US20070081827A1 - Optical receiver for regeneration of optical signal - Google Patents

Optical receiver for regeneration of optical signal Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070081827A1
US20070081827A1 US11/341,535 US34153506A US2007081827A1 US 20070081827 A1 US20070081827 A1 US 20070081827A1 US 34153506 A US34153506 A US 34153506A US 2007081827 A1 US2007081827 A1 US 2007081827A1
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unit
optical receiver
signal
decision threshold
optical
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Abandoned
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US11/341,535
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English (en)
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Satoshi Ide
Tetsuji Yamabana
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Fujitsu Ltd
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Fujitsu Ltd
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Assigned to FUJITSU LIMITED reassignment FUJITSU LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: YAMABANA, TETSUJI, IDE, SATOSHI
Publication of US20070081827A1 publication Critical patent/US20070081827A1/en
Priority to US12/475,833 priority Critical patent/US7809286B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical receiver that regenerates data from an optical signal based on an optimal decision threshold that is set dynamically according to the receiving power of the optical signal.
  • an ultra-broadband photonic network employing a dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technology has been developed.
  • An ultra-long-haul data communication can be performed with DWDM transmission, which uses an optical fiber including several tens of wavelength channels and a plurality of optical amplifiers connected in cascade on the optical fiber.
  • OSNR optical signal to noise ratio
  • data error due to the optical noise has become a bottleneck for DWDM transmission because it cannot be prevented by improving the sensitivity of an optical receiver. Therefore, to overcome this optical noise bottleneck an improvement of the error correction technology performed in the optical receiver is strongly needed.
  • the optical receiver corrects the data error using forward error correction (FEC)
  • FEC forward error correction
  • BER bit error rate
  • the receiving characteristics of the optical receiver can be improved by optimizing its decision threshold that varies depending on the OSNR or a state of chromatic dispersion due to long-haul transmission. Therefore, the performance of the optical receiver can be improved by performing a feedback control based on the BER and by adjusting the decision threshold to the optimal level.
  • FIG. 17 is a block diagram of a conventional optical receiver for DWDM transmission.
  • an optical receiver 1 includes a photodiode (PD) 2 , a trans-impedance amplifier (TIA) functioning as a preamplifier 3 , a variable-gain amplifier 4 , a gain-control amplifier 5 , a clock/data recovery (CDR) 6 , a forward error correction (FEC) unit 7 , a controller 8 , and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 9 .
  • PD photodiode
  • TIA trans-impedance amplifier
  • CDR clock/data recovery
  • FEC forward error correction
  • controller 8 a digital-to-analog converter
  • DAC digital-to-analog converter
  • the PD 2 converts an optical input signal into an electrical signal.
  • the preamplifier 3 , the variable-gain amplifier 4 , and the gain-control amplifier 5 perform reshaping of the electrical signal.
  • the CDR 6 performs regeneration and retiming of the reshaped electrical signal.
  • the FEC 7 , the controller 8 , and the DAC 9 are provided to adjust the decision threshold according to the amplitude of the reshaped electrical signal as shown in FIG. 18 (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H2-288640).
  • the optical receiver 1 needs large circuit size and its control becomes complicated because it has to perform variable-gain control to keep constant reshaped electrical signal. Furthermore, the gain of the preamplifier 3 needs to be small to prevent saturation of amplitude when the input power of optical signal increases, thereby making it difficult to improve the sensitivity of the optical receiver 1 .
  • the optical receiver includes a high-gain limiting amplifier, and a direct current (DC) feedback circuit for controlling the DC level of the positive signal and the negative signal output from the limiting amplifier.
  • the sensitivity of the optical receiver can be improved by increasing the gain of the preamplifier, while reducing the circuit size of the optical receiver.
  • the relation between the decision threshold of optical receiver and a feed-backed threshold control signal from an forward error correction (FEC) unit is not unique, because the condition of signal in the optical receiver greatly differs depending on, for example, the receiving power of the signal.
