US20110092136A1 - Methods and tool for maintenance of hard surfaces, and a method for manufacturing such a tool - Google Patents

Methods and tool for maintenance of hard surfaces, and a method for manufacturing such a tool Download PDF

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Publication number
US20110092136A1
US20110092136A1 US12/976,558 US97655810A US2011092136A1 US 20110092136 A1 US20110092136 A1 US 20110092136A1 US 97655810 A US97655810 A US 97655810A US 2011092136 A1 US2011092136 A1 US 2011092136A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
pad
flexible pad
floor
diamond particles
abrasive particles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US12/976,558
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English (en)
Inventor
Hakan Thysell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Twister Cleaning Technology AB
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HTC Sweden AB
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=37308762&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=US20110092136(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from EP05005570A external-priority patent/EP1702714B1/en
Priority claimed from US11/079,081 external-priority patent/US10065283B2/en
Priority to US12/976,558 priority Critical patent/US20110092136A1/en
Application filed by HTC Sweden AB filed Critical HTC Sweden AB
Publication of US20110092136A1 publication Critical patent/US20110092136A1/en
Priority to US13/101,224 priority patent/US20110207383A1/en
Priority to US15/407,694 priority patent/US20170120411A1/en
Priority to US15/707,262 priority patent/US20180001433A1/en
Assigned to TWISTER CLEANING TECHNOLOGY AB reassignment TWISTER CLEANING TECHNOLOGY AB ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HTC SWEDEN AB
Priority to US16/102,299 priority patent/US11065733B2/en
Priority to US17/173,726 priority patent/US20210162557A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
    • B24D11/04—Zonally-graded surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B7/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B7/10—Single-purpose machines or devices
    • B24B7/18—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding floorings, walls, ceilings or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B7/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B7/10—Single-purpose machines or devices
    • B24B7/18—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding floorings, walls, ceilings or the like
    • B24B7/186—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding floorings, walls, ceilings or the like with disc-type tools
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L13/00—Implements for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
    • A47L13/10—Scrubbing; Scouring; Cleaning; Polishing
    • A47L13/16—Cloths; Pads; Sponges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B23/00—Portable grinding machines, e.g. hand-guided; Accessories therefor
    • B24B23/02—Portable grinding machines, e.g. hand-guided; Accessories therefor with rotating grinding tools; Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
    • B24D11/001—Manufacture of flexible abrasive materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D13/00—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor
    • B24D13/14—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor acting by the front face
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D13/00—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor
    • B24D13/14—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor acting by the front face
    • B24D13/147—Wheels having flexibly-acting working parts, e.g. buffing wheels; Mountings therefor acting by the front face comprising assemblies of felted or spongy material; comprising pads surrounded by a flexible material

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a method and a tool for maintenance of hard surfaces, primarily concrete (cement), terrazzo and granite floor surfaces, but also marble or limestone surfaces.
  • the disclosure particularly relates to a method and a tool for maintenance which are suitable for use on a regular basis to maintain a polished hard floor surface.
  • the present disclosure relates to methods for maintenance of hard, smooth surfaces, primarily wood, linoleum, lacquer and vinyl floor surfaces.
  • the disclosure particularly relates to a methods for maintenance which are suitable for use on a daily basis to maintain a shiny, hard, smooth surface, such as a floor surface.
  • the pad is usually provided as a circular, disc-shaped body, which is to be disconnectably mounted on a circular carrier plate, which in use is caused to rotate in a plane parallel with the floor surface, such that the pad, when brought into contact with the floor surface, is slightly compressed by the pressure arising between the floor surface and the carrier plate.
  • the carrier plate is usually driven by a motor and may be mounted on a carrier frame, which may be arranged to be pushed or pulled by a walking operator or which may be arranged as a ridable vehicle.
  • Such pads are formed from fibers of an organic material, e.g. polyamide and/or polyester, particularly polyethylene terephtalate.
  • the fibers also include natural fibers, such as walnut fibers or coconut fibers.
  • the fibers of the pad is interconnected at their mutual points of contact by so-called melt bonding, whereby the fibers are subjected to heat that cause the outer part of the fibers to slightly melt and thereby to bond to each other.
  • the fibers may be interconnected at their mutual points of contact by the pad being impregnated with a polymer resin, hereinafter referred to as a “primary binder”.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,537,121 discloses pads for polishing surfaces of aluminum, plastic, wax and similar surfaces. U.S. Pat. No. 3,537,121 also discloses production of such pads.
