US20030026800A1 - Monoclonal antibodies, antigens and diagnosis and therapy of malignant diseases - Google Patents

Monoclonal antibodies, antigens and diagnosis and therapy of malignant diseases Download PDF

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US20030026800A1
US20030026800A1 US09/967,719 US96771901A US2003026800A1 US 20030026800 A1 US20030026800 A1 US 20030026800A1 US 96771901 A US96771901 A US 96771901A US 2003026800 A1 US2003026800 A1 US 2003026800A1
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cells
variable region
antibody
chain variable
binding
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Britta Hardy
Abraham Novogrodsky
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Mor Research Applications Ltd
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Mor Research Applications Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K7/04—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K7/06—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links having 5 to 11 amino acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K7/04—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K7/08—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links having 12 to 20 amino acids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/569—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
    • G01N33/56966—Animal cells
    • G01N33/56972—White blood cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
    • G01N33/57407—Specifically defined cancers
    • G01N33/57415—Specifically defined cancers of breast
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
    • G01N33/57407—Specifically defined cancers
    • G01N33/57419—Specifically defined cancers of colon
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
    • G01N33/57407—Specifically defined cancers
    • G01N33/57434—Specifically defined cancers of prostate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
    • C07K2317/24—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin containing regions, domains or residues from different species, e.g. chimeric, humanized or veneered
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
    • C07K2317/34—Identification of a linear epitope shorter than 20 amino acid residues or of a conformational epitope defined by amino acid residues
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns novel sequences of monoclonal antibodies, peptidic sequences of antigens to which the monoclonal antibodies bind, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic assays using the monoclonal antibody and peptides.
  • Cancer diagnosis under current medical procedures, is typically a multi-step process involving physical examination, use of a variety of imaging techniques, employment of a variety of cancer markers, etc.
  • cancer diagnostic techniques which allow detection of cancer and also determination of the type of cancer which the tested individual is suffering from.
  • the present invention is based on the finding of sequences of monoclonal antibodies against lymphoblastoid cells.
  • the present invention is further based on the finding that the level of binding of these antibodies to T-cells of patients having cancer is different (higher or lower) than the level of binding of these antibodies to T-cells of healthy individuals.
  • the term “antibody” refers to monoclonal antibodies of any of the classes IgG, IgM, IgD, IgA and IgE.
  • the term refers to whole antibodies or fragments of the antibodies comprising the antigen-binding domain of the antibodies, e.g. antibodies lacking the Fc portion, single chain antibodies, fragments of articles consisting essentially of only the variable antigen-binding domain of the antibody, etc.
  • the invention also concerns antibodies which bind to an antigen to which any one of the above mAbs specifically binds to i.e. antibodies which have cross reactivity with the above antibodies.
  • the monoclonal antibody is a chimeric human-mouse antibody, namely a mAb with a constant region derived from a human origin and a variable region derived from mouse.
  • the Kappa light and heavy chain variable regions of the mAb of the invention were PCR cloned and their DNA sequenced.
  • the antibody is a fully humanized antibody, i.e. both its variable and constant region are derived from a human source.
  • the term “having at least X percent identity” refers to the percent of amino acid residues that are identical in the two compared sequences when the sequences are optimally aligned.
  • 70% amino acid sequence identity means that 70% of the amino acids in two or more optimally aligned polypeptide sequences are identical.
  • the identity is at least 80%, most preferably at least 90%.
  • mouse hybridoma cell lines which produce any of the mAbs of the invention.
  • the hybridomas may be prepared by any of the methods known in the art (for example, Kohler, G. and Milstein, C., Nature, 256:495-497, (1975)).
  • the supernatant of the hybridoma cell lines are typically screened for antibody binding activity by any one of the methods known in the art such as by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) or radio immuno assay (RIA).
  • ELISA enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay
  • RIA radio immuno assay
  • the supernatants are screened for production of mAbs which bind to any of the peptides of the invention (as explained below) or which bind to cells to which they bind, e.g. Daudi cells or T lymphocytes.
