US20020026771A1 - Method of encapsulation - Google Patents

Method of encapsulation Download PDF

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Publication number
US20020026771A1
US20020026771A1 US09/155,257 US15525798A US2002026771A1 US 20020026771 A1 US20020026771 A1 US 20020026771A1 US 15525798 A US15525798 A US 15525798A US 2002026771 A1 US2002026771 A1 US 2002026771A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
films
encapsulation
solvent
supplying
capsule
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US09/155,257
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English (en)
Inventor
Malcolm David Brown
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bioprogress Technology Ltd
Original Assignee
Bioprogress Technology Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
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Application filed by Bioprogress Technology Ltd filed Critical Bioprogress Technology Ltd
Assigned to BIOPROGRESS TECHNOLOGY LIMITED reassignment BIOPROGRESS TECHNOLOGY LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BROWN, MALCOLM DAVID
Publication of US20020026771A1 publication Critical patent/US20020026771A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • A61K8/8129—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers or esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers, e.g. polyvinylmethylether
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
    • A61J3/00—Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms
    • A61J3/07—Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms into the form of capsules or similar small containers for oral use
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K8/11—Encapsulated compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/4816—Wall or shell material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/12—Bonding of a preformed macromolecular material to the same or other solid material such as metal, glass, leather, e.g. using adhesives
    • C08J5/122—Bonding of a preformed macromolecular material to the same or other solid material such as metal, glass, leather, e.g. using adhesives using low molecular chemically inert solvents, swelling or softening agents

