US20060002449A1 - Container for molten metal, use of the container and method for determining an interface - Google Patents
Container for molten metal, use of the container and method for determining an interface Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20060002449A1 US20060002449A1 US11/174,707 US17470705A US2006002449A1 US 20060002449 A1 US20060002449 A1 US 20060002449A1 US 17470705 A US17470705 A US 17470705A US 2006002449 A1 US2006002449 A1 US 2006002449A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- container
- sensor
- protective sheath
- temperature measuring
- container according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
- G01K1/08—Protective devices, e.g. casings
- G01K1/12—Protective devices, e.g. casings for preventing damage due to heat overloading
- G01K1/125—Protective devices, e.g. casings for preventing damage due to heat overloading for siderurgical use
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D2/00—Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass
- B22D2/003—Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass for the level of the molten metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D2/00—Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass
- B22D2/006—Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass for the temperature of the molten metal
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
- G01K1/08—Protective devices, e.g. casings
- G01K1/10—Protective devices, e.g. casings for preventing chemical attack
- G01K1/105—Protective devices, e.g. casings for preventing chemical attack for siderurgical use
Definitions
- the invention relates to a container for molten metals with a temperature measuring device arranged in an opening of a container wall, wherein the temperature measuring device has a protective sheath, which projects into the container and which is closed at its end arranged in the container, and a temperature measuring element arranged in an opening of the protective sheath.
- the invention relates to the use of the container, as well as to a method for determining an interface between two materials arranged one above the other in a container, particularly between a slag layer and underlying steel melts.
- thermocouple in a wall of a steel ladle.
- the thermocouple is arranged in a steel tube, which is surrounded by a ceramic protective layer.
- German Patent DE 1 054 735 discloses a smelting crucible for metals, in whose side wall a temperature sensor is inserted.
- the temperature sensor has a protective tube made of a metal-ceramic material, such as molybdenum and aluminum oxide.
- the protective tube projects with its tip approximately 25 mm into the side of the smelting space.
- thermocouple for molten iron, in whose side wall a thermocouple is arranged.
- the thermocouple is protected by a conical protective sheath made of aluminum oxide and silicon oxide.
- a similar container is known from European Patent EP 314 807 B1. Also in this container, a thermocouple is led through the wall into the interior of the container.
- the thermocouple is protected by an aluminum oxide tube which, in turn, is surrounded by a boron nitride protective sheath in the interior of the container.
- the invention is based on the problem of improving a container for molten metals, such that the temperature of the melt located therein can be measured as accurately as possible over a longer time period.
- the invention is further based on the problem of further improving the known method for determining the interface level.
- a container for molten metal with a temperature measuring device arranged in an opening of a container wall, wherein the temperature measuring device has a protective sheath, which projects into the container and which is closed on its end arranged in the container, and a temperature measuring element arranged in an opening of the protective sheath, characterized in that the protective sheath comprises a mixture of a heat-resistant metal oxide and graphite and that the closed end is spaced at least 50 mm from the container wall.
- the container characterized above has a protective sheath made of a heat-resistant metal oxide and graphite, and because the closed end of the protective sheath is spaced at least 50 mm, preferably approximately 75 to 200 mm, from the container wall, the actual temperature of the molten metal can be measured without cooling effects, possibly coming from the crucible wall, influencing the measurement values.
- the protective sheath is sufficiently resistant to aggressive molten metal, particularly molten steel, and thus is suitable for long-term use.
- the temperature measuring element with the protective sheath can preferably be arranged in the base (floor) of the container, so that it can also be used for measurements with low filling levels.
- the protective sheath preferably consists essentially of aluminum oxide and graphite, wherein aluminum oxide can comprise particularly a portion of approximately 20 to approximately 80 wt. % and graphite a portion of approximately 5 to approximately 60 wt. %.
- the protective sheath can also contain carbon in a different form than graphite and/or other refractory oxides.
- the temperature measuring element preferably a thermocouple
- a protective tube which is preferably formed of aluminum oxide. It is beneficial if the outer diameter of the protective tube is approximately 0.1 to 1 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the opening of the protective sheath.
- the protective sheath can have, at least in one part of its length, an outer conical form with a diameter becoming smaller towards the interior of the container, in order to enable secure mounting in the container wall and sufficient stability of the protective sheath.