  • DNA sequences which encode any of the amino acid sequences of the heavy chain or light chain of the above mAbs are also encompassed within the scope of the invention. As will no doubt be clear to any man versed in the art, due to the degenerative nature of the genetic code a plurality of nucleic acid sequences may code for the mAb of the invention beyond those shown in FIGS. 1 or 2 .
  • the invention also provides expression vectors such as plasmids having said DNA sequences as well as host cells containing one or more of these expression vectors.
  • peptidic sequences of a B-cell antigens to which the mAbs of the invention can bind Searches performed against the non-redundant gene bank database and the EST division determined that these peptidic sequences are novel.
  • the peptides of the invention may be used for a variety of diagnostic assays, such as, for example, competitive immuno-assays wherein the level of binding of the mAb of the invention to its native antigen, which exists on T-cells is determined.
  • the peptides may be used for the production of antibodies in immunized animals which antibodies may then be used for any one of the utilities described above and below.
  • Analogs of all the above peptides also form an additional aspect of the present invention.
  • the amino acid sequence of the peptides of the invention may be altered, for example, by addition, deletion or conservative or non-conservative substitution of one or more amino acids without substantially altering the antibody binding properties of the peptide
  • substitution refers to the substitution of an amino acid in one class by an amino acid of the same class, where a class if defined by common physiochemical amino acid side chain properties and high substitution frequencies in homologous proteins found in nature, as determined, for example, by a standard Dayhoff frequency exchange matrix or BLOSUM matrix.
  • Family general classes of amino acid side chains have been characterized and include: Class I (Cys); Class II (Ser, Thr, Pro, Ala, Gly); Class III (Asn, Asp, Gln, Glu); Class IV (His, Arg, Lys); Class V (Ile, Leu, Val, Met); and Class VI (Phe, Tyr, Trp).
  • substitution of an Asp for another Class III residue such as Asn, Gln, or Glu is a conservative substitution.
  • non-conservative substitution refers to the substitution of an amino acid in one class with an amino acid from another class; for example, substitution of an Ala, a Class II residue, with a Class III residue such as Asp, Asn, Glu, or Gln.
  • Analogs of the above peptides which fall under the scope of the present invention are such which have substantially the same level of binding to the mAbs of the invention as the peptides depicted in FIGS. 10 - 12 .
  • the level of binding can be determined by any manner known in the art.
  • the peptides and analogs of the invention may also be chemically modified and such chemically modified peptides and analogues also form a part of the invention.
  • chemically modified refers to a protein where at least one of its amino acid residues is modified either by natural processes, such as processing or other post-translational modifications, or by chemical modification techniques which are well known in the art.
  • acetylation acetylation, acylation, amidation, ADP-ribosylation, glycosylation, GPI anchor formation, covalent attachment of a liquid or lipid derivative, methylation, myristylation, pegylation, prenylation, phosphorylation, ubiqutination, or any similar process.
  • the second finding on which the invention is based is that the mAbs of the invention can bind to a different extent to T-cells obtained from individuals having a malignant disease as compared to the extent of binding of the same mAbs to T-cells of a healthy individual.
  • an assay for identifying a tested individual with a high probability of having a malignant disease comprising:
  • the sample obtained from the individual to be tested may be any body fluid which contains a detectable amount of T-cells.
  • the body fluid sample is a blood or lymph fluid sample.
  • the peripheral blood monoclear cells (PBMC) in the sample are separated by any one of the methods known in the art such as by Ficoll Hypaque density centrifugation and the separated cells are then contacted with the tested antibodies.
  • malignant disease in accordance with the invention is to be understood as any kind of malignant disease known in the art at any of its stages.
  • This term also encompasses malignant diseases which are at their early stages and have not yet elicited clinical symptoms. Preferably this term refers to solid tumors.
  • the term “healthy individual” relates to an individual who does not have a malignant disease, and may also refer to an average level of several individuals or to a level obtained by pooling together body fluids from several individuals. It should be noted that once a standard extent of binding of healthy individuals is established, there is no need to re-establish this standard for every test and the figure established may be used continuously. In accordance with the invention it has been found that in healthy individuals about 25% of CD3 + T-cells bind to antibodies of the invention.