Definitions

  • This invention concerns encapsulation and relates to a method of encapsulation, encapsulation apparatus and the resulting capsules.
  • oils are encapsulated in gelatin shells designed to release their contents when subjected to immersion in water or exposure to digestive juices. These oils include dietary enhancement substances or, in the case of cosmetic preparations, fragrant oils for release into bath water.
  • gelatin for the capsule shells. This gelatin is derived from the bones and skins of animals.
  • the present invention provides a method of encapsulation, characterised by supplying to an encapsulation unit two films of like material capable of deforming elastically at least when partially solvated, and applying solvent to at least one of the films prior to encapsulation to cause partial solvation of the material surface, such that the partially solvated surface can adhere to and seal with the film material.
  • the substance to be encapsulated is supplied between the films, the films are formed, typically by a moulding process, into suitably shaped capsule portions which can adhere to each other as a result of the adhesive action of the partially solvated surface(s), and which seal together encapsulating the supplied substance, forming a capsule.
  • the invention provides a method of encapsulation, comprising supplying two films of like material capable of deforming elastically at least when partially solvated; applying solvent to at least one of the films to cause partial solvation of the material surface; supplying substance to be encapsulated between the films; forming the films into suitably shaped capsule portions which can adhere to each other as a result of the adhesive action of the partially solvated surface(s); and sealing the capsule portions together, encapsulating the supplied substance, to form a capsule.
  • the films may be of a range of different materials. Suitable materials soluble in water (hot or cold) include polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), alginate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and polyethylene oxide. In this case it is simply necessary to apply water at a suitable temperature to the film or films to cause partial solvation. The resulting capsules release their contents when immersed in water or exposed to digestive juices and thus lend themselves to such uses as the release of fragrant oil in a bath or the release of dietary supplements after ingestion. If the material is only soluble in hot water then it is necessary to apply water at appropriately elevated temperatures, but the partial solvation and the subsequent adhesive effects are still effective to seal the capsule.
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • alginate alginate
  • hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose
  • polyethylene oxide polyethylene oxide
  • Non-water soluble film materials may also be used, such as polycaprolactone and gelatinized starch based materials.
  • a suitable solvent such as N-methyl pyrrolidone rather than water
  • the partial solvation of such films causes them to soften, enabling them to take up the internal dimensions of a mould used to create a capsule.
  • Capsules made from films which are biodegradable but not water soluble release their contents as a result of microbial action instead of immersion in water, and can find use in agricultural and industrial applications.
  • the currently preferred film material is PVA, preferably plasticised with glycerin.
  • Suitable films are commercially available in a range of different grades, types and thicknesses.
  • An appropriate film can be readily selected having regard to the intended use, capsule contents and desired capsule properties.
  • PVA film is available in thicknesses ranging between 20 and 1000 microns.
  • good results have been obtained with 80 micron PVA film, eg Hi-Rhythm (Hi-Rhythm is a Trade Mark) cold water soluble PVA B9, obtainable from British Traders and Shippers, 429-431 Rainham Road South, Dagenham, Essex.
  • the films may be formed during the encapsulation method, eg by being cast from solution.
  • the solvent is selected having regard to the film material, and is conveniently water in the case of water soluble materials.
  • the solvent should be applied in an appropriate amount, either in isolation or as part of a formulation containing materials such as thickening and/or wetting agents, to cause a suitable degree of partial solvation of the film material surface: this can be readily determined by experiment.
  • the solvent is preferably applied just prior to encapsulation at an appropriate location to obtain optimum speed of capsule production.
  • the solvent can be applied in a variety of different ways, including by atomisation such as in the form of a spray or jet, by dipping, electrostatic coating, roller, air knife or Meyer bar, or with a sponge.
  • the currently preferred technique is by means of a gravure or flexo printing process as this enables ready control and regulation of the amount and uniformity of solvent application.
  • Solvent may be applied to one or both films as appropriate.
  • a vacuum is conveniently applied during capsule portion formation to assist deformation of the film material.
  • the invention may be used to encapsulate a wide range of substance in the form of solids, liquids or gases.
  • the invention may, for example, be used to encapsulate all of the substances currently encapsulated in gelatin, such as drugs, vitamins, powders, oils, cosmetic preparations, drug delivery systems, paint etc.
  • a typical cosmetic application is encapsulation of bath oils to produce capsules intended to be used in the bath, where the capsule shell dissolves releasing the oil into the bath water.
  • the capsules may have a variety of different sizes and shapes, usually determined by the shape of the mould employed. Typically the capsules are spherical or oval, but more elaborate forms eg based on fruit, animal or abstract shapes may be produced, usually for cosmetic applications.
  • the invention provides encapsulation apparatus comprising means for supplying two films of material to an encapsulation unit; an encapsulation unit; and means for supplying a solvent for the film material to at least one of the films upstream of the encapsulation unit.
  • the encapsulation unit may be based on those used in conventional apparatus currently used for gelatin encapsulation.
  • two separate ribbons of gelatin film are first produced by pouring heated liquid gelatin at a controlled rate onto the peripheral faces of two cylinders each rotating about a horizontal axis.
  • the liquid gelatin cools on the cylinders and forms two ribbons which are fed from opposed sides to an encapsulation unit.
  • the encapsulation unit typically comprises a pair of similar moulding drums.