- a sensor projecting into the interior of the container is arranged on the protective sheath for determining a change in material or a change of material properties, particularly an electrochemical, electromagnetic, or optical sensor or a sensor for detecting an electrical voltage and/or an electrical current and/or an electrical resistance. In this manner, interface measurements become possible between the molten metal, particularly the molten steel, and the above-lying slag.
- a bushing made of refractory material preferably made of mullite, is arranged in the opening of the container wall between the container wall and the protective sheath, wherein the bushing can have a conical shape with a diameter becoming smaller towards the interior of the container.
- the container can be used as a foundry ladle, particularly for molten steel.
- the molten metal is always moving in a foundry ladle, a so-called tundish, so that a particularly high stability is required for the measuring device projecting relatively far into the container.
- the foundry ladle is typically pre-heated, so that the measuring device is also pre-heated. This leads to very short reaction times, so that the temperature measuring device very quickly reaches its equilibrium temperature with the melt, and the measurement can be performed very quickly.
- a sensor for determining a change in material or a change of material properties particularly an electrochemical, electromagnetic, or optical sensor or a sensor for detecting an electrical voltage and/or an electrical current and/or an electrical resistance is arranged within the lower material contained in the container.
- the measurement signal of the electrochemical sensor is measured during the pouring out or outflow of the material from the container, and a change in the signal is established when the sensor contacts the interface between the materials.
- the signal change is associated with the distance of the interface from the floor of the container.
- the measurement signal is simultaneously used to send a signal to the device controlling the pouring or outflow process, on the basis of which the pouring or outflow process is terminated.
- the device Despite the relatively large length by which the protective sheath projects into the melt, the device has sufficient stability, so that a measurement of the temperature of the molten metal and a measurement of the position of the interface between the molten metal and the above-lying slag is possible.
- FIG. 1 is a view of a longitudinal cross section through the temperature measuring device, according to an embodiment of the invention, arranged in the container wall;
- FIG. 2 is a partial longitudinal view of the closed end of the temperature measuring device with electrochemical sensor, according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the measuring device has a bushing 1 made of mullite. This is arranged in the floor of a foundry ladle for molten steel, which is not shown for reasons of clarity. Such foundry ladles are known in expert circles, for example from the already mentioned U.S. Pat. No. 6,309,442 B1 (cf. FIG. 1 , numeral 16 ).
- the protective sheath 2 is arranged in the bushing 1 .
- the protective sheath 2 consists essentially of a mixture of aluminum oxide and graphite.
- the protective sheath 2 has a conical profile at least in the part arranged in the bushing 1 . This enables easier removal from the bushing 1 for exchanging the protective sheath 2 with the temperature measuring element 3 .
- the temperature measuring element 3 is surrounded by a closed aluminum oxide tube 4 within the protective sheath 2 .
- the protective sheath 2 is fixed into the bushing 1 by refractory cement 5 .
- the tip of the protective sheath 2 projects approximately 120 mm into the foundry ladle, so that the measurement performed at the tip of the temperature measuring element 3 remains uninfluenced by wall effects of the foundry ladle.
- the end of the temperature measuring element 3 facing away from the interior of the foundry ladle has a so-called connector 6 , which serves as the mechanical and electrical contact with the measuring element 3 .
- the entire arrangement made of the mullite of the bushing 1 and the protective sheath 2 fixed by the cement 5 comprises a dense, powder-free material, so that there is no leakage in case a break of one part of the arrangement occurs, and molten metal cannot escape from the foundry ladle.
- FIG. 2 shows the tip of the protective sheath 2 , which projects into the foundry ladle, with the temperature measuring element 3 and an electrochemical sensor 7 .
- the electrochemical sensor 7 projects out of the protective sheath 2 and is fixed with refractory cement 8 .
- the aluminum oxide tube 4 is also fixed in the refractory cement 8 .
- the electrochemical sensor is a typical electrochemical sensor having a zirconium dioxide tube 9 as solid electrolyte material, in which the reference electrode 10 is arranged in a reference material 11 and a filling material 12 .
- Such electrochemical sensors are known in principle, for example from U.S. Pat. No. 4,342,633.
- the temperature measuring element 3 is formed from a thermocouple, wherein the outer sheath comprises aluminum oxide, and one of the two thermal wires 13 extends into an aluminum oxide tube 14 that is open on both sides. All of the electrical lines lead through the aluminum oxide tube 4 into the connector 6 and can be further connected there to a measuring device.
