US20040038122A1 - Laminate cell, assembled battery, battery module and electric vehicle - Google Patents

Laminate cell, assembled battery, battery module and electric vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040038122A1
US20040038122A1 US10/640,029 US64002903A US2004038122A1 US 20040038122 A1 US20040038122 A1 US 20040038122A1 US 64002903 A US64002903 A US 64002903A US 2004038122 A1 US2004038122 A1 US 2004038122A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
positive
negative
tab
leads
electrode plates
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US10/640,029
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English (en)
Inventor
Yasunari Hisamitsu
Takaaki Abe
Takanori Ito
Osamu Shimamura
Takamitsu Saito
Hideaki Horie
Hiroshi Sugawara
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Publication date
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Assigned to NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. reassignment NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ABE, TAKAAKI, HISAMITSU, YASUNARI, HORIE, HIDEAKI, ITO, TAKANORI, SAITO, TAKAMITSU, SHIMAMURA, OSAMU, SUGAWARA, HIROSHI
Publication of US20040038122A1 publication Critical patent/US20040038122A1/en
Priority to US12/791,641 priority Critical patent/US20100239902A1/en
Priority to US12/824,763 priority patent/US8426060B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0413—Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0463—Cells or batteries with horizontal or inclined electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/105—Pouches or flexible bags
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/534—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the material of the leads or tabs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H01M50/548—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on opposite sides of the cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
    • H01M50/557—Plate-shaped terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/562—Terminals characterised by the material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
    • Y10T29/4911—Electric battery cell making including sealing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a laminate cell having a structure, in which pluralities of positive and negative electrode plates are alternately stacked while interposing separators therebetween to configure a power generating element, and the positive and negative electrode plates of the power generating element are connected to positive and negative tabs through pluralities of positive and negative leads, respectively.
  • the present invention also relates to an assembled battery, a battery module and an electric vehicle, all of which use this laminate cell.
  • this type of high-power battery for example, there is a lithium ion battery.
  • this type of battery there is a laminate cell formed by stacking flat positive and negative electrode plates upon one another while interposing separators therebetween.
  • this laminate cell uses, as a cell package, a laminate film formed by stacking a metal film and a polymer film.
  • the laminate film is referred to as a metal composite film.
  • This laminate cell is constructed in a such manner that a power generating element composed of positive and negative electrode plates and separators, all of which have an approximately rectangular flat shape, are hermetically sealed together with an electrolyte by the cell package made of the metal composite film, and a positive tab connected to the positive electrode plates of the power generating element and a negative tab connected to the negative electrode plates thereof are drawn outward from the end edges of the cell package.
  • the laminate cell thus constructed has an advantage in that it is easier to reduce the weight and thickness thereof in comparison with one which uses a metal can as the cell package.
  • the respective positive electrode plates of the power generating element are connected to the positive tab through positive leads, and the respective negative electrode plates thereof are connected to the negative tab through negative leads.
  • one end of the positive tab is drawn to the outside of the cell package, and onto the other end thereof, the plurality of positive leads from the respective positive electrode plates of the stacked electrode are joined.
  • one end of the negative tab is drawn to the outside of the cell package, and onto the other end thereof, the plurality of negative leads from the respective negative electrode plates of the stacked electrode are joined.
  • the present invention was made in consideration of the above-described problems. It is an object of the present invention to provide a highly reliable laminate cell which avoids the problem of an occurrence of a short circuit between the metal film of the metal composite film for use in the cell package and the positive or negative tab, or between the metal film and the positive or negative leads, and to provide an assembled battery, a battery module and an electric vehicle, all of which use this laminate cell.
  • the first aspect of the present invention provides a laminate cell, comprising: a power generating element formed by sequentially stacking positive electrode plates and negative electrode plates while interposing separators therebetween; a positive tab connected to the positive electrode plates through a plurality of positive leads; a negative tab connected to the negative electrode plates through a plurality of negative leads; and a cell package formed of a metal composite film, the cell package hermetically sealing the power generating element and an electrolyte, wherein a heat capacity of a portion of the positive tab, onto which a plurality of the positive leads are joined, and a heat capacity of a portion of the negative tab, onto which a plurality of the negative leads are joined, are made larger than that of other portions of the positive tab and the negative tab.