  • the outer cylindrical face of each drum is formed with a plurality of indentations of desired form, eg hemispherical, arranged in a series of axially extending rows with, say, 5 or 6 indentations in each row.
  • the drums are supported in side by side relationship, with a small gap there between, and are arranged for coordinated rotation in opposed directions (the left hand drum clockwise, and the right hand drum anticlockwise).
  • Means for applying a vacuum inside the drums are conveniently included, to help pull the partially solvated films into the indentations and so assist capsule portion formation.
  • the encapsulation unit typically also comprises a reservoir of the substance to be encapsulated, eg bath oil, and an associated supply arrangement adapted simultaneously to supply a plurality of metered doses (one for each indentation in a row on the moulding drums) of the substance to the moulding drums at predefined time intervals.
  • the arrangement may employ syringe pumps or the like. Again, a similar arrangement may be used in the present invention.
  • the metered doses are initially supplied to a heated injection segment located above the nip between the moulding drums, and including a row of a plurality of injectors aligned with the rows of indentations in the drums.
  • a similar arrangement may again be used in the present invention although there is no need for the injection segment to be heated.
  • the pairs of capsule halves are brought together, sealed and cut from the gelatin ribbons on continued rotation of the drums, thus forming capsules containing the substance.
  • a typical production rate is one row of capsules every 2 seconds. Instead of cutting the capsules from the ribbons, they may be left integral with the ribbons.
  • the resulting capsules are collected below.
  • the capsules are then typically tumbled in a hot air dryer and then kept in a controlled humidity environment for about 2 days to stabilise the capsules. The capsules are then ready for use or sale.
  • the present invention may use an encapsulation unit generally as described. It is not necessary for the injection segment to be heated, as the present invention does not rely on heating for sealing, as in the prior art, so processing costs may be reduced somewhat and faster processing may be possible. However, the films of the present invention may optionally be heated: in some cases this may enhance film elasticity and sealing.
  • a further necessary modification is addition of mean for applying solvent to one or both of the films, preferably located just upstream of the encapsulation unit.
  • these means could be a spray or jet arrangement, a bath for dipping, an electrostatic coating unit, a roller, an air knife, a Meyer bar, a sponge etc.
  • a gravure or flexo printing unit is used.
  • Means for applying a vacuum within the moulding drums are conveniently also incorporated.
  • the invention also covers capsules formed in accordance with a method or by use of apparatus in accordance with the invention.
  • the invention also includes within its scope a capsule having a shell comprising material capable of adhering to and sealing with itself when in partially solvated condition.
  • the invention covers a capsule having a shell comprising polyvinyl alcohol.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of apparatus in accordance with the invention.
  • the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises two rolls 10 , 12 of film 14 , 16 of like material rotatably supported on spindles 18 , 20 , with associated means (not shown) for feeding film from the rolls to an encapsulation unit 22 .
  • the films first pass over respective support rollers 24 , 26 and then through respective flexographic printing units 28 , 30 with associated backing rollers 32 , 34 for supply to a surface of the film, in an adjustable manner, of accurately metered quantities of solvent for the film material.
  • laboratory scale narrow flexographic heads from RK Print Coat Instruments Limited, Litlington, Royston, U.K. were used for this purpose.
  • the encapsulation unit 22 is based on the encapsulation unit of conventional apparatus, as discussed above, and comprises a reservoir containing the substance to be encapsulated and an associated supply arrangement for supplying metered doses of the substance.
  • the reservoir and supply arrangement are represented schematically at 36 .
  • the encapsulation unit further comprises a pair of similar moulding drums 38 , 40 .
  • the outer cylindrical face of each drum is formed with a plurality of hemispherical indentations 42 arranged in a series of axially extending rows with 6 indentations in each row.
  • Vacuum means may optionally be included for applying a vacuum inside the drums to assist deformation of the film material.
  • the drums are supported in side by side relationship with a small gap therebetween, and are arranged for coordinated rotation in opposed directions (the left hand drum 38 clockwise, and the right hand drum 40 anticlockwise).
  • An injection segment 44 is located above the nip between the moulding drums to receive substance from reservoir and supply arrangement 36 , as illustrated schematically by line 46 .
  • Injection segment 44 includes an array of 6 injectors (not shown) aligned with the rows of indentations in the drums.
  • film 14 , 16 is supplied at an appropriate rate to the encapsulation unit 22 , passing over support rollers 24 , 26 and through printing units 28 , 30 where solvent is applied to the film surface in appropriate amount.
  • the films then pass below the injection segment 44 and into the nip between drums 38 , 40 which are counter-rotating at an appropriate speed.
  • Metered doses of the substance to be encapsulated are injected into the nip from injection segment 44 in synchronism with the drum rotation. As the doses of substance are injected between the films, the films deform to line the indentations 42 of one row in each of the drums, possibly assisted by application of a vacuum, forming a series of 6 pairs of opposed capsule halves containing the substance.
  • the pairs of capsule halves are brought together and seal because of the adhesive effect caused by partial solvation of the film surface, producing a row of surface-containing capsules which are cut from the films.
  • One row of 6 capsules is produced approximately every 2 seconds.
  • the resulting capsules 48 are collected in a tray 50 , and the waste film remaining is disposed of.
  • the capsules are dried and stabilised in generally conventional manner.
US09/155,257 1996-03-26 1997-03-25 Method of encapsulation Abandoned US20020026771A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9606371.4A GB9606371D0 (en) 1996-03-26 1996-03-26 An encapsulation process
GB9606371.4 1996-03-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20020026771A1 true US20020026771A1 (en) 2002-03-07

