US1600736A - Art of light-sensitive photographic materials - Google Patents

Art of light-sensitive photographic materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US1600736A
US1600736A US718409A US71840924A US1600736A US 1600736 A US1600736 A US 1600736A US 718409 A US718409 A US 718409A US 71840924 A US71840924 A US 71840924A US 1600736 A US1600736 A US 1600736A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
emulsion
sensitizing
light
photographic
emulsions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US718409A
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English (en)
Inventor
Reuben F Punnett
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
Original Assignee
Eastman Kodak Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Priority to US718411A priority Critical patent/US1574944A/en
Priority to US718410A priority patent/US1574943A/en
Priority to US718409A priority patent/US1600736A/en
Priority to FR599932D priority patent/FR599932A/fr
Priority to FR599933D priority patent/FR599933A/fr
Priority to FR599934D priority patent/FR599934A/fr
Priority to DEE32599D priority patent/DE433043C/de
Priority to DEE32600D priority patent/DE441934C/de
Priority to DEE32601D priority patent/DE439372C/de
Priority to GB14630/25A priority patent/GB235210A/en
Priority to GB14629/25A priority patent/GB235209A/en
Priority to NL30418A priority patent/NL21355C/xx
Priority to US82847A priority patent/US1602592A/en
Priority to US82846A priority patent/US1602591A/en
Priority to US82845A priority patent/US1602590A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1600736A publication Critical patent/US1600736A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
    • G03C1/10—Organic substances
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/04—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with macromolecular additives; with layer-forming substances
    • G03C1/047—Proteins, e.g. gelatine derivatives; Hydrolysis or extraction products of proteins
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
    • G03C1/09—Noble metals or mercury; Salts or compounds thereof; Sulfur, selenium or tellurium, or compounds thereof, e.g. for chemical sensitising

