US20090143225A1 - Scr catalyst for removal of nitrogen oxides - Google Patents

Scr catalyst for removal of nitrogen oxides Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090143225A1
US20090143225A1 US11/996,151 US99615106A US2009143225A1 US 20090143225 A1 US20090143225 A1 US 20090143225A1 US 99615106 A US99615106 A US 99615106A US 2009143225 A1 US2009143225 A1 US 2009143225A1
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antimony
vanadium
catalysts
amount
nitrogen oxides
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US11/996,151
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Heon-Phil Ha
Soon-Hyo Chung
Young-Joo Oh
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Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology KAIST
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Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology KAIST
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/8628—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/20—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/18—Arsenic, antimony or bismuth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/20—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
    • B01J23/22—Vanadium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
    • B01J23/64—Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/644—Arsenic, antimony or bismuth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207—Transition metals
    • B01D2255/20707—Titanium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207—Transition metals
    • B01D2255/20723—Vanadium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/209—Other metals
    • B01D2255/2098—Antimony

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to catalysts for selective reduction of nitrogen oxides, and more particularly to catalysts for removal of nitrogen oxides that have enhancing effects on the reduction activity of nitrogen oxides at low temperatures and on the sulfur poisoning resistance.
  • Nitrogen oxides are usually produced when fuels are combusted, and are exhausted from moving sources such as a motor vehicle and fixed sources such as a power plant or an incinerator. These nitrogen compounds are identified as the major causes of acid rain and smog formation. Since environmental protection regulations have become stricter recently, more studies are being carried out, in response, in order to reduce nitrogen compounds through catalysts.
  • SCR selective catalytic reduction
  • V 2 O 5 vanadium oxides
  • Ammonia has been known as a most suitable reduction agent for the system.
  • V 2 O 5 /TiO 2 SCR catalyst high catalytic de NOx activity is exhibited at 300 ° C. or higher. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a catalyst which shows high activity at a lower reaction temperature.
  • TiO 2 ) supporters and vanadium (V) are used as active catalytic materials, additional amount of vanadium is added to increase the catalytic activity at 300° C. or lower.
  • SO 3 sulfur trioxide
  • the produced ammonium bisulfate salts are imbedded into the surfaces of the catalysts, thereby interfering with the reduction reaction.
  • formation of sulfur trioxides (SO 3 ) is promoted, thereby accelerating the sulfur poisoning, which eventually shorten the life of the catalysts.
  • catalysts that can improve catalytic activity at low temperatures without promoting the oxidation of sulfur dioxides have been developed.
  • tungsten has been added to vanadium/titania catalysts as a promoter. For example, when tungsten oxides were added, sulfur poisoning resistance at low temperatures could be increased.
  • a conventional art uses a TiO 2 supporter impregnated with vanadium sulfate (VSO 4 ), vanadyl sulfate (VO SO 4 ) and the like, and is reacted at the range of temperatures at 300-520° C.
  • VSO 4 vanadium sulfate
  • VO SO 4 vanadyl sulfate
  • TiO 2 supporter impregnated with active materials such as V 2 O 5 , MoO 3 , WO 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , CuSO 4 , VOSO 4 , SnO 2 , Mn 2 O 3 , Mn 3 O 4 are used.
  • active materials such as V 2 O 5 , MoO 3 , WO 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , CuSO 4 , VOSO 4 , SnO 2 , Mn 2 O 3 , Mn 3 O 4 are used.
