US20020182954A1 - Methods of making smooth reinforced cementitious boards - Google Patents

Methods of making smooth reinforced cementitious boards Download PDF

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Publication number
US20020182954A1
US20020182954A1 US10/155,650 US15565002A US2002182954A1 US 20020182954 A1 US20020182954 A1 US 20020182954A1 US 15565002 A US15565002 A US 15565002A US 2002182954 A1 US2002182954 A1 US 2002182954A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
reinforcement
component
cementitious
boards
copolymers
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Abandoned
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US10/155,650
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English (en)
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John Porter
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to US10/155,650 priority Critical patent/US20020182954A1/en
Publication of US20020182954A1 publication Critical patent/US20020182954A1/en
Priority to US10/696,751 priority patent/US7846278B2/en
Priority to US12/943,252 priority patent/US9017495B2/en
Priority to US14/272,112 priority patent/US20140242862A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B19/00—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
    • B28B19/0092—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon to webs, sheets or the like, e.g. of paper, cardboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/16—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin specially treated, e.g. irradiated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/028—Net structure, e.g. spaced apart filaments bonded at the crossing points
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/52—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by applying or inserting filamentary binding elements
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B3/00—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating
    • D06B3/10—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of fabrics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/06—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres reinforced
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/02—Coating on the layer surface on fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/08—Reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/10—Fibres of continuous length
    • B32B2305/20—Fibres of continuous length in the form of a non-woven mat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/38—Meshes, lattices or nets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
    • Y10T428/24994—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a polymeric matrix
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10T442/102—Woven scrim
    • Y10T442/105—Comprising a composite fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T442/102—Woven scrim
    • Y10T442/133—Inorganic fiber-containing scrim
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T442/102—Woven scrim
    • Y10T442/133—Inorganic fiber-containing scrim
    • Y10T442/141—Including a woven fabric which is not a scrim
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T442/133—Inorganic fiber-containing scrim
    • Y10T442/143—Including a nonwoven fabric which is not a scrim
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    • Y10T442/159—Including a nonwoven fabric which is not a scrim
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T442/171—Including a layer derived from a water-settable material [e.g., cement, gypsum, etc.]
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    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/674—Nonwoven fabric with a preformed polymeric film or sheet

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to reinforced products and in particular to reinforced cementitious boards for building construction and methods of making such boards.
  • Dry wall or gypsum board is commonly used in the erection of interior walls in commercial, residential and other building structures. Dry wall is effective when used to enclose rooms subject to normal humidity and surface moisture conditions that occur in many of the rooms commonly found in offices, shops, residences and other buildings. However, bathrooms, basements and certain areas of residential and commercial kitchens may pose potential moisture problems for interior walls constructed from dry wall wallboard.
  • tile When dry wall is used in bathrooms, for example, tile may be adhered directly to the dry wall.
  • some bathrooms utilize prefabricated modular stalls and/or bathtubs which may be adhered to the dry wall in the bathing areas of the room. Because hot baths and, especially, hot showers produce steam, bathrooms are frequently exposed to periods of very high humidity. Additionally, the basins and bathing areas thereof are susceptible to localized collection of surface moisture in the form of small pools or puddles of water. If cracks are present in the tile grout or if the seams between the dry wall and the basins or prefabricated bathing area components are not completely sealed, the steam or puddled surface water may come into contact with the dry wall.
  • the opposed faces of dry wall are typically covered with paper which is suitable for receiving paints, primers and tile adhesives.
  • paper also has a tendency to absorb water.
  • Gypsum is a hygroscopic material.
  • the gypsum core therefore absorbs moisture that passes through the facing paper. Over the course of time the level of water absorption may degrade the structural integrity of the dry wall board. If the water damage becomes excessive, some or all of the board may require replacement, which may be an especially laborious task in the bathing areas of a bathroom.
  • cementitious boards have been employed as alternatives to dry wall in particularly humid and wet rooms.
