UA81159C2 - Method and device for transporting and cleaning tuberous roots - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for transporting and cleaning tuberous roots includes transporting a heap, delivering thereof onto cleaning working elements and taking the cleaned tuberous roots aside. Prior to delivery onto cleaning working elements the heap is forcedly continuously distributed along the entire surface of a cleaning working element by a layer in such a manner as to allow regulating thickness thereof. A device for transporting and cleaning tuberous roots comprises a main frame, a feeding conveyer, a baffle brush, a cleaner as well as an unloading conveyer. After the feeding conveyer a heap distributor is mounted. It consists of a collecting tray, under the lower end of which on a hinge a triangular unit of driving rollers of different length with the same rotational direction are mounted, rotational speeds of those are consecutively increased in the downward direction. Above the last roller on supports the position of which is adjusted by height a drive smooth drum having counter rotational movement relative to the last roller is mounted with a gap. The ends of the triangular unit in the lower part contain two rollers, freely arranged on axles, which are mounted in arched guides, and one of the side parts thereof is kinematically connected to a mechanism of reciprocal movements with an adjustable frequency.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to the mechanization of agricultural production, in particular to methods used for transporting and cleaning root crops from soil. and plant impurities.

Known methods of transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, which are implemented by root and potato harvesting machines, and include operations: feeding a pile of dug root and tuber crops to separating working bodies, spreading the pile through working bodies that separate it from soil and plant impurities and unloading it into a vehicle | see, for example, the book: Yu.B. Avanesov, Bessarabov

V.I., Rusanov I.I. Beet harvesting machines. - Moscow: Kolos, 1979). A distinctive feature of the known methods is that the pile of excavated roots and tubers is located for a long time (up to 30 sec.) on different working organs that separate according to the principle of action, the roots and tubers move along them chaotically, and the interaction of each root and tuber with the working organ is not always ensured due to a significant layer of soil, therefore, their cleaning is often very uneven. In other cases, part of the roots and tubers are injured due to excessive contact with cleaning working bodies, and sometimes a significant part of them remains uncleaned at all.

The closest to the proposed method is the method that consists of the operations of feeding a pile of dug root vegetables to the separating working bodies, dispersing the pile of root vegetables on the working bodies and interacting with active dispersing and cleaning working bodies, and unloading the cleaned root vegetables into a vehicle | see the book: "Beet harvesting machines. Design and calculation", L.V. Pogorely, N.V. Tatyanko, V.V. Brey. etc. Ed. L.V. Burnt - K.: Technika, 1983. - p. 38, fig. 10 - prototype).

The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of cleaning, due to the fact that the pile of roots and tubers, together with soil and plant impurities, without being dispersed, at a constant speed, sometimes with a layer of considerable thickness, is fed successively to different types of cleaning working bodies with different throughput, which with 29 slows down the work process, and roots and tubers together with impurities (directly connected with impurities) Ge) pass from one purifying working body to another practically without separating. The removal of soil and plant impurities is significantly slowed down due to the fact that the pile is actually undistributed at all stages of cleaning, as a result of which root vegetables together with impurities represent a single (sometimes very compressed) mass. F

The closest to the device that implements the proposed method of transportation and cleaning of root and tuber crops is the device whose essence is found in (AS USSR Mo1752240, AO1017/04, AO1027/04, publ. 07.08.1992, bull. Mo29 - prototype), which includes a separating working body, which consists of sequentially - installed different types of cleaners, behind which a transverse rod conveyor is installed, above which (and «- under which) blocks of cleaning brushes with elastic blades are installed.

The disadvantages of this device are the low quality of root and tuber cleaning from impurities, which is due to the fact that the root and tuber pile that is cleaned actually passes from one working organ to another in a large mass, a thick layer, in which the components (root and tuber, loose and bound soil and vegetable remains, which can also be associated with root vegetables) sometimes have very strong connections between themselves. It will be possible to separate with a high degree of quality impurities from root and tuber crops only if significant efforts are made to disperse (break up) the pile, which cannot be done with known devices. It is not always possible to disperse, and subsequently to separate a large mass of piles fed to the cleaning device, also because of the limited cleaning time. , the effective work of the prototype becomes impossible in general, due to the excessive and frequent clogging of the cleaning working organs with such impurities. Such an important feature as the specific weight of the various components of the pile of roots and tubers that are being cleaned is unfortunately not used. When separating the pile of roots and tubers, the ability of different roots and tubers is also not used - the components of the pile react in different ways to the shock pulse applied to them. -3 The invention aims to improve the quality of cleaning root vegetables from soil and plant impurities. 1 50 The task set by the invention is achieved by proposing a method of transporting and cleaning root vegetables and a device for its implementation, in as before being fed to the cleaning working bodies, the pile is forcibly and continuously spread over the entire surface of the cleaning working body in a layer with the possibility of adjusting its thickness, and after the feeding conveyor, a pile spreader is installed, which consists of an inclined collection tray, under the lower end of which a triangular block is mounted on a hinge drive rollers with the same direction of rotation, of different lengths, whose angular velocities are consecutive

