US20060280822A1 - Extract of nelumbins semen for the treatment of depression - Google Patents

Extract of nelumbins semen for the treatment of depression Download PDF

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US20060280822A1
US20060280822A1 US10/569,844 US56984406A US2006280822A1 US 20060280822 A1 US20060280822 A1 US 20060280822A1 US 56984406 A US56984406 A US 56984406A US 2006280822 A1 US2006280822 A1 US 2006280822A1
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extract
nelumbinis semen
semen extract
nelumbinis
depression
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Min-Kyu Shin
Moo-Chang Hong
Hyeon-Su Bae
Jeong-Hwan Yoon
Moon-Kyu Kang
Jung-Wan Oh
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Purimed Co Ltd
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Assigned to PURIMED CO., LTD., A CORPORATION ORGANIZED UNDER THE LAWS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA reassignment PURIMED CO., LTD., A CORPORATION ORGANIZED UNDER THE LAWS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BAE, HYEON-SU, HONG, MOO-CHANG, KANG, MOON-KYU, OH, JUNG-WAN, SHIN, MIN-KYU, YOON, JEONG-HWAN
Publication of US20060280822A1 publication Critical patent/US20060280822A1/en
Priority to US11/701,424 priority Critical patent/US7504117B2/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/62—Nymphaeaceae (Water-lily family)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G4/00—Chewing gum
    • A23G4/06—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G4/068—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing plants or parts thereof, e.g. fruits, seeds, extracts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
    • A23G9/32—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G9/42—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing plants or parts thereof, e.g. fruits, seeds, extracts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L13/60—Comminuted or emulsified meat products, e.g. sausages; Reformed meat from comminuted meat product
    • A23L13/65—Sausages
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/24—Antidepressants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates, in general, to an extract of Nelumbinis Semen ( Nelumbo nucifera ) having a therapeutic effect on depression, a method of preparing the extract, and a pharmaceutical composition and a health food comprising the extract. More particularly, the present invention relates to a Nelumbinis Semen extract obtained by extracting Nelumbinis Semen with an alcohol or an alcohol solution and concentrating and drying the resulting extract, a method of preparing the Nelumbinis Semen extract, and a pharmaceutical composition and a health food which comprise the Nelumbinis Semen extract as an effective component.
  • Depression is an emotional pathological phenomenon occurring regardless of objective situations. Emotional symptoms of depression include depressed behavior during all activities, anhedonia (loss of interest or pleasure), diminished mental capacity, pessimism, poor self-esteem, and suicidal thoughts that occasionally lead to suicide attempts. Physical symptoms of depression include decreased appetite, insomnia, constipation, diminished sexual desire, reduced immune functions, and patients' susceptibility to diseases due to the reduced immune function.
  • Antidepressants are divided into three major types according to the mechanism involving increasing the neurotransmitter levels: tricyclic antidepressants (TCA); monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI); and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI).
  • TCA tricyclic antidepressants
  • MAOI monoamine oxidase inhibitors
  • SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
  • Tricyclic antidepressants such as imipramine also have anticholinergic, sedative, and other side effects related to the cardiovascular system.
  • SSRI selective serotonin
  • Representative examples include fluoxetine (brand name: Prozac), paroxetine (brand name: Seroxate), and sertraline (brand name: Zoloft), which are widely approved due to their clinical efficacy.
  • antidepressants have side effects such as whole-body fatigue, sexual dysfunction and insomnia.
  • Administration of antidepressants was reported to typically activate a serotonin receptor by increasing serotonin levels, leading to an activation of PKA that is downstream of the serotonin receptor and eventually increases in protein levels of CREB, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, trkB. These increased protein levels are considered to indicate effective actions of antidepressants in molecular levels ( J. of Psychosomatic Research 53, 687-697 (2002)).
  • antidepressants restores to normal levels decreased concentrations of cortisol and IL-2 and decreased cell numbers of WBC and lymphocytes, all of which are representative responses of individuals with depression, thereby providing a normal immune system ( Ann N Y Acad Sci. 917, 478-487 (2000)). These effects may be another therapeutic effect of antidepressants.