  • Cementitious boards may be fabricated to assume essentially the same dimensions and weight, as well as support the same sorts of facing materials, as conventional dry wall.
  • concrete and similar cementitious materials have far greater compressive strength than tensile strength. This phenomenon mandates that cementitious boards and similar, relatively thin, panel-like cementitious objects be handled with care during transport. More specifically, unless sufficiently reinforced such boards must be carried substantially vertically, i.e., with their opposed faces extending substantially perpendicularly to the ground or floor surface.
  • radiant cracking may occur in the lower regions of the board which may preclude its installation or, if installed, might greatly comprise its bearing capacity and service life.
  • reinforcement should be of sufficient durability that it continues to strengthen and toughen the board over the typical projected 20-40 year service life of the board.
  • the reinforcement comprises an open grid structure whose central plane is embedded approximately ⁇ fraction (1/32) ⁇ to ⁇ fraction (1/16) ⁇ inch beneath each face of the ordinarily 1 ⁇ 2 to 5 ⁇ 8 inch thick wall board or the 1 ⁇ 4 inch backing board for vinyl, tile or other flooring or countertop coverings.
  • open mesh woven polypropylene has been used for this purpose because of its resistance to water and the alkaline chemistries of Portland cement concrete and similar cementitious materials.
  • the wall facing may be affixed to dry wall or cementitious boards but cannot be used in lieu thereof because of the low bending strength of its plastic foam backing board.
  • a wall constructed solely of such facing would likely be destroyed as a result of minor impacts there against, including the sorts of impacts routinely absorbed by dry wall and cementitious wall panel boards.
  • comparatively heavy and inexpensive fiberglass yarns arranged at an average of 3 to 10 ends per inch are used for the rovings or yarns.
  • the reinforcement provided in existing cementitious boards is typically embedded just beneath each face of the boards.
  • the tensile stress transfer from the concrete to the reinforcement is optimized. It is the concrete material which is closest the board faces, i.e., the “skin” concrete, that is potentially subject to the greatest tensile forces and, therefore, in greatest need of tensile stress relief due to improper handling of the board. If reinforcement is embedded much more deeply than about ⁇ fraction (1/16) ⁇ inch beneath the board faces, the reinforcement becomes situated too close to the neutral axis of the board.
  • the flexural modulus of the board is thus reduced, and the board becomes more flimsy and prone to surface cracking.
  • the board is stiffened in much the same way that the parallel flanges strengthen an I-beam.
  • Vinyl coated glass fiber mesh is disclosed as a reinforcement for cementitious boards in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,793,892 and 4,816,091.
  • Relatively light and heavy weight glass fabrics are disclosed as alternative reinforcement materials.
  • somewhat heavy 8 ⁇ 8 or 10 ⁇ 10 yarn per inch fiberglass meshes are disclosed in one embodiment to provide openings of a size sufficient to permit passage of the board's cementitious core material and thereby enable good mechanical interlock between the reinforcement and the core material. From an aesthetic perspective, comparatively thick, open 8 ⁇ 8 or 10 ⁇ 10 yarn per inch fiberglass reinforcement meshes produce a rough board face.
  • Cellulose reinforced cementitious boards having smooth surfaces are also known. However, these building products exhibit less structural strength and water and alkali resistance than cementitious boards reinforced with high modulus materials such as suitably coated glass fiber or the like.
  • the present invention provides a composite fabric for use in reinforcement of cementitious boards and similar prefabricated building wall panels.
  • the composite fabric comprises a continuously coated, high modulus of elasticity mesh first component and a nonwoven second component.
  • the high modulus strands of the first component preferably comprise glass fibers encapsulated by alkali and water resistant polymer and arranged at no greater than about 15 ends per inch in the machine and cross-machine directions of the material.
  • the nonwoven second component is preferably a thin web of randomly oriented, water and alkali resistant fibers.
  • the composite fabric is relatively easy and inexpensive to manufacture and incorporate into cementitious boards.