  • the term “high probability” means that the assay of the invention is an initial screening assay capable of identifying individuals suspected of having a malignant disease. The fact that the individual detected by the method of the invention has indeed a malignant disease will have to be verified later by utilizing additional techniques known in the art.
  • the term “extent of binding” relates to the level of binding of the antibody to an antigen present on the T-cell of the tested individual which extent can be determined by any of the methods known in the art for determining binding levels of antibodies such as ELISA or Western Blotting.
  • the extent of binding may be determined using any detection system such as anti-mouse immunoglobulin or fragments thereof linked to a detectable marker. Examples of such detectable markers are a radioactive group, a fluorescent group, an enzyme capable of catalyzing a reaction yielding a detectable product (such as a color reaction), a biotin group capable of being detected by avidin, etc.
  • the extent of binding of the mAbs of the invention to the T-cells is carried out by double labeling in which the anti T-cell antibody (e.g. anti-CD3 + antibody) is attached to one kind of fluorescent marker and the mAb of the invention is attached to a second type of fluorescent marker.
  • the extent of binding is then determined using fluorecein activated cell sorter (FACS).
  • FACS fluorecein activated cell sorter
  • the quantitation of the extent of binding is achieved by determining the percent of CD3 + T-cells (determined by their binding of anti-CD3 + antibodies) which also bind the mAb of the invention.
  • the total number of CD3 + cells in blood samples of individuals having a malignant disease is similar to the number of CD3 + cells in blood samples obtained from healthy individuals so that the normalization of the extent of binding of both mAb and CD3 + T-cells by using total CD3 + binding T-cells both in malignant patients and healthy individuals is valid.
  • the percent of the CD3 + binding T-cells which also bind the mAb of the invention (hereinafter: “CD3 + mAb cells”) in individuals having a malignant disease differs significantly from the percent of CD3 + mAb + cells in blood of healthy individuals.
  • the percent of the CD3 + mAb + cells in an individual having a malignant disease may either be significantly higher or significantly lower than the percent of CD3 + mAb + cells in healthy individuals, depending on the type of the malignant disease.
  • the extent of binding of a mAb of the invention to a T-cell obtained from a tested individual will be considered to be “significantly different” than the extent of binding to T-cells obtained from a healthy individual when the difference in binding of the mAb is statistically different in a significant degree as determined by any of the statistical methods known in the art (e.g. Students t-Test) which are used in connection with results obtained by the experimental methods mentioned herewith.
  • the invention not only enables to identify individuals having a high probability of having any type of malignant diseases (where the diseased individual has a different extent of binding of T-cells to mAbs of the invention as compared to a healthy individual) but can also help identify individuals having specific types of cancer by determining whether said extent is higher or lower than the corresponding extent in the healthy individual.
  • the percent of binding of the mAbs of the invention to T-cells obtained from healthy individuals is in the range of about 25%, i.e. 25% of the cells expressing the CD3 + T-cell marker (determined by binding of anti-CD3 + antibody to the cells) also bind the mAbs of the invention.
  • the percent of CD3 + T-cells to which the mAbs of the invention bind are in the range of about 50%.
  • the percent of the cells which also bind to the mAbs of the invention is about 7% and 10%, respectively.
  • the present invention by another of its aspects provides an assay for identifying a tested individual with a high probability of having a specific malignant disease comprising:
  • the tested individual has a high probability of having colon or breast cancer.
  • compositions comprising the mAbs of the invention may be used for diagnosis to identify individuals with the high probability of having a malignant disease (in general) or for identifying a specific malignant disease the individual is likely to have.
  • the invention therefore provides by another of its aspects, a diagnostic composition comprising mAbs belonging to at least one of the abovementioned antibodies together with a suitable carrier.
  • the carrier may either be a soluble carrier such as any one of the physiological acceptable buffers known in the art (e.g. PBS) or a solid state carrier such as, for example, latex beads.