  • a binder mixed with abrasive particles is applied to the pad by passing the pad between a pair of squeeze rolls, one of which is partially immersed in a container for a mixture of binder resin and abrasive particles, after which the pad is allowed to cure or dry.
  • a pad is provided, which is entirely impregnated by the binder and abrasive particles.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,893,439 discloses a pad for polishing floor surfaces or aluminum.
  • the pad consists of fibers of organic material and constitutes a lofty open non-woven structure, and contains a binder binding abrasive particles to the fibers.
  • the pad shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,893,493 has larger voids than that shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,537,121, and thereby has an improved ability to absorb dirt, so that it can be used for a longer period.
  • the pad disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,893,493 is entirely impregnated by binder and abrasive particles.
  • EP-A-0 397 374 discloses a pad for floor polishing machines, which also is entirely impregnated by binder and abrasive particles.
  • Pads of the above type are frequently used for so-called “burnishing”, i.e. dry polishing (often on a daily basis) of very lightly worn surfaces at high speed (1500-3000 rpm) and relatively low pressure, with a view to restoring a polished surface.
  • This type of treatment is commonly used for both vinyl and marble floorings.
  • Pads suitable for this purpose are available from 3M® under the designation “3MTM Floor Pads”, and provide no or little effect on very hard floor surfaces, such as terrazzo or concrete, which have been subject to wear for a longer period of time.
  • EP-B-0 562 919 discloses a non-woven pad of polymer fiber, which is entirely impregnated by a binder comprising a mixture of curable plastic resin and abrasive particles having a particle size of 0.1-30 ⁇ m.
  • curable resins are mentioned phenol resin, acrylic resins, melamine resin and urea resin.
  • Diamond is mentioned as one among several other examples of plausible abrasive particles.
  • the pad disclosed therein is suitable for treatment of marble floor surfaces, and only in combination with crystallization chemicals, which means that treatment must be made in the presence of liquid containing a salt-forming acid.
  • the pad in EP-B-0 562 919 is also provided by passing a non-woven pad through a nip between two squeeze rolls, one of which being partially immersed in a binder/abrasive particles mixture, such that the binder and abrasive particles, via the surface of the cylinder is distributed in the pad.
  • the method described in EP-B-0 562 919 actually constitutes a vitrification method, used with a view to improving the stain resistance and durability of a marble floor.
  • This method is not suitable for daily maintenance purposes, since it involves use of special crystallization chemicals, including acids, which are to react with calcium present in the floor surface to form insoluble calcium salts.
  • Such a method is typically used once in connection with the initial preparation of the polished marble floor, and thereafter at intervals of 6-12 months.
  • the method described in EP-B-0 562 919 is thus too complicated for being used on a daily basis.
  • Pads of the type referred to in EP-B-0 562 919 are sold by 3M® under the designations “3MTM 5200 Brown Stone Renew Pad” and “3MTM 4000 Grey Stone Polish Pad”, and are used for treating marble in the presence of crystallization chemicals and at relatively low speeds (below 250 rpm).
  • WO03/075734 discloses a disc-shaped device for cleaning purposes, comprising a nylon scouring material, which is arranged on a rigid disc, whereby grinding elements containing industrial diamonds are placed in recesses in the active scouring surface.
  • a disadvantage with the device disclosed in WO03/07534 is that it does not eliminate the risk of debris getting stuck in or near the grinding elements.
  • Yet another disadvantage is that this tool is complex and therefore more prone to breaking and more difficult and expensive to manufacture.
  • the method should be simple to use, e.g. by persons who do not have specialist training in floor surface preparation, and the method should be usable with conventional floor surfacing equipment, e.g. burnishing machines, etc.
  • the tools should be easy to manufacture, not too expensive and durable.
  • An additional object is to provide a method of polishing, cleaning or otherwise maintaining hard, smooth and preferably glossy surfaces, in particular floor surfaces, with an eliminated or reduced need for surface-improving or cleaning chemicals.
  • the invention is based on the idea that abrasive particles in the form of diamond particles provide a polishing effect which is vastly superior to that achievable with those abrasive particles used in the examples shown in e.g. EP-B-0 562 919, and that this polishing effect is so superior as to eliminate the need for crystallization chemicals and other surface-improving agents.