  • the fabric has physical characteristics that enable its embedment within the cement matrix of the panels or boards closely adjacent one or both of the opposed faces thereof to provide the boards with smooth outer surface(s) suitable for painting, papering, tiling or other decorative finishing treatment.
  • the fabric provides long-lasting, high strength tensile reinforcement of the panels or boards regardless of their spatial orientation during handling and use. The reinforcement also enhances the impact resistance of the boards after installation.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view through the thickness of a cementitious board constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic elevation view of an apparatus suitable for constructing a cementitious board according to the present invention.
  • Board 10 is substantially planar and has opposed faces 12 and 14 and thickness “T” typically of about 1 ⁇ 2 inch to about 5 ⁇ 8 inches for wall boards, although boards as thin as 1 ⁇ 4 inch may be constructed for use primarily as backing for tile, vinyl or other floor or countertop coverings.
  • Board 10 may be manufactured to any peripheral or areal dimensions, e.g., the eight-foot length by four-foot width common to dry wall boards.
  • board 10 may be cut to any desired size or shape by hand by scoring and snapping the scored edge, or by a power saw.
  • Board 10 comprises cementitious matrix material 16 such as Portland cement concrete or other hydraulic concrete which is reinforced near at least one or, more preferably, both of opposed faces 12 and 14 with reinforcement 18 constructed in accordance with the present invention. It is especially advantageous to reinforce board 10 adjacent both of faces 12 and 14 . In that way, should the board 10 be carried by workers in the generally horizontal disposition of FIG. 1, i.e., with the opposed board faces 12 , 14 extending substantially parallel to the ground or floor surface, there will be high modulus tensile reinforcement in the cementitious matrix material 16 in the lower regions of the board 10 regardless of whether face 12 or face 14 is downwardly directed toward the ground or floor surface. Additionally, reinforcement disposed closely adjacent the faces of the board maximizes the flexural strength of the board when in service.
  • cementitious matrix material 16 such as Portland cement concrete or other hydraulic concrete which is reinforced near at least one or, more preferably, both of opposed faces 12 and 14 with reinforcement 18 constructed in accordance with the present invention. It is especially advantageous to reinforce board 10 adjacent both of faces 12 and 14 . In that
  • the central plane of fabric 18 should be embedded a depth “D” of about ⁇ fraction (1/32) ⁇ to ⁇ fraction (1/16) ⁇ inch from face(s) 12 , 14 .
  • Reinforcement 18 is a composite fabric comprising a first component 20 and a second component 22 .
  • First component 20 may be a woven knit or a laid scrim open mesh material having mesh openings of a size suitable to permit interfacing between the skin and core cementitious matrix material 16 of board 10 .
  • first component 20 can assume, for instance, a grid-like configuration having a strand count of between about 2 to about 15 strands per inch in each direction, preferably about 4 to about 10 strands per inch.
  • the mesh of first component 20 is preferably comprised of yarns or rovings having high modulus of elasticity core strands impregnated and preferably sheathed by a coating of water and alkali-resistant polymer coating.
  • the yarns or rovings of first component 20 preferably comprises a bundle of fibers having a Young's modulus of elasticity of at least about 1,000,000 psi such as polyamide fibers of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide), known as KEVLAR®. More preferably, the rovings of first component 20 comprise a bundle of continuous filament “E” or “C” glass fibers having a linear density of about 33 to about 300 tex. Because of the presence of water and alkali in cementitious environments, glass fibers or similar glass core strand materials, in the absence of a protectant coating or sheathing, would fail in weeks or months rather than the 20 to 40 year service life that is required for practical deployment of a cementitious board.
  • the coating may be provided by any suitable process heretofore known in the art and does not form a part of the present invention.
  • the coating may be a continuous coating of water and alkali-resistant polymeric material which may be applied by any conventional spray or dip-coating procedures.
  • the coating may be co-extruded with the rovings of the first component 20 in a manner similar to that described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,451,355.
  • the core strand is continuously coated at the moment of its manufacture.