  • the Hypericum perforatum extract has similar efficacy to imipramine in treating depression and has fewer side effects ( BMJ, 2000, 321, 536-539). Also, the Hypericum perforatun extract has the potential to inhibit the activities of human cytochrom P450 enzymes ( J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 2000, 294(1), 88-95).
  • the Hypericum perforatum extract contains a large number of structurally different compounds that directly or indirectly affect the central nervous system (CNS). That is, the Hypericum perforatum extract contains bioactive compounds, such as hypericin and hyperforin, and dimeric flavors, which are known to have antidepressive and apprehension-removing effects in animals and humans.
  • CNS central nervous system
  • Hypericum perforatum The action mechanisms of the constituents of Hypericum perforatum are as follows. Hypericin is proved to have the antidepressive effect in the presence of dimeric procyanidines contained in the Hypericum perforatum extract (Regensburg, Germany, V. Butterwecke et.al., 45th Annual Congress of the Society for Medicinal Plant Research, 1997, Abstract No. 011). Hyperforin increases 5-HT (serotonin) levels in the hypothalamus and hippocampus, indicating that the antidepressive effect of hyperforin is associated with the serotonergic system ( J Pharm Pharmacol, 2001, 53(5), 583-600; Pharmacopsychiatry, 2000, 33(2), 60-65). However, about 20% of depression patients are not treated with conventional antidepressants, and recently developed antidepressants such as SSRI have fewer side effects than other antidepressants, but they are still not negligible.
  • CMS chronic mild stress
  • “Mildly stressed rats” means that, when CMS-induced behavioral changes are observed for a prolonged administration period of weeks, the behavioral changes do not occur habitually, or habitual changes occur within a constant limitation ( Psychopharmacology, 1997, 134, 319-320).
  • a variety of chronic weak stressors such as overnight illumination, periods of food and/or water deprivation, cage tilt and change of cage mate, are used ( Psychopharmacology, 1997, 134, 319-320). Repeated exposure of white rats to such stressors results in a significant decrease in consumption of a sucrose solution, which is comparable to anhedonia, the representative symptom of depression of white rats.
  • Nelumbinis Semen is the skinned ripe seed of lotus ( Nelumbo nuncifera ), which has a green core. Nelumbinis Semen has no smell and a sweet, fresh and slightly astringent taste.
  • Nelumbinis Semen contains a large quantity of starch and raffinose sugar, and is known to have the therapeutic effects of strengthening the spleen and stomach, alleviating insomnia, whitening the skin, relieving inflammation and healing wounds in the skin.
  • the present invention aims to provide a Nelumbinis Semen extract having antidepressive activity, a method of preparing the Nelumbinis Semen extract, and a pharmaceutical composition and a health food comprising the Nelumbinis Semen extract as an effective component.
  • Nelumbinis Semen is used as a Chinese traditional herbal medicine
  • the intensive and thorough animal behavioral research into the therapeutic effects of an extract of Nelumbinis Semen, conducted by the present inventors resulted in the finding that the Nelumbinis Semen extract is superior in treating depression to conventional antidepressants, Hypericum perforatum extract and fluoxetine (brand name: Prozac) one of SSRI, the recently most commonly used antidepressants, thereby providing a pharmaceutical composition for treating depression comprising the Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention.
  • the molecular biological and biochemical research revealed the mechanism of the antidepressive action of the Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention, and resulted in the finding that the Nelumbinis Semen extract has another effect of normalizing immune functions, thereby providing a pharmaceutical composition for treating depression comprising the Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention.
  • the animal behavioral research resulted in the finding that the Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention does not have the side effects that are observed upon application of conventional antidepressants.
  • the present invention provides a Nelumbinis Semen extract having antidepressive activity.
  • the present invention provides a method of preparing the Nelumbinis Semen extract.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating depression, comprising the Nelumbinis Semen extract as an effective component.