  • a method for maintaining a hard, smooth surface comprising a material selected from a group consisting of wood, polymer material, lacquer and linoleum, the method comprising treatment of the surface with a flexible pad, in the presence of abrasive particles, bonded to the pad, on a contact surface between the pad and the hard surface.
  • the abrasive particles comprise diamond particles.
  • the treatment is performed using a pad comprising an open, lofty, three dimensional non-woven web of fibers.
  • the combination of a flexible pad and diamond particles provides compensation for unevenness in the surface, and distributes the pressure applied to the pad evenly. Also, this combination, through the flexibility of the pad, considerably reduces the risk of the diamonds scratching the surface.
  • diamond particles as abrasive particles when polishing hard, smooth surfaces provides an effect equal to or better than use of conventional abrasive particles, both in wet and dry conditions.
  • the use of diamonds enables the surface-improving agent to be abolished, thereby eliminating its handling.
  • the treatment may be performed substantially in the absence of liquid on the contact surface, i.e. under substantially dry conditions; or in the presence of water on the contact surface, i.e. under wet conditions.
  • the treatment may be performed in the presence of water and a cleaning agent on the contact surface, thereby making it combine excellently with the daily maintenance/cleaning operations.
  • the abrasive particles are bonded to the pad by means of a secondary binder.
  • the abrasive particles may be bonded to the pad only in the vicinity of the contact surface. This is advantageous, since the abrasive particles present in the parts of the pad that are not in contact with the hard surface do not fulfill any function and therefore can be seen as a waste.
  • the treatment may be performed using a pad having diamond particles of an average diameter of 0.1 to 30 ⁇ m, preferably between 0.1 and 15 ⁇ m and most preferably between 2 and 15 ⁇ m.
  • the treatment may be performed using a pad having diamond particles comprising at least one of natural diamond particles, industrial diamond particles and coated diamond particles.
  • the pad may have a density of less than 40 kg/m 3 , preferably 20-35 kg/m 3 .
  • the pad comprises a relatively large amount of voids, into which dust, debris and particles may migrate during the treatment.
  • dust is to a large extent contained in the pad rather than being distributed in the area where the treatment is taking place, eliminating the need for additional dust collecting equipment.
  • debris is to migrate into the pad, the risk for scratching of the surface is reduced.
  • the hard, smooth surface may be a floor surface.
  • the pad while in contact with the hard surface, may be caused to move in relation to the hard surface.
  • the pad while in contact with the hard surface, may be caused to rotate at a rotational speed of 50-3000 rpm, preferably of 100-1500 rpm.
  • the surface may comprise a polymer material, such as polyvinyl and the treatment may be performed using a pad having diamond particles of an average diameter of between 0.1 and 15 ⁇ m and most preferably between 3 and 12 ⁇ m.
  • the surface comprises linoleum
  • the treatment is performed using a pad having diamond particles of an average diameter of between 0.1 and 15 ⁇ m, preferably between 3 and 12 ⁇ m and most preferably between 3 and 6 ⁇ m.
  • the treatment is performed using a pad having diamond particles of an average diameter of between 0.1 and 15 ⁇ m, preferably between 3 and 12 ⁇ m and most preferably between 3 and 6 ⁇ m.
  • the hard, smooth surface may have a hardness less than about 3 mohs, preferably less than about 2 mohs and most preferably less than about 1 moh.
  • the treatment may be performed in the absence of an effective amount of surface-improving agents on the contact surface.
  • surface-improving agents is understood to include substances that are added when treating the surface to interact with the surface to render the surface more glossy.
  • surface-improving agents can be mentioned, waxes, oils, resins, varnish and similar products. Soap, detergents and similar products that are added for cleaning purposes are not considered “surface-improving agents”.
  • the term “effective amount” is understood as an amount that is sufficient to achieve a measurable gloss improvement as compared to the same treatment using a liquid containing no surface-improving agent at all.
  • an effective amount may vary in relation to at what interval the treatment is being performed. Hence, for an ad-hoc treatment, i.e. a single occasion, a much higher amount may be needed to achieve a surface-improving effect, than if the treatment was performed with an interval of one or a few days, or even a week. The amount may need to be adjusted to apply to the respective type of surface-improving agent chosen and to the type of surface that is being treated.
  • a method for maintaining a hard, smooth surface comprising a material selected from a group consisting of a gelcoat, glass and automotive enamel, the method comprising treatment of the surface with a flexible pad, in the presence of abrasive particles, bonded to the pad, on a contact surface between the pad and the hard surface.
