US20100193155A1 - Liquid circulation heating system - Google Patents

Liquid circulation heating system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20100193155A1
US20100193155A1 US12/693,688 US69368810A US2010193155A1 US 20100193155 A1 US20100193155 A1 US 20100193155A1 US 69368810 A US69368810 A US 69368810A US 2010193155 A1 US2010193155 A1 US 2010193155A1
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Prior art keywords
liquid
refrigerant
radiator
heat
heating system
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Abandoned
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US12/693,688
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English (en)
Inventor
Kazuo Nakatani
Yasuhiko Isayama
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Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
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Panasonic Corp
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Assigned to PANASONIC CORPORATION reassignment PANASONIC CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ISAYAMA, YASUHIKO, NAKATANI, KAZUO
Publication of US20100193155A1 publication Critical patent/US20100193155A1/en
Assigned to PANASONIC INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT CO., LTD. reassignment PANASONIC INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PANASONIC CORPORATION
Assigned to PANASONIC INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT CO., LTD. reassignment PANASONIC INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT CO., LTD. CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE ERRONEOUSLY FILED APPLICATION NUMBERS 13/384239, 13/498734, 14/116681 AND 14/301144 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 034194 FRAME 0143. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT. Assignors: PANASONIC CORPORATION
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
    • F24D11/0214—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/006—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant containing more than one component
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
    • C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/22—All components of a mixture being fluoro compounds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • JP 2008-39306 A proposes a liquid circulation heating system for producing hot water by a heat pump and storing the produced hot water in a hot water storage tank.
  • the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank is fed to, for example, a heating radiator placed indoors to radiate its heat, and then returned to the hot water storage tank.
  • the heat pump has a heat pump circuit for circulating a refrigerant.
  • the heat pump circuit includes, for example, a compressor, a radiator, an expansion valve, and an evaporator, which are connected by pipes. Heat is exchanged between a refrigerant and water in the radiator so as to heat the water, and thereby hot water is produced.
  • a refrigerant having a low global warming potential (hereinafter referred to as a “GWP”) as a refrigerant to be filled in the heat pump circuit.
  • GWP global warming potential
  • HFO-1234yf 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
  • JP 2007-315663 A discloses a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which a refrigerant containing HFO-1234yf and trifluoroiodomethane (CF 3 I) is used.
  • HFO-1234yf is, however, not suitable for use in heat pumps because of its low heating capability as a heating refrigerant, although it has a low GWP.
  • CF 3 I does not act as a refrigerant. Therefore, in JP 2007-315663 A, CF 3 I presumably is added to HFO-1234yf in order to stabilize HFO-1234yf.
  • the present invention provides a liquid circulation heating system for performing air-heating by heating a liquid to produce a heated liquid and releasing heat of the heated liquid from a heating radiator.
  • This system includes a heat pump circuit for circulating a refrigerant to heat the liquid, and the refrigerant contains tetrafluoropropene and difluoromethane as main components.
  • the present invention makes it possible to obtain a liquid circulation heating system having less impact on global warming.
  • FIG. 2 is a Mollier diagram of a heat pump.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing a relationship between the content of difluoromethane in a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1234yf and difluoromethane and the ratio of the heating capacity of a heat pump when using the mixed refrigerant with respect to that when using a HFO-1234yf refrigerant, as well as a relationship between the content of difluoromethane and the GWP of the mixed refrigerant.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of a liquid circulation heating system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of a heat pump of a modification.
  • FIG. 1 shows a liquid circulation heating system 1 A according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • This liquid circulation heating system 1 A heats a liquid to produce a heated liquid, releases heat of the heated liquid from a heating radiator 3 , and thereby performs air-heating, for example, in a room.
  • the liquid circulation heating system 1 A includes the heating radiator 3 , a heat pump 2 for producing the heated liquid, and an overall controller 5 for controlling the entire system.
  • the heating radiator 3 is connected directly to the heat pump 2 by a supply pipe 31 and a recovery pipe 32 to be described later, so that the liquid flows without stopping.
  • a supply pipe 31 and a recovery pipe 32 to be described later, so that the liquid flows without stopping.
  • the liquid for example, an antifreeze liquid containing propylene glycol or the like dissolved in water can be used, but water is preferably used because it is available at low cost and in large quantities. The following description will be made on the assumption that the liquid is water and the heated liquid is hot water.
  • the heat pump 2 has a heat pump circuit 20 for circulating a refrigerant.
  • This heat pump circuit 20 includes a compressor 21 for compressing the refrigerant, a radiator (refrigerant radiator) 22 for radiating heat from the compressed refrigerant, an expansion valve 23 for expanding the refrigerant that has radiated heat, and an evaporator 24 for evaporating the expanded refrigerant. These components 21 to 24 are connected in series by pipes.
  • the heat pump 2 includes a heat pump controller 26 for controlling the compressor 21 and the expansion valve 23 according to an instruction from the overall controller 5 .
  • An expander for recovering power from the expanding refrigerant also can be used instead of the expansion valve 23 .