  • the present invention provides a health food for treating depression, comprising the Nelumbinis Semen extract as an effective component.
  • the present invention provides a Nelumbinis Semen extract having antidepressive activity.
  • the Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention is prepared by a process including 1) extracting Nelumbinis Semen with an alcohol or an alcohol solution; 2) filtering and concentrating the resulting extract; and 3) freeze-drying the resulting concentrate.
  • the alcohol or alcohol solution may be selected from the group consisting of 10-100% ethyl alcohol and 10-100% methyl alcohol. Preferred is 70-100% ethyl alcohol.
  • the extraction is carried out by cold extraction (maceration), under reflux conditions or by ultrasonic treatment.
  • the ultrasonic extraction is preferred.
  • the present inventors compared the Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention with other Chinese medical herbs.
  • the Chinese medical herbs as comparative subjects included Rehmanniae Radix Preparat, Lycii Fructus and Corni Fructus, which strengthen body functions, and Pinelliae Rhizoma that has an expectorating effect (Table 1). TABLE 1 Chinese medical herbs and their amount used Chinese medical herb (Pharmaceutical name) Amount Rehmanniae Radix Preparat 500 g Corni Fructus 500 g Lycii Fructus 500 g Pinelliae Rhizoma 500 g Nelumbinis Semen 500 g Hypericum perforatum 500 g
  • the Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention was found to have a higher antidepressive effect than extracts of Rehmanniae Radix Preparat, Lycii Fructus, Corni Fructus and Pinelliae Rhizoma.
  • the Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention was tested for its antidepressive activity and for overcoming sexual dysfunction, which is a representative side effect of conventional antidepressants.
  • the rats were administered with conventional antidepressants, Prozac and a Hypericum perforatum extract, and the Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention, antidepressive effects and side effects of the administered drugs were evaluated by objective comparison between test groups for behavioral changes including changes in weight, sucrose intake and physical activity in an open place.
  • the Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention was found to have a higher antidepressive effect than the comparative drugs, Hypericum perforatum extract and Prozac, while not displaying reduced sexual behavior that is a side effect of the above conventional antidepressive drugs, thereby indicating that the present Nelumbinis Semen extract does not have the side effects found upon the application of conventional antidepressive drugs.
  • the mechanism of the antidepressive action of the Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention was assessed according to the following molecular biological and biochemical methods.
  • the Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention was found, like the Hypericum perforatum extract and Prozac used as comparative drugs, to significantly increase expression levels of CREB, BDNF and trkB genes that are representative in vivo markers of antidepression.
  • NE norepinephrine
  • NE norepinephrine
  • Catecholamine content was measured using an HPLC system equipped with an electrochemical detector.
  • a mobile phase containing 0.05 M monobasic sodium phosphate, 0.1 N sodium acetic acetate and 1% methanol was adjusted to pH 4.4 with a phosphate buffer for HPLC.
  • DA was composed of a Supelcosil LC-8-DB 3- ⁇ m column (150 ⁇ 4.6 mm, Supelco, Bellefonte, Pa.) protected by an LC-18 guard column.
  • the Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention was found, like the Hypericum perforatum extract and Prozac used as comparative drugs, to significantly increase levels of the 5-HT and NE neurotransmitters.
  • antidepressive effects were evaluated by an increase or decrease in receptor binding of a serotonin 2A receptor agonist, [ 3 H]spiperone, in the rat brain frontal cortex, as follows.
  • a behavioral test in rats was carried out for a period of three weeks, and the rats were administered with each drug.
  • the brain frontal cortex was excised from the rats and frozen in liquid nitrogen.
  • the frontal cortex was cryo-sectioned into a horizontal form using a cryostat microtome, and each section was incubated in a [ 3 H]spiperone-containing Tris-HCl buffer for two hours, dried, placed in an autoradiography cassette and exposed to an autoradiography film for four weeks in a refrigerator.
  • the film was developed and scanned with a densitometer to measure light and dark intensity that corresponds to binding strengtHypericum After calibrated values were calculated using a standard scale bar, binding strength of each cryo-section was expressed as Ci/mg tissue.