  • the second aspect of the present invention provides a laminate cell, comprising: a power generating element formed by sequentially stacking positive electrode plates and negative electrode plates while interposing separators therebetween; a positive tab connected to the positive electrode plates through a plurality of positive leads; a negative tab connected to the negative electrode plates through a plurality of negative leads; and a cell package formed of a metal composite film hermetically sealing the power generating element and an electrolyte, wherein insulating tapes having an electrical insulating property are adhered to a portion of the positive tab, onto which the plurality of positive leads are joined, and a portion of the negative tab, onto which the plurality of negative leads are joined.
  • the third aspect of the present invention provides an assembled battery, comprising: a single cell including a power generating element formed by sequentially stacking positive electrode plates and negative electrode plates while interposing separators therebetween; a positive tab connected to the positive electrode plates through a plurality of positive leads; a negative tab connected to the negative electrode plates through a plurality of negative leads; and a cell package formed of a metal composite film, the cell package hermetically sealing the power generating element and an electrolyte, wherein a heat capacity of a portion of the positive tab, onto which a plurality of the positive leads are joined, and a heat capacity of a portion of the negative tab, onto which a plurality of the negative leads are joined, are made larger than that of other portions of the positive tab and the negative tab, and the assembled battery is formed by interconnecting any of a plurality of the single cells and a plurality of single cell groups electrically in series, each of the single cell group being formed by interconnecting a plurality of the single cells electrically in parallel.
  • the fourth aspect of the present invention provides a battery module, comprising: an assembled battery having a single cell including a power generating element formed by sequentially stacking positive electrode plates and negative electrode plates while interposing separators therebetween; a positive tab connected to the positive electrode plates through a plurality of positive leads; a negative tab connected to the negative electrode plates through a plurality of negative leads; and a cell package formed of a metal composite film, the cell package hermetically sealing the power generating element and an electrolyte, wherein a heat capacity of a portion of the positive tab, onto which a plurality of the positive leads are joined, and a heat capacity of a portion of the negative tab, onto which a plurality of the negative leads are joined, are made larger than that of other portions of the positive tab and the negative tab, the assembled battery is formed by interconnecting any of a plurality of the single cells and a plurality of single cell groups electrically in series, each of the single cell group being formed by interconnecting a plurality of the single cells electrically
  • the fifth aspect of the present invention provides An electric vehicle, comprising: a battery module comprising: an assembled battery having a single cell including a power generating element formed by sequentially stacking positive electrode plates and negative electrode plates while interposing separators therebetween; a positive tab connected to the positive electrode plates through a plurality of positive leads; a negative tab connected to the negative electrode plates through a plurality of negative leads; and a cell package formed of a metal composite film, the cell package hermetically sealing the power generating element and an electrolyte, wherein a heat capacity of a portion of the positive tab, onto which a plurality of the positive leads are joined, and a heat capacity of a portion of the negative tab, onto which a plurality of the negative leads are joined, are made larger than that of other portions of the positive tab and the negative tab, the assembled battery is formed by interconnecting any of a plurality of the single cells and a plurality of single cell groups electrically in series, each of the single cell group being formed by interconnecting a plurality
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view illustrating an example of a laminate cell according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view taken on line II-II of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of portion III in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a substantially enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating another example of the laminate cell according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a substantially enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating another example of the laminate cell according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a side view illustrating an example of an assembled battery according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a side view illustrating another example of the assembled battery according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view illustrating a battery module according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a drive source of an electric vehicle according to the present invention.
  • a laminate cell of this embodiment includes stacked electrodes 2 as a power generating element.
  • the stacked electrode 2 is located at the center between a pair of metal composite films 3 a and 3 b constituting the cell package 3 , and is hermetically sealed together with an electrolyte so as to be sandwiched between the pair of metal composite films 3 a and 3 b in the thickness direction.
  • the stacked electrode 2 as the power generating element is formed by sequentially stacking the pluralities of positive and negative electrode plates 2 A and 2 B while interposing the separators 2 C therebetween.
  • the respective positive electrode plates 2 A constituting the stacked electrodes 2 are connected to the positive tab 5 (electrode terminal) through the positive leads 4 .
  • the respective negative electrode plates 2 B constituting the stacked electrodes 2 are connected to the negative tab 7 (electrode terminal) through the negative leads 6 .
  • Each of the positive and negative leads 4 and 6 is formed of metal foil.
  • the positive leads 4 are made of aluminum foil, and the negative leads 6 are formed of copper foil.
