US20020026009A1 - Flexible polyamide composition - Google Patents

Flexible polyamide composition Download PDF

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Publication number
US20020026009A1
US20020026009A1 US09/338,490 US33849099A US2002026009A1 US 20020026009 A1 US20020026009 A1 US 20020026009A1 US 33849099 A US33849099 A US 33849099A US 2002026009 A1 US2002026009 A1 US 2002026009A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
rubber
polyamide
functionalized
weight
process according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US09/338,490
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English (en)
Inventor
Guido P.C. Beusen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke DSM NV
Original Assignee
DSM NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE9601075A priority Critical patent/BE1010820A3/nl
Priority to DE1997614466 priority patent/DE69714466T2/de
Priority to AU53492/98A priority patent/AU5349298A/en
Priority to EP19970950515 priority patent/EP0946642B1/en
Priority to PCT/NL1997/000720 priority patent/WO1998028363A1/en
Priority to JP52864798A priority patent/JP4087904B2/ja
Priority to CN97181906A priority patent/CN1094956C/zh
Priority to CA 2275709 priority patent/CA2275709A1/en
Application filed by DSM NV filed Critical DSM NV
Priority to US09/338,490 priority patent/US20020026009A1/en
Assigned to DSM N.V. reassignment DSM N.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BEUSEN, GUIDO P.C.
Priority to US09/962,146 priority patent/US6548181B2/en
Publication of US20020026009A1 publication Critical patent/US20020026009A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L77/02—Polyamides derived from omega-amino carboxylic acids or from lactams thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L77/06—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L13/00—Compositions of rubbers containing carboxyl groups
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31725—Of polyamide
    • Y10T428/31728—Next to second layer of polyamide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31725—Of polyamide
    • Y10T428/31728—Next to second layer of polyamide
    • Y10T428/31732—At least one layer is nylon type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the production of a flexible polyamide composition containing at least 50 parts by weight of non-crosslinked rubber per 50 parts by weight of polyamide.
  • a composition is known from U.S. Pat. No. 5,003,003.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,003,003 describes that compositions containing at least 50 parts by weight of rubber per 50 parts by weight of polyamide only have good mechanical properties if the rubber is crosslinked during the mixing in the melt of the polyamide and rubber phases; the rubber is then also said to be ‘dynamically vulcanized’. If the rubber is not crosslinked during the mixing in the melt, the composition's tensile strength, among other things, will be many times lower.
  • the process of dynamic vulcanization is particularly difficult to realize without the employed crosslinking agents, generally phenolic resins, damaging the polyamide, and the vulcanization process is difficult to control.
  • the rubber/polyamide compositions obtained via dynamic vulcanization are for these reasons generally discoloured and cannot be used in colours other than black.
  • the object of the invention is hence a process for the production of a flexible polyamide composition containing at least 50 parts by weight of non-crosslinked rubber per 50 parts by weight of polyamide, which has good mechanical properties and is not, or not appreciably, discoloured.
  • B. 70-50 parts by weight of a rubber composition containing at least one functionalized rubber, are mixed with one another in the melt phase, in which A+B 100 parts by weight, characterized in that the polyamide has a molecular weight such that the melt viscosity of the polyamide, measured at low shear at the temperature at which the polyamide and the rubber are mixed in the melt, is lower than about 300 Pa.s and the rubber composition's Mooney viscosity ML (1+4) 125° C., measured according to ISO 289-1985-(E), is at least 40.
  • the polyamide's melt viscosity is lower than 200 Pa.s, even more preferably 100 Pa.s, and the rubber's Mooney viscosity is at least 50, even more preferably at least 55.
  • the rubber composition has a Mooney viscosity of at least 60.
  • the inventors have found that when the polyamide's molecular weight is chosen to be low enough, and the Mooney viscosity high enough, a good dispersion of the rubber in the polyamide matrix is most surprisingly obtained.
  • the polyamide of which has a low melting point, a rubber with a relatively low Mooney viscosity, above the indicated minimum value, will generally suffice.
  • the rubber In the case of compositions containing a polyamide with a high melting point the rubber will have to have a higher Mooney viscosity. Likewise, if, in the case of a polyamide with a low melting point, the rubber has a sufficiently high Mooney viscosity, a higher molecular weight will usually suffice than in the case of a polyamide with a high melting point.
  • the melt viscosity of the rubber at the temperature of melt mixing at high shear may be chosen as a parameter. However these data are not available for most materials. Anyhow under the conditions of melt mixing the melt viscosity of the rubber composition should be appreciably higher than the melt viscosity of the polyamide.