  • the abrasive particles comprises diamond particles.
  • the treatment is performed in the absence of an effective amount of surface-improving agents on the contact surface, and the treatment is performed using a pad comprising an open, lofty, three dimensional non-woven web of fibers.
  • a method for treating or maintaining a hard surface comprising a stone or stone-like material comprising treatment of the surface with a flexible pad, in the presence of abrasive particles, bonded to the pad, on a contact surface between the pad and the hard surface, wherein the abrasive particles comprise diamond particles, and the treatment is performed in the absence of an effective amount of crystallization agent on the contact surface.
  • diamond is understood to include natural diamond as well as synthetic diamond, and diamond particles being coated with any suitable coating, e.g. silver.
  • the term “effective amount” is understood as an amount that is sufficient to achieve a measurable gloss improvement as compared to the same treatment using a liquid containing no crystallization agent at all.
  • Amounts known to be effective are about 1-2 liters of crystallization agent (comprising 2-30% by weight of e.g. magnesium hexafluorosilicate) per 50 m 2 of floor surface for a single treatment operation.
  • amounts known to be effective on an ad-hoc basis range from about 0.4 g of magnesium hexafluorosilicate per m 2 floor surface.
  • diluted crystallization agent e.g. at a ratio of 1:100 is also known to be effective when used repeatedly, e.g. in connection with daily or weekly maintenance.
  • amounts known to be effective for maintenance on a regular basis range from about 0.004 g of magnesium hexafluorosilicate per m 2 floor surface. It is understood that there are other types of crystallization agents, e.g. zinc hexafluorosilicate, hydrofluoric acid and oxalic acid. The values given above may thus need to be adjusted to apply to the respective type of crystallization agent chosen.
  • the combination of a flexible pad and diamond particles provides compensation for unevenness in the surface, and distributes the pressure applied to the pad evenly. Also, this combination, through the flexibility of the pad, considerably reduces the risk of the diamonds scratching the surface.
  • diamond particles as abrasive particles when polishing hard stone surfaces provides an effect equal to or better than use of conventional abrasive particles, both in wet and dry conditions.
  • the use of diamonds enables the crystallization agent to be abolished, thereby eliminating its handling.
  • the treatment may be performed substantially in the absence of liquid on the contact surface, i.e. during substantially dry conditions; or in the presence of water on the contact surface, i.e. during wet conditions.
  • the treatment may be performed in the presence of water and a cleaning agent on the contact surface, thereby making it combine excellently with the daily maintenance/cleaning operations.
  • the abrasive particles are bonded to the pad by means of a secondary binder.
  • the abrasive particles may be bonded to the pad only in the vicinity of the contact surface. This is advantageous, since the abrasive particles present in the parts of the pad that are not in contact with the hard surface do not fulfill any function and therefore can be seen as a waste.
  • the abrasive particles may have an average diameter of 0.1 to 30 ⁇ m, preferably between 0.1 and 15 ⁇ m and most preferably between 10 and 15 ⁇ m.
  • the abrasive particles may comprise at least one of natural diamond particles, industrial diamond particles and coated diamond particles.
  • the treatment may be performed using a pad having diamond particles of an average diameter of 0.1 to 30 ⁇ m, preferably between 0.1 and 15 ⁇ m and most preferably between 5 and 15 ⁇ m.
  • the pad that is used comprises an open, lofty, three dimensional non-woven web of fibers.
  • Such webs are available at a relatively low cost and in standard sized adapted for the existing surfacing machines.
  • the pad may have a density of less than 40 kg/m 3 , preferably 20-35 kg/m 3 .
  • the pad comprises a relatively large amount of voids, into which dust, debris and particles may migrate during the treatment.
  • dust is to a large extent contained in the pad rather than being distributed in the area where the treatment is taking place, eliminating the need for additional dust collecting equipment.
  • debris is to migrate into the pad, the risk for scratching of the surface is reduced.
  • the method is particularly suitable for use on a floor surface.
  • the method is particularly applicable where the surface is a stone or stone-like material having a hardness of about 5 moh or more, preferably 6-7 moh.
  • examples of such surfaces are concrete, terrazzo, granite etc.
  • the pad while in contact with the hard surface, may be caused to rotate at a rotational speed of 50-3000 rpm, preferably of 100-1500 rpm.