  • kits for utilizing the mAbs of the invention and carrying out the diagnostic assays disclosed above.
  • the diagnostic kit would conventionally include at least one of the above mAbs in one or more containers, a conjugate of a specific binding partner for the mAb (for example the antigen or analog of the invention), a label capable of producing a detectable signal and directions for its use.
  • the label may be, a priori, bound to the monoclonal antibody or, alternatively, the label may be bound to a carrier molecule which then specifically binds to the mAb.
  • the incubation of the tested sample with the diagnostic reagent composition is for a time sufficient to allow binding of the monoclonal antibodies to the cells.
  • compositions comprising, as an active ingredient, one or more of the mAbs of the invention together.
  • Use of said mAbs for the preparation of pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment of various malignant diseases in an individual is also within the scope of the invention.
  • the present invention concerns a method of treatment of malignant diseases by administering to an individual in need a therapeutically effective amount of said mAbs.
  • a therapeutically effective amount being an amount capable of alleviating the symptoms of the malignant disease, reducing the symptoms or completely eliminating them.
  • compositions comprising the peptides of the invention also constitute an aspect of the invention. Such compositions may be used, for example, for active immunization of an individual to obtain antibodies which may then bind to the T-cells of the individual and elicit an immune response in the individual.
  • BAT antibody will be used interchangeably with the term “mAbs of the invention”.
  • FIG. 1 shows the DNA (SEQ ID NO.: 1) and peptide sequences (SEQ ID NO.: 2) of the heavy chain variable region of the mAb of the invention;.
  • FIG. 2 shows DNA (SEQ ID NO.: 3) and peptide sequences (SEQ ID NO.: 4) of the Kappa light chain variable region of the mAb of the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows an analysis of the amino acid sequence of the heavy chain variable region of the antibody of the invention (designated “BAT “BAT” defines the amino acid sequence of the BAT antibody V H region, while “VMS2” defines the amino acid sequence of the germline VMS2/VGK4 germline gene. Where the BAT sequence and the germline sequence are identical the germline sequence is represented by a dot (.); where mismatches occur the different germline residue is shown.
  • FIG. 4 shows an analysis of the amino acid sequence of the kappa light chain variable region of the antibody of the invention (designated in the FIG. As “BAT”).
  • “Mouse” defines the amino acid sequence of the BAT antibody K K region
  • “Germ” defines the amino acid sequence of the germline H4 germline gene. Where the BAT sequence and the germline sequence are identical the germline sequence is represented by a dot (.); where mismatches occur the different germline residue is shown.
  • the tables below and on the following pages describe the frequency with which certain amino acids have been seen at a particular residue position both within the Kabat mouse heavy chain subgroup VI (Mouse V K VI) and across a larger database of all known mouse V K sequences (All Mouse V K );
  • FIG. 5 shows the DNA (SEQ ID NO.: 5) and peptide sequences (SEQ ID NO.: 6) of the Kappa light chain variable regions of the chimeric antibody of the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows the DNA (SEQ ID NO.: 7) and peptide sequences (SEQ ID NO.: 8) of the heavy chain variable region of the chimeric antibody of the invention
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of the pKN 110 mammalian expression vector used for the expression of the Kappa light chain of the chimeric antibody of the invention
  • FIG. 8 shows a schema tic representation of the pG1D 110 mammalian expression vector used for the expression of the heavy chain of the chimeric antibody of the invention.
  • FIG. 9 shows a graphic representation featuring an example of results of an ELISA assay measuring the binding characteristics of the mouse and the ⁇ 1/Kappa chimeric antibody of the invention to Daudi cells;.
  • FIG. 10 shows the amino acid sequence of peptide 1 (SEQ ID NO.: 9) of the invention.
  • FIG. 11 shows the amino acid sequence of peptide 2 (SEQ ID NO.: 10) of the invention.