  • the limiting amplifier performs a complex operation in the DC feedback control. Specifically, as long as the amplitude of an input signal is less than predetermined limiting amplitude, the limiting amplifier performs a linear operation and linearly amplifies the input signal. On the other hand, when the amplitude of the input signal reaches the limiting amplitude, the limiting amplifier performs a limiting operation and extracts a part of the input signal near cross points.
  • the wide dynamic range of the receiving power makes it difficult to set an appropriate decision threshold, using the threshold control signal, for respective input power. As a result, a sufficient error correction cannot be achieved.
  • An optical receiver includes: a converting unit that converts an optical signal into an electrical signal; an amplifying unit that amplifies the electrical signal; a regenerating unit that regenerates the electrical signal amplified by the amplifying unit; a correcting unit that performs correction of an error included in the electrical signal regenerated by the regenerating unit; a monitoring unit that performs monitoring of an photo current flowing through the converting unit; and a control unit that calculates a decision threshold based on a result of the correction and a result of the monitoring.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an optical receiver according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustrating an operation of the optical receiver shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIGS. 3 to 6 are waveform diagrams illustrating the output amplitude of a limiting amplifier shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a decision threshold setting process according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram of an optical receiver according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an optical receiver according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an optical receiver according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram of an optical receiver according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram of an optical receiver according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an optical receiver according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a block diagram of an optical receiver according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a block diagram of an optical receiver according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a flowchart of a decision threshold setting process according to the ninth embodiment.
  • FIG. 17 is a block diagram of a conventional optical receiver.
  • FIG. 18 is a waveform diagram illustrating the output amplitude of the conventional optical receiver.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an optical receiver according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • An optical receiver 10 includes a power monitor 11 , a photodiode (PD) 12 , a preamplifier 13 , a limiting amplifier 14 , a direct current (DC) feedback amplifier 15 , a clock/data recovery (CDR) 16 , a forward error correction (FEC) unit 17 , and a controller 18 .
  • the PD 12 converts an optical input signal into an electrical signal.
  • the preamplifier 13 and the limiting amplifier 14 amplify the electrical signal.
  • An output signal from the preamplifier 13 is input to one of the input terminals of the limiting amplifier 14 .
  • the DC feedback amplifier 15 feedbacks an output signal from the limiting amplifier 14 back to the other input terminal of the limiting amplifier 14 .
  • the DC feedback amplifier 15 controls the DC level of the positive signal and the negative signal output from the limiting amplifier 14 .
  • the CDR 16 regenerates and retimes the output signal from the limiting amplifier 14 .
  • the FEC 17 corrects data error included in the regenerated signal.
  • the power monitor 11 monitors a photo current flowing through the PD 12 .
  • the controller 18 calculates an optimal decision threshold according to the receiving power and the bit error rate. Specifically, the controller 18 calculates the optimal decision threshold based on a monitor signal from the power monitor 11 , which corresponding to the monitored reception power, and a threshold control signal from the FEC 17 , which corresponding to the bit error rate.
  • the calculated decision threshold is converted into an analog signal in the controller 18 , and is set to the DC feedback amplifier 15 .
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustrating an operation of the optical receiver 10 .
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are waveform diagrams illustrating the output amplitude of the limiting amplifier 14 performing the linear operation with the decision threshold being set at 50% and 30%, respectively.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 are waveform diagrams illustrating the output amplitude of the limiting amplifier 14 performing the limiting operation with the decision threshold being set at 50% and 30%, respectively.
  • the above decision thresholds (%) are normalized with respect to the signal amplitude.
  • the limiting amplifier 14 performs the linear operation and the limiting operation.
  • the decision threshold is changed in proportion to the reception power as shown in FIG. 2 because the signal level of the positive signal and the negative signal changes due to the DC feedback control.
  • the signal level does not change but the pulse width of the signal changes according to the rising edge timing and the falling edge timing of the signal. Therefore, as long as the rising and falling timings are stable in the signal, the decision threshold is kept substantially constant in the limiting operation as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the controller 18 calculates an optimal decision threshold based on the above operations of the limiting amplifier 14 .
  • the DC feedback amplifier 15 controls the DC level of the feedback signal to the limiting amplifier 14 based on the decision threshold set by the controller 18 , to control the DC level of the positive signal and the negative signal output from the limiting amplifier 14 .