  • the present invention provides for catalysts for the reduction of nitrogen oxides that are impregnated in to supporters and contain vanadium as an active material and antimony as a promoter that promote reduction of nitrogen oxides at low temperatures and increase sulfur poisoning resistance.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides for the transition metal oxides supporters, titanium oxides, silicate, zirconia, alumina and the mixture thereof, where vanadium and antimony can be impregnated.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides that the amount of said vanadium impregnated is 1-3 wt. %.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides that the amount of said antimony impregnated is 0.5-7 wt. %.
  • nitrogen oxides can be reduced to harmless nitrogen and water by using a reductant.
  • Catalysts for the reduction of nitrogen oxides are used and each of these catalysts comprise a supporter, an active material and a promoter which reduces sulfur poisoning and enhancing low temperature catalytic activity.
  • titanium oxides titanium oxides, silicate, zirconia, alumina and the mixture thereof can be used.
  • titania TiO 2
  • TiO 2 titania
  • active and promoting materials comprise materials such as vanadium and antimony, respectively.
  • the vanadium includes a compounds (solution) that contains vanadium oxides
  • the antimony (Sb) includes compounds(solution) that contains antimony oxides, antimony chlorides (SbCl 3 ) and the like.
  • vanadium oxide is used as a main catalyst and the antimony oxide is used as an auxiliary catalyst.
  • the present invention uses titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) as a supporter to combine the vanadium (V) and antimony (Sb) to prepare catalysts for the reduction of nitrogen oxides.
  • TiO 2 titanium oxide
  • Sb antimony
  • impregnation method which uses the TiO 2 and precursors containing vanadium and antimony, or other conventional catalyst synthesis methods such as sol gel method can be used.
  • antimony is added to promote the reactivity at low temperatures and the sulfur poisoning resistance.
  • 0.5-6 wt. % of antimony is added.
  • antimony as a promoter, the addition amount of vanadium can be reduced, and thus, the sulfur poisoning resistance can be reduced.
  • 1-3 wt. % of vanadium is added.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing the NO conversions of Example 1 and Reference 1 at different temperatures.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the sulfur poisoning resistance of Example 1 and Reference 1 when ammonia was used as a reductant at 240° C.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the sulfur poisoning resistance of Example 1 and Reference 2 at 230° C.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the NO conversions of Examples 1 to 7 and Reference 1 at different temperatures.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the sulfur poisoning resistance of Examples 1 to 7 with Reference 1.
  • the present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples in order to provide a better understanding of the invention.
  • the present invention is not limited to the examples, and particularly, the substances that compose each layer can be other substances that are within the technical effect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows NO conversion without the presence of antimony according to Reference 1 (standard 1) and one with antimony at different temperatures according to Example 1 (type 1) of the present invention.
  • Reference 1 uses titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) carrier, without antimony added and impregnated with 2 wt. % of vanadium as an active material.
  • Example 1 uses titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) carrier which is impregnated with 2 wt. % of vanadium as an active material and 2 wt. % of antimony oxide as a minor catalyst.
  • the amounts of nitrogen oxides and ammonia used are each 800 ppm, the amount of water is 6%, and the amount of oxygen is 3%.
  • FIG. 2 shows sulfur poisoning resistances of Example 1 (type 1) with antimony added and Reference 1 (standard 1) without antimony added when ammonia was used as a reductant at 240° C.
  • the same results were observed for Reference 1 and Example 1 as is shown in FIG. 1 , and the amount of nitrogen oxides and ammonia used were each 800 ppm. Moreover, the amount of water and oxygen used were 6% and 3%, respectively.
  • Reference 1 (NH 3 ) line and Example 1 (NH 3 ) line each represent the amount of unreacted ammonia
  • Reference 1 (SO 2 ) line and Example 1 (SO 2 ) line each represent the amount of sulfur dioxides.