  • FIG. 12 shows the amino acid sequence of peptide 3 (SEQ ID NO.: 11) of the invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematical representation showing the percent of CD3 + cells which also bind the mAb of the invention (indicated as “BAT”) as compared to the total number of CD3 + cells in blood samples of healthy individuals as determined by FACS analysis;
  • FIG. 14 shows the percent of CD3 + cells which also bind the mAb of the invention (indicated as BAT) as compared to the total number of CD3 + cells in blood samples taken from patients having colon carcinoma as determined by FACS analysis;
  • FIG. 15 shows the percent of CD3 + cells which also bind the mAb of the invention (indicated as BAT) as compared to the total number of CD3 + cells in blood samples obtained from patients having breast carcinoma;
  • FIG. 16 shows the percent of CD3 + cells which also bind the mAb of the invention (indicated as BAT) as compared to the total number of CD3 + cells in blood samples obtained from patients having prostate carcinoma;
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic representation showing the mean percent of CD3 + cells which bind the mAb of the invention (indicated as BAT) in healthy individuals as compared to patients having breast carcinoma, colon carcinoma or prostate carcinoma;
  • FIG. 18 is a photograph of a Western Blot of peptides obtained from T-cells of individuals having prostate cancer, ear, nose and throat (ENT) carcinoma, breast carcinoma or from membranes of Daudi cells. The Blot was incubated with the mAb of the invention and shows an increased amount of antigen in T-cells obtained from patients having prostate carcinoma as compared to an undetectable level of antigen in T-cells obtained from patients having breast carcinoma;
  • FCS Fetal Calf Serum
  • RNA ribonucleic acid
  • mRNA messenger RNA
  • DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
  • cDNA copy DNA
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • min minute
  • sec second
  • RNA isolation kit was obtained from Stratagene (USA) while the 1 st strand cDNA synthesis kit was purchased from Pharmacia (UK). All the constituents and equipment for the PCR-reactions, including AmpliTaq® DNA polymerase, were purchased from Perkin Elmer (USA).
  • the TA Cloning® kit was obtained from Invitrogen (USA). Agarose (UltraPureTM) was obtained from Life Technologies (UK).
  • Thermo SequencesTM pre-mixed cycle sequencing kit and the Vistra 725 DNA sequencing machine were both purchased from Amersham (UK). All other molecular biological products were obtained from New England Biolabs (USA).
  • mice BAT hybridoma cell line and the Daudi cell line were successfully transferred to the MRC-CC and both cell lines were grown, in suspension, using RPMI (without glutamine) supplemented with 10% (v/v) FCS, 100 units/ml penicillin, 100 ⁇ g/ml streptomycin and 2 mM L-glutamine, 1 mM sodium pyruvate and 12.5 units/ml Nystatin.
  • RNA Isolation kit used a guanidinium thiocyanate phenol-chloroform single step extraction procedure as described by Chromczynski and Sacchi, Anal. Biochem., 162:156, 1987. Also following the manufacturers instructions a 1 st Strand cDNA synthesis kit was employed to produce a single-stranded DNA copy of the BAT hybridoma mRNA using the NotI-(dT) 18 primer supplied in the kit. Approximately 5 ⁇ g of total RNA was used in each 33 ⁇ l final reaction volume. The completed reaction mix was then heated to 90° C. for 5 min. to denature the RNA-cDNA duplex and inactivate the reverse transcriptase, before being chilled on ice.
  • V H gene mouse heavy chain variable region gene
  • V K gene mouse kappa light chain variable region gene
  • PCR-reactions were prepared for each of the degenerate primers with their appropriate constant region primer, in a special PCR-room using specific protocols designed to minimize the possibility of cross-contamination.
  • Amplitaq® DNA polymerase was used to amplify the template cDNA in all cases.
  • the PCR-reaction tubes were than loaded into a Perkin Elmer 480 DNA thermal cycler and cycled (after an initial melt at 94° C. for 1.5 min) at 94° C. for 1 min and 72° C. for 1 min over 25 cycles. At the completion of the last cycle a final extension step at 72° C. for 10 min was carried out before the reactions were cooled to 4° C. Except for between the annealing (50° C.) and extension (72° C.) steps, when an extended ramp time of 2.5 min was used, a 30 sec ramp time between each step of the cycle was employed.