- the voltage generated by the electrochemical sensor 7 essentially depends on the measurement environment. Therefore, a change in voltage occurs immediately as soon as this environment changes. This is the case, for example, when the liquid level of the molten steel located in the foundry ladle falls and the electrochemical sensor 7 comes into contact with the slag layer arranged above the melt. Therefore, an exact determination of the height of this interface between the molten steel and slag above the floor of the foundry ladle is possible. As soon as the electrochemical sensor 7 detects the interface, for example by another signal, the outflow of the molten steel from the foundry ladle can be terminated by closing the outlet.
- electrochemical sensors 7 it is also possible to arrange several electrochemical sensors 7 over the periphery of the protective sheath 2 spaced in the longitudinal direction, so that the change of the bath level of the molten metal can also be established.
- electrochemical sensor other sensors can also be used for establishing the change of the material properties in the interface region of the molten steel and slag, particularly electrochemical, electromagnetic, or optical sensors or sensors for detecting an electrical voltage and/or an electrical current and/or an electrical resistance.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
- Investigating And Analyzing Materials By Characteristic Methods (AREA)
- Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Measuring Oxygen Concentration In Cells (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/586,091 US9829385B2 (en) | 2004-07-05 | 2014-12-30 | Container for molten metal, use of the container and method for determining an interface |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004032561.8 | 2004-07-05 | ||
DE102004032561A DE102004032561B3 (de) | 2004-07-05 | 2004-07-05 | Behälter für Metallschmelze sowie Verwendung des Behälters |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/586,091 Continuation US9829385B2 (en) | 2004-07-05 | 2014-12-30 | Container for molten metal, use of the container and method for determining an interface |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20060002449A1 true US20060002449A1 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
Family
ID=35034370
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/174,707 Abandoned US20060002449A1 (en) | 2004-07-05 | 2005-07-05 | Container for molten metal, use of the container and method for determining an interface |
US14/586,091 Active 2026-10-27 US9829385B2 (en) | 2004-07-05 | 2014-12-30 | Container for molten metal, use of the container and method for determining an interface |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/586,091 Active 2026-10-27 US9829385B2 (en) | 2004-07-05 | 2014-12-30 | Container for molten metal, use of the container and method for determining an interface |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20060002449A1 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP1614489A1 (ko) |
JP (2) | JP4814559B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR20060049847A (ko) |
CN (2) | CN1721106B (ko) |
AR (1) | AR050074A1 (ko) |
AU (1) | AU2005202743B2 (ko) |
BR (1) | BRPI0502733B1 (ko) |
CA (2) | CA2669952C (ko) |
DE (1) | DE102004032561B3 (ko) |
MX (1) | MXPA05007041A (ko) |
RU (1) | RU2375149C2 (ko) |
TW (2) | TWI417154B (ko) |
UA (1) | UA85831C2 (ko) |
ZA (1) | ZA200505377B (ko) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100207306A1 (en) * | 2009-02-18 | 2010-08-19 | Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. | Temperature measuring device |
US9182291B2 (en) | 2012-03-14 | 2015-11-10 | Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. | Device for measuring temperature in molten metal |
US9829385B2 (en) | 2004-07-05 | 2017-11-28 | Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. | Container for molten metal, use of the container and method for determining an interface |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007032694A1 (de) | 2007-07-13 | 2009-01-22 | Kutzner, Dieter, Dipl.-Ing. | Schutzhülle für ein Temperaturmesselement |
GB0721683D0 (en) * | 2007-11-05 | 2007-12-19 | Pilkington Automotive D Gmbh | Wired glazing |
EP2338621A1 (de) | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-29 | SMS Concast AG | Stopfen für einen Stopfenverschluss in einem metallurgischen Gefäss |
CN104101403A (zh) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-10-15 | 南通高新工业炉有限公司 | 一种铝液下限位测试装置 |
CN106734996A (zh) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-05-31 | 珠海肯赛科有色金属有限公司 | 一种铸件实凝固测温方法 |