  • the usual equipment can be used for the mixing in the melt, for example a Brabender mixer, a Haake or Busch kneader or an extruder, for example a single- or double-screw extruder.
  • a double-screw extruder, excerting high shear is used.
  • the process is preferably carried out in an inert gas atmosphere.
  • Rubber composition B preferably contains a combination of at least one functionalized rubber and a non-functionalized rubber.
  • rubber means a low modulus flexible polymer with a glass transition below 0° C., preferably below ⁇ 25° C.
  • Examples of polymers falling under this definition are copolymers of ethylene and ⁇ -olefins, for instance propylene and butylene.
  • the new group of plastomers, copolymers of for instance ethylene and 1-octene, obtainable by polymerisation in the presence of a metallocene catalyst are usefull as a component of composition B.
  • ‘Functionalized rubber’ is understood to be a rubber containing groups that can react with polyamide. Such functionalized rubbers are known.
  • a very large number is for example described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,174,358, as are the methods for preparing these functionalized rubbers.
  • Various functionalized rubbers are commercially available under different names. Very suitable are rubbers that have been chemically modified through reaction with maleic anhydride or graft-copolymerisates of the rubber and an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride or dicarboxylic acids and/or esters, for example maleic anhydride, itaconic acid and itaconic anhydride, fumaric acid and maleic acid or a glycidyl acrylate, for example glycidyl methacrylate.
  • the polyamide preferably contains sufficient amino end groups that can react with the functional groups. As the molecular weight of the polyamides that can be used in the process according to the invention is relatively low, the number of available amino end groups is generally high enough.
  • any non-crosslinked rubber that meets the Mooney viscosity requirements is suitable for use in the process according to the invention.
  • ‘Non-crosslinked rubber’ is understood to be a rubber that is substantially non-crosslinked and shows no typical elastic behaviour. In the practice of mixing in the melt at high temperatures some crosslinking can generally not be prevented.
  • the gel content is less than 50%, more preferably less than 30%, even more preferably less than 10%.
  • the gel content is here defined as the fraction of the rubber that is insoluble in the solvent suitable for the rubber in question.
  • a suitable solvent is for instance xylene.
  • ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer for example an ethylene-propylene copolymer, EPM, rubber and an ethylene- ⁇ -olefin terpolymer whose third monomer is a non-conjugated diene, for example a norbornene, for example ethyl norbornene, or hexadiene, for example ethylene-propylene-norbornene terpolymer, EPDM rubber.
  • EPM ethylene-propylene copolymer
  • EPDM rubber ethylene- ⁇ -olefin terpolymer
  • both the EPM and the EPDM may be functionalized.
  • a combination of a non-functionalized EPDM rubber and a functionalized EPM rubber is used.
  • the functionalized EPM rubber has preferably been functionalized with maleic anhydride (MAh).
  • MAh maleic anhydride
  • Known EPDM rubbers are for example commercially available under the trade names Keltan from DSM NV, Nordel from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, and Royalene from UniRoyal.
  • MAh-functionalized EPM rubbers are for example Exxelor VA 1801® made by Exxon and Tafmer MP 0610® of Mitsui.
  • the MAh content of the functionalized rubber may vary within a wide range, for example between 0.1 and 10 wt. %, preferably between 0.1 and 5 wt. %, more preferably between 0.1 and 2 wt. %.
  • the weight ratio of the functionalized and non-functionalized rubbers may vary within a wide range, for example between 1:10 and 10:1; preferably the ratio is chosen to be lower than 1, for example between 0.9 and 0.1.
  • compositions with superior properties are those in which at least one of the components of the rubber composition B is a styrene butadiene based block copolymer or functionalized styrene-butadiene block copolymer.
  • This kind of elastomeric block copolymers is for instance commercialized under the tradename Kraton by Shell.
  • the flexible polyamide composition obtainable with the process according to the invention, comprises
  • the particle size of the dispersed rubber is generally smaller than 5 ⁇ m, preferably smaller than 3 ⁇ m. Preferably 90% of the number of rubber particles is smaller than 1 ⁇ m.
  • the presence of A as a continuous phase does not exclude the possibility of a minor amount of A, for example up to 10% of A, being incorporated in B as small particles.
  • the flexible polyamide composition contains a rubber composition B consisting of
  • b2 at least one functionalized rubber.
  • the dispersed rubber particles preferably have a nucleus consisting of the non-functionalized rubber and a shell consisting of the functionalized rubber.
  • the flexible polyamide composition according to the invention differs from the known polyamide compositions containing at least 50 wt. % non-crosslinked rubber such as those for example disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,003,003 in that it is significantly more resistant to oil.
  • the increase in volume after 7 days' contact with ASTM 3 oil at 100° C. is even less than 10%