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the art ofphotographic materials.
  • One object of the invention is to provide photographic sensitizing materials capable of greatly increasing the light sensitiveness of photographic emulsions especially of the developing-out type, even when incorporated
  • Another obto provide such materials in concenject is and sufficiently purified conditlon so trated stances in which they are mixed. A still to give density incorporated therewith.
  • f further object is. to'provide a process for obtaining said material in said desirable condition.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a colloid product, such as treated gelatin, the usefulness of which for forming light sensitive photographic emulsions; notbly developing-out ones, is increased" and controlled by my said sensitizing material
  • Another object of i the invention is to provide a corresponding process for making said intermediate colloid product.
  • the first operation. in practising my invention is the preparation of the sensitizing material. Be ng of biochemical origin, it is preferably concentrated, or separated from the organic tissues, or bulky products from such tissues, with which it is associat ed. For example, it originates in the tissues that yield gelatins and is carried into the latter during their manufacture. Such 'gelatins especially those. prepared for photog'raphic use, are, therefore, useful sources fromwhi'ch my sensitizing material may be derived. Not-all gelatins contain it to the same extent.
  • the encess watery solution which is often somewhat viscous,can be poured off from the gelatin.- The yield is improved if some of the liquid also bepressed out of the gelatin,
  • the liquid which hastakeitup the necessary substances from Y the gelatin,' constitutes an excellent sensitizing material.
  • Water may, however, be evaporated from it, making .it still more con .centrated, such evaporation beingconducted during the soaking, or afterward, or both.
  • the ultimate paste, and even the substantially dry material, reached by. continued drying, likewise constitute concentrated sen- .sitizing materials. Such materials are, in
  • the sensitizing materialv is, therefore, for all practical purposes, freed from the bulk of organic tissues and their bulky derivatives, such as gelatin, with which it was initially associated. Stated in another way, the proportion of active sensitizing bodies in the final material is larger than they proportion .in the sources from which it is prepared. This makes it especially useful because it can be incorporated into emulsions without undesirably diuse less than 100% excess "of liquid.
  • the proportion of rial added to the emulsions will vary accordunderstood by those skilled in .ing to the nature of the latter, according to the concentration of the sensitizing material and according to creasev in' the light sensitiveness which is desired. It can be readily adjust- --ied .by trial on samples of the emulsion.
  • the sensitizing material is made as above descrlbed using a 10% excess of water,
  • having good initial senman be: effected in one step by thoroughly stirring all of the sensitizing material into the flowableemulsion at one time; or it may be incorporated a little at a time in successive steps.
  • the following example illustrates how a light sensitive photographic emulsion may be prepared and improved by the aid of my sensitizing material.
  • my invention is 'not restricted to this illustration but is applicable in the cases of .thevery large number of widely different. emulsions in this art.
  • emulsion For example,
  • the halide salts are first dissolved, the water and the gelatin-then added to the salt solution. warmed, say to 140 ample; and the silvernitrate solution gradually added to it with constant stirring. It is preferable to warm solution A before adding it to B, say tov150 F., or 160 F., for instance.
  • Solution 13 is'then F., or 150 F., for exiVhen solution A has been thoroughly incorporated in solution B, there are then added 43 parts of strong ammonia previously dissolved in 900 parts of water. The emulsion formed by these operations is allowed to stand fora short-time, say 15 minutes to a half hour, for example. Then, 1050 parts of gelatin are dissolved in it with thorough mixing.
  • y-My sensitizing material may be usefully incorporated at any stage of the above described process of,.-prepa'ring the emulsion, even being pre-miredwith solutionsv A or' B or 'with the ammonia or with the gelatin at the initial stagesh It is convenient to add it to the otherwise complete melted emulsion pr or to coating on supports at the final stage in the process of preparing the the the emulsion is reit 15 parts by volume of my sensitizing material (say theaqueous'preparation formed as above describedby using10% excess of water over that ab orbed by the, gelatine) for each 1000 parts by Volume of emulsion. Since the actual sensitizing.
  • liquid preparation bodies are only a smallpart of the colloidized solids in such preparation and since such solids total. as only .a small proportion ofsaid liquid preparation bodies are very useful when addeil much less-than one part per thousand of emulsion by weight, in fact often less than one part'in that the additionof this preparation does no substantiallv dilute the emulsion, being of the order of' twoper 'centor less.
  • emulsion making and coating process such as the use of non-actinic or safe light, cleanness of vessels and air, etc.
  • the different gelatins sold for photographic emulsion making may be used in the example given above, hard ones being very useful.
  • the temperatures given are, of course, adjusted if the particular gelatin employed has physical properties, such as melt ing and setting points, which deviate considerably from the usual ones, such adjust ment being a matter of routine control.
  • gelatins which give emulsions of useful but lower sensitiveness even before the addition or my sensitiz ing material an almost inert ge atin may be employedone which forms an emulsion which produces a developable image only after impractically long exposures, and then does not yield an image of desirabledensity
  • a gelatin which forms such a nearly inert 'emulsion may be prepared in the way de-.
  • sensitizing material as a liquid
  • the residue obtained from evaporating oil the water from said liquid can be added directly to the emulsion.
  • emulsions containing my sensitizing material have improved stability or keeping qualities because of the purification of said material.
  • My sensitizing material maybe incorpo rated 'mto gelatin with which photographic made from the mixture have increased light sensitiveness. as compared with those made from corresponding unstrengthened gelatin.
  • the proportion of sensitizing material is,
  • My sensitizing material acts as a so-called "chemieaP sensitizer instead of an optical sensitizer.
  • it increases the general sensitiveness of developingout photographic emulsions in which it is incorporatedythat is, to-light of substantially the same wave lengths as those to which the emulsion is sensitive before my material is added; instead of merely increasing sensitiveness to light of wave lengths the same or nearly the same as those absorbed by it. It has erties, unlike dyes.
  • the general sensitiveness is increased; that is, throughout the normal spectral range of the emulsion instead of at only those points corresponding to the strong spectral absorption of'dye sensitizing material.
  • My inaterial is effective in increasing the general sensitiveness of orthochromatic, panchromatic, .X-ray, and all special emulsions, as well as the ordinary or non-color-se'nsitized ones. It is preferpractically no coloring. 'propably added separatelyorindependently ot' the sensitizing dye generally, but not neces- Sarily before any dye. It is especially effective in emulsions of the ammonia or alkaline type. b
  • my sensitizing material can act by itself' to increasethe light sensitiveness; but ripening steps are preferably emetiect of either or both of such s to help increase the light sensitivesteps,
  • VVhile I have ployed, such as curring harmfully diluting the emulsion. It does not act asa photographic developer.
  • gelatin emulsions because at the present time they are the ones which especially the developing-out -ones. Moreover, they form the best medium for testing my sensitizing materials, the characteristic action of such materials on such emulsions being one of the best identifying criteria of such sensitizing materials.
  • -tures of. them with each other or with gelatin Where their nature admits such mix- Other organic colloids and 1111K tures, maybe used in making light sens tive emulsions which can be improved by adding my sensitizing material.
  • Albumens, agaragar, gums, such as gum arabic, cellulpsic derivatives such as collodion, are instanbed.
  • a substantially colorless organic hotographic sensitizing material derived .rom animal tissues said material having the property of increasing-the light sensitiveness of photographic gelatino-silver-halide emulsions and being in a eoncentrated' 'torm substantially free from said tissues and from :bulky products thereof.