  • Example 1 in case of a high NO removal rate as in Example 1 (type 1), since most of the ammonia provided is exhausted during the NO removal process, the amount of unreacted ammonia can be decreased, and the amount of emitted sulfur dioxide of is nearly similar to the amount of the provided sulfur dioxide of 500 ppm, it can be inferred that almost no oxidation of sulfur dioxide occurred.
  • Example 1 which added antimony as a minor catalyst, showed changes of the amounts of unreacted ammonia and sulfur dioxide after 16 hours. Thus, not until after 16 hours, it could be determined that the sulfur poisoning occurred. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2 , when antimony was added as a promoting catalyst, the sulfur poisoning resistance was increased.
  • FIG. 3 compares the sulfur poisoning resistance of Example 1 with that of another Reference 2 (standard 2) using another catalyst at 230° C.
  • Example 1 (type 1) is under the same condition as mentioned above, reference 2 represents a common catalyst that is impregnated with 1 wt % of vanadium to a titanium oxide carrier and 10 wt % of tungsten as a promoting catalyst.
  • the injected nitrogen oxides and ammonia amounts are each 200 ppm, and the amount of sulfur dioxide is also 200 ppm. Moreover, the amounts of water and oxygen are 12.3% and 3%, respectively.
  • Example 1 in case of a high removal rate according to Example 1, the increase in the amount of unreacted ammonia at different time periods was smaller than Reference 2 (standard 2), and the decrease amount of sulfur dioxide compared to Reference 2 was also smaller. Accordingly, Example 1 was shown to exhibit a remarkably higher sulfur poisoning resistance than the conventional catalyst of Reference 2.
  • FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 represent sulfur poisoning resistances and the NO conversion of Reference 1 (standard 1) and Examples 1 to 7 (types 1 to 7).
  • Example 1 (type 1) and Reference 1 (standard 1) are same as explained above.
  • Example 2 represents catalysts that were prepared by impregnating a titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) carrier with 2 wt. % of vanadium and 1 wt. % of antimony.
  • Example 3 shows catalysts that were prepared by impregnating a titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) carrier with 2 wt. % of vanadium and 0.5 wt. % of antimony.
  • Example 4 shows catalysts that were prepared by impregnating a titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) carrier with 2 wt. % of vanadium and 3 wt. % of antimony.
  • Example 5 (type 5) shows catalysts that were prepared by impregnating a titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) carrier with 2 wt.
  • Example 6 shows catalysts that were prepared by impregnating a titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) carrier with 2 wt. % of vanadium and 7 wt. % of antimony.
  • Example 7 shows catalysts that were prepared by impregnating a titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) carrier with 2 wt. % of vanadium and 10 wt. % of antimony.
  • the amount of nitrogen oxides and ammonia added are each 800 ppm, 500 ppm for sulfur dioxide, and 6% and 3% for water and oxygen, respectively.
  • the removal activity at low temperatures according to Examples 1 to 6 (types 1 to 6), except for Example 7 (type 7), was shown to be higher than that of Reference 1. Therefore, it was shown that the amount range of antimony that increases the removal activity at low temperature is 0.5 ⁇ 7 wt %. There can be a deviation of the amount range of antimony due to the standard of error.
  • the amount of vanadium added is preferably 2 wt %, however considering the conventional of error of the process, it is preferred to add a range of 1 ⁇ 3 wt %.
  • Examples 1 to 6 (types 1 to 6) showed an increase in the amount of unreacted ammonia and a decrease in the amount of sulfur dioxide with time compared to Reference 1. Accordingly, it can be shown that Examples 1 to 6 all have an increased sulfur poisoning resistance compared to Reference 1. Therefore, the amount range of antimony that increases the sulfur poisoning resistance is 0.5 ⁇ 7 wt %. There can be a deviation of the amount range of antimony due to a conventional of error of the process. Additionally, although a vanadium addition amount is preferably 2 wt %, the range of 1 ⁇ 3 wt % considering the standard of error.