  • Colonies containing the plasmid, with a correctly sized insert were identified by PCR-screening the colonies using the pCRII Forward and pCRII Reverse oliognucleotide primers described in Table 3 below according to the method of Güssow and Clackson, Nucleic Acids Res., 17:4000, 1989
  • NO-0 was a cell line which was derived from MOPC-21 line, and it was this line which was used as the fusion partner to produce the BAT hybridoma. Consequently, it was not surprising that a PCR-product was seen when using the MKV2 primer. This product was analyzed and shown to be the non-functional pseudogene (data not shown).
  • PCR Polymerase chain reaction
  • DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
  • cDNA copy DNA
  • V ⁇ heavy chain variable region
  • V H minute (min); Tris-borate buffer (TBE); phosphate buffered saline (PBS); room temperature (RT), bovine serum albumin (BSA); hydrochloric acid (HCl); horseradish peroxidase (HRP); low fat milk LFM); hour (hr); percent (%); O-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (OPD); multiple cloning site (MCS).
  • Microplate Manager® data analysis software package was purchased from Bio-Rad (UK).
  • the micro-volume stirred ultrafiltration cell and PM30 filter membrane were obtained from Amicon PLC (UK), while the Immunopure® (G) IgG purification kit was purchased from Pierce PLC (UK).
  • PCR-reaction tubes were cycled (after an initial melt at 94° C. for 3 min) at 94° C. for 50 s, 72° C. for 1 min 30 s over 30 cycles. At the completion of the last cycle a final extension step at 72° C. for 10 min was carried out before the reactions were cooled on ice. 5 ⁇ l aliquots from each PCR-reaction were then run on a 1.2% agarose/TBE (pH 8.8) gel to determine which had produced a PCR-product of the correct size.
  • sample-enzyme conjugate buffer 0.1 M Tris-HCl (pH 7.0), 0.1 M NaCl, 0.02% (v/v) TWEEN-20 and 0.2% (w/v) BSA
  • sample-enzyme conjugate buffer 0.1 M Tris-HCl (pH 7.0), 0.1 M NaCl, 0.02% (v/v) TWEEN-20 and 0.2% (w/v) BSA
  • a purified human ⁇ 1/ ⁇ antibody 1000 ng/ ⁇ l
  • the immunoplate was incubated at 37° C. for 1 hr before being washed with 200 ⁇ l/well of wash buffer (PBS/0.1% (v/v) TWEEN-20) three times.
  • the chimeric BAT ⁇ 1/ ⁇ antibody was purified from COS cell supernatants in two stages. First, a micro-volume stirred ultrafiltration cell with a PM30 filter membrane was used, according to the manufacturers instructions, to reduce the volume of the raw, non-purified supernatant. Then an Immunopure® (G) IgG purification kit was used to affinity purify the chimeric BAT antibody from the concentrated supernatant, also according to the manufacturers instructions.
  • G Immunopure®
  • the cell ELISA assay was carried out using the Daudi cell cultured from an original stock also by Dr. Hardy (Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva,49100, Israel). Minor modifications were made to the assay depending upon whether the mouse or the mouse-human chimeric BAT antibody was being analyzed.
  • a goat anti-mouse IgG (Fab specific)/HRP conjugate (diluted 1:15000) was used as the secondary antibody.
  • Fab specific Fab specific
  • HRP conjugate diluted 1:15000
  • the Daudi cells (2 days after being passaged) were first plated at 10 5 cells/well in a 96 well Coming easy wash ELISA plate and then incubated overnight at 37° C. in a dry incubator. The next day, 200 ⁇ l of rehydration buffer (PBS containing 10% FCS and 0.05% azide) was added to each well which was then left for a minimum of 1 hr. The rehydration buffer was then decanted off before 50 ⁇ l aliquots of various 1:2 serial dilutions of the purified BAT antibody was added to the wells of the plate. The plate was again incubated overnight (at 4° C.), washed twice with 200 ⁇ l/well of PBS containing 5% LFM and allowed to dry.