  • the positive leads drawn from the positive electrode plates 2 A are layered and joined onto the positive tab 5 using a technique such as welding.
  • the negative leads 6 drawn from the negative electrode plates 2 B are layered and joined onto the negative tab 7 using a technique such as welding.
  • Each of the positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 is formed of a metal plate.
  • the positive tab 5 is formed of an aluminum plate
  • the negative tab 7 is formed of a nickel plate.
  • one ends of the positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 are drawn outside the cell package 3 and are defined as positive and negative terminals, respectively.
  • the plurality of positive leads 4 drawn from the positive electrode plates 2 A and the plurality of negative leads 6 drawn from the negative electrode plates 2 B are layered and joined individually.
  • the thickness T 1 of the other end (hereinafter, referred to as “junction portion 5 a ”) of the positive tab 5 , onto which the plurality of positive leads 4 are layered and joined, is made larger than the thickness T 2 of the other portion of the positive tab 5 .
  • the thickness of the other end (hereinafter, referred to as “junction portion 7 a ”) of the negative tab 7 , onto which the plurality of negative leads 6 are layered and joined, is made larger than the thickness of the other portion of the negative tab 7 in a similar way.
  • junction portions 5 a and 7 a are made larger, and thus the heat capacities of these junction portions 5 a and 7 a can be increased, and the temperature increase in the positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 can be controlled even when a large current is carried therethrough.
  • the temperatures of the positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 are prone to increase when a large current is carried therethrough.
  • the thicknesses of these junction portions 5 a and 7 a are made larger when compared to the other portions' thicknesses, and an increase of the heat capacities thereof is achieved. Therefore, the temperature increase of the positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 can be effectively controlled.
  • a method for increasing the thicknesses of the junction portions 5 a and 7 a so as to be larger than those of the other portions is not particularly limited.
  • the plates when metal plates serving as these positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 are formed, the plates maybe formed so as to be partially thick, and thickly formed portions may be defined as junction portions 5 a and 7 a .
  • metal paste may be partially coated on flat metal plates to increase the thicknesses of portions coated therewith, and these portions may be defined as junction portions 5 a and 7 a.
  • each of the pair of metal composite films 3 a and 3 b constituting the cell package 3 is formed in the manner described below.
  • the metal layer 8 made of aluminum or the like is used as a base material
  • the resin layer 9 made of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) or the like is coated on the inside surface of the metal layer 8
  • a protection layer (not shown) such as nylon is adhered onto the outside surface of the metal layer.
  • the metal composite film 3 a of the pair of metal composite films 3 a and 3 b is formed into a cup shape, in which the concave portion 10 housing the stacked electrode 2 is provided on the center portion.
  • the metal composite film 3 b is formed flat so as to cover the opening portion of the concave portion 10 .
  • the stacked electrode 2 is housed together with the electrolyte in the concave portion 10 provided in the metal composite film 3 a , and the flat metal composite film 3 b is disposed so as to cover the concave portion 10 , followed by heat sealing of the outer circumferential portions of the pair of metal composite films 3 a and 3 b .
  • a structure is made, in which the stacked electrode 2 is hermetically sealed together with the electrolyte by the cell package 3 .
  • the thicknesses of the junction portions 5 a and 7 a are increased so as to be larger than those of the other portions, and thus the heat capacities of these junction portions are increased, and the excessive temperature increase of the positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 is effectively controlled. Therefore, the problems as described above can be avoided, and high reliability can be ensured.
  • the increase of the entire thicknesses of the positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 is also considered as a method for controlling the temperature increase of the positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 .
  • the laminate cell 1 of this embodiment only the thicknesses of junction portions 5 a and 7 a of the positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 , upon which heat is most concentrated, are made larger.
  • control of the temperature increase of the positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 is achieved. Accordingly, the above-mentioned problem of the short circuit can be avoided, while maintaining the sealing capabilities on the edges of the cell package 3 , and both durability and reliability can be ensured.
  • the laminate cell 1 of the present embodiment can be employed as a lithium ion secondary battery.
  • the materials of the lithium ion battery are additionally explained.
  • a compound is contained that includes lithium nickel composite oxides, in particular, compounds expressed by a general formula LiNi 1 ⁇ x M x O 2 .
  • x lies in a range of 0.01 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5
  • M represents at least one element selected from iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), tin (Sn), boron (B), gallium (Ga), chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and strontium (Sr).