  • Preferred sheath materials for the sheath or coating include, without limitation, olefins, polyolefins and olefin copolymers such as polypropylene and polyethylene, copolymers of polybutylene and propylene, ethylene propylene rubber (EPR), thermoplastic polyolefin rubber (TBR), polyvinyl chloride compounds, polyvinylidene chloride (SARAN®), ethylene-propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and copolymers of styrene and butadiene (SBR).
  • olefins such as polypropylene and polyethylene, copolymers of polybutylene and propylene, ethylene propylene rubber (EPR), thermoplastic polyolefin rubber (TBR), polyvinyl chloride compounds, polyvinylidene chloride (SARAN®), ethylene-propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and copolymers of styrene and butadiene (SBR
  • the yarns of the first component 20 When constructed as a co-extruded yarn, the yarns of the first component 20 may be woven, knitted or cross-laid by any known techniques to produce a desired open mesh. Following formation of the desired mesh from the yarns, the mesh may be heated to a temperature to fuse thermoplastic sheaths of intersecting yarns at the intersection areas thereof to affix and stabilize the yarns within the fabric. Alternatively, the yarns of the mesh fabric first component 20 may be stitched, adhesively attached or otherwise attached at their intersection areas by any suitable technique known in the art.
  • Another yarn or roving useful in the formation of the mesh first component 20 includes a core strand of high modulus fibers identical or similar to those mentioned above. Unlike the previously described sheath, however, which provides a continuous, imperforate coating of the core strand at the moment of manufacture, the alternative sheath is preferably constructed as a fibrous covering which is spun or otherwise wrapped about the core strand. Suitable apparatus for fabricating such a yarn or roving include the DREF-2 and DREF-3 friction spinning apparatus manufactured by Fehrer AG of Linz, Austria.
  • the DREF-3 apparatus is preferred because the yarn produced thereby comprises a fibrous core sliver commingled with a core strand and covered by sheath.
  • the core sliver may comprise any suitable thermoplastic material including, without limitation, either isotactic or syndiotactic polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymers or other olefinic fibers, nylon, polyvinyl chloride, or polyester, although polyolefins are preferred because of the physical durability and alkali resistance.
  • the core sliver provides the core strand with alkali resistance and ruggedness generally superior to core strands covered merely with sheath.
  • the sheath is preferably fabricated from thermoplastic fibrous materials the same as or similar to either the core sliver or the sheath materials of the co-extruded yarn described hereinabove.
  • the sheath of a yarn or roving produced by the DREF-3 apparatus is not entirely imperforate and thus possesses some pores which extend the outer periphery of the yarn to the core strand.
  • the composite yarn is substantially more supple and flexible than the previously described co-extruded yarn and may be more readily woven, knitted or cross-laid into a desired open mesh structure.
  • the mesh is heated to a temperature sufficient to fuse or sinter the fibers of the sheath such that they merge into an agglomerated, continuous, imperforate mass encapsulating the core strand. Concurrently, the rovings or yarns become fused at their intersections.
  • alternative mesh first components 20 are contemplated to be within the scope of the present invention.
  • a suitable mesh may incorporate co-extruded composite yarns in the warp or machine direction of the fabric and fiber covered composite yarns or rovings may be provided in the weft or cross-machine direction of the fabric, or vice versa. Thereafter, the “mixed” yarns may be heated after mesh formation to produce a reinforcement structure of continuously coated and united high modulus strands.
  • Second component 22 is a thin, porous, nonwoven material preferably fabricated from randomly oriented fibers of water and alkali resistant, preferably thermoplastic, material.
  • thermoplastics are preferred, non-thermoplastic cellulosic fibers such as cotton, rayon, ramie, flax, sisal, hemp or wood pulp may also be used. While cellulosic fibers may not have optimum alkali resistance, they are hydrophilic and thus reduce or eliminate the need for the wetting or adhesion enhancing treatments described below. Water and alkali resistant thermoplastics are preferred, however, because of their superior ability to withstand the high alkinity of hydraulic concretes and long-term exposure to moist environments.
