperature and the characteristics concerning the gas tank 30 .
  • At least one of the display device 22 of the hydrogen station 2 and the display device 48 of the vehicle 3 provides an indication that filling is being performed at the filling flow rate determined in step S 2 .
  • the person who performs filling can confirm that the filling flow rate is selected and controlled based on various conditions including the pre-cooler temperature through the indication provided by at least one of the display devices 22 and 48 of the gas filling system 1 .
  • step S 5 when the gas tank 30 is filled with a predetermined amount (an amount specified by the person who performs filling or a full filling amount) of hydrogen gas, supply of hydrogen gas from the hydrogen station 2 is stopped, and the filling is ended (step S 5 ).
  • a predetermined amount an amount specified by the person who performs filling or a full filling amount
  • the display devices 22 and 48 may provide the indication described above, such as an indication that the filling flow rate is controlled based on various conditions including the pre-cooler temperature, after the filling is ended or only after the filling is ended.
  • the storage section (the RAM described above, for example) of at least one of the controllers 24 and 46 in the gas filling system 1 preferably temporarily stores the transmission/reception history for the communication devices 44 and 21 .
  • the transmission/reception history preferably includes a history of transmission of the pre-cooler temperature from the communication device 21 to the communication device 44 after the start of filling in step S 1 or a history of transmission of information on the determined filling flow rate from the communication device 44 to the communication device 21 in step S 3 .
  • Both the hydrogen station 2 and the vehicle 3 can retain the transmission/reception history.
  • the transmission/reception history is particularly preferably retained in the vehicle 3 .
  • an optimum filling flow rate suitable for the cooling capability of the pre-cooler 18 can be determined. For example, as described above, when the pre-cooler temperature is relatively high, the filling flow rate can be relatively low. Thus, smooth and quick filling can be achieved while preventing the temperature in the gas tank 30 from exceeding the upper limit temperature. In other words, even if the pre-cooler 18 fails to adequately cool hydrogen gas, filling does not need to be suspended or stopped, so that the person who performs filling or the driver of the vehicle does not need to wait. On the other hand, when the pre-cooler temperature is relatively low, the filling flow rate can be relatively high. Thus, smooth and quick filling can be achieved in a shorter time while preventing the temperature in the gas tank 30 from exceeding the upper limit temperature.
  • the filling flow rate is determined based on actual information about the internal environment of the gas tank 30 , that is, the actually measured tank pressure and tank temperature, a more suitable filling flow rate can be determined than in the case where these values are estimated.
  • the filling flow rate may be determined and controlled without taking into account either or both of the tank pressure and the tank temperature.
  • the filling flow rate is determined based on the characteristics concerning the gas tank 30 (the heat radiation performance, for example), the optimum filling flow rate suitable for the gas tank 30 of the vehicle 3 can be determined. For example, if the gas tank 30 of the vehicle 3 has a relatively high heat radiation performance, a relatively high filling flow rate can be determined. Thus, smooth filling can be performed in a shorter time while preventing the temperature in the gas tank 30 from exceeding the upper limit temperature.
  • the optimum filling flow rate can be determined based on the temperature of the gas supplied from the gas station 2 to the gas tank 30 (the pre-cooler temperature) and the characteristics and the internal conditions (the tank pressure and the tank temperature) of the gas tank 30 to be filled. Therefore, the gas tank 30 can be filled with a predetermined amount of gas in the shortest possible time by the optimum filling method.
  • the filling flow rate is primarily determined by the vehicle 3 rather than the hydrogen station 2 .
  • the hydrogen station 2 primarily determines the filling flow rate unlike in this embodiment, the hydrogen station 2 can keep track of the characteristics concerning the gas tank 30 only to a limited extent. For example, even when a vehicle has its gas tank having a high temperature rise rate replaced with a new gas tank having a low temperature rise rate, the hydrogen station 2 determines the filling flow rate based on the filling flow rate map designed for the old gas tank having a high temperature rise rate. As a result, the filling time cannot be reduced.