  • a biochemical sensitizing material derived from animal sources which acts to increase the general light sensitiveness of gelatinQsiIVer-halide emulsions of the alkaline type, when it is incorporated therein, without acting to alter the grain size characteristics thereof, said material being in concentrated form substantially free from its normally associated bulgy unhy'drolyzed diluents.
  • a concentrated, purified, substantially colorless biochemical sensitizing material which is capable, even in, the absence of dyes, of increasing the light sensitiveness of gelatino-silver-halide emulsions without interfering with the grain characteristics thereof, said material being substantially free from normally associated unhydrolyzedgelatin.
  • a light sensitive emulsion comprising a colloid, particles of photographic sensitive salts suspended therein, and an independent organic sensitizing material difierent from said colloid upon which at leastpart of the general lightsensitiveness of the emulsion depends.
  • a photo no-silver-hali e light sensitiveness comprising a mixture 0 aphic developing-out gelatiemulsion of relatively high the constituents of a gelatino-silver-halideemulsion of lower light sensitiveness and an independent biochemical sensitizing material upon which depends the difierence between said lower and said high light sensitlvfieSS.
  • a photographic gelatino -silver halideemulsion of the alkaline type comprising a mixture of gelatin, silver halide particles, and a biochemical sensitizing material, sub-. stantially free from itsnormally associated bulky impurities, which increases the light sensitiveness of said emulsion.
  • a photographic gelatino-silvershalide emuls on comprising a suspension in-gelatin of silver halide particles, and an independent biochemical sensitizing extract upon which at least part of the light sensitiveness of said emulsion depends, the volume of said extract being less than the order of 2 per cent of the total volume of the emulsion.
  • A. photographic gelatino-silver halide emulsion of relatively high light sensitiveness substantially free from dye sensitizers comprising a mixture of the constituents of a gelatino-silver-halide emulsion, havin determined grain size characteristics and lower light sensitiveness, and independent biochemical sensitizing material upon which depends the difierence between said lower and said high light sensitiveness While said grain size characteristics remain substantially constant.
  • a photographic gelatino-silver-halide emulsion of the alkaline type comprising a suspension in gelatin of silver halide part cles and an independent biochemical sens tizing material, the percentage of light sensitiveness due tosaid material. being greater than the percentage of the total volume taken up by said material.
  • a photographic gelatino-silver-hahde emulsion comprising a suspension in gelatin of silverhalide particles and an independent biochemical sensitizing material, the prpportion of the light sensitiveness of said emulsion due to said material being of the order of magnitude of 95 per cent, While the volume of the material is of the order of magnitude of 2 per cent of the volume of the emulsion.
  • a photographic gelatino-silver-halide emulsion comprising the constituents of a gelatino-silver-halide emulsion of a lower light sensitiveness of the order of one-twentieth of the light sensitiveness of the first named emulsion and an independent biochemical sensitizing extract upon which the greater light sensitiveness of the first named emulsion depends, said sensitizing extract being substantially free from effect upon the non-photographic qualities of said emulsions.
  • a photographic gelatino-silver-halide emulsion substantially free from sensitizing dye comprising a mixture of gelatin, silver halide particles, and an independent organic sensitizing material upon which at least part of thelight-sensitiveness of said emulsion depends, said material being substantially free from effect upon the non-photographic qualities of said emulsion.
  • A. photographic gelatino-silver-halide emulsion comprising gelatin, silver halide particles suspended therein, and an independent biochemical sensitizing extract upon which at least part of the light sensitiveness of said emulsion depends, the physical properties of said emulsion which correspond to the physical properties of said gelatin being substantially unaltered by said sensitizing extract.
  • a photographic gelatino-silver-halidc emulsion having characteristics of manufacturing standard comprising the constituents of a gelatino-silver-halide emulsion of substandard light sensitiveness but otherwise of standard characteristics and an independent concentrated biochemical sensitizing material upon which the difierence between said substandard and standard light sensitiveness depends, the other characteristics being substantially independent of said sensitizing material.
  • a photographic gelatino-silvenhalidc emulsion comprising a mixture of gelatin, silver halide particles, and an organic sensitizing material upon which at least part of the light sensitiveness of said emulsion depends irrespective of dye sensitizers, said material being substantially free from bulky colloids.
  • a photographic gelatino-silver-halide emulsion having light sensitiveness over a definite spectral range and having definite grain size characteristics, said emulsion comprising the constituents of a gelatino-silverhalide emulsion having substantially the same definite grain size characteristics but having a relatively lower light sensitiveness over said spectral range and a sensitizing material upon which depends the difference in light sensitiveness between the first named emulsion and said second named emulsion over said spectral range, the grain size characteristics being substantially independent'of said sensitizing material.
  • a photographic colloid-si-lver-halide emulsion comprising a colloid, silver-halide particles suspended therein and a biochemical sensitizing material different from said colloid upon which the general light sensitiveness of said emulsion depends, the ratio of said material to said silver halide being substantially independent of the ratio of said colloid to said silver-halide.
  • a pl'iotographic gelatino-silver-halide emulsion comprising gelatin, silver halide particles suspended therein and a sensitizing material upon which a large part of the light sensitiveness of said emulsion depends independently of dyes, the ratio of gelatin to silver-halide being substantially unaffected by said material.
  • An intermediate free from silver salts and halid salts for use in making photographic emulsions comprising an emulsionforming colloid and an independent biochemical sensitizing material difi'erent therefrom and incorporated therein, said material being substantially free from its normally associated bulky diluents, said intermediate havingthe property of forming emulsions of higher light sensitiveness than those formed under parallel conditions from said colloid without the material.
  • An intermediate for use in making photographic emulsions comprising a biochemical emulsion-forming ⁇ colloid and an independent biochemical sensitizing material difierent from said colloid incorporated therein, said material being derived from a biochemical source but containing a higher concentration of active sensitizing bodies.
  • An intermediate for forming photographic gelatino-silver-halide emulsions comprising a mixture of gelatin and an independent sensitizing material from a gelatin source, said material being substantially free from its normally associated gelatin, and said intermediate having the property of forming gelatino-silver-halide emulsions of greater general light sensitiveness than those formed under parallel conditions from said first named gelatin without said material.
  • An intermediate for use'in making photographic emulsions comprising an emulsion-forming colloid and an independent sensitizing material without dye sensitizing action, said intermediate havin the property of forming emulsions of big er light sensitiveness than those formed under parallel conditions from said colloid without said material.
  • An intermediate for forming hotographic gelatino-silver-halide emu sions comprising a mixture of gelatm and an mdependent sensitizing material in concen-.
  • said intermediate having the property of forming gelatino-silver-halide emulsions of, higher light sensitiveness, ir-v respective of the action of dyes and morganic sensitizers, than those formed under said tissues and from bulky products thereof and capable of increasing the light sensitiveness of said emulsions before silver salts or halid salts are incorporated therein.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
  • Seasonings (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
US718409A 1924-06-06 1924-06-06 Art of light-sensitive photographic materials Expired - Lifetime US1600736A (en)