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a decision threshold setting process performed by the controller 18 .
  • the controller 18 receives the monitor signal indicating the receiving power of an optical signal from the power monitor 11 , and sets an initial value of the decision threshold (step S 1 ). Then, the controller 18 calculates an initial value of the error rate based on the initial value of the decision threshold and the threshold control signal from the FEC 17 (step S 2 ). The controller 18 determines whether the error rate satisfies a predetermined condition (step S 3 ). When the error rate satisfies the condition (“YES” at step S 3 ), the process is completed.
  • step S 3 when the error rate does not satisfy the condition (“NO” at step S 3 ), the controller 18 receives updated monitor signal from the power monitor 11 , and changes the decision threshold (step S 4 ). Then, the controller 18 calculates the error rate (step S 5 ), and determines whether the error rate satisfies the condition (step S 6 ). When the error rate does not satisfy the condition (“NO” at step S 6 ), the process returns to step S 4 . The process from step S 4 to step S 6 is repeated until an error rate that satisfies the condition is obtained. When the error rate satisfies the condition (“YES” at step S 6 ), the process is completed.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram of an optical receiver according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • An optical receiver 20 shown in FIG. 8 performs a DC feedback control different from the DC feedback control explained in the first embodiment.
  • the optical receiver 20 includes a DC feedback amplifier 25 instead of the DC feedback amplifier 15 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the output signals from the limiting amplifier 14 are input to the DC feedback amplifier 25 .
  • the output signal from the DC feedback amplifier 25 controls a current source 22 connected to the PD 12 and the preamplifier 13 .
  • the decision threshold calculated by the controller 18 is set in the DC feedback amplifier 25 .
  • the output signal from the preamplifier 13 is input to one of the input terminals of the limiting amplifier 14 as it is, and also input to the other input terminal through a low pass filter (LPF) 21 that extracts the DC level of the output signal of preamplifier.
  • LPF low pass filter
  • the DC feedback amplifier 25 performs a DC feedback control based on the decision threshold set by the controller 18 , to control the DC level of the positive signal and the negative signal that are output from the preamplifier 13 and input to the limiting amplifier 14 .
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an optical receiver according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • An optical receiver 30 shown in FIG. 9 performs a DC feedback control different from the DC feedback control explained in the second embodiment.
  • the optical receiver 30 includes a DC feedback amplifier 35 instead of the DC feedback amplifier 25 shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the output signal from the preamplifier 13 is input to the DC feedback amplifier 35 .
  • the output signal from the DC feedback amplifier 35 controls the current source 22 .
  • the decision threshold calculated by the controller 18 is set in the DC feedback amplifier 35 .
  • the output signal from the preamplifier 13 is subjected to a feedback control performed by the DC feedback amplifier 35 , to control the DC level of the positive signal and the negative signal to be input to the limiting amplifier 14 .
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an optical receiver according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • An optical receiver 40 shown in FIG. 10 controls, instead of performing the DC feedback control, a DC level of the output signal from the limiting amplifier 14 directly based on the decision threshold calculated the controller 18 .
  • the limiting amplifier 14 and the CDR 16 are AC-coupled via capacitors 41 and 42 , and the decision threshold calculated by the controller 18 is input to one of the input terminals of the CDR 16 by an adder 43 .
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram of an optical receiver according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the configuration of an optical receiver 50 shown in FIG. 11 is similar to that of the optical receiver 40 according to the fourth embodiment (see FIG. 10 ).
  • the optical receiver 50 performs the same DC feedback control as that of the first embodiment (see FIG. 1 ).
  • the DC feedback amplifier 15 of the optical receiver 50 feeds back the output signal from the limiting amplifier 14 to one of the input terminals of the limiting amplifier 14 .
  • the decision threshold calculated by the controller 18 is not input to the DC feedback amplifier 15 .
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram of an optical receiver according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the configuration of an optical receiver 60 shown in FIG. 12 is similar to that of the optical receiver 40 according to the fourth embodiment (see FIG. 10 ).
  • the optical receiver 60 performs the same DC feedback control as that of the third embodiment (see FIG. 9 ).