  • the positive electrode may contain positive electrode active material other than the lithium nickel composite oxides.
  • This material may include lithium manganese composite oxides that form compounds expressed by a general formula Li y Mn 2-z Mn 2-z M′ z O 4 .
  • y lies in a range of 0.9 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.2 while z lies in a range of 0.01 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.5
  • M′ represents at least one element selected from Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Sn, B, Ga, Cr, V, Ti, Mg, Ca and Sr.
  • this material may include lithium cobalt composite oxides that form compounds expressed by a general formula LiCo 1-x M′′ x O 2 .
  • x lies in a range of 0.01 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5
  • M′′ represents at least one element selected from Fe, Ni, Mn, Cu, Zn, Al, Sn, B, Ga, Cr, V, Ti, Mg, Ca and Sr.
  • lithium nickel composite oxides the lithium manganese composite oxides and the lithium cobalt composite oxides
  • these compounds may be obtained by mixing carbonates such as lithium, nickel, manganese and cobalt at ratios depending on constituents thereof and baking these carbonates in a temperature ranging from 600° C. to 1000° C.
  • the starting materials may not be limited to the carbonates and can also be similarly synthesized from hydroxides, oxides, nitrates and organic acid salts.
  • the positive electrode material such as the lithium nickel composite oxides and the lithium manganese composite oxides should preferably have an average particle size of 30 ⁇ m or below.
  • the negative electrode plate 2 B of the stacked electrode 2 is formed of the negative electrode active material with a specific surface area in a range from 0.05 m 2 /g to 2 m 2 /g.
  • SEI layer solid electrolyte interface layer
  • the negative electrode active material having a specific surface area of less than 0.05 m 2 /g, since the area available for lithium ions to transfer is extremely small, the lithium ions doped into the negative electrode active material during the charging cycle become too hard to be sufficiently doped out from the negative electrode active material during the discharging cycle, resulting in deterioration in the charging and discharging efficiency. Conversely, with the negative electrode active material having a specific surface area of greater than 2 m 2 /g, it is difficult to control an excessive amount of the SEI layer from being formed on the negative electrode surface.
  • the negative electrode active material may include any material that allows the lithium ions to be doped into or out of the material at a voltage versus lithium of less than 2.0 volts. More particularly, carbonaceous materials maybe used which involve a non-graphitizable carbon material, artificial graphite, natural graphite, pyrolytic graphite, cokes including pitch coke, needle coke and petroleum coke, graphite, glassy carbon, a sintered material of polymers formed by baking and carbonizing phenol resin or furan resin at an appropriate temperature, carbon fiber, activated carbon and carbon black.
  • a metal that is able to form an alloy with lithium, and an alloy thereof can also be used and, in particular, these materials include oxide products or nitride products, that allow the lithium ions to be doped into or out of the material at a relatively low voltage potential, such as iron oxide, ruthenium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, tin oxide and main group elements of group 13 .
  • these materials include elements such as silicon (Si) and tin (Sn), or alloys of Si and Sn represented by a formula M x Si and M x Sn (wherein M represents more than one metallic element except for Si or Sn). Among these, it is particularly preferable for Si or the Si alloys to be used.
  • the electrolyte may include a liquid state, a so-called electrolysis solution composed of electrolyte salts dissolved in and adjusted in a non-aqueous solvent, polymer gel electrolyte composed of the electrolyte salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent which is retained in a polymer matrix, and polymer electrolyte composed of the electrolyte salt dissolved in the polymer.
  • the polymer to be used includes poly(vinylidene fluoride) and polyacrylonitrile. Also, when using the polymer electrolyte, a polymer of polyethylene oxide (PEO) may be used.
  • PEO polyethylene oxide
  • the non-aqueous solvent may include any kind of solvent if it remains in a non-aqueous solvent heretofore used in a secondary battery using such kinds of non-aqueous electrolyte.
  • the non-aqueous solvent propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, diethylether, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, acetonitrile and propionitrile can be used.
  • these non-aqueous solvents may be used as a single kind or in a mixture of more than two kinds.
  • the non-aqueous solvent should preferably contain an unsaturated carbonate.
  • the presence of the unsaturated carbonate contained as the non-aqueous solvent enables an effect, derived in the negative electrode active material from the property (a function of a protective layer) of the SEI layer, to be obtained and it is conceivable that an excessive discharging-resistant characteristic is further improved.
