US20060052575A1 - Mixed catalyst composition - Google Patents

Mixed catalyst composition Download PDF

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US20060052575A1
US20060052575A1 US10/536,869 US53686905A US2006052575A1 US 20060052575 A1 US20060052575 A1 US 20060052575A1 US 53686905 A US53686905 A US 53686905A US 2006052575 A1 US2006052575 A1 US 2006052575A1
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carbon atoms
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Jens Roder
Andrea Kapries
Thorsten Nordhorn
Johannes Canisius
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Chemtura Organometallics GmbH
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Crompton GmbH
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Publication of US20060052575A1 publication Critical patent/US20060052575A1/en
Assigned to CHEMTURA ORGANOMETALLICS GMBH reassignment CHEMTURA ORGANOMETALLICS GMBH CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CROMPTON GMBH
Priority to US11/784,492 priority Critical patent/US7709409B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/0201—Oxygen-containing compounds
    • B01J31/0211—Oxygen-containing compounds with a metal-oxygen link
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F7/22—Tin compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/0201—Oxygen-containing compounds
    • B01J31/0211—Oxygen-containing compounds with a metal-oxygen link
    • B01J31/0212—Alkoxylates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/12—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/122—Metal aryl or alkyl compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
    • C07C67/08—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/78—Preparation processes
    • C08G63/82—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/78—Preparation processes
    • C08G63/82—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used
    • C08G63/823—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used for the preparation of polylactones or polylactides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/78—Preparation processes
    • C08G63/82—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used
    • C08G63/85—Germanium, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, or compounds thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/14—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of germanium, tin or lead
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/78—Preparation processes
    • C08G63/82—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used
    • C08G63/87—Non-metals or inter-compounds thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to catalytic compositions for esterification, transesterification and polycondensation reactions, a process for the catalysis of said reactions employing such catalytic compositions and polyesters or resins obtainable by this process.
  • JP-A 06-248060, JP-A 03-284414 and JP-A 03-218511 describe catalyst systems based on organo tin compounds and trivalent and pentavalent heteroatom compounds especially phosphorous ligands, used in the ring opening polymerization of lactides. These systems are used to optimize the mechanical and thermal resistance of the polymer.
  • DE-A-101 21 542 reports further that e.g. stabilizers containing heteroatoms are used for quenching the catalyst within the esterification, transesterification or pre-condensation step as these compounds form inactive products together with the catalyst.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a catalytic composition, suitable for catalyzing esterification, transesterification and polycondensation reactions, an improved process of esterification, transesterification and polycondensation reactions and the production of improved polyesters for bottles, films, foils, yarn, molded padding, resins for powder coatings and technical synthetic materials, which avoid the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the catalytic composition for esterification, transesterification and polycondensation reactions according to the invention contains a mixture of at least one organotin compound (compound I) of the general formula (I):
  • Said catalytic compositions proved highly effective in the catalysis of esterification, transesterification, polycondensation, polyesterification and polytransesterification reactions.
  • compound I and compound II form a physical mixture and do not chemically react with each other. That means compound I and compound II are neither connected by a complex nor a covalent bond.
  • compound II is a phosphorous compound this is confirmed by the 31 P NMR data of the physical mixture of compound I and compound II.
  • Preferred metal ions according to the invention include NH 4 , Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, B, Al, Sc, Y.
  • R1 methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, neo-pentyl, tert-pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, n-octyl, iso-octyl, 2-ethyl-1-hexyl, 2,2,4-trimethylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, dodecyl, n-dodecyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, methylcyclohexyl, vinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl, o-tolyl, p-tolyl, m-
  • substituents according to the invention are: methyl, n-butyl, n-octyl und n-dodecyl.
  • —X— is preferably —C 2 H 4 —
  • preferred moieties R A are —CN, —COOH, —COO-methyl, —COO-ethyl.
  • R2 Preferred examples for R2 are according to the invention:
  • R3 and R4 are according to the invention: 0, OH, methanolate, ethanolate, n-propanolate, iso-propanolate, n-butanolate, 2-butanolate, iso-butanolate, tert-butanolate, n-pentanolate, iso-pentanolate, neo-pentanolate, tert-pentanolate, 2-methyl-1-butanolate, hexanolate, heptanolate, n-octanolate, iso-octanolate, 2,2,4-trimethylpentanolate, nonanolate, decanolate, dodecanolate, n-dodecanolate, cyclopentanolate, cyclohexanolate, cycloheptanolate, methylcyclohexanolate, glycolate, glycerate, pinacolate neopentylglycolate
  • substituents are: O, OH, Cl, laureate, 2-ethyl-1-hexanoate, neodecanoate, oxalate, 2-ethyl-1-hexylmaleicacid monoester and acetate.