  • the Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention was found, like the Hypericum perforatum extract and Prozac used as comparative drugs, to significantly increase the binding of the serotonin 2A receptor agonist, [ 3 H]spiperone.
  • the SDS-PAGE gel was transferred onto a PVDF or nitrocellulose membrane by electro-transferation.
  • the membrane was incubated with a primary antibody for a target protein, washed and incubated with a secondary antibody. Then, the target protein was detected by an enhanced chemiiluminascent method.
  • the Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention was found, like the Hypericum perforatum extract and Prozac used as comparative drugs, to significantly increase protein levels of CREB, BDNF and trkB.
  • the gel was stained by a Gel-Code Blue staining method and evaluated for elevated or newly emerged proteins by the antidepressive substances.
  • the elevated or newly emerged proteins by the antidepressive substances were subjected to mass spectrometry.
  • the Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention was found, like the Hypericum perforatum extract and Prozac used as comparative drugs, to significantly increase protein levels of CREB, BDNF and trkB.
  • Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention was evaluated to determine its ability to help overcome immune suppression caused by depression, by the following biochemical method.
  • Urinary cortisol concentrations were measured as follows.
  • the coated tubes were individually labeled with NSB, Std (A-F), a control (CON6 No. 5) and sample numbers (for NSB, a green tube was used).
  • radioactivity was measured for at least 1 min using a Y-counter.
  • the Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention was found, like the Hypericum perforatum extract and Prozac used as comparative drugs, to restore cortisol concentrations to levels similar to a normal group.
  • Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention was found, like the Hypericum perforatum extract and Prozac used as comparative drugs, to restore
  • IL-2 concentrations to levels similar to a normal group.
  • Cell volume was measured according to the Coulter Principle, which is universally recognized as a reference method for sizing of volumes.
  • An aperture between two electrodes is placed in a cell flow, and direct current flows between the electrodes.
  • electrical resistance to the direct current flow increases, thus generating a voltage pulse being in proportion to cell volumes.
  • the size of the pulse is one of the distinct features allowing determination of the type of WBC.
  • a different phenotype allowing the distinction of two types of cells should be measured. For example, mature basophils and small lymphocytes are about 9-12 ⁇ m in diameter, and immature prolymphocytes and mature neutrophils are 12-14 ⁇ m in diameter. Different types of cells with similar size are difficult to determine based on only their size, and thus, in this case, conductivity and light scattering are simultaneously measured.
  • Conductivity measurement is based on measuring cell contents using a high-frequency electromagnetic field.
  • This technology is a method of measuring cell contents, which started to be developed in the 1960s by Doctor Wallace Coulter, the founder of the Coulter Electronics Company, and was patented in USA in 1970. Doctor Coulter demonstrated that a high-frequency current is able to penetrate the cell membrane. The current that has penetrated cells exists in specific forms according to the composition of the nucleus and granules and the internal chemical composition of cells. The application of this high-frequency electromagnetic field creates a novel practical method capable of providing information about contents of cells.
  • Optity is a conductivity signal reflecting the internal composition of cells, which is not influenced by cell size.
  • Optity measurement provided only by the Coulter Company is the most accurate and reliable technology for measuring cell contents. Conductivity is useful for separating cells of similar size, but different internal composition. Only volume measurement does not distinguish basophils from small lymphocytes. However, since conductivity measurement is carried out by measuring the difference between cell types in the ratio of the nucleus to the cytoplasm, granularity, etc., it is very useful for separating cell types.
  • Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention was found, like the Hypericum perforatum extract and Prozac used as comparative drugs, to restore the cell number of WBC to levels similar to a normal group.
  • diluted blood corpuscles When diluted blood corpuscles are suspended in an electrolyte solution (Isoton sol.) that is a separate insulator, the electrolyte suspension of particles is suctioned for 4 sec through an aperture with a predetermined size.
  • the aperture is placed between an internal electrode and an external electrode, and a current flows between the electrodes.