Priority Applications (15)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US718411A US1574944A (en) 1924-06-06 1924-06-06 Photographic light-sensitive material and process of making the same
US718410A US1574943A (en) 1924-06-06 1924-06-06 Art of light-sensitive photographic materials
US718409A US1600736A (en) 1924-06-06 1924-06-06 Art of light-sensitive photographic materials
FR599933D FR599933A (fr) 1924-06-06 1925-06-03 Perfectionnement dans l'industrie des matières photographiques
FR599934D FR599934A (fr) 1924-06-06 1925-06-03 Perfectionnements dans les matières photographiques et dans leurs procédés de fabrication
FR599932D FR599932A (fr) 1924-06-06 1925-06-03 Perfectionnement dans l'industrie des matières photographiques
DEE32600D DE441934C (de) 1924-06-06 1925-06-04 Verfahren zur Herstellung von organischen Stoffen zur Erhoehung der Lichtempfindlichkeit von Emulsionen, beispielsweise Gelatinesilberhaloid-Emulsionen
DEE32601D DE439372C (de) 1924-06-06 1925-06-04 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer lichtempfindlichen Emulsion
DEE32599D DE433043C (de) 1924-06-06 1925-06-04 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines organischen oder biochemischen lichtempfindlich machenden Stoffes
GB14630/25A GB235210A (en) 1924-06-06 1925-06-05 Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of photographic emulsions
GB14629/25A GB235209A (en) 1924-06-06 1925-06-05 Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of photographic emulsions
NL30418A NL21355C (cs) 1924-06-06 1925-06-06
US82847A US1602592A (en) 1924-06-06 1926-01-21 Photographic light-sensitive material containing selenium and process of making the same
US82846A US1602591A (en) 1924-06-06 1926-01-21 Photographic light-sensitive material containing tellurium and process of making the same
US82845A US1602590A (en) 1924-06-06 1926-01-21 Utilization of biochemical light-sensitizing extracts in the art of photographic materials