  • Preferred examples for compound II of the invention are phosphites, phosphines, phosphonic acid esters, pyrophosphates, alkaline halogenides, earth alkaline halogenides, aluminum halogenides.
  • phosphites of several aryl-dialkyl or alkyl-diarylphosphite may be advantageously applied, such as phenyldi-octyl-, phenyldidecyl-, phenyldidodecyl-, phenylditridecyl-, phenylditetradecyl-, phenyldipentadecyl-, octyldiphenyl-, decycidiphenyl-, undecyldiphenyl-, dodecyidiphenyl-, tridecyidiphenyl-, tetradecyldiphenyl-, pentadecyldi-phenyl-, oleyldiphenyl-, stearyldiphenyl-und dodecyl-bis-2,4-di-t-butylphenylphosphite, tris(2,4-di-tert-but
  • phosphites of several di- or polyols are very well suited and therefore preferred, e.g. phenylneopentylenglycolphosphite, heptakis-(dipropyleneglycol)triphosphite, 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl-2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propandiolphosphite, bis(2,4-tri-tert-butylphenyl)penta-erythritoldiphosphite, tetraphenyldipropylenglykoldiphosphite, polydi-propyleneglykolphenylphosphite, tetramethylolcyclohexanol-decyidi-phosphite, tetramethylolcyclohexanol-butoxyethoxy-ethyldiphosphite, tetramethylolcyclohexano
  • heteroatom compounds II including heteroatoms such as according to formula II wherein R1′, R2′ and R3′ are each independently selected from C 6 H 5 , OC 6 H 5 and OC 4 H 9 .
  • mixtures of compound I with a compound II according to formula III are particularly preferred, such as e.g. (X ⁇ P):
  • R1′, R2′, R3′ Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, neo-pentyl, tert-pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, n-octyl, iso-octyl, 2,2,4-trimethylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, dodecyl, n-dodecyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, methylcyclohexyl, vinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl naphthyl, an
  • Triphenylphosphinoxide, triethylphosphate, tributyl-phosphate, triphenylphosphate, tris(triethylenglycol)phosphate and diphenylphosphite are especially preferred.
  • R1′, R2′, R3′ independent, the same or different: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neo-pentyl, tert-pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, n-octyl, iso-octyl, 2,2,4-trimethylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, dodecyl, n-dodecyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, methylcyclohexyl, O-tolyl, p-tolyl, m-tolyl, x
  • Isobutylisopropyl dimethoxysilan Isobutylisopropyl dimethoxysilan, diisopropyl dimethoxysilan, diisbbutyldimethoxysilan, dicyclopentyl dimethoxysilan, n-propyltrimethoxysilan, isobutyl-sec.-butyl dimethoxysilan, cyclohexylisobutyl dimethoxysilan, cyclo-pentylisobutyl dimethoxysilan, di-sec.-butyl dimethoxysilan, dicyclohexyl dimethoxysilan, isobutylmethyl dimethoxysilan.
  • mixtures of compound I with one or more of the following examples of compound II of formula III are according to the invention preferred, such as: NaClO 2 , KClO 2 , HClO 2 , HClO 3 , KClO 3 , NaClO 3 , HClO 4 , NaClO 4 , KClO 4 , and, particularly preferred, NaCl, AIC13, KCl, NaBr, KBr, NaClO 4 and KClO 4 and their respective hydrates.
  • mixtures of compound I with one or more of the following examples of compound II of formula III are according to the invention preferred (X ⁇ S): Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , MgSO 4 , CaSO 4 , SrSO 4 , BaSO 4 , Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , NaAl(SO 4 ) 2 , NH 4 Al(SO 4 ) 2 , KAl(SO 4 ) 2 and their hydrates, particularly preferred are Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , NaAl(SO 4 ) 2 , NH 4 Al(SO 4 ) 2 .
  • the molar ratio of compound I to compound II may by advantage be 1:0.001 to 1:200, preferred is a ratio of 1:0,01 to 1:20.
  • composition of compound I and/or compound. II may contain suspension agents or solvents to improve reaction kinetics and yield.