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US11/996,151 2005-07-19 2006-01-10 Scr catalyst for removal of nitrogen oxides Abandoned US20090143225A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR10-2005-0065430 2005-07-19
KR1020050065430A KR100671978B1 (ko) 2005-07-19 2005-07-19 탈질환원촉매
PCT/KR2006/000098 WO2007011101A1 (en) 2005-07-19 2006-01-10 Scr catalyst for removal of nitrogen oxides

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US14/228,909 Abandoned US20140335004A1 (en) 2005-07-19 2014-03-28 Scr catalyst for removal of nitrogen oxides
US15/159,133 Active US9662610B2 (en) 2005-07-19 2016-05-19 SCR catalyst for removal of nitrogen oxides

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EP (1) EP1904227B1 (de)
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US20140100106A1 (en) * 2012-10-04 2014-04-10 Korea Institute Of Science And Technology Catalyst for decomposing nitrogen oxide and preparation method thereof
US9101877B2 (en) 2012-02-13 2015-08-11 Siemens Energy, Inc. Selective catalytic reduction system and process for control of NOx emissions in a sulfur-containing gas stream
US20150224486A1 (en) * 2012-08-17 2015-08-13 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company ZEOLITE PROMOTED V/TiW CATALYSTS
CN105727931A (zh) * 2016-03-17 2016-07-06 辽宁鑫隆科技有限公司 一种低温、无毒scr脱硝催化剂的制备方法
WO2017101449A1 (en) 2015-12-17 2017-06-22 Basf Corporation Selective catalytic reduction (scr) catalyst comprising a composite oxide containing v and sb, preparation process thereof, and use thereof for nitrogen oxides removal
US10092896B2 (en) 2014-04-14 2018-10-09 Doosan Engine Co., Ltd. Catalyst for selective catalytic reduction and preparation method therefor
WO2021021426A1 (en) * 2019-07-31 2021-02-04 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Systems and methods for recovering catalyst performance
US20220055018A1 (en) * 2018-12-14 2022-02-24 Basf Corporation A method for production of vanadium catalysts

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CN102145292A (zh) * 2011-01-26 2011-08-10 山东省科学院能源研究所 生物质气化焦油裂解催化剂的制备方法及应用
KR101616669B1 (ko) * 2015-01-29 2016-04-28 서울대학교산학협력단 질소산화물 환원 촉매 및 그 제조방법
CN107149941B (zh) * 2016-03-03 2020-03-10 许承柱 利用催化废弃物的选择性还原反应的低温脱硝催化剂及其制造方法
CN107349935A (zh) * 2017-08-31 2017-11-17 复旦大学 一种低温脱硝催化剂及其制备方法和应用
EP3482825A1 (de) 2017-11-14 2019-05-15 Umicore Ag & Co. Kg Scr-katalysator
KR102187494B1 (ko) * 2018-07-19 2020-12-08 한국과학기술연구원 질소산화물 환원용 촉매 및 이의 제조방법
KR102068063B1 (ko) * 2018-02-07 2020-02-11 한국과학기술연구원 질소산화물 환원용 촉매 및 이를 이용한 질소산화물 환원 시스템
WO2019156379A1 (ko) * 2018-02-07 2019-08-15 한국과학기술연구원 질소산화물 환원용 촉매 및 이의 제조방법
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KR102161131B1 (ko) 2018-03-26 2020-09-29 경기대학교 산학협력단 안티몬/티타니아 담체 및 그 제조방법, 상기 담체를 이용한 가스상 유해물질 제거를 위한 촉매 및 그 제조방법
KR102089258B1 (ko) * 2018-11-29 2020-03-16 대영씨엔이(주) 이산화질소 전환 촉매 및 그 제조방법
CN111249905A (zh) * 2020-03-23 2020-06-09 安徽锦科环保科技有限公司 一种对城市污泥烧结处理过程中的尾气处理方法
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KR20240122206A (ko) * 2023-02-03 2024-08-12 한국과학기술연구원 바나듐-망간-안티몬-티타니아 촉매, 이의 제조 방법, 이를 포함하는 배열회수보일러, 및 이를 이용한 황연 제거 방법

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US9662610B2 (en) 2017-05-30
WO2007011101A1 (en) 2007-01-25
US20160256822A1 (en) 2016-09-08
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EP1904227A4 (de) 2009-06-24

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