  • the treatment may be performed on a substantially regular basis, such as daily, weekly or monthly.
  • a tool for treating a hard surface comprising a flexible pad having an active treatment surface presenting abrasive particles bonded to the pad.
  • the pad presents a first portion wherein said abrasive particles are present in a first concentration, and a second portion having a second, lower concentration of said abrasive particles, said abrasive particles comprising diamond particles.
  • the second portion is substantially free from diamond particles.
  • pads according to this disclosure can be manufactured at a lower cost.
  • the tool may be used for any hard surface, such as surfaces of wood, laminate, marble, granite, concrete, terrazzo, etc.
  • the tool is particularly effective for hard stone or stone-like surfaces, such as granite, concrete, terrazzo, etc.
  • the pad consists of a disc-shaped body having a thickness and a first surface, wherein said abrasive particles are present on said first surface and down to a depth from said first surface, which depth is less than said thickness, such that said first portion is at said first surface and said second portion is at a second surface, opposite said first surface.
  • the pad consists of a disc-shaped body having a thickness and a first surface, wherein said abrasive particles are present over less than the entire first surface, such that said first and second portions are situated adjacent each other at said first surface.
  • This second embodiment facilitates migration of dust and debris into the pad.
  • the pad comprises an open, lofty, three dimensional non-woven web, including a plurality of fibers, which are adhered to each other at their points of mutual contact.
  • the abrasive particles may be bonded to the fibers of the pad by a secondary binder. Hence, the bonding of the fibers of the pad does not in any way need to be negatively affected by the fact that the abrasive particles are only present at the contact surface.
  • the secondary binder may be selected from a group consisting of phenol resin, melamine resin, urea resin and epoxy resin.
  • the secondary binder forms a plurality of distinct droplets having a maximum diameter which is smaller than an average length between two points of mutual contact of a fiber.
  • the fibers are not entirely coated by the binder resin, facilitating further the migration of dust and debris into the pad.
  • the abrasive particles may comprise diamond particles having an average diameter of 0.1 to 30 ⁇ m, preferably between 0.1 and 15 ⁇ m and most preferably between 5 and 15 ⁇ m.
  • the pad may further comprise second abrasive particles selected from a group consisting of graphite, tin oxide, silicon carbide and aluminum oxide.
  • the pad is preferably provided in the shape of a circular disc having a diameter between 30 and 100 cm and an uncompressed thickness between 1 and 5 cm.
  • a method for manufacturing a pad for treating a hard surface comprises: providing a pad, and applying, on a first surface of the pad, a mixture of a binder and abrasive particles including diamond, such that said pad presents a first portion wherein said abrasive particles are present in a first concentration and a second portion, having a second, lower concentration of said abrasive particles.
  • the second portion is substantially free from said abrasive particles.
  • the abrasive particles may be provided to the first surface by spraying, rolling or dipping.
  • FIGS. 1 a - 1 b show a pad according to a first embodiment.
  • FIGS. 2 a - 2 b show a pad according to a second embodiment.
  • FIGS. 3 a - 3 b show enlarged photographs of a pad according to the present disclosure, before and after the binder and abrasive particles have been applied.
  • FIGS. 4 a - 4 b show a diagram of a pad according to the first embodiment, and an enlargement of a portion of the pad.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a floor surfacing machine on which a pad according to the disclosure is mounted.
  • the description will first focus on a tool suitable for use in the method for maintenance of hard surfaces, subsequently on the method for manufacturing the tool, and finally on the use of the tool for maintenance of a hard surface.
  • a pad 1 made up from an open, lofty three dimensional non-woven web of fibers 2 .
  • a first surface of the pad 1 has a portion P 1 presenting abrasive particles bonded to the web by means of a secondary binder, i.e. a binder having as a main purpose to bond fibers to the web.
  • the pad 1 is circular in shape.
  • FIG. 1 b a cross section along the line S 1 -S 2 in FIG. 1 a is shown.
  • the portion P 1 presenting the abrasive particles is present at the first surface A and to a depth D, which is less than the thickness T of the pad 1 .
  • the second surface B there is a portion P 2 , which is substantially free from the abrasive particles and the secondary binder.
  • portions it is to be understood as a portions of the macrostructure of the pad 1 and not portions of the individual fibers.
  • FIGS. 2 a and 2 b there is shown a similar pad 1 , the difference being that there is a portion P 2 ′ also at the first surface A, which portion P 2 ′ is substantially free from the abrasive particles and the secondary binder.