  • the unsaturated carbonate should be preferably contained in the electrolyte in a range from 0.05 wt % to 5 wt % and, more preferably, in a range from 0.5 wt % to 3 wt %. With the amount of content of the unsaturated carbonate being weighed in the above range, a non-aqueous secondary battery is provided which has a high initial discharging capacity with a high energy density.
  • the electrolyte salt may not be limited to a particular composition provided that it forms a lithium salt presenting an ion conductivity and may include LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiB(C 6 H 5 ) 4 , LiCl, LiBr, CH 3 SO 3 Li and CF 3 SO 3 Li.
  • the electrolyte salt may be used as a single kind or may be possibly used in a mixture of more than two kinds.
  • the laminate cell 1 of the present invention has been specifically described above in a case where the laminate cell 1 is employed as the lithium ion secondary battery.
  • the present invention is not limited to the lithiumion secondary battery, and can be applied to a cell having a similar constitution.
  • the positive tab 5 is formed flat, and endothermic material 12 is provided on the junction portion 5 a of the positive tab 5 , onto which the plurality of positive leads 4 are joined.
  • the negative tab 7 is formed flat in a similar way.
  • the endothermic material 12 is provided on the junction portion 7 a of the negative tab 7 , onto which the plurality of negative leads 6 are joined.
  • the laminate cell 11 is such that the endothermic material 12 is provided on the junction portions 5 a and 7 a , and thus the heat capacities of the junction portions 5 a and 7 a are increased, and it is made possible to effectively control the temperature increase of the positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 .
  • Other configurations of the laminate cell 11 are similar to those of the above-mentioned laminate cell 1 of the first embodiment, and therefore, in FIG. 4, the same reference numerals are added to these similar portions, and repeated description will be omitted.
  • the endothermic material 12 provided on the junction portions 5 a and 7 a is formed by coating a resin having a larger heat capacity per unit weight than those of the positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 .
  • a resin having a larger heat capacity per unit weight than those of the positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 As the resin used for the endothermic material 12 , for example, polyolefin is listed. Polyolefin has a large heat capacity per unit weight among resins, and is suitable for the endothermic material 12 in the laminate cell 11 of this embodiment.
  • this polyolefin may be singly coated on the junction portions 5 a and 7 a to be used as the endothermic material 12 .
  • other substances may be contained in polyolefin to form a composite material, and this composite material may be coated on the junction portions 5 a and 7 a to be used as the endothermic material 12 .
  • metal particles or ceramic particles may be mixed into polyolefin to form a composite material, and this composite material may be coated onto the junction portions 5 a and 7 a to be used as the endothermic material 12 .
  • the metal particles and the ceramic particles have extremely large heat capacities. Therefore, in the case of using the composite material in which the metal or ceramic particles, as described above, are mixed into polyolefin, the heat capacities of the junction portions 5 a and 7 a can be further increased.
  • a phase change material absorbing heat by a phase change may be mixed as microparticle or microcapsules into polyolefin to form the composite material, and this composite material may be coated on the junction portions 5 a and the junction portion 7 a to be used as the endothermic material 12 .
  • the phase change material exerts an endothermic function when a phase change occurs following the temperature increase. Accordingly, in the case of using the composite material in which the phase change material as described above is mixed as microparticles or microcapsules into polyolefin, the heat capacities of the junction portions 5 a and 7 a can be further increased.
  • phase change material into the microcapsules it is satisfactory for the preparation of the phase change material into the microcapsules, to be performed by a known method such as, for example, a method for forming a coating film by coating appropriate microparticles on a solid phase change material by means of an air suspension coating process.
  • endothermic material 12 is provided on the junction portions 5 a and 7 a on which heat is prone to be concentrated when a large current is carried therethrough, the increase of the heat capacities of the junction portions 5 a and 7 a is achieved, and the temperature increase of the positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 is controlled. Accordingly, high reliability, even when a large current is carried, can be realized similarly to the above-mentioned laminate cell 11 of the first embodiment.
  • resin having a larger heat capacity per unit weight in comparison with those of the positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 is coated on the junction portions 5 a and 7 a to be used as endothermic material 12 . This is advantageous in reducing the entire weight of the laminate cell 11 .