  • rehydration buffer PBS containing 10% FCS and 0.05% azide
  • 50 ⁇ l/well of the HRP conjugated secondary antibody was then added before a series of six different washes (i.e. one wash with PBS containing 5% LFM, three washed with the same buffer supplemented with 0.05% TWEEN-20, followed by a further two washes with the PBS/LFM buffer) were carried out.
  • the reaction was stopped by the addition of 50 ⁇ l/well of 2.5 M sulfuric acid and the optical density at 490 nm was then measured using a Bio-Rad 3550 microplate reader in conjunction with the Microplate Manager® software package.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show the results of this DNA sequence analysis of the chimeric BAT V ⁇ gene and BAT V H gene, respectively. The analysis was carried out both to confirm their successful mutagenesis and also show the presence of any PCR-errors that may have been introduced into the genes. Only one PCR-reaction was actually carried out for each variable region gene and only two clones from each of these PCR-reactions were eventually DNA sequences to completed.
  • the BAT V H gene was also subcloned, as a HindIII/BamHI fragment, into both the pG3D110 and the pG4D1100 heavy chain expression vectors.
  • These vectors were identical to pG1D110, save for the replacement of the cDNA copy ⁇ 1 human constant region genes with either a cDNA copy of the 3 ⁇ constant region genes (in the case of pG3D110) or the cDNA of the ⁇ 3 constant region genes (in the case of pG3D110) or the cDNA of the ⁇ 4 constant region genes (in the case of pG3D110).
  • the construction of these vectors i.e. pG3D110-BATV ⁇ , of both ⁇ 3/ ⁇ and ⁇ 4 ⁇ versions of the chimeric BAT antibody in COS cells.
  • the two vectors pKN110-BATV ⁇ and pG1D110-BATV H were co-transfected into COS cells in a series of repeated transient expression experiments. After being expressed for 72 hr the mouse-human ⁇ 1/ ⁇ chimeric BAT antibody was detected in the supernatant of the COS cell co-transfections via the ⁇ 1/ ⁇ ELISA. From these assays the mean concentration of ⁇ 1/ ⁇ chimeric BAT antibody detected in the media was calculated to be 509 ⁇ 272 ng/ml.
  • the ⁇ 3/ ⁇ and ⁇ 4/ ⁇ versions of the chimeric BAT antibody appeared to produce significantly greater quantities of antibody following their expression COS cells.
  • initial analysis of the supernatant using the ELISA method described in Section 4.3 and human IgG3/kappa antibody as a standard) measured the expression levels of the chimeric ⁇ 3/ ⁇ BAT antibody to be 6.7 ⁇ g/ml.
  • the Immunopure® (G) IgG purification kit essentially comprised of a 2 ml column of immobilized Protein G column. The antibody was eluted from the column with 6 ml of elution buffer, the eluate of which was collected in 1 ml fractions. The concentration of chimeric ⁇ 1/ ⁇ BAT antibody in each fraction was then assayed using the ELISA method described in Section C3. This analysis found that the chimeric antibody was present in Fraction 3 (42.05 ⁇ g/ml) and Fraction 4 (20.05 ⁇ g/ml), which correspond to a total recovery of 62.1 ⁇ g of chimeric ⁇ 1/ ⁇ BAT antibody. This was stored at ⁇ 20° C., until its subsequent transfer to Curetech for further analysis.
  • FIG. 9 shows a typical example of one experiment. However, what was less conclusive was the binding of similar concentrations of mouse BAT antibody, in the same ELISA, which appeared to be lower than the chimeric antibody. Nevertheless, since the conjugated secondary antibody used to detect antibody binding to the Daudi cells was different for each antibody construct, no direct comparison of the binding of the two versions can legitimately be made.
  • the peptides are small peptides, they were submitted again at a higher EXPECT value to make the search less stringent.
  • the filter was also unmasked for low complexity which can eliminate potentially confounding matches (e.g. hits against proline-rich regions or proly-A tails) from the blast reports, leaving regions whose blast statistics reflect the specificity of their pairwise alignment.