  • the abrasive particles are present throughout the secondary binder, and the fibers are bonded to each other by a primary binder and/or by being melt-bonded.
  • FIG. 3 a is a microscope photograph showing the pad prior to application of the polymer resin/abrasive particles. From FIG. 3 a , it can be seen that the fibers constituting the pad are held together at their points 10 of mutual contact by a primary polymer resin.
  • the pad is flexible and resilient and comprises polyester and nylon fibers.
  • a homogenous polymer resin mixture was prepared, consisting of 200 g PA resin 52-68 phenol resin (available from Perstorp AB, Perstorp, Sweden), 100 g of T-R ⁇ D® ethanol (available from Alfort & Cronholm AB, Bromma, Sweden) and 20 g of LANDS LS600F 4-8 ⁇ m diamond particles (available from Lands Superabrasives, Co., New York, N.Y., USA).
  • PTS 65% p-toluene sulfonic acid
  • the resin mixture was sprayed onto a first one A of the surfaces of the polishing pad, using a standard-type compressed air spray gun (normally used for spraying paint).
  • the pad with the uncured resin thereafter weighed 173 grams. Subsequently, the pad was placed in a hot air oven at approximately 120° C. for approximately 20 minutes.
  • FIG. 3 b is a microscope photograph. Globules or droplets 11 of the resin/particle mixture are formed along each fiber, also between the fibers' points of mutual contact. The droplets are so distributed that the fibers to which they are adhered are not entirely covered. A more clear illustration of this is found in FIGS. 4 a - 4 b , which show a pad as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 a - 1 b , and an enlargement of a portion of that pad ( FIG. 4 b ), wherein droplets 11 of binder/particle mixture are attached to the fibers.
  • the gloss value in the tables below constitute the average value for each area.
  • High gloss is rated 80-90°.
  • Semi gloss is rated 50-75°. Satin is rated 30-45°.
  • Rubbed effect is rated 20-25°.
  • Flat sheen is rated 5-15°.
  • each surface portion was first treated with the brown pad and subsequently with the gray pad.
  • the pad according to the present disclosure provides a noticeable improvement as compared with the prior art.
  • the improvement is particularly noticeable during dry conditions and on concrete.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a floor surfacing machine 20 on which a pad 1 according to the present disclosure is mounted so as to define a contact surface 9 with the hard surface 8 , which in this example is a floor surface.
  • the pad 1 is mounted on a driven, rotatable carrier plate 4 , which is typically journalled in bearings and thus rotatable relative to a machine body 5 , on which a motor unit 6 is arranged.
  • the machine has a handle 7 , and is thus adapted for being held/pushed/pulled by a walking operator.
  • the floor surfacing machine 20 may be e.g. a ridable vehicle fitted with a carrier plate 4 that is adapted for receiving the pad 1 .
  • the pad 1 and method described above can be used for everyday cleaning/maintenance of polished hard surfaces, such as stone, concrete or terrazzo floor surfaces using a floor surfacing machine such as a scrubber/dryer combination machine, e.g. the Nilfisk CR1300; a single disc floor maintenance machines (low speed or high speed), e.g. the Nilfisk 510B or 545; a burnisher, e.g. the Nilfisk SDH5120, BHS5120 or BHS7014, all of which are available from Nilfisk-Advance, Sweden.
  • a scrubber/dryer combination machine e.g. the Nilfisk CR1300
  • a single disc floor maintenance machines low speed or high speed
  • a burnisher e.g. the Nilfisk SDH5120, BHS5120 or BHS7014, all of which are available from Nilfisk-Advance, Sweden.
  • the treatment of the floor surface is typically performed by causing the pad, when in contact with the floor surface, to rotate in a plane parallel with the floor surface.
  • Typical rotational speeds are from 50 rpm to 3000 rpm. However, lower or higher rotational speeds are not excluded.
  • a first embodiment of the pad according to the present disclosure comprises an open, lofty, three dimensional non-woven web, including a plurality of fibers, which are adhered to each other at their points of mutual contact by means of a primary binder, and in which abrasive particles are mixed with a secondary binder and applied only to a first surface of the pad, such that the pad is only partially impregnated by the binder/particle mixture.
  • the fibers may be melt-bonded to each other.
  • binder/particle mixture is only applied to parts of said first surface. This can be achieved by masking those parts of the surface to which the binder/particle mixture should not be applied.