  • a structure is made, in which the insulating tape 14 having an electrical insulating property is adhered to the junction portion 5 a of the positive tab 5 , onto which the plurality of positive leads 4 are joined, and to vicinities thereof. Moreover, though not shown, the insulating tape 14 is adhered to the junction portion 7 a of the negative tab 7 , onto which the plurality of negative leads 6 are joined, and to vicinities thereof.
  • the laminate cell 13 of this embodiment for the insulating tape 14 , any kind can be used, if a good electrical insulating property can be obtained.
  • Kapton® tape polyimide tape
  • This type of insulating tape 14 has excellent handling, and electrical insulation in the portion to be insulated is obtained by adhering the insulating tape 14 thereto.
  • the laminate cell 13 of this embodiment adopts a structure, in which the insulating tapes 14 as described above are adhered to the junction portions 5 a and 7 a . Accordingly, a counter measure against the case where the metal layer 8 of the metal composite film 3 a is exposed can be simply taken, without the need for extra production work as regards the laminate cell 13 .
  • the laminate cell 13 of this embodiment may be realized in a form where the above-mentioned laminate cell 1 of the first embodiment or laminate cell 11 of the second embodiment are combined. Specifically, after increasing the thicknesses of the junction portions 5 a and 7 a so as to be larger than those of the other portions, the insulating tapes 14 may be further adhered to the junction portions 5 a and 7 a . Moreover, after providing endothermic material 12 on the junction portions 5 a and 7 a , the insulating tapes 14 may be further adhered to the endothermic materials 12 . In these cases, a short circuit due to the temperature increase of the positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 can be more securely prevented, and further enhancement in reliability can be realized.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the assembled battery 21 composed by interconnecting the plurality of single cells 20 electrically in series, in which the laminate cells (laminate cells 1 , 10 or 13 mentioned above) to which the present invention is applied are made as the single cells 20 .
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the assembled battery 23 composed by interconnecting the plurality of single cell groups 22 electrically in series, in which the plurality of single cells 20 are interconnected electrically in parallel so as to make the single cell groups 22 .
  • the assembled battery 21 illustrated in FIG. 6 is formed by stacking and integrating the plurality of single cells 20 in the thickness direction.
  • the respective single cells 20 constituting the assembled battery 21 are stacked such that the directions of the positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 of the adjacent single cells 20 alternate.
  • the positive tab 5 of said single cell 20 is joined to the negative tab 7 of one of the adjacent single cells 20 by a technique such as ultrasonic bonding, and the negative tab 7 thereof is joined to the positive tab 5 of the other adjacent single cell 20 .
  • the positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 of all of the single cells 20 are joined to the negative and positive tabs 7 and 5 of the adjacent single cells 20 , respectively, and thus the integrated assembled battery 21 in which the respective single cells 20 are interconnected electrically in series is composed.
  • the assembled battery 23 illustrated in FIG. 7 is composed by combining the single cell groups 22 , each of which is formed by interconnecting the plurality of single cells 20 electrically in parallel.
  • the plurality of single cells 20 are stacked such that the directions of the positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 of the adjacent single cells 20 is the same, and the positive tabs 5 and negative tabs 7 of these single cells 20 are individually interconnected by a technique such as the ultrasonic bonding.
  • the single cell groups 22 constituting the assembled battery 23 are formed by interconnecting the single cells 20 electrically in parallel.
  • the single cell groups 22 thus constituted as aggregations of the plurality of single cells 20 are stacked such that the directions of the positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 of the adjacent single cell groups 22 alternate.
  • the positive tabs 5 of said single cell group 22 are connected to the negative tabs 7 of one of the adjacent single cell groups 22 .
  • the negative tabs 7 of said single cell group 22 are connected to the positive tabs 5 of the other adjacent single cell group 22 .
  • the positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 of all of the single cell groups 22 are connected to the negative and positive tabs 7 and 5 of the adjacent single cell groups 22 , respectively, and thus the integrated assembled battery 23 in which the respective single cell groups 22 are interconnected electrically in series is composed.
  • the number of single cells 20 constituting the assembled batteries 21 , 23 as described above is arbitrary, and it is satisfactory to set the number appropriately in accordance with the purpose of the concerned assembled batteries 21 and 23 .
  • the assembled batteries 21 and 23 thus constituted, the plurality of single cells 20 are compactly identified, and therefore, energy efficiency per unit volume is high.