GF) increase in the downward direction, and above the last roller on supports, the positions of which are adjustable in height, a drive smooth drum is installed with this gap, which has a counter-rotational movement in relation to the last roller, while the ends of the triangular block in the lower part contain freely installed on the axes, there are two rollers that are placed in arc-shaped guides, and one of its side parts is kinematically connected to the mechanism of 60 reciprocating movements with an adjustable frequency.

Thus, in the existing set of operations for transporting and cleaning a pile of root vegetables, a new operation is introduced for forced continuous spreading of the pile with a thin layer (or a layer whose dimensions can be adjusted) over the entire surface of the cleaning working body. At the same time, the pile layer that is spread can be of different thickness, i.e. depending on the condition of the soil, the thickness of the pile layer that is spread directly can be adjusted within the necessary limits. In contrast to the existing methods, the high quality of root and tuber cleaning from soil and plant impurities is achieved due to the fact that the pile layer containing root and tuber fruits is not fed to one place of the cleaning working body, but is forcibly and continuously spread over the entire surface of the cleaning working body (which can be carried out and at different scattering speeds). Such portioned delivery of parts of the pile to different points of the cleaning working body actually very effectively (and very simply) disperses the pile into its individual components, breaks its internal connections, as a result of which the cleaning working body with a high degree of efficiency carries out subsequent cleaning of root crops. The transition of pile layers to the surface of the cleaning working body during their spreading occurs in space, while the weight of the pile components is effectively used, and the spreading 70 takes place (to cover the entire plane of the cleaner) in a perpendicular direction. It also contributes to the effective dispersion of the root tuber pile in the space when it is transferred to the cleaning working body. In this case, the entire separating surface of the cleaning working body is used very effectively, because when the pile is spread in a layer with a thickness that can be adjusted, because when the next section of this surface is loaded, the previous one has time to free itself, finishing the separation of the received part of the pile, and so /5 on. The parameters of the new operation for forced continuous spreading of a thin layer of pile over the entire surface of the cleaning working body should be such as to ensure continuous uniform loading of the entire cleaning surface. At the same time, the thickness. layer of the pile should be regulated in such a way that the dispersion of the pile is maximum, and the destruction of internal connections inside the pile is almost one hundred percent. 20 The device, with the help of which it is proposed to carry out this method of transportation and cleaning of root vegetables, is schematically shown in Fig. 1 - a general side view. Fig. 2 shows view A in Fig. 1.

The device for transporting and cleaning roots and tubers consists of a main frame 1, a feeding conveyor 2, above the output end of which is installed a reflective brush C with elastic rods. Next, there is a pile spreader, which consists of a collection tray 4 installed at an angle, under the lower end of which, on a hinge 5, which is fixed on the main frame 1, a triangular block 6 is installed (the apex of an isosceles triangle is located in the hinge 5), consisting of drive rollers 7 (the drive is not shown). Drive rollers 7 have the same direction of rotation (in the direction - from the hinge 5 and down) and different lengths, so that the upper roller 7 is the shortest, and the lower one is the longest. The angular velocities of the drive rollers 7 are also different, and at the same time they consistently increase in the downward direction. Thus, Ge! zo Angular velocity o. the shortest roller has a lower angular velocity than the longest roller. Above the last roller 7 (that is, the roller with the greatest length) with a gap in the supports, the position of which is regulated by height, a drive smooth drum 8 is installed, the direction of rotation of which is opposite to the last roller 7. Under the lower end of the triangular block 6 are placed two fixed arc-shaped guides 9 inside which are installed rollers 10, which are freely placed on the axes, which are fixed in the lower part of the triangular block 6. One - 35 of the side parts of the triangular block b is connected to the mechanism 12 Ge) by means of a kinematic link 11 translational movements. The mechanism 12 (epicyclic mechanism) can provide reciprocating movements of the triangular block b in its plane with a different frequency, which can be adjusted, between two extreme positions. Under the output end of the heap spreader (that is, under the last drive roller 7) there is a cleaner 13, which is an obliquely installed block of cleaning rollers that have a pair of " 40 counter-rotating motion. Under the lower end of the cleaner 13, an unloading conveyor 14 is installed. It is also located horizontally. The upper part of the collecting tray 4 is covered by a shaped screen 15. The directions and movements of the root tuber pile, rotational and oscillating movements of the working organs of the device are shown by "" arrows.

