US20030089318A1 - Circulating fluidized bed boiler - Google Patents

Circulating fluidized bed boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
US20030089318A1
US20030089318A1 US10/291,896 US29189602A US2003089318A1 US 20030089318 A1 US20030089318 A1 US 20030089318A1 US 29189602 A US29189602 A US 29189602A US 2003089318 A1 US2003089318 A1 US 2003089318A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
fluidized bed
bed boiler
circulating fluidized
furnace
compartments
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/291,896
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English (en)
Inventor
Shuzo Watanabe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IHI Corp
Original Assignee
IHI Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IHI Corp filed Critical IHI Corp
Assigned to ISHIKAWAJIMA-HARIMA HEAVY INDUSTRIES CO., LTD. reassignment ISHIKAWAJIMA-HARIMA HEAVY INDUSTRIES CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WATANABE, SHUZO
Publication of US20030089318A1 publication Critical patent/US20030089318A1/en
Priority to US10/980,916 priority Critical patent/US7543553B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/48Preventing corrosion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F23C10/10Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/30Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2206/00Fluidised bed combustion
    • F23C2206/10Circulating fluidised bed
    • F23C2206/103Cooling recirculating particles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/50Fluidised bed furnace
    • F23G2203/501Fluidised bed furnace with external recirculation of entrained bed material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed boiler for combusting wastes or solid fuels which contain corrosive components such as chlorine, by feeding the wastes or the solid fuels together into circulating fluidized bed in a furnace.
  • FIG. 5 shows a construction of a conventional circulating fluidized bed boiler.
  • the circulating fluidized bed boiler comprises a furnace 2 , a cyclone dust collector 3 into which flue gas which is generated by the combustion in the furnace 2 flows and which catches particles which are contained in the flue gas, a seal box 4 into which the particles which are caught by the cyclone dust collector 3 flow and external heat exchanger 6 which performs heat exchange between the circulating particles and in-bed tubes in the heat exchanger 6 .
  • the furnace 2 consists of a water cooled furnace wall 2 a and an air distribution nozzle 7 which introduces fluidizing air A to the furnace 2 so as to create a fluidizing condition in the furnace 2 is arranged in a bottom part of the furnace 2 .
  • the cyclone dust collector 3 is connected with an upper part of the furnace 2 .
  • An upper part of the cyclone dust collector 3 is connected with the heat recovery area 8 into which flue gas which is generated by the combustion in the furnace 2 flows, and a bottom part of the cyclone dust collector 3 is connected with the seal box 4 into which the caught particles flows.
  • a super heater and economizer etc. contain in the heat recovery area 8 .
  • a air box 10 is arranged in a bottom of the seal box 4 so as to intake upward fluidizing air B through an air distribution plate 9 .
  • the particles in the seal box 4 are introduced to the external heat exchanger 6 and are in-bed tube 5 under fluidizing condition.
  • bed materials 11 which comprise ash, sand and limestone etc. are under suspension by the fluidizing condition.
  • the circulating particles contain unburned fuel which contains a chlorine and combusts in the seal box 4 together with the fluidizing air B.
  • the unburned fuel thus combusted in the seal box 4 generates melted salts which contain sulfate and condense so as to adhere to a high temperature area in the heat exchanger 6 .
  • a high temperature corrosion by corrosive halogen gas, e.g., chlorine gas, which is generated during the above combustion occurs in the heat exchanger 6 .
  • the present invention was made in view of the above problems and contributes to the solution of the corrosion problem on the in-bed tubes of the external heat exchanger.
  • the circulating fluidized bed boiler of the present invention provides a furnace which combusts a fuel which is fluidized together with a bed material, a cyclone dust collector into which an flue gas which is generated by the combustion in the furnace is introduced and which catches particles in the flue gas, a seal box into which most of the particles which are caught by the cyclone dust collector are introduced, an external heat exchanger which is arranged in a downstream side of the seal box.
  • the above fluidized bed boiler further provides a separation loop, in the seal box, upstream of heat exchanger 6 , which separates corrosive components from the particles so as not to introduce the corrosive components to the external heat exchanger.
  • the fuel which is fluidized together with the bed material combusts and the particles which are blown upward with the flue gas which is generated by this combustion are caught in the cyclone dust collector and are introduced to the separation loop.
  • the separation loop combusts unburned particles which are contained in the combustible particles by the fluidizing air so as to separate the corrosive components with the particles and th eoff gas in seal box is introduced to the furnace through a duct which is arranged above the seal box prior to being introduced to the external heat exchanger; therefore it is possible to solve corrosion problem on the high temperature metal tube due to melted salts. Because the unburned particles are thus combusted by the separation loop, and an amount of the unburned particles flowing into the external heat exchanger in which the in-bed tube is arranged is minimized and the service life of the in-bed tube is extended.
  • a separation loop comprises a path, such as a duct or a pipe, through which the corrosive components which are generated by the combustion in the separation loop are exhausted out of the seal box.
  • the path is connected with the furnace.