  • the laminate cell 1 or 11 in which the temperature increase in the positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 can be controlled, and the laminate cell 13 , in which insulating tape is adhered to the junction portions of the positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 , are used.
  • the assembled batteries 21 and 23 are suitable for, for example, use in an electric vehicle regarding high power.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the battery module 30 having a structure in which the plurality of assembled batteries 23 illustrated in FIG. 7 are interconnected electrically in series.
  • the assembled batteries 21 constructed as illustrated in FIG. 6 may also be used.
  • the connection mode of the plurality of assembled batteries is not limited to the serial connection, but any mode including parallel connection, parallel-serial connection, serial-parallel connection and the like may be adopted.
  • the number of assembled batteries constituting the battery module 30 is also arbitrary and may be appropriately set in accordance with the purpose of the concerned battery module 30 .
  • the battery module 30 of this embodiment is constructed in such a manner that the box-shaped module case 31 is provided and that the plurality of assembled batteries 23 are housed in the module case 31 in a state wherein they are interconnected electrically in series.
  • the respective terminals (aggregate positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 ) of each of the assembled batteries 23 housed in the module case 31 are connected to the terminals of the adjacent assembled batteries 23 through the busbars 32 .
  • the terminals of the assembled batteries 23 disposed on the outermost sides among the plurality of assembled batteries 23 are connected to the external terminals 34 provided on the outside surface of the module case 31 .
  • the assembled batteries 23 having high energy efficiency per unit volume are housed in the module case 31 and are integrated in one body. Therefore, the battery module 30 is highly powered, compact and has excellent handling.
  • the laminate cell 1 or 11 in which the temperature increase in the positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 can be controlled, and the laminate cell 13 , in which insulating tape is adhered to the junction portions of the positive and negative tabs 5 and 7 , are used. Therefore, high reliability, even when a large current is carried, is ensured for each of the single cells 20 .
  • the battery module 30 is suitable for, for example, use in an electric vehicle regarding high power.
  • FIG. 9 schematically illustrates the drive system of the electric vehicle 40 of this embodiment.
  • the above-described battery module 30 is used as a power source for the driving motor 42 driving the drive wheels 41 .
  • This battery module 30 is designed to be charged by the battery charger 43 , and supplies predetermined power to the driving motor 42 through the power converter 44 according to needs.
  • the battery module 30 is charged by regenerated power generated by a regenerative braking of the driving motor 42 .
  • the charge/discharge of the battery module 30 is controlled by the vehicle control unit 45 .
  • the vehicle control unit 45 calculates a power quantity required for the driving motor 42 based on outputs from various sensors such as the accelerator sensor 46 , the brake sensor 47 and the speed sensor 48 . Based on the calculated power quantity, the vehicle control unit 45 controls a power supply from the battery module 30 to the driving motor 42 .
  • the vehicle control unit 45 monitors the charge state of the battery module 30 , and controls a charge from the battery charger 43 such that the charge state of the battery module 30 is maintained in an appropriate state.
  • the battery module 30 which is highly powered, compact and has excellent handling, is used as the power source of the driving motor 42 driving the drive wheels 41 .
  • the laminate cell in which the temperature increase in the positive and negative tabs can be controlled, and the laminate cell, in which insulating tape is adhered to the junction portions of the positive and negative tabs, are used.
  • the present invention has been described by taking, as an example, the electric vehicle 40 which runs driven by the driving motor 42 , it is also possible to apply the present invention to a so-called hybrid car which runs via a combination of an engine and the driving motor. Specifically, also in the case where the present invention is applied to the hybrid car, the battery module 30 as described above can be used as the power source of the driving motor.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
US10/640,029 2002-08-26 2003-08-14 Laminate cell, assembled battery, battery module and electric vehicle Abandoned US20040038122A1 (en)

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US12/824,763 US8426060B2 (en) 2002-08-26 2010-06-28 Laminate cell, assembled battery, battery module and electric vehicle

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JP2002245539A JP4211322B2 (ja) 2002-08-26 2002-08-26 積層型電池、組電池、電池モジュール並びに電気自動車

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US12/791,641 Abandoned US20100239902A1 (en) 2002-08-26 2010-06-01 Laminate cell, assembled battery, battery module and electric vehicle
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DE60314076T2 (de) 2008-01-24
US20100263201A1 (en) 2010-10-21
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US8426060B2 (en) 2013-04-23
US20100239902A1 (en) 2010-09-23

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