  • the DC feedback amplifier 35 of the optical receiver 60 controls the current source 22 connected to the PD 12 and the preamplifier 13 by inputting the output signal from the preamplifier 13 to the current source 22 .
  • the decision threshold calculated by the controller 18 is not input to the DC feedback amplifier 35 .
  • FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an optical receiver according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • the configuration of an optical receiver 70 shown in FIG. 13 is same as that of the optical receiver 50 according to the fifth embodiment (see FIG. 11 ).
  • the decision threshold calculated by the controller 18 is input to the DC feedback amplifier 15 as in the optical receiver 10 according to the first embodiment (see FIG. 1 ).
  • the DC level of the positive signal and the negative signal output from the limiting amplifier 14 is controlled at both sides of the limiting amplifier 14 (that is, the input side and the output side).
  • the decision threshold can be adjusted appropriately even when the relation between the reception power and the decision threshold is more complicated.
  • FIG. 14 is a block diagram of an optical receiver according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the configuration of an optical receiver 80 shown in FIG. 14 is similar to that of the optical receiver 10 according to the first embodiment (see FIG. 1 ), except for including an analog operating unit 88 , such as an operational amplifier, instead of the controller 18 .
  • the analog operating unit 88 performs an analog processing to set the decision threshold based on the monitor signal and the threshold control signal. With the above configuration, the decision threshold is output as an analog signal from the analog operating unit 88 .
  • FIG. 15 is a block diagram of an optical receiver according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the configuration of an optical receiver 90 shown in FIG. 15 is similar to that of the optical receiver 10 according to the first embodiment (see FIG. 1 ), except for including a controller 91 , a calculator 92 , and a DAC 93 instead of the controller 18 .
  • the controller 91 generates a normalized threshold control signal based on the threshold control signal input from the FEC 17 .
  • the calculator 92 calculates an optimal decision threshold according to the reception power and the error rate. Specifically, the calculator 92 calculates the optimal decision threshold based on the normalized threshold control signal input from the controller 91 and the monitor signal input from the power monitor 11 .
  • the DAC 93 converts the optimal decision threshold output from the calculator 92 from digital to analog, and set the decision threshold to the DC feedback amplifier 15 .
  • FIG. 16 is a flowchart of a decision threshold setting process performed by the controller 91 and the calculator 92 .
  • the controller 91 sets an initial value of the normalized threshold (step S 1 ).
  • the calculator 92 receives the monitor signal from the power monitor 11 , and sets an initial value of the decision threshold (step S 12 ).
  • the calculator 92 calculates an initial value of the error rate based on the initial values of the normalized threshold and the decision threshold (step S 13 ), and determines whether the error rate satisfies a predetermined condition (step S 14 ). When the error rate satisfies the condition (“YES” at step S 14 ), the process is completed.
  • the controller 91 changes the normalized threshold (step S 15 ).
  • the calculator 92 receives updated monitor signal from the power monitor 11 , and changes the decision threshold (step S 16 ).
  • the calculator 92 recalculates the error rate based on the normalized threshold and the decision threshold (step S 17 ), and determines whether the error rate satisfies the condition (step S 18 ).
  • step S 18 When the error rate does not satisfy the condition (“NO” at step S 18 ), the process returns back to step S 15 , and the process from step S 15 to step S 18 is repeated until an error rate that satisfies the condition is obtained. When the error rate satisfies the condition (“YES” at step S 18 ), the process is completed.
  • the configuration according to the ninth embodiment is suitable for a case in which the controller 91 and the calculator 92 are separately provided.
  • a module formed by the calculator 92 , the DAC 93 , and the PD 12 can be mounted on a substrate provided with the controller 91 .
  • the controller 18 or the analog calculator 88 according to the first to the eighth embodiments may also be provided as two independent components of the controller and the calculator.
  • an optimal decision threshold is set according to the receiving power varying in a wide range, thereby improving the performance of the error correction performed by an optical receiver. Moreover, a high-quality and error-free optical transmission can be achieved by applying a high-gain error correction technology to the highly-sensitive optical receiver with a limiting amplifier.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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US20090232519A1 (en) 2009-09-17
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