  • the filling flow rate can be determined from the filling flow rate map Ma designed for the gas tank 30 of the vehicle 3 without being affected by other vehicles.
  • the optimum filling flow rate reflecting the characteristics concerning the gas tank 30 can be determined. Therefore, filling can be performed in the optimum manner for the gas tank 30 and therefore the vehicle 3 without losing the benefit of the technical advances of the gas tank 30 or the like.
  • the hydrogen station 2 there is an advantage that the software of the filling flow rate map in the hydrogen station 2 does not need to be replaced for each new vehicle.
  • the vehicle 3 transmits data about he determined filling flow rate to the hydrogen station 2 . Therefore, the filling flow rate determined by the vehicle 3 does not need to be manually input to the hydrogen station 2 . Furthermore, since the transmission/reception history is stored, it can be checked in vehicle safety inspection or the like whether or not filling has been performed at the optimum filling flow rate described above.
  • the pre-cooler temperature since the pre-cooler temperature is detected at the start of filling, the cooling capability of the pre cooler 18 can be determined at the start of filling.
  • the pre-cooler temperature may be detected during filling. In this case, the presence or absence of an abnormality of the pre-cooler 18 can be detected during filling.
  • the controller 46 of the vehicle 3 can select or determine again the filling flow rate suitable for the detected pre-cooler temperature by referring to the filling flow rate map Ma.
  • the hydrogen station 2 can change the filling flow rate to be suitable for the pre-cooler temperature during filling.
  • the tank pressure and the tank temperature can be estimated so as to determine the filling flow rate.
  • the tank pressure and the tank temperature can be estimated using a device of the hydrogen station 2 .
  • the tank pressure can be estimated from the result detected immediately after the start of filling by a pressure sensor provided in the gas flow channel 13 of the hydrogen station 2 .
  • the tank temperature can be estimated from the result of detection by the outside air temperature sensor 23 .
  • the position of the temperature sensor T for detecting the pre-cooler temperature can be changed. Since it is essential only that the temperature sensor T can detect the temperature of the hydrogen gas between the pre-cooler 18 and the upstream of the gas tank 30 , the temperature sensor T can be provided on the filling nozzle 12 . Alternatively, the temperature sensor T can be provided on the receptacle 32 or filling pipe 34 of the vehicle 3 to detect the temperature of the hydrogen gas discharged from the hydrogen station 2 to the gas tank 3 .
  • a plurality of gas tanks 30 can be provided.
  • the gas tanks have different heat radiation performances depending on the positions thereof and discharge different amounts of gas depending on the way of supply to the fuel cell.
  • the filling flow rate can be determined from the filling flow rate map Ma based on the information (tank temperature and tank pressure) about the gas tank having the highest tank temperature or the gas tank having the lowest gas pressure of the plurality of gas tanks.
  • all the gas tanks can be filled with a predetermined amount of gas in a short time while preventing the tank temperature in the gas tanks from reaching the upper limit temperature.
  • the tank temperature and the tank pressure of the gas tanks may be measured by the temperature sensor 40 and the pressure sensor 42 provided for each gas tank or measured by a single temperature sensor 40 and a single pressure sensor 42 provided for all the gas tanks.
  • the tank temperature and the tank pressure of the gas tanks may be estimated.
  • the gas filling system 1 according to the present invention can be applied to not only hydrogen gas but also any other gases whose temperature rises during filling. Furthermore, the gas filling system 1 according to the present invention can be applied to not only the vehicle 3 but also any other mobile bodies having a gas tank capable of being externally filled with gas, such as an aircraft, a ship and a robot.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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US20130340888A1 (en) 2013-12-26
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JPWO2011013214A1 (ja) 2013-01-07
CN102282410A (zh) 2011-12-14
DE112009005107T5 (de) 2012-09-13
US9222621B2 (en) 2015-12-29
DE112009005107B4 (de) 2017-10-19

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