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US718411A US1574944A (en) 1924-06-06 1924-06-06 Photographic light-sensitive material and process of making the same
US718409A US1600736A (en) 1924-06-06 1924-06-06 Art of light-sensitive photographic materials
US718410A US1574943A (en) 1924-06-06 1924-06-06 Art of light-sensitive photographic materials
US82847A US1602592A (en) 1924-06-06 1926-01-21 Photographic light-sensitive material containing selenium and process of making the same
US82846A US1602591A (en) 1924-06-06 1926-01-21 Photographic light-sensitive material containing tellurium and process of making the same
US82845A US1602590A (en) 1924-06-06 1926-01-21 Utilization of biochemical light-sensitizing extracts in the art of photographic materials

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1600736A true US1600736A (en) 1926-09-21

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Family Applications (6)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US718409A Expired - Lifetime US1600736A (en) 1924-06-06 1924-06-06 Art of light-sensitive photographic materials
US718411A Expired - Lifetime US1574944A (en) 1924-06-06 1924-06-06 Photographic light-sensitive material and process of making the same
US718410A Expired - Lifetime US1574943A (en) 1924-06-06 1924-06-06 Art of light-sensitive photographic materials
US82845A Expired - Lifetime US1602590A (en) 1924-06-06 1926-01-21 Utilization of biochemical light-sensitizing extracts in the art of photographic materials
US82847A Expired - Lifetime US1602592A (en) 1924-06-06 1926-01-21 Photographic light-sensitive material containing selenium and process of making the same
US82846A Expired - Lifetime US1602591A (en) 1924-06-06 1926-01-21 Photographic light-sensitive material containing tellurium and process of making the same

Family Applications After (5)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US718411A Expired - Lifetime US1574944A (en) 1924-06-06 1924-06-06 Photographic light-sensitive material and process of making the same
US718410A Expired - Lifetime US1574943A (en) 1924-06-06 1924-06-06 Art of light-sensitive photographic materials
US82845A Expired - Lifetime US1602590A (en) 1924-06-06 1926-01-21 Utilization of biochemical light-sensitizing extracts in the art of photographic materials
US82847A Expired - Lifetime US1602592A (en) 1924-06-06 1926-01-21 Photographic light-sensitive material containing selenium and process of making the same
US82846A Expired - Lifetime US1602591A (en) 1924-06-06 1926-01-21 Photographic light-sensitive material containing tellurium and process of making the same

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (6) US1600736A (cs)
DE (3) DE441934C (cs)
FR (3) FR599933A (cs)
GB (2) GB235209A (cs)
NL (1) NL21355C (cs)

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FR599932A (fr) 1926-01-25
FR599934A (fr) 1926-01-25
US1602592A (en) 1926-10-12
US1574944A (en) 1926-03-02
GB235209A (en) 1926-12-06
US1574943A (en) 1926-03-02
DE439372C (de) 1927-01-12
DE433043C (de) 1926-08-24
US1602591A (en) 1926-10-12
GB235210A (en) 1926-12-06
NL21355C (cs) 1930-03-15
FR599933A (fr) 1926-01-25
DE441934C (de) 1927-03-18
US1602590A (en) 1926-10-12

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