  • resistance increases while voltage decreases.
  • the difference between decreased voltage and ground voltage is expressed as height by a threshold circuit.
  • the number of pulses indicates the number of particles, and the amplitude of pulses is in proportion to the volume of diverscles.
  • the Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention was found, like the Hypericum perforatum extract and Prozac used as comparative drugs, to restore the cell number of lymphocytes to levels similar to a normal group.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating depression, comprising the Nelumbinis Semen extract as an effective component.
  • the present pharmaceutical composition for treating depression includes the Nelumbinis Semen extract as an effective component.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be administered orally or parenterally and may be formulated into typical pharmaceutical preparations.
  • the Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention may be formulated into various formulations for oral and parenteral administration upon clinical application.
  • diluents or excipients may be used, which are exemplified by fillers, thickeners, binders, humectants, disintegrators and surfactants.
  • solid formulations for oral administration include tablets, pills, powders, granules and capsules.
  • the solid formulations may include, in addition to the Nelumbinis Semen extract, at least one excipient selected from among starch, calcium carbonate, sucrose, lactose, gelatin, etc.
  • the solid formulations may include, in addition to a simple excipient, a lubricant such as magnesium stearate or talc.
  • liquid formulations for oral administration include suspensions, internal solutions, emulsions and syrups.
  • the liquid formulations may include, in addition to commonly used simple diluents such as water and liquid paraffin, various excipients which are exemplified by humectants, sweeteners, aromatics and preservatives.
  • preparations for parenteral administration include sterile aqueous solutions, non-aqueous solutions, suspensions, emulsions, freeze-dried preparations and suppositories.
  • non-aqueous solutions and suspensions propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils such as olive oil, and injectable esters such as ethyl oleate may be used.
  • injectable esters such as ethyl oleate
  • suppositories witepsol, macrogol, Tween 61, cacao fat, lanolin fat, glycerol and gelatin may be used.
  • the unit dose may, for example, occurs one, two, three or four times, or a half, third or quarter of an individual dose.
  • the individual dose preferably contains the amount of an effective drugs which is given in one administration and usually corresponds to a whole daily dose or a half, third or quarter of the daily dose.
  • an effective amount of the Nelumbinis Semen extract ranges from 30 to 700 mg/kg, and preferably 100 to 500 mg/kg, and may be administered once to six times daily.
  • the dosage for a specific patient may vary according to the patient's weight, age, sex, health state and diet, administration duration, administration routes, excretion rates and severity of the illness.
  • Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention When the Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention was orally, intraperitoneally and subcutaneously administered to white rats to evaluate its toxicity, 50% lethal dose (LD50) of the Nelumbinis Semen extract upon the intraperitoneal administration was higher than 20 g/kg. This result demonstrates that the Nelumbinis Semen extract is safe.
  • LD50 lethal dose
  • the present invention provides a health food for treating depression, comprising the Nelumbinis Semen extract as an effective component.
  • the present extract may be added as it exists or in combination with other food or food ingredients, and may be used suitably according to general methods. Mixed amounts of effective components may be suitably determined according to the intended use (preventive, health or therapeutic purposes). Typically, the present extract may be added in an amount of 0.01 to 1 wt %, and preferably 0.1 to 1 wt %, based on the total weight of raw materials used in preparing a food or drink. An effective amount of the present extract may be determined based on an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition. When consumed for a long period of time for health and sanitary purposes or health control, the present extract may be used in an amount lower than the range. Also, it is apparent that the present extract can be used in an amount higher than the range because the effective component carries no safety risk.
  • the type of the food is not particularly limited.
  • foods to which the present extract can be added include meats, sausages, breads, chocolates, candies, snacks, confectionary, pizza, instant noodles, other noodles, gums, dairy products including ice creams, various soups, beverages, teas, drinks, alcoholic beverages and vitamin complexes, as well as traditional therapeutic preparations for use as an antianemic, a body function-strengthening agent, a skin whitening agent, and the like.