  • thermoplastics suitable for use as second component 22 include spunbonded or carded webs of olefins, polyolefins and olefin copolymers such as polypropylene and polyethylene, copolymers of polybutylene and propylene, ethylene propylene rubber (EPR), thermoplastic polyolefin rubber (TBR), polyvinylidene chloride (SARAN®) and ethylene-propylene diene monomer (EPDM).
  • EPR ethylene propylene rubber
  • TBR thermoplastic polyolefin rubber
  • SARAN® polyvinylidene chloride
  • EPDM ethylene-propylene diene monomer
  • first and second components 20 , 22 of composite fabric reinforcement may be stitched, adhesively fixed, heat fused or otherwise united with one another by any means or methods commonly employed in the art.
  • web second component 22 may be coated on one side with a conventional inexpensive water-based glue and then brought into contact with the mesh first component 20 .
  • Light to moderate heat and/or pressure may be used to quicken and enhance the bonding process.
  • the second component may be fused with the first component 20 either during or after the grid coating and intersection fixing heating steps described above.
  • first and second components may be united with one another using known insertion methods and apparatus whereby the web 22 becomes integrated into the mesh 20 , or vice versa.
  • second component 22 should be the outermost layer as depicted in FIG. 1.
  • both the first component 20 and second component 22 are treated in a manner so as to enhance at least one of the wetting and adhesion characteristics thereof.
  • Such treatment may be performed before or after the first and second components 20 , 22 are united.
  • Treatments may include corona or electrical discharge treatments to oxidize the surfaces of the first and/or second components.
  • first and/or second components may be coated with one or more surfactants, hydrophilic compounds, foam boosters/stabilizers and polar polymer topical solutions such as polyvinyl alcohol to enhance adhesion and promote continuity of cement slurry about the reinforcement when the reinforcement is later embedded in cementitious matrix material.
  • surfactants such as polyvinyl alcohol
  • cement powder may be slurried with one or more hydrophilic additives, wetting agents, foaming agents and foam boosters and applied to either or both of the first and second components 20 , 22 .
  • the coated reinforcement is immediately dried to prevent significant reaction of the cement with water (i.e., hydrating) that might otherwise cause the reinforcement to stiffen and resist rolling.
  • a polymer may also be included in the slurry to assure that the cement powder remains bound to the reinforcement fibers and does not flake off after drying.
  • the nonwoven web second component 22 may be fabricated from loose fibers that are joined by a chemical binder.
  • the fibers and the binder chosen to join the fibers may have varying degrees of hydrophilicity.
  • selection of appropriate fibers and/or hydrophilic binder may reduce or even eliminate the need for subsequent wetting and adhesion enhancing treatments on the second component 22 .
  • the comparatively open mesh first component 20 and nonwoven web second component 22 when united and embedded in a cementitious board promote penetration of cement slurry yet resist pin-holes or roughness which would mar the board faces 12 , 14 . Additionally, while employing two distinct fabrics, composite fabric reinforcement 18 is less expensive to manufacture than a single denser mesh of lighter weight glass yarns, e.g., about 20 ⁇ 20 ends per inch, that would be needed to produce comparable slurry penetration and board surface smoothness.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown an apparatus 24 suitable for manufacturing a reinforced cementitious board having the general construction of board 10 shown in FIG. 1.
  • Apparatus 10 is operable for continuous production of a cementitious ribbon or strip suitable for cutting into individual panels or boards of desired length.
  • Apparatus 24 dispenses a continuous length of carrier or release paper 26 from a spool, roll or similar supply 28 onto a moving endless conveyor belt 30 entrained about a roller 32 and second unillustrated roller at least one of which is rotatably driven.
  • a first continuous length of composite fabric reinforcement 18 according to the present invention is simultaneously dispensed from a spool, roll or similar supply 34 and delivered to conveyor belt 30 .