  • the invention further provides a process for the continuous or batchwise catalysis of esterification, transesterification, polyesterification, polytransesterification reactions of an alcohol and an acid or acid derivative, e.g. an ester, anhydride or halogenide, characterized by employing a catalytic composition as defined above.
  • This process may include the steps:
  • At least two catalytic compounds I and II may be added to the reaction mixture in isolated form, as solid, dissolved in a suitable solvent, as a liquid or as suspension.
  • the employed carboxylic acid may be a monocarboxylic acid, di- or polycarboxylic acid.
  • dicarboxylic acids carboxylic acids containing at least two carboxyl groups, dicarboxylic acids such as e.g. terephthalic acid and/or 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, isophthalic acid, 1,4-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, 1,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, 4,4-bisphenyl dicarboxylic acids, adipic acid, phthalic acid, alkane dicarboxylic acids, halogen derivates of the mentioned dicarboxylic acids for example tetrabromo phthalic acid, and copolymers of the mentioned dicarboxylic acids or the esters of the mentioned carboxylic acids for example dimethyl terephthalate, bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate, 2,6-dimethyl naphthalate, 1,6-dimethyl
  • the alcohols employed in the process according to the invention may be mono-, di- or polyvalent.
  • alcohols such as ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol and/or 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, di-, triethylene glycol, polyglycols with a molecular weight below 1000 or neopentyl glycol, are particularly preferred.
  • recycled polyester material might be used as co/monomer within the process based on the invention.
  • compound II bearing a heteroatom as such neither catalyzes the esterification, nor transesterification, nor the polycondensation reaction.
  • an unexpected synergism between the metal catalyst (compound I) and the heteroatom compound (compound II) was found.
  • the catalytic activity of selected systems of compound I can be increased according to the invention by approx. 50%.
  • the polycondensation is catalyzed and accelerated by a new compound system. It has been shown that in comparison to conventional catalytic systems less amounts of catalyst and stabilizer lead to comparable results. Furthermore, even high-viscous polyesters can be manufactured in a direct process in by far shorter polycondensation times.
  • the novel mixtures according to the invention are further hydrolysis resistant and may be added either during the esterification phase and/or the precondensation phase as an active composition.
  • the catalytic composition of the invention shows a lower toxicity in comparison with conventional catalytic systems.
  • the preferred metal concentration of the catalytically effective metal compound (compound I) is 0.1 to 500 ppm (as Sn), in particular 10-200 ppm (as Sn) in relation to the acid or ester to be reacted.
  • the preferred concentration of the heteroatom containing compound (compound II) is 0.0001 ppm (as compound) to 1%, in particular 10-200 ppm in relation to the acid or ester to be reacted.
  • Particularly preferred is a process for a polyesterification reaction as defined above, characterized by reacting a dicarboxylic acid or a dicarboxylic acid derivative with a divalent alcohol.
  • Particularly preferred derivatives of mono-, di-, or polycarboxylic acids are esters or halogenides.
  • hydroxycarboxylic acids such as p-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acid, lactic acid, glycol acid or preferredly, derivatives thereof such as esters or ethers, and their co-polyesters with dicarboxylic acids and/or diols as described above may be reacted to the respective polyesters.
  • a polyfunctional alcohol can be added to the reaction mixture.
  • the polyfunctional alcohol such as pentaerythritol can be added favored in a concentration of 0-500 ppm, in particular 50 ppm.
  • the alcohol can be added together with compound I or separately, simultaneously, before or after, latest during the precondensation of the polyester. No influence on the effect of the other compounds occurs in this case.
  • the compounds I and/or II used for the production of polyester can be added during the period before the beginning of the esterification and/or transesterification until shortly before the end of the polycondensation, favored during the esterification and/or transesterification or before the precondensation.
  • a solvent or suspending agent may be added to compound I and/or compound II.
  • a mono-, di- or polyvalent alcohol such as e.g. an alkanediol may be employed.
  • Preferred are 1,2-ethanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,2-dimethylpropan-1,3-diol.
  • the same solvent and/or suspending agent may be employed during manufacturing of the catalytic composition and said esterification, transesterification, polyesterification or polytransesterification reaction.
  • a different solvent and/or suspending agent may be employed during manufacturing of the catalytic composition and said esterification, transesterification, polyesterification or polytransesterification reaction.
  • a solvent or suspending agent may be employed in the manufacturing step of the catalytic composition being selected from the group of mono-, di- or polyvalent alcohols that is reacted in said esterification, transesterification, polyesterification or polytransesterification reaction.