  • the radiator 22 heat is exchanged between the refrigerant and the water flowing through the radiator 22 so as to heat the water, and thereby hot water is produced.
  • the evaporator 24 heat is exchanged between the refrigerant and air blown by a fan 25 , and thereby the refrigerant absorbs heat.
  • the refrigerant will be described later in detail.
  • the heating radiator 3 is a device for radiating heat from hot water flowing therethrough, and has an inlet for allowing the hot water to flow thereinto, and an outlet for allowing the hot water that has radiated its heat to flow therefrom.
  • a radiator to be placed in a room of a building may be used.
  • a hot water panel to be laid on a floor also may be used.
  • the overall controller 5 includes a microcomputer, a digital signal processor (DSP), or the like, and is connected to the above-mentioned heat pump controller 26 , the hot water temperature sensor 71 , and the pump 61 , respectively.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • the overall controller 5 rotates the pump 61 and sends an operation start signal to the heat pump controller 26 .
  • water is heated in the radiator 22 to produce hot water, and the produced hot water is fed to the heating radiator 3 .
  • the overall controller 5 controls the rotational rate of the pump 61 to regulate the flow rate of the water flowing through the supply pipe 31 so that the temperature of the water detected by the hot water temperature sensor 71 becomes a predetermined temperature (for example, 70° C.).
  • the hot water produced can be used directly for air-heating. Therefore, heat radiation loss is reduced, and as a result, energy conservation can be achieved.
  • the refrigerant used in the present embodiment contains tetrafluoropropene and difluoromethane (R32) as main components.
  • the phrase “ . . . contains tetrafluoropropene and difluoromethane as main components” means that the total content of tetrafluoropropene and difluoromethane is at least 80% by mass and their respective contents are at least 10% by mass.
  • tetrafluoropropene examples include 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze).
  • the heating capability of a refrigerant to be used is high enough to allow the heat pump to achieve a heating capacity Q comparable to that obtained when using a conventional refrigerant under the same conditions, conventional equipment can be used without modification.
  • the content of difluoromethane in the refrigerant preferably is 26 to 34% by mass, and more preferably 28 to 32% by mass.
  • FIG. 3 shows a relationship between the content of difluoromethane in a mixed refrigerant of HFO-1234yf and difluoromethane and the ratio of the heating capacity of a heat pump when using the mixed refrigerant with respect to that when using a HFO-1234yf refrigerant, as well as a relationship between the content of difluoromethane and the GWP of the mixed refrigerant.
  • the content of difluoromethane in the refrigerant preferably is at least 30% by mass.
  • the GWP of the refrigerant is 200 or more.
  • the GWP of difluoromethane itself is 675, which is not so high, but when difluoromethane is added to tetrafluoroethane, the GWP of the resulting mixed refrigerant increases in proportion to the content of difluoromethane. Therefore, from the viewpoint of obtaining a mixed refrigerant having a low GWP, the content of difluoromethane preferably is at most 80% by mass. More preferably, the content of difluoromethane is at most 75% by mass, still more preferably at most 70% by mass, particularly preferably at most 65% by mass, and especially preferably at most 60% by mass.
  • the temperature of the water that flows from the heating radiator 3 presumably does not drop so much.
  • the temperature of the water supplied to the radiator 22 rises.
  • the high pressure of the refrigeration cycle increases, as shown by a dotted line in FIG. 2 .
  • the high pressure of the refrigeration cycle increases to about 5 MPa.
  • the high pressure is calculated by using R134a, which presumably has a heating capability comparable to that of HFO-1234yf.
  • the GWP of the refrigerant is about 310 or less.
  • the refrigerant further may contain pentafluoroethane (R125). Both tetrafluoropropene and difluoromethane are flammable materials. Therefore, the addition of pentafluoroethane having an effect of suppressing flammability to these materials renders a resulting mixed refrigerant flame-retardant.
  • the GWP of pentafluoroethane is 3500, which is a considerably high value
  • the content of pentafluoroethane in the mixed refrigerant preferably is at most 10% by mass. More preferably, the content of pentafluoroethane is at most 7% by mass, and still more preferably at most 5% by mass.
  • pentafluoroethane as a heating refrigerant is only slightly inferior to that of difluoromethane. Therefore, when pentafluoroethane is added, the content of difluoromethane may be reduced by the amount of pentafluoroethane to be added.
  • the above-mentioned refrigerant is filled in the heat pump circuit 20 , together with a refrigerating machine oil.
  • a refrigerating machine oil a synthetic oil containing, as a main component, an oxygen-containing compound selected from polyoxyalkylene glycols, polyvinyl ethers, copolymers of polyvinyl ethers and polyoxyalkylene glycols or monoethers thereof, polyol esters, polycarbonates, or a synthetic oil containing, as a main component, a compound selected from alkylbenzenes and ⁇ -olefines.
  • the liquid circulation heating system 1 B of the second embodiment has the same configuration as the liquid circulation heating system 1 A of the first embodiment, except that the heating radiator 3 and the radiator 22 are connected via the hot water storage tank 8 .