  • the pad is entirely impregnated with the binder/particle mixture, e.g. by using such squeeze rollers as are described in EP-B-0 562 919.
  • a relatively thin impregnated woven or non-woven pad is attached to a thicker carrier pad in order to provide the flexibility.
  • a substantially two-dimensional woven or non-woven web is attached to a thicker carrier pad.
  • a three dimensionally woven or knitted pad may be used, whereby the binder/particle mixture is applied as described above.
  • the abrasive particles are present in the material of the pad.
  • the pad is a non-woven fiber pad substantially as described above, with the diamond particles included in the fiber material.
  • the pad is a polymer foam pad with the diamond particles included in the foamed polymer material.
  • the pad is a polymer foam pad, to a surface of which a binder/particle mixture is applied as described above.
  • the present disclosure is not limited to the use of phenol resin.
  • suitable resins are melamine, urea, epoxy and polyester resins.
  • the hardener may be selected from any hardener suitable for the type of resin selected. Also it is possible not to include the hardener, e.g. by allowing the pad to cure at a higher temperature and/or for a longer period of time.
  • the solvent (ethanol was used in the example) is provided merely to reduce the viscosity of the mixture and thereby to facilitate spraying thereof. Any suitable solvent may be used, and the solvent may also be excluded, provided that the method of application so allows.
  • the abrasive particles preferably include diamond.
  • floor treatment pads may be produced according to the principles set forth above using other types of abrasive particles, or combinations thereof, as well, e.g. those mentioned in EP-B-0 562 919.
  • silver coated diamond particles have proven to provide good results as well.
  • the diamond particles may be combined with other types of abrasive particles.
  • the pad 1 having secondary binder and abrasive particles as described above may be attached to a disc or plate having an arbitrary connector for being connected to a carrier plate of the surfacing machine, or that the pad may be directly connectable to the surfacing machine by means of a Velcro-type hook arrangement provided on the carrier plate, the hooks of which engage the fibers of the pad 1 .
  • the maintenance tool may be composed of the pad with the primary binder, the secondary binder and the abrasive particles, possibly with the addition of dyes or printed areas providing information on the type of pad, manufacturer, trademark etc.
  • the pad may be provided with a backing layer.
  • the pad disclosed herein may be used for grinding and/or polishing wood surfaces, such as wood floor surfaces, deck surfaces (on e.g. patios or boats), wall surfaces, interior moldings, doors, baseboards etc.
  • the 3M® red pad provides a very matt surface, while the white pad provides a matt surface, and completely removes the polished surface.
  • the yellow pad provides a matt finish, while removing the polished surface.
  • the green pad provides a slightly more shiny finish as compared with the yellow pad. It was noticed that the white, yellow and green pads provided a very clean floor. It was also noted that dry polishing of the flooring using the white, yellow or green pads subsequent to the wet polishing, provided gloss values similar to those of Table 10.
  • the pad may be used for grinding and/or polishing linoleum and plastic floors, e.g. floors having a surface comprising vinyl, polyurethane, epoxy, acrylic or other plastic material.
  • the pad is suitable for dry polishing of such surfaces.
  • the pads can be used for cleaning/polishing lacquered surfaces as well.
  • Using the orange pad provides an additional gloss increase, regardless of whether it is performed on a surface having an initial gloss value of 40 or of 47-50.
  • the pad disclosed herein may be used for grinding and/or polishing lacquered surfaces, e.g. lacquered wood surfaces, such as wood parquet floor and other lacquered surfaces (on e.g. patios or boats), wall surfaces, interior moldings, doors, baseboards etc.
  • lacquered surfaces e.g. lacquered wood surfaces, such as wood parquet floor and other lacquered surfaces (on e.g. patios or boats), wall surfaces, interior moldings, doors, baseboards etc.
  • the pad may be used for polishing polymer surfaces, e.g. so-called “gelcoat” surfaces, that are found on fiber-reinforced plastic structures, such as boats etc., and which typically comprise resin and optionally pigments.
  • the pad may be used for grinding and/or polishing glass surfaces, such as e.g. automobile windows/windscreens, in order to remove small scratches etc.