  • the off gas generated in the separation loop is exhausted into the furnace, the amount of corrosive gas is minimized so as to prevent corrosion of the in-bed tube and also to extend the service life of the in-bed tube.
  • the seal box is separated into a plurality of compartments and one compartment which is arranged upstream of another compartment and in which the separation loop is arranged, and another component which is arranged downstream of one component is connected with the furnace.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the first embodiment of the fluidized bed boiler of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the second embodiment of the fluidized bed boiler of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the third embodiment of the fluidized bed boiler of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the fourth embodiment of the fluidized bed boiler of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a conventional fluidized bed boiler.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of the first embodiment
  • components which are similar to the components of the conventional fluidized bed boiler in FIG. 5 are indicated by numerals corresponding to those in FIG. 5.
  • the fluidized bed boiler 1 of the first embodiment comprises a furnace 2 , a cyclone dust collector 3 into which an flue gas generated by a combustion in the furnace 2 and which catches particles which are contained in the flue gas, a separation loop into which the particles which are caught by the cyclone dust collector 3 are introduced, and an external heat exchanger 6 which is integrated with the separation loop.
  • the furnace 2 comprises the water cooled furnace wall 2 a in a bottom part of which the air distribution nozzle 7 , which introduces fluidizing air A into the furnace 2 , is arranged.
  • the cyclone dust collector 3 is connected with an upper part of the furnace 2 and an upper part of the cyclone dust collector 3 is connected with a heat recovery area 8 into which the flue gas is generated by the combustion in the furnace 2 .
  • a bottom part of the cyclone dust collector 3 is connected with a separation loop 13 into which the particles which are caught by the cyclone dust collector 3 are introduced.
  • a heat exchanging part is arranged in the heat recovery area 8 .
  • An air box 10 which blows a fluidizing air B upward through an air distribution plate 9 is arranged in a bottom part of the external heat exchanger 6 and the separation loop 13 .
  • the external heat exchanger 6 produces a fluidized state and performs heat exchanging between the particles and the in-bed tubes 5 .
  • the fluidized bed boiler comprises the separation loop 13 , into which the particles which are caught by the cyclone dust collector 3 are primarily introduced, and the heat exchanger 6 , in which the in-bed tubes 5 are arranged, the circulating particles actively combust in the separation loop 13 and the off gas which is generated by the above combustion is introduced to the furnace 2 through a duct 14 for a corrosive gas.
  • the particles which are are processed by the separation loop 13 are introduced to the external heat exchanger 6 so as to exchange heat with the in-bed tubes 5 and are returned to the bottom of the furnace 2 .
  • Fuels which are supplied on the air distribution nozzle 7 are fluidized together with the bed materials 11 such as sand, ash and limestone by the fluidizing air A which is supplied by the air distribution nozzle and combust so as to generate steam for supply a steam turbine for a generator, etc. (not shown in the figures).
  • the off gas is directed to the upper part of the separation loop 13 and is introduced to the furnace 2 through the duct 14 for the off gas.
  • the particles are heat exchanged with the in bed tube 5 of the external heat exchanger 6 and are returned to the bottom part of the furnace 2 so as to circulate.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • components which are similar to the components of FIG. 1 are indicated by the same numerals as in FIG. 1.
  • the common construction of the fluidized bed boiler 1 of the second embodiment is similar to that of the first embodiment in FIG. 1.
  • the heat exchanger 6 is connected with the seal box 4 at a bottom part in order to introduce the particles.
  • FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • components which are similar to the components of FIG. 1 are indicated by the same numerals as in FIG. 1.
  • the common construction of the fluidized bed boiler 1 of the third embodiment is similar to that of the first embodiment in FIG. 1.
  • the aspect of the third embodiment is that a sealing loop 15 , through which the circulating particles return to the bottom of the furnace 2 , is arranged in a branch path which branches from the bottom of the cyclone dust collector 3 .
  • the fluidized bed boiler 1 of the third embodiment can control the temperature of the furnace 2 during the combustion by adjusting the ratio of the amount of particles which pass through the sealing loop 15 and return to the furnace 2 to another particles which path the external heat exchanger 6 and return to the furnace 2 .
  • Other actions of the fluidized bed boiler of the third embodiment is similar to those of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • components which are similar to the components of FIG. 1 are indicated by the same numerals as in FIG. 1.
  • the common construction of the fluidized bed boiler 1 of the fourth embodiment is similar to that of the third embodiment in FIG. 3.
  • the heat exchanger 6 is connected with the seal box 4 at a bottom part in order to introduce the particles.
  • the present invention is not limited in the above embodiments, and variations thereof are possible.
  • a separation loop 13 which consists of multiple compartments can be arranged in one seal box 4 , in addition to the separation loops 13 of the above embodiments which consist of single compartment.
US10/291,896 2001-11-12 2002-11-08 Circulating fluidized bed boiler Abandoned US20030089318A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/980,916 US7543553B2 (en) 2001-11-12 2004-11-04 Circulating fluidized bed boiler