ES2949545T3 (es) | 2018-02-28 | 2023-09-29 | Heraeus Electro Nite Int | Método y aparato para monitorizar un proceso de colada de acero continuo |
EP3581914B1 (en) | 2018-06-12 | 2023-06-07 | Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. | Molten metal samplers for high and low oxygen applications |
US11175187B2 (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2021-11-16 | Unison Industries, Llc | Air temperature sensor having a bushing |
DE102019118105A1 (de) * | 2019-07-04 | 2021-01-07 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Behältervorrichtung für Metallschmelzen und Fahrzeug |
CN112338152B (zh) * | 2020-11-24 | 2022-05-06 | 沈阳铸造研究所有限公司 | 一种液态金属冷却定向凝固铸件及型壳温度的测量方法 |
DE102021119770A1 (de) * | 2021-07-29 | 2023-02-02 | Endress+Hauser Wetzer Gmbh+Co. Kg | Diagnose eines Thermometers |
CN114812862A (zh) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-07-29 | 新美光(苏州)半导体科技有限公司 | 测温装置及化学气相沉积设备 |
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-
2004
- 2004-07-05 DE DE102004032561A patent/DE102004032561B3/de not_active Revoked
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2005
- 2005-06-14 CA CA2669952A patent/CA2669952C/en active Active
- 2005-06-14 CA CA2509893A patent/CA2509893C/en active Active
- 2005-06-21 EP EP20050013308 patent/EP1614489A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-06-23 AU AU2005202743A patent/AU2005202743B2/en active Active
- 2005-06-27 TW TW101124505A patent/TWI417154B/zh active
- 2005-06-27 TW TW094121445A patent/TWI399252B/zh active
- 2005-06-28 MX MXPA05007041A patent/MXPA05007041A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2005-06-29 JP JP2005189712A patent/JP4814559B2/ja active Active
- 2005-07-04 BR BRPI0502733A patent/BRPI0502733B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2005-07-04 ZA ZA200505377A patent/ZA200505377B/en unknown
- 2005-07-04 AR ARP050102774A patent/AR050074A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2005-07-04 UA UAA200506567A patent/UA85831C2/uk unknown
- 2005-07-04 CN CN2005100833139A patent/CN1721106B/zh active Active
- 2005-07-04 CN CN2010106100170A patent/CN102039382A/zh active Pending
- 2005-07-04 RU RU2005120921/02A patent/RU2375149C2/ru active
- 2005-07-05 US US11/174,707 patent/US20060002449A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-07-05 KR KR1020050060174A patent/KR20060049847A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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2008
- 2008-12-22 JP JP2008325957A patent/JP2009156867A/ja active Pending
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2014
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Cited By (6)
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US9829385B2 (en) | 2004-07-05 | 2017-11-28 | Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. | Container for molten metal, use of the container and method for determining an interface |
US20100207306A1 (en) * | 2009-02-18 | 2010-08-19 | Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. | Temperature measuring device |
US20110094920A1 (en) * | 2009-02-18 | 2011-04-28 | Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. | Container for molten metal |
US8071012B2 (en) | 2009-02-18 | 2011-12-06 | Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. | Temperature measuring device |
US8236234B2 (en) | 2009-02-18 | 2012-08-07 | Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. | Container for molten metal |
US9182291B2 (en) | 2012-03-14 | 2015-11-10 | Heraeus Electro-Nite International N.V. | Device for measuring temperature in molten metal |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1721106B (zh) | 2011-02-09 |
RU2005120921A (ru) | 2007-02-10 |
AU2005202743A1 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
TW200611765A (en) | 2006-04-16 |
US20150177074A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
CN102039382A (zh) | 2011-05-04 |
TWI399252B (zh) | 2013-06-21 |
CA2509893A1 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
CA2509893C (en) | 2011-02-01 |
JP2006053128A (ja) | 2006-02-23 |
RU2375149C2 (ru) | 2009-12-10 |
ZA200505377B (en) | 2006-04-26 |
US9829385B2 (en) | 2017-11-28 |
UA85831C2 (uk) | 2009-03-10 |
MXPA05007041A (es) | 2006-01-11 |
BRPI0502733A (pt) | 2007-02-27 |
EP1614489A1 (de) | 2006-01-11 |
CN1721106A (zh) | 2006-01-18 |
JP2009156867A (ja) | 2009-07-16 |
CA2669952A1 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
BRPI0502733B1 (pt) | 2019-09-10 |
AR050074A1 (es) | 2006-09-27 |
DE102004032561B3 (de) | 2006-02-09 |
JP4814559B2 (ja) | 2011-11-16 |
KR20060049847A (ko) | 2006-05-19 |
AU2005202743B2 (en) | 2007-09-06 |
CA2669952C (en) | 2012-07-24 |
TW201249562A (en) | 2012-12-16 |
TWI417154B (zh) | 2013-12-01 |
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