  • the pad may be used for grinding and/or polishing automobile bodies, and even for polishing painted surfaces on automobile bodies, i.e. automotive enamel.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Cleaning Implements For Floors, Carpets, Furniture, Walls, And The Like (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Road Repair (AREA)
US12/976,558 2005-03-15 2010-12-22 Methods and tool for maintenance of hard surfaces, and a method for manufacturing such a tool Abandoned US20110092136A1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/976,558 US20110092136A1 (en) 2005-03-15 2010-12-22 Methods and tool for maintenance of hard surfaces, and a method for manufacturing such a tool
US13/101,224 US20110207383A1 (en) 2005-03-15 2011-05-05 Methods and tool for maintenance of hard surfaces, and a method for manufacturing such a tool
US15/407,694 US20170120411A1 (en) 2005-03-15 2017-01-17 Methods and tool for maintenance of hard surfaces, and a method for manufacturing such a tool
US15/707,262 US20180001433A1 (en) 2005-03-15 2017-09-18 Methods and tool for maintenance of hard surfaces, and a method for manufacturing such a tool
US16/102,299 US11065733B2 (en) 2005-03-15 2018-08-13 Methods and tool for maintenance of hard surfaces, and a method for manufacturing such a tool
US17/173,726 US20210162557A1 (en) 2005-03-15 2021-02-11 Methods and tool for maintenance of hard surfaces, and a method for manufacturing such a tool

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

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US11/079,081 US10065283B2 (en) 2005-03-15 2005-03-15 Method and tool for maintenance of hard surfaces, and a method for manufacturing such a tool
EP05005570A EP1702714B1 (en) 2005-03-15 2005-03-15 Method for maintenance of hard surfaces
EP05005570.6 2005-03-15
PCT/EP2005/012360 WO2006097141A1 (en) 2005-03-15 2005-11-16 Methods and tool for maintenance of hard surfaces, and a method for manufacturing such a tool
US88654609A 2009-02-18 2009-02-18
US12/976,558 US20110092136A1 (en) 2005-03-15 2010-12-22 Methods and tool for maintenance of hard surfaces, and a method for manufacturing such a tool

Related Parent Applications (3)

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US11/886,546 Continuation US20090215362A1 (en) 2005-03-15 2005-11-16 Methods and Tool for Maintenance of Hard Surfaces, and a Method for Manufacturing Such a Tool
PCT/EP2005/012360 Continuation WO2006097141A1 (en) 2005-03-15 2005-11-16 Methods and tool for maintenance of hard surfaces, and a method for manufacturing such a tool
US88654609A Continuation 2005-03-15 2009-02-18

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US13/101,224 Abandoned US20110207383A1 (en) 2005-03-15 2011-05-05 Methods and tool for maintenance of hard surfaces, and a method for manufacturing such a tool
US15/407,694 Abandoned US20170120411A1 (en) 2005-03-15 2017-01-17 Methods and tool for maintenance of hard surfaces, and a method for manufacturing such a tool
US15/707,262 Abandoned US20180001433A1 (en) 2005-03-15 2017-09-18 Methods and tool for maintenance of hard surfaces, and a method for manufacturing such a tool
US16/102,299 Active US11065733B2 (en) 2005-03-15 2018-08-13 Methods and tool for maintenance of hard surfaces, and a method for manufacturing such a tool
US17/173,726 Abandoned US20210162557A1 (en) 2005-03-15 2021-02-11 Methods and tool for maintenance of hard surfaces, and a method for manufacturing such a tool

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US15/407,694 Abandoned US20170120411A1 (en) 2005-03-15 2017-01-17 Methods and tool for maintenance of hard surfaces, and a method for manufacturing such a tool
US15/707,262 Abandoned US20180001433A1 (en) 2005-03-15 2017-09-18 Methods and tool for maintenance of hard surfaces, and a method for manufacturing such a tool
US16/102,299 Active US11065733B2 (en) 2005-03-15 2018-08-13 Methods and tool for maintenance of hard surfaces, and a method for manufacturing such a tool
US17/173,726 Abandoned US20210162557A1 (en) 2005-03-15 2021-02-11 Methods and tool for maintenance of hard surfaces, and a method for manufacturing such a tool

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KR (3) KR101028775B1 (es)
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US10343260B2 (en) * 2014-02-14 2019-07-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Abrasive article and method of using the same
US10667665B2 (en) 2015-09-24 2020-06-02 Husqvarna Ab Method of using polishing or grinding pad assembly
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USD927952S1 (en) 2017-08-30 2021-08-17 Husqvarna Ab Polishing or grinding pad assembly with abrasive disk, spacer, reinforcement and pad
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