  • the present invention may be used in various prescriptions of Chinese medical decoctions, such as Reu Do Han Shao Tang, Quing Sin Shan Yao Tang and Tai Yin Tiao Wei Tang.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing the struggling time measured in a forced swim test using white rats, in which, for struggling time, a test group administered with a Nelumbinis Semen extract according to the present invention is compared to a control group and other test groups individually administered with a Rehmanniae Radix Preparat extract, a Corni Fructus extract, a Lycii Fructus extract; a Pinelliae Rhizoma extract and a Hypericum perforatum extract;
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the first latency time measured in a forced swim test using white rats, in which, for first latency time, a test group administered with a Nelumbinis Semen extract according to the present invention is compared to a control group and other test groups individually administered with a Rehmanniae Radix Preparat extract, a Corni Fructus extract, a Lycii Fructus extract, a Pinelliae Rhizoma extract and a Hypericum perforatum extract; and
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the first rest duration measured in a forced swim test using white rats, in which, for first rest duration, a test group administered with a Nelumbinis Semen extract according to the present invention is compared to a control group and other test groups individually administered with a Rehmanniae Radix Preparat extract, a Corni Fructus extract, a Lycii Fructus extract, a Pinelliae Rhizoma extract and a Hypericum perforatum extract.
  • Nelumbinis Semen dried powder 500 g was placed into a flask containing 1 L of 70% ethyl alcohol and subjected to ultrasonic extraction (Branson Co., USA) at room temperature for 10 min, and the supernatant was recovered. The pellet was further extracted with 85% and 100% ethylalcohol according to the same method as described above. The supernantants were pooled and filtered through a gauze. The filtrate was concentrated using a vacuum filter (Eyela, Japan) and freeze-dried, thus yielding 95 g of a Nelumbinis Semen extract according to the present invention.
  • the Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention was orally administered to postnatal 85-95-day Sprague-Dawley male rats.
  • a comparative group was orally administered with a Hypericum perforatum extract.
  • the rats were stressed by being exposed to bright light (300 Lux).
  • a forced swim test was carried out as follows. On day 1, the white rats were placed into a cylindrical water bath (22 cm in diameter; 30 cm water depth) and forced to swim for 10 min. On day 2, the rats were forced to swim for 5 min, and during this forced swimming, struggling time was measured.
  • the comparative group administered with the Hypericum perforatum extract showed a non-significant increase in struggling time by 25.2% in comparison with a control group.
  • the Nelumbinis Semen extract significantly increased the struggling time by 43.9% ( FIG. 1 ).
  • Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention has antidepressive activity and is superior to the Hypericum perforatum extract used as a comparative group in counteracting depression.
  • Nelumbinis Semen extract was examined according to the same method as in Experimental Example 1 and compared with other Chinese medicinal herbal extracts of Rehmanniae Radix Preparat, Corni Fructus, Lycii Fructus and Pinelliae Rhizoma.
  • Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention has higher antidepressive activity than the Rehmanniae Radix Preparat extract.
  • An acute toxicity test was carried out using 6-week specific pathogen-free (SPF) SD rats.
  • the Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention was suspended in a 0.5% methylcellulose solution and orally administered to groups each consisting of five rats in a single dose of 5 g/kg, 10 g/kg and 20 g/kg. After administration of the extract, death, clinical symptoms and weight change were observed, and a hematological test and hematobiochemical analysis were performed. Upon autopsy, abnormality in abdominal organs and chest organs was visually observed.
  • the Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention exhibited no toxicity even at a dose of 10 g/kg in all rats, and thus had a 50% lethal dose (LD50) higher than 20 g/kg upon oral administration. This result demonstrates that the Nelumbinis Semen extract is safe.
  • Soft capsules were prepared according to a soft capsule preparation method described in General Rules for Preparation in a guidebook, Korean Pharmacopoeia, using 100.0 mg per capsule of the Nelumbinis Semen extract prepared in Example 1, 175.0 mg of soybean oil, 45.0 mg of cera flava, 127.5 mg of hydrogenated palm oil, 21.0 mg of soybean phospholipids, 212.0 mg of gelatin, 50.0 mg of glycerin (gravity: 1.24), 76.0 mg of di-sorbitol, 0.54 mg of methyl-paraoxybenzoate, 0.90 mg of propyl-paraoxybenzoate, 0.56 mg of methylvanillin, and a proper amount of yellow no. 203.