  • organic liquid may be employed as solvent or suspending agent for the catalytic composition that is indifferent with respect to the polyester production process.
  • Indifferent organic liquids are e.g. alkanes, cycloalkanes or benzene derivatives (for example benzene, toluene, xylenes).
  • water or a mixture of water with an alcohol or a polyvalent alcohol is suited as solvent and/or suspending agent according to the invention.
  • Subject of the invention are further polycondensation products, produced by the described process of esterification, transesterification, polyesterification, polytransesterification with the use of the catalytic compositions according to the invention.
  • subject of the invention are polyester for bottles, films, foils, yarn, molded padding, resins for powder coatings and technical synthetic materials, obtainable by the process according to the invention.
  • the polyester available by the process according to the invention shows comparable qualities for the processability in comparison with conventional polyesters for example catalyzed by antimony.
  • resins produced with the compounds described in the invention show a relatively low content of acetic aldehyde.
  • the polyesters synthesized with the process according to the invention show a narrow molecular weight distribution, a high translucency and give a polymer with a high, desired blue shift.
  • a polymer of high viscosity is, unlike the state of the art using Sb catalysts, obtained without difficulty.
  • the organotin catalyst is incorporated into the polymer by the means of an ester bond, that means the organotin species can only be released out of the polymer resin by its total destruction.
  • the polymers, produced with catalysts based on the invention show a high blue shift (negative b-values; color values are determined by using the CIE-Lab 100 color system with spectral reference beam color measuring instrument LUCI 100, Dr. Lange).
  • Polyesters, produced according to the invention employing a catalytic composition according to the invention show less by-products such as acetic aldehyde in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in comparison with conventional techniques.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • polyesters produced according to the process described in the invention are made by esterification or transesterification with the use of the composition of compound I and/or compound II described in the invention and optionally subsequent polycondensation.
  • Preferred polyesters according to the invention are a) polyethylene terephthalate (PET), containing 0.1-10 mass % di-ethylene glycol and 0-10 mass % of isophthalic acid, 2-hydroxyisophthalic acid, p-hydroxyisophthalic acid, 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid and/or 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanole as co-monomer; b) polyester for powder coatings mainly poly-2,2-dimethylpropyl-1,3-terephthalate; c) polypropylene terephthalate (PPT); d) polyester polyols as for example polydiethyleneglycol terephthalate; e) polybutylene terephthalate (PBT); f) polynaphthalene terephthalates (PNT), g) polyethylene naphthalate (PEN).
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PNT polynaphthalene terephthalates
  • PEN polyethylene na
  • heteroatom compound II dissolved in xylene (ethanol in the case of triphenylphosphine oxide) was given into the round bottom flask and stirred for 15 min.
  • the catalytic active system was obtained after removal of the solvent under reduced pressure.
  • Catalyst, neopentyl glycol and terephthalic acid were given into a 250 ml three-necked round bottom flask.
  • the mixture was heated to a maximum by the means of a heating jacket, the reaction water is distilled off and the amount formed is metered.
  • the reaction time equals the time between the first water formation and the “clear point” of the reaction.
  • Catalyst, neopentyl glycol and terephthalic acid are given into a 250 ml three-necked round bottom flask.
  • the mixture is heated to a maximum by the means of a heating jacket, the reaction water is distilled off and the amount is metered.
  • the reaction time equals the time between the first water formation and the “clear point” of the reaction.
  • Table 1 shows the acceleration of the reaction time in the described resin synthesis with the mixtures of (comparative) examples 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e and 1f, 1g in comparison with the uncatalized reaction or with monobutyltinoxide (0,05%[m/m]) as catalyst. TABLE 1 reaction time of the mixtures a-g.
  • a round glass flask with round bottom was used, (internal diameter 2,6 cm, and 35 cm height, described in T. Johnson, Chem. Fibers International 46 (1996) 280; 49 (1999) 455).
  • a horizontal vapor outlet was integrated into the upper third of the flask wall.
  • a further extension tube near the bottom of the vessel allowed sampling from the polymer melt.
  • the stirrer was a glassware screw mixer, reaching down to the ground (1,8 cm diameters). The mixer was operated with a rotation speed of 100 min ⁇ 1 and intermixed the melt with axially downward direction.
  • the relative solution viscosities ⁇ rel for PET were determined in phenol (3 parts)/dichlorobenzene (2 parts) mixtures using 0.5 percent solutions at 25° C. The conversion of the relative solution viscosities into the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] was done according to BILLMEIER.