  • the increase is more than 100% after only 3 days' contact with oil (see example 6B of U.S. Pat. No. 5,003,003).
  • This significantly better resistance to oil is a simple confirmation of the fact that the rubber particles are contained in a polyamide matrix.
  • the flexible polyamide composition according to the invention contains polyamide in a minor fraction for instance A being at most 45 pbw even more preferably at most 40 pbw, thereby imparting a higher flexibility without significant loss of oil resistance.
  • plasticizers for the polyamide phase are nonyl phenol and butyl benzenesulphonamide.
  • the plasticizer is generally used in an amount of between 1 and 15 parts by weight, preferably 2-10, per 100 parts by weight of polyamide.
  • composition according to the invention may furthermore contain the additives commonly used for polyamides, for example stabilizers, flame retardants, processing aids such as release agents and colourants or pigments.
  • the composition may optionally contain reinforcing fibres, for example glass fibres.
  • the rubber phase may contain the additives commonly used for rubber and may for example be diluted with oil to a limited extent.
  • composition according to the invention can preferably be used in processing methods involving low shear forces, for example in the extrusion of tubes, hoses, cable sheaths, in blow-moulding processes, fibre spinning and injection moulding.
  • composition of the invention presents a particular advantage for application in the production of polyamide inlet manifolds for internal combustion engines, in which a flexible zone can be incorporated in a sequential blow-extrusion process, which facilitates the installation of the manifold.
  • the strength of the welds between the glass-fibre-reinforced stiff parts and the flexible part is of good quality because in all the parts the continuous phase is polyamide.
  • composition of the invention presents a further advantage in applications in which a hard polyamide core is to be coated with a soft flexible layer, also called a ‘soft-touch’ layer.
  • a hard polyamide core is to be coated with a soft flexible layer, also called a ‘soft-touch’ layer.
  • a soft flexible layer also called a ‘soft-touch’ layer.
  • Such an application is to be found for example in tool handles and tool casings.
  • This multi-layer structure with very good adhesion between the two layers can be obtained through coextrusion or sequential injection moulding.
  • Royaltuf 485® EP(DM) rubber, maleic anhydride content about 0.5 wt. %, E/P ratio 75/25. From UniRoyal.
  • Kraton FG 1901X® Styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene block copolymer, SEBS, having a styrene content of 28 wt. % and a maleic anhydride content of about 2.0 wt. % of Shell.
  • compositions were obtained by means of:
  • compositions obtained in the manner described above were injection-moulded under conditions usually applied for nylon 6, using an Arburg 5 injection-moulding machine, after they had been dried in a vacuum oven for 24 hours at 80° C.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show scans of compositions 01 and 07 in Table 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows a detail of composition 1 , in which the rubber particles' nucleus-shell structure is clearly recognizable.
  • FIG. 4 shows composition 09 .
  • FIG. 5- 7 show the compositions 12 - 14 and
  • FIG. 8- 11 the compositions 15 - 18 .
  • composition 10 is shown.
  • FIG. 13 is an enlarged photograph of composition 8 , showing the Kraton FG as the dark shell covering the rubber particle in the polyamide matrix. Excess Kraton FG is present as separate particles.
  • Table 1 presents a survey of the experiments carried out with different compositions and their results.
  • the gel content of the rubber in composition 02 was determined as the insoluble fraction in n-decane.
  • the polyamide particles present in the rubber particles were also determined as the insoluble fraction. Nevertheless, a ‘gel content’ of 9% only was found.
  • Sample 10 shows that even a composition in which the polyamide:rubber ratio is 3:7 can be obtained in which the polyamide forms the continuous phase and non-crosslinked rubber is dispersed therein. Taking account of the differences in densities a volume ratio of even as high as 25:75 is realized.
  • composition 01 With the composition 01 a flexible tube was extruded on a conventional extrusion machine. A tube having a perfect surface and oil resistance was obtained.
US09/338,490 1996-12-23 1999-06-23 Flexible polyamide composition Abandoned US20020026009A1 (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE9601075A BE1010820A3 (nl) 1996-12-23 1996-12-23 Flexibele polyamidesamenstelling.
AU53492/98A AU5349298A (en) 1996-12-23 1997-12-22 Flexible polyamide composition
EP19970950515 EP0946642B1 (en) 1996-12-23 1997-12-22 Flexible polyamide composition
PCT/NL1997/000720 WO1998028363A1 (en) 1996-12-23 1997-12-22 Flexible polyamide composition
JP52864798A JP4087904B2 (ja) 1996-12-23 1997-12-22 可撓性ポリアミド組成物
DE1997614466 DE69714466T2 (de) 1996-12-23 1997-12-22 Flexible polyamid zusammensetzung
CN97181906A CN1094956C (zh) 1996-12-23 1997-12-22 挠性聚酰胺组合物
CA 2275709 CA2275709A1 (en) 1996-12-23 1997-12-22 Flexible polyamide composition
US09/338,490 US20020026009A1 (en) 1996-12-23 1999-06-23 Flexible polyamide composition
US09/962,146 US6548181B2 (en) 1996-12-23 2001-09-26 Flexible polyamide composition