  • refrigerant for the heat pump 2 the same refrigerant as that described in the first embodiment also can be used in the present embodiment, and therefore the description of the refrigerant is not repeated here. The same description also is not repeated in the following embodiment and modifications.
  • the hot water storage tank 8 is a vertically cylindrical closed casing and is filled with water.
  • the lower portion of the hot water storage tank 8 is connected to the radiator 22 by the supply pipe 31 , and the upper portion thereof is connected to the radiator 22 by the recovery pipe 32 .
  • the inlet of the heating radiator 3 is connected to the upper portion of the hot water storage tank 8 by a feed pipe 81 , and the outlet of the heating radiator 3 is connected to the lower portion of the hot water storage tank 8 by a return pipe 82 .
  • a circulation pump 66 is provided in the return pipe 82 , but the circulation pump 66 may be provided in the feed pipe 81 .
  • the circulation pump 66 is connected to the overall controller 5 . When the circulation pump 66 is rotated, the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 8 is fed to the heating radiator 3 through the feed pipe 81 , and the hot water is returned to the hot water storage tank 8 through the return pipe 82 after radiating heat in the heating radiator 3 .
  • the overall controller 5 determines that the amount of hot water remaining in the tank is less than the required amount based on the temperature detected by the hot water temperature sensors 74 , for example, during nighttime hours (for example, from 23:00 to 7:00), it rotates the pump 61 , and sends an operation start signal to the heat pump controller 26 . Thereby, water is heated in the radiator 22 to produce hot water, and the produced hot water is stored in the hot water storage tank 8 .
  • the overall controller 5 also controls the rotational rate of the pump 61 to regulate the flow rate of the water flowing through the supply pipe 31 so that the temperature of the water detected by the hot water temperature sensor 71 becomes a predetermined temperature (for example, 70° C.).
  • the overall controller 5 rotates the circulation pump 66 .
  • the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 8 is fed to the heating radiator 3 , where heat is radiated from the hot water.
  • air-heating is performed.
  • liquid circulation heating system 1 B of the second embodiment described above high-temperature hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 8 can be fed to the heating radiator 3 even during the early stage of heating operation. Therefore, air-heating can be started immediately after the heating switch is turned on.
  • FIG. 6 shows a liquid circulation heating system 1 C according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the same components as those in the first and second embodiments are designated by the same reference numerals and no further description is given.
  • hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 8 can be used directly for hot water supply.
  • the water inlet pipe 91 is connected to the lower portion of the hot water storage tank 8
  • the hot water outlet pipe 93 is connected to the upper portion of the hot water storage tank 8 .
  • a heat exchanger 83 for exchanging heat between the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 8 and a heat transfer liquid (secondary liquid) is provided.
  • the heat exchanger 83 is connected to the heating radiator 3 by the feed pipe 81 and the return pipe 82 .
  • the heat transfer liquid heated in the heat exchanger 83 is fed to the heating radiator 3 through the feed pipe 81 , and the heat transfer liquid is returned to the heat exchanger 83 through the return pipe 82 after radiating heat in the heating radiator 3
  • a heat transfer liquid for example, an antifreeze liquid can be used, but water preferably is used because it is available at low cost and in large quantities.
  • the overall controller 5 performs control in the same manner as in the second embodiment, the description thereof is not repeated here. It should be noted, however, that during the heating operation, the heat transfer liquid that has exchanged heat with the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 8 radiates heat, that is, the heat of the hot water is transferred to the heating radiator 3 by the heat transfer liquid, and thereby air-heating is performed.
  • the temperature in the lower portion of the hot water storage tank 8 can be kept low because of the water supplied from the water inlet pipe 91 . Therefore, the low-temperature water can be supplied to the radiator 22 , and thus the efficiency of the heat pump 2 can be enhanced.
  • a heat pump 2 S as shown in FIG. 7 can be employed.
  • this heat pump 2 A an accumulator 27 is provided between the evaporator 24 and the compressor 21 in the heat pump circuit 20 .
  • an incoming water temperature sensor 72 for detecting the temperature of water (incoming water temperature) to be supplied to the radiator 22 is provided.
  • a gas-liquid two phase refrigerant is fed from the evaporator 24 to the accumulator 27 .
  • This refrigerant is a zeotropic refrigerant mixture of tetrafluoropropene having a relatively high boiling point and difluoromethane having a relatively low boiling point. Therefore, a tetrafluoropropene-rich liquid pool is formed in the bottom of the accumulator 27 .
  • a receiver instead of the accumulator 27 , may be provided between the radiator 22 and the expansion valve 23 .
  • the high pressure of the refrigeration cycle can be reduced using the same control as described above.
US12/693,688 2009-01-30 2010-01-26 Liquid circulation heating system Abandoned US20100193155A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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JP2009-019234 2009-01-30
JP2009019234 2009-01-30
JP2009221135A JP5502410B2 (ja) 2009-01-30 2009-09-25 液体循環式暖房システム
JP2009-221135 2009-09-25

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JP (1) JP5502410B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN101793420B (ja)
AU (1) AU2010200058A1 (ja)

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