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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JP2001-346696 2001-11-12
JP2001346696 2001-11-12

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US10/980,916 Continuation US7543553B2 (en) 2001-11-12 2004-11-04 Circulating fluidized bed boiler

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US10/980,916 Expired - Fee Related US7543553B2 (en) 2001-11-12 2004-11-04 Circulating fluidized bed boiler

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US (2) US20030089318A1 (ko)
EP (1) EP1310732B1 (ko)
JP (1) JP2003207115A (ko)
KR (1) KR100661117B1 (ko)
CN (1) CN100529533C (ko)
AT (1) ATE438066T1 (ko)
DE (1) DE60233102D1 (ko)
ES (1) ES2328906T3 (ko)
TW (1) TW571049B (ko)

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US20100000474A1 (en) * 2004-12-29 2010-01-07 Kvaerner Power Oy Structure of a super heater
US20160377351A1 (en) * 2015-06-29 2016-12-29 Korea Electric Power Corporation Heat exchange apparatus for circulating fluidized bed boilers
US10591155B2 (en) 2016-08-25 2020-03-17 Doosan Lentjes Gmbh Circulating fluidized bed apparatus

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CN103363517B (zh) * 2013-08-01 2015-10-28 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 一种700℃及以上蒸汽参数的高床温循环流化床锅炉
CN103363516B (zh) * 2013-08-01 2015-10-28 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 一种带二次再热的循环流化床锅炉
CN103900077B (zh) * 2014-03-24 2016-01-20 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 一种降低循环流化床锅炉污染物排放的一体化改造方法
TWI579505B (zh) * 2016-03-18 2017-04-21 國立臺灣科技大學 串聯式流體化床
KR102462442B1 (ko) * 2016-06-17 2022-11-02 한국남부발전 주식회사 순환유동층 보일러 장치
CN106224942B (zh) * 2016-08-24 2018-09-14 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 1000mw超超临界参数循环流化床锅炉
KR101983969B1 (ko) * 2017-11-17 2019-09-03 한국전력공사 순환유동층 보일러
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100000474A1 (en) * 2004-12-29 2010-01-07 Kvaerner Power Oy Structure of a super heater
US9371987B2 (en) * 2004-12-29 2016-06-21 Valmet Technologies Oy Structure of a super heater
US20160377351A1 (en) * 2015-06-29 2016-12-29 Korea Electric Power Corporation Heat exchange apparatus for circulating fluidized bed boilers
US10591155B2 (en) 2016-08-25 2020-03-17 Doosan Lentjes Gmbh Circulating fluidized bed apparatus

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TW571049B (en) 2004-01-11
EP1310732A3 (en) 2004-03-24
US7543553B2 (en) 2009-06-09
EP1310732B1 (en) 2009-07-29
KR100661117B1 (ko) 2006-12-22
US20050064357A1 (en) 2005-03-24
ES2328906T3 (es) 2009-11-19
KR20030040051A (ko) 2003-05-22
DE60233102D1 (de) 2009-09-10
CN1427201A (zh) 2003-07-02
JP2003207115A (ja) 2003-07-25
CN100529533C (zh) 2009-08-19
ATE438066T1 (de) 2009-08-15
EP1310732A2 (en) 2003-05-14

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