  • ⁇ intr 1 4 ⁇ ⁇ rel - 1 c + 3 / 4 ⁇ ln ⁇ rel c
  • the color values were determined using the CIE-LAB-Farbsystem (color system) by the spectral reference beam color measuring instrument LUCI 100, Dr. Lange.
  • the device STA 625 of Polymer Laboratories was used for TG and DSC-measurements.
  • the COOH end groups were determined by potentiometric titration of a cresol solution of the polymers with diluted aqueous NaOH.
  • reaction vessel was placed into the salt bath. Recording of reaction time started now. Within 15 min the pressure was lowered from 100 mbar to 0,09 mbar. At the end of the reaction a pressure of 0,04 mbar was reached.
  • the following table 2 shows the results of the polycondensation experiments for the catalyst e in comparison to Sb- and Ti-based catalysts (table 3). Criteria of the catalyst activity are the attainable molar mass in specific time periods, the increasing influence of the thermal degradation, recognizable by the flattening of the P n -t-function as well as the color values of the polyester. The amount of the evolved ethanal (acetaldehyde) that directly correlates with the degree of thermal ester group cleavage is a further essential criterion of the catalyst suitability.
  • the color values in the tables show the discoloration of the product, the a-values representing green/red-gradients and the b-values representing blue/yellow-gradients.
  • tin compounds proved as high-activity catalysts for the polycondensation of BHET, which show significantly higher activity than stibious compounds. Their polytransesterification activity is superior to titanium alkoxides and titanium chelates. If required, they can be employed also in higher concentrations.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
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US10/536,869 2002-11-29 2003-11-25 Mixed catalyst composition Abandoned US20060052575A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10256084A DE10256084A1 (de) 2002-11-29 2002-11-29 Katalysatoren für die Herstellung von Polyestern, insbesondere Poly(alkylenterephthalaten), deren Verwendung und Verfahren zu deren Anwendung
DE10256084.6 2002-11-29
PCT/EP2003/013222 WO2004050597A1 (fr) 2002-11-29 2003-11-25 Composition catalytique mixte

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US10/536,658 Expired - Fee Related US7297804B2 (en) 2002-11-29 2003-11-25 Catalytic composition of organotin compounds
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EP2547712B1 (fr) 2010-03-17 2018-03-21 Reliance Industries Limited Système de catalyseur et procédé de préparation de résines, fibres, filaments et fils polyester à l'aide dudit système de catalyseur
KR102696070B1 (ko) * 2014-10-23 2024-08-16 인프리아 코포레이션 유기 금속 용액 기반의 고해상도 패터닝 조성물 및 상응하는 방법
CN114315789A (zh) * 2020-12-15 2022-04-12 江苏景宏新材料科技有限公司 一种l-丙交酯的制备方法

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DE10256084A1 (de) 2004-06-17
US7709409B2 (en) 2010-05-04
ES2340846T3 (es) 2010-06-10
BR0316449A (pt) 2005-10-11
PL208228B1 (pl) 2011-04-29
WO2004050597A1 (fr) 2004-06-17
US20070179045A1 (en) 2007-08-02
AU2003294725A1 (en) 2004-06-23
BR0316684A (pt) 2005-10-18
CN1717384B (zh) 2010-10-06
KR20060019504A (ko) 2006-03-03
US20060047101A1 (en) 2006-03-02
TWI332962B (en) 2010-11-11
KR100985797B1 (ko) 2010-10-06
ATE460449T1 (de) 2010-03-15
US7297804B2 (en) 2007-11-20
CA2498856A1 (fr) 2004-06-17
WO2004050742A1 (fr) 2004-06-17
CN1717384A (zh) 2006-01-04
CN1717431A (zh) 2006-01-04
CA2498856C (fr) 2011-12-20
EP1567473A1 (fr) 2005-08-31
TW200420606A (en) 2004-10-16
EP1565509A1 (fr) 2005-08-24
TW200422317A (en) 2004-11-01
AU2003302617A1 (en) 2004-06-23
TWI291474B (en) 2007-12-21
EP1565509B1 (fr) 2010-03-10
KR101004085B1 (ko) 2010-12-27
CA2507689A1 (fr) 2004-06-17
PL376899A1 (pl) 2006-01-09
KR20050086523A (ko) 2005-08-30
MXPA05005683A (es) 2005-11-23
DE60331672D1 (de) 2010-04-22
MXPA05005458A (es) 2005-10-19
PL376966A1 (pl) 2006-01-09

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