  • the carrier paper 26 supports the first length of reinforcement 18 as it is drawn through apparatus 24 by conveyor belt 30 .
  • first and second components 20 , 22 of reinforcement may be treated to enhance their wetting and adhesion characteristics as an in-line step of the reinforced board manufacturing process. That is, as indicated in FIG. 2, reinforcement 18 may first be sprayed or treated at a suitable pretreatment station 36 at which preferably both sides of the reinforcement are treated to enhance the wetting and/or adhesion characteristics thereof.
  • Treatment at station 36 may include any of the corona or electrical discharge treatments or surfactant, hydrophilic compound, foam booster/stabilizer or polar polymer topical coating processes enumerated above.
  • reinforcement 18 Upon reaching the conveyor belt 30 , reinforcement 18 is moved by the belt under a hopper 38 where cementitious matrix material 16 is discharged onto the reinforcement by known means such as a rotating dispensing device 40 . The matrix material is then spread into a uniform layer as it passes under screed means 42 and, preferably vibrating, compaction roller 44 and between unillustrated side rails.
  • screed means 42 preferably vibrating, compaction roller 44 and between unillustrated side rails.
  • reinforcement 18 may first be passed through hydraulic cement slurry to assure good penetration of the reinforcement 18 with the slurry prior to receipt of the cementitious matrix material.
  • a second continuous length of composite fabric 18 may be deposited on the mass of cementitious matrix material 16 following compaction by roller 44 .
  • the second length of fabric 18 may be dispensed from a second spool, roll or similar supply 46 .
  • the fabric dispensed from supply 46 may be treated at a treatment station 48 preferably identical or substantially similar to station 36 to enhance the wetting and adhesion characteristics thereof.
  • the second length of composite reinforcement 18 may also be passed through hydraulic cement slurry to assure good penetration of the reinforcement with the slurry prior to placement of the reinforcement onto the uncured matrix material 16 .
  • the moving strip 50 is desirably compacted by a second, preferably vibrating, compacting roller 52 .
  • the uncured, reinforced cementitious strip can then be cut by unillustrated means into individual boards or panels and stacked for curing.
  • apparatus 24 may include an in-line curing station for hardening the strip 50 after which the cured strip may be cut into boards 10 (FIG. 1).
US10/155,650 2000-01-05 2002-05-23 Methods of making smooth reinforced cementitious boards Abandoned US20020182954A1 (en)

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US10/155,650 US20020182954A1 (en) 2000-01-05 2002-05-23 Methods of making smooth reinforced cementitious boards
US10/696,751 US7846278B2 (en) 2000-01-05 2003-10-29 Methods of making smooth reinforced cementitious boards
US12/943,252 US9017495B2 (en) 2000-01-05 2010-11-10 Methods of making smooth reinforced cementitious boards
US14/272,112 US20140242862A1 (en) 2000-01-05 2014-05-07 Methods of making smooth reinforced cementitious boards

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US10/696,751 Expired - Fee Related US7846278B2 (en) 2000-01-05 2003-10-29 Methods of making smooth reinforced cementitious boards
US12/943,252 Expired - Fee Related US9017495B2 (en) 2000-01-05 2010-11-10 Methods of making smooth reinforced cementitious boards
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US12/943,252 Expired - Fee Related US9017495B2 (en) 2000-01-05 2010-11-10 Methods of making smooth reinforced cementitious boards
US14/272,112 Abandoned US20140242862A1 (en) 2000-01-05 2014-05-07 Methods of making smooth reinforced cementitious boards

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US20110053445A1 (en) 2011-03-03
AU2929101A (en) 2001-07-16
WO2001049484A1 (fr) 2001-07-12
MXPA02006662A (es) 2004-09-10
EP1250222A1 (fr) 2002-10-23
EP1250222A4 (fr) 2003-04-16
US20040084127A1 (en) 2004-05-06
US20140242862A1 (en) 2014-08-28
HK1047414A1 (zh) 2003-02-21
US20020182953A1 (en) 2002-12-05

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