  • the three peptides of the invention did not yield any hit with the gene bank and the EST division database even at a very low stringency.
  • Peripheral blood lymphocytes from tested individuals were double-labeled using the anti-CD3 antibody and one of the mAbs of the invention.
  • the percent of CD3 + cells which bind the mAbs of the invention were determined.
  • the number of the CD3 +mAb + cells in individuals having a malignant disease differs from the percent of these cells in blood samples obtained from healthy individuals.
  • the fact that there exists a significant difference of the percent of the CD3 + cells in the individuals having a malignant disease and whether the difference is above or below the percent of CD3 + mAb + cells obtained from healthy individuals enables to determine at high probability whether the individual has a malignant disease as well as the specific kind of malignant disease which the tested individual may have.
  • human peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained from 20 ml blood of either a healthy individual or from cancer patients by Ficoll Hypaque density centrifugation.
  • the cells were washed and suspended in PBS containing 0.5% BSA and 0.05% as acid.
  • the samples containing 0.5 ⁇ 10 6 cells were used for FACS analysis.
  • the cells were incubated with a saturated amount of the mAb of the invention for 45 mins. at 0° C. followed by their incubation with an anti-mouse mAb conjugated to FITC for 30 mins. on ice. After two washes and centrifugation at 1200 rpm cells were incubated with an anti-human CD3 conjugated to PE antibodies for 30 mins. on ice. Following this incubation, the cells were washed twice and the sample is analyzed by a FACS scan (Bectan Dickinson). The results are shown in FIGS. 13 to 17 .
  • the percent of CD3 + BAT + cells (as compared to total CD3 + cells) in blood samples obtained from healthy individuals is in the range of about 25%.
  • the percent of the CD3 + BAT + cells in blood samples obtained from patients having colon carcinoma is substantively lower, as compared to healthy individuals, in the range of about 7%.
  • the percent of CD3 + BAT + cells in blood samples obtained from patients having breast carcinoma was in the range of about 10% (FIG. 15).
  • the percent of CD3 + BAT + cells in blood samples obtained from prostate carcinoma patients is significantly higher than the percentagein blood samples of healthy individuals as seen in FIG. 16 and is in the range of about 50%. These results clearly indicate that prostate carcinoma can be identified by the fact that the percent of CD3 + BAT + cells is higher a compared to healthy individuals. As seen in FIG. 18, the amount of the antigen to, which the mAb of the invention bind found on T-cells, obtained from prostate carcinoma patients is very high while the antigen is undetectable in T-cells obtained from patients of breast carcinoma.
  • the mAbs of the invention may be used in order to identify an individual suffering from a certain kind of malignant disease.
  • a blood sample is obtained from a tested individual and the extent of binding of the mAbs of the invention to CD3 + cells in the sample is significantly high (in the range of about 50%), there is a very high probability that the tested individual is suffering from prostate cancer.
  • the percent of the CD3 + cells in the sample is significantly low as compared to healthy individuals (in the range of about 7% or 10%), there is a high probability that the tested individual is suffering from breast or colon carcinoma.
  • the tested individual is a male individual, there is a high probability of his suffering from colon carcinoma.

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US20060099209A1 (en) 2006-05-11
AU5996599A (en) 2000-10-16
RU2235131C2 (ru) 2004-08-27
CA2367901C (en) 2013-03-19
IL129299A0 (en) 2000-02-17
IL145535A0 (en) 2002-06-30
DE69922261D1 (de) 2004-12-30
JP2003500015A (ja) 2003-01-07
KR20020008140A (ko) 2002-01-29
CN1267452C (zh) 2006-08-02
AU776464C (en) 2005-05-12
AU776464B2 (en) 2004-09-09
IL145535A (en) 2008-06-05
HUP0200537A2 (en) 2002-06-29
ATE283289T1 (de) 2004-12-15
EP1165616B1 (en) 2004-11-24
NZ513498A (en) 2004-01-30
WO2000058363A1 (en) 2000-10-05
ZA200106809B (en) 2002-08-19
EP1165616A1 (en) 2002-01-02

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