  • Nelumbinis Semen extract prepared in Example 1 90.0 mg of corn starch, 175.0 mg of lactose, 15.0 mg of L-hydroxypropylcellulose, 5.0 mg of polyvinylpyrolidone 90 and a proper amount of ethanol were homogeneously mixed, granulated by wet granulation, mixed with 1.8 mg of magnesium stearic acid, and forced into 400 mg tablets.
  • Nelumbinis Semen extract prepared in Example 1 100.0 mg of the Nelumbinis Semen extract prepared in Example 1, 83.2 mg of corn starch, 175.0 mg of lactose and 1.8 mg of magnesium stearic acid were homogeneously mixed, and filled into capsule shells at 360 mg per capsule.
  • the present inventors prepared food and a beverage comprising the Nelumbinis Semen extract as an effective component, as follows.
  • Chewing gum was prepared according to a general method using 0.24-0.64% of the Nelumbinis Semen extract prepared in Example 1, 20% of gum base, 76.36-76.76% of sugar, 1% of a fruit aromatic and 2% of water.
  • Ice cream was prepared according to a general method using 0.24-0.64% of the Nelumbinis Semen extract prepared in Example 1, 10.0% of milk fat, 10.8% of SNF (Solids Not Fat), 12.0% of sugar, 3.0% of starch syrup, 0.5% of an emulsion stabilizer (span), 0.15% of an aromatic (strawberry) and 63.31-62.91% of water.
  • a beverage was prepared according to a general method using 0.48-1.28 mg of the Nelumbinis Semen extract prepared in Example 1, 522 mg of honey, 5 mg of thioctic acid amide, 10 mg of nicotinic acid amide, 3 mg of riboflavin hydrochloride sodium, 2 mg of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 30 mg of inositol, 50 mg of orotic acid and 200 ml of water.
  • Sausage was prepared according to a general method using 0.24-0.64% of the Nelumbinis Semen extract prepared in Example 1, 63.6% of pork, 27.5% of chicken, 3.5% starch, 1.7% of soybean proteins, 1.62% of edible salt, 0.5% of glucose and 0.94-1.34% of another additive (glycerin).
  • the Nelumbinis Semen extract of the present invention has very strong antidepressive activity, and Nelumbinis Semen, as the raw material of the Nelumbinis Semen extract, is a natural raw material used in Chinese medicine that is not harmful to the body and is well absorbed by the body when used as a pharmaceutical composition for treating depression. Therefore, the Nelumbinis Semen extract is very useful for treating and preventing depression and various related diseases.

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US10/569,844 2003-08-28 2003-08-28 Extract of nelumbins semen for the treatment of depression Abandoned US20060280822A1 (en)

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KR100672949B1 (ko) * 2004-03-31 2007-04-12 퓨리메드 주식회사 우울증 치료용 연자육 추출물, 이를 포함하는 약학적조성물 및 건강식품
KR100672951B1 (ko) * 2004-06-09 2007-01-22 퓨리메드 주식회사 허혈성 심질환 예방 또는 치료용 연자육 추출물 및 이를함유하는 약학적 조성물과 건강 식품
US7799802B2 (en) * 2004-08-03 2010-09-21 Institstute of Oriental Medical Science Inc. Method and health food for preventing and/or alleviating psychiatric disorder, and/or for effectuating sedation
TW201116331A (en) * 2009-11-10 2011-05-16 Shu-Hua Chiang Low temperature ultrasonic extraction method for plants

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AU2003253482B2 (en) 2008-07-10
US7504117B2 (en) 2009-03-17
US20070148265A1 (en) 2007-06-28
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DE60326017D1 (de) 2009-03-12

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