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE9601075 1996-12-23
BE9601075A BE1010820A3 (nl) 1996-12-23 1996-12-23 Flexibele polyamidesamenstelling.
PCT/NL1997/000720 WO1998028363A1 (en) 1996-12-23 1997-12-22 Flexible polyamide composition
US09/338,490 US20020026009A1 (en) 1996-12-23 1999-06-23 Flexible polyamide composition

Related Parent Applications (1)

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PCT/NL1997/000720 Continuation WO1998028363A1 (en) 1996-12-23 1997-12-22 Flexible polyamide composition

Related Child Applications (1)

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US09/962,146 Continuation US6548181B2 (en) 1996-12-23 2001-09-26 Flexible polyamide composition

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US20020026009A1 true US20020026009A1 (en) 2002-02-28

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US09/338,490 Abandoned US20020026009A1 (en) 1996-12-23 1999-06-23 Flexible polyamide composition
US09/962,146 Expired - Lifetime US6548181B2 (en) 1996-12-23 2001-09-26 Flexible polyamide composition

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US09/962,146 Expired - Lifetime US6548181B2 (en) 1996-12-23 2001-09-26 Flexible polyamide composition

Country Status (9)

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US (2) US20020026009A1 (nl)
EP (1) EP0946642B1 (nl)
JP (1) JP4087904B2 (nl)
CN (1) CN1094956C (nl)
AU (1) AU5349298A (nl)
BE (1) BE1010820A3 (nl)
CA (1) CA2275709A1 (nl)
DE (1) DE69714466T2 (nl)
WO (1) WO1998028363A1 (nl)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US20050014842A1 (en) * 2003-07-18 2005-01-20 Degussa Ag Molding composition based on polyetheramides

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US6869653B2 (en) * 2001-01-08 2005-03-22 Baxter International Inc. Port tube closure assembly
US20040115381A1 (en) * 2002-12-12 2004-06-17 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, Lp Method for manufacturing articles with materials containing tapered polymers
GB0411119D0 (en) 2004-05-19 2004-06-23 Exxonmobil Chem Patents Inc Modifiers for thermoplastic alloys produced using such modifiers
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KR100756349B1 (ko) * 2006-12-18 2007-09-10 제일모직주식회사 나일론계 수지 복합재
US7847024B2 (en) * 2007-02-23 2010-12-07 Teknor Apex Company Elastomer and vulcanizate compositions having desirable high temperature properties
JP5588366B2 (ja) * 2011-01-21 2014-09-10 昭和電線ケーブルシステム株式会社 ケーブル接続部用常温収縮チューブおよびケーブル接続部
US9051460B2 (en) * 2012-12-04 2015-06-09 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Heat resistant hydrocarbon elastomer compositions
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EP3164892B1 (en) 2014-07-04 2018-08-29 DSM IP Assets B.V. Co-extruded backsheet for solar cell modules
CN106471628A (zh) * 2014-07-04 2017-03-01 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 用于太阳能电池模块的单‑背板
US9441090B1 (en) 2015-03-12 2016-09-13 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp Methods for controlling hardness of styrene-butadiene block copolymers
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Cited By (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050014842A1 (en) * 2003-07-18 2005-01-20 Degussa Ag Molding composition based on polyetheramides
EP1518901A3 (de) * 2003-07-18 2005-12-28 Degussa AG Formmasse auf Basis von Polyetheramiden
CN100422262C (zh) * 2003-07-18 2008-10-01 德古萨公司 基于聚醚酰胺的模制组合物
US7582342B2 (en) 2003-07-18 2009-09-01 Degussa Ag Molding composition based on polyetheramides

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5349298A (en) 1998-07-17
DE69714466D1 (de) 2002-09-05
EP0946642A1 (en) 1999-10-06
CN1247549A (zh) 2000-03-15
JP4087904B2 (ja) 2008-05-21
US6548181B2 (en) 2003-04-15
CA2275709A1 (en) 1998-07-02
BE1010820A3 (nl) 1999-02-02
DE69714466T2 (de) 2003-05-08
JP2001507060A (ja) 2001-05-29
US20020128385A1 (en) 2002-09-12
EP0946642B1 (en) 2002-07-31
CN1094956C (zh) 2002-11-27
WO1998028363A1 (en) 1998-07-02

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Owner name: DSM N.V., NETHERLANDS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BEUSEN, GUIDO P.C.;REEL/FRAME:010143/0136

Effective date: 19990707