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ID=10791058

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US09/155,257 Abandoned US20020026771A1 (en) 1996-03-26 1997-03-25 Method of encapsulation

Country Status (16)

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US (1) US20020026771A1 (xx)
EP (1) EP0889710B2 (xx)
JP (1) JP2000515397A (xx)
AU (1) AU726280B2 (xx)
BR (1) BR9708352A (xx)
CZ (1) CZ307998A3 (xx)
DE (1) DE69710710T3 (xx)
ES (1) ES2173434T5 (xx)
GB (1) GB9606371D0 (xx)
IL (1) IL126317A0 (xx)
MX (1) MX9807863A (xx)
NO (1) NO984472L (xx)
NZ (1) NZ331840A (xx)
TR (1) TR199801923T2 (xx)
WO (1) WO1997035537A1 (xx)
ZA (1) ZA972638B (xx)

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US6670314B2 (en) 2000-11-27 2003-12-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Dishwashing method
US20050019374A1 (en) * 2003-04-14 2005-01-27 Fmc Corporation Homogeneous, thermoreversible gel film containing kappa-2 carragenan and soft capsules made therefrom
US20050061703A1 (en) * 2000-11-27 2005-03-24 Catlin Tanguy Marie Louis Alexandre Detergent products, methods and manufacture
WO2006013350A1 (en) * 2004-08-02 2006-02-09 Bioprogress Technology Limited Encapsulation of liquids
US20060090779A1 (en) * 2000-11-27 2006-05-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Dishwashing method
US20070089244A1 (en) * 2004-04-21 2007-04-26 Josef Penninger Textile care product
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US20110162783A1 (en) * 2008-09-26 2011-07-07 Sankyo Co., Ltd. Method for manufacturing soft capsule and apparatus for manufacturing the same
US8283300B2 (en) 2000-11-27 2012-10-09 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent products, methods and manufacture
US8940676B2 (en) 2000-11-27 2015-01-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent products, methods and manufacture
CN104324016A (zh) * 2014-10-16 2015-02-04 浙江春宝胶囊有限公司 一种软胶囊囊材配方
CN104706619A (zh) * 2015-04-05 2015-06-17 吴建平 一种耐久胶囊配方
US20170101204A1 (en) * 2015-10-07 2017-04-13 Cloud Packaging Solutions, LLC System for Forming Packages From Film Material
US20170101203A1 (en) * 2015-10-07 2017-04-13 Cloud Packaging Solutions, LLC System for forming packages from film material
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US8739698B2 (en) 2007-07-30 2014-06-03 Procaps S.A. Method and apparatus for printing on soft gelatin capsules during forming
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DE102013009341A1 (de) 2013-06-04 2014-12-04 Dave Trupti Gekerbte Einwegkapsel bestehend aus einem synthetischen Biopolymer
DE102013016553A1 (de) 2013-10-04 2015-04-09 Dave Trupti Gekerbte Einwegkapsel bestehend aus Polyvinylalkohl (PVA) oder einem PVA-Kopolymeren enthaltend eine Handdesinfektionsmittelzubereitung
ES2822652T3 (es) 2014-06-04 2021-05-04 Capsugel Belgium Nv Artículos de forma de dosificación estable para administración oral
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Cited By (41)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020142931A1 (en) * 2000-07-19 2002-10-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Gel form automatic dishwashing compositions, methods of preparation and use thereof
US8250837B2 (en) 2000-11-27 2012-08-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent products, methods and manufacture
US7648951B2 (en) 2000-11-27 2010-01-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Dishwashing method
US20050061703A1 (en) * 2000-11-27 2005-03-24 Catlin Tanguy Marie Louis Alexandre Detergent products, methods and manufacture
US9434916B2 (en) 2000-11-27 2016-09-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent products, methods and manufacture
US20060090779A1 (en) * 2000-11-27 2006-05-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Dishwashing method
US20060097424A1 (en) * 2000-11-27 2006-05-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Dishwashing method
US8156713B2 (en) 2000-11-27 2012-04-17 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent products, methods and manufacture
US9382506B2 (en) 2000-11-27 2016-07-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent products, methods and manufacture
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EP0889710A1 (en) 1999-01-13
EP0889710B2 (en) 2005-10-26
GB9606371D0 (en) 1996-06-05
NZ331840A (en) 2000-03-27
NO984472D0 (no) 1998-09-25
IL126317A0 (en) 1999-05-09
NO984472L (no) 1998-09-28
AU2168597A (en) 1997-10-17
CZ307998A3 (cs) 1999-02-17
ES2173434T3 (es) 2002-10-16
AU726280B2 (en) 2000-11-02
EP0889710B1 (en) 2002-02-27
DE69710710T3 (de) 2006-07-06
DE69710710D1 (de) 2002-04-04
TR199801923T2 (xx) 2000-08-21
DE69710710T2 (de) 2002-08-08
WO1997035537A1 (en) 1997-10-02
JP2000515397A (ja) 2000-11-21
ES2173434T5 (es) 2006-03-16
ZA972638B (en) 1997-10-02
BR9708352A (pt) 2000-01-04
MX9807863A (en) 1999-04-01

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