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables works as follows. A pile of 45 root crops is fed by the conveyor 2 and the deflecting brush C directs it to the surface of the collection tray 4 installed at an angle. At the same time, the pile of root crops is somewhat dispersed, and the shaped screen contributes to the fall of the pile, which is captured by the rods of the elastic brush C, exactly on the collection tray 4. - After that, the pile of root crops slides down and falls on the spreader of the pile, that is, on the surface of the triangular block 6, directly on the first, shortest drive roller 7. Due to the rotation with an angular speed of 5 o. the upper drive roller 7 is guaranteed to transfer a pile of root vegetables to the next one

Mn roller 7, which rotates with a higher angular speed. When reaching the last drive roller 7 (Che) (that is, the roller with the greatest length) which rotates with the largest angular velocity c, the root tuber pile receives the maximum acceleration and falls into the gap between the last drive roller 7 and the drive smooth drum 8. Given that the last drive roller 7 and the drive smooth drum 8 have a counter-rotating movement, the pile of root vegetables is captured by them and through the specified gap a layer of a certain thickness (which is determined by the dimensions of this gap) leaves the pile spreader with a certain speed of movement. However, due to the fact that the upper end of the triangular block 6 is installed in the hinge 5, and its lower part is made movable, the pile layer is scattered downward not in one place, but with the translational movement of the lower end of the triangular block 6 from one extreme position to the other, that is, on the entire outer surface of the cleaner 13. The reciprocating movements of the lower end of the triangular block b are ensured by installing its upper end in the hinge 5, as well as rollers 10 freely installed on the axes, which roll inside the fixed arc-shaped guides 9, and one of its sides thanks to the kinematic link 11 is connected to the mechanism 12 of reciprocating movements. That is, the lower end of the triangular block 6 moves forward from one extreme position to the other, thanks to the mechanism 12 of reciprocating movements, 65 while spreading a thin layer of a pile of roots and tubers over the entire surface of the cleaner 13. Further, the pile of roots and tubers, significantly torn and dispersed into separate components, moves downwards already on the separating surface of the cleaner 13, as a result of which soil and plant remains are captured by its rollers and carried in the opposite direction, that is, outside the device. And the tubers, which in the vast majority have the shape of round bodies, are guaranteed to roll down and fall on the surface of the unloading conveyor 14, which also carries them outside the device. The mechanism 12 provides the lower end of the triangular block 6 with reciprocating movements with a different frequency, which can be adjusted. Thus, if a lot of pile is fed for cleaning, which is wet and contains many rhizomes, the frequency of reciprocating movements created by the mechanism of 12 reciprocating movements should be greater. In this case, the pile will be crushed into thin layers and will be scattered with greater intensity. If the pile of root vegetables is dry 7/0 | sand mechanism 12 should provide reciprocating movements with a lower frequency. The gap between the last driving roller 7 of the triangular block 6 and the driving smooth drum 8 actually determines the thickness of the pile layer that is spread over the surface of the cleaner 13. For the above reasons, this gap should also be chosen depending on the condition of the soil. Namely, in the case of separation of wet and bound soil, this gap should be smaller, if cleaning of dry and sandy soil is carried out, the specified gap can be increased. 7/5 However, in any case, when passing through the specified gap, the bodies of root vegetables should not be damaged. The outer surfaces of the drive rollers 7 can be smooth, or they can have small ridges for better gripping of a bunch of root vegetables. The values of the angular velocities of the drive rollers 7, starting from o and ending at y, are chosen such that, taking into account the frequency of reciprocating movements of the lower end of the triangular block 6, layers of a pile of root vegetables of a certain thickness and evenly over its entire surface will be scattered on the cleaner 13. The angular velocity of the smooth drum 8 must be synchronized with the angular velocity c"; of the last roller 7 of the triangular block b, for guaranteed capture of a pile of root vegetables and giving it a certain spreading speed. There are other options for devices that could implement this method of transporting and cleaning root vegetables from impurities.

The use of this method of transportation and cleaning will improve the quality of cleaning Ha of root crops from soil and plant impurities by 30...40965. at

Claims (2)

The formula of the invention is 1. The method of transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, which includes transporting the pile, feeding it to the cleaning working bodies and removing the cleaned root and tuber crops, which differs in that before being fed to the cleaning working bodies, the pile is forcibly continuously scattered over the entire surface of the cleaning - working body layer with the possibility of adjusting its thickness. 2. A device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, consisting of a main frame - Зз5 feeding conveyor, a chipping brush, a cleaner, as well as an unloading conveyor, (which differs in that a heap spreader is installed after the feeding conveyor, which consists of an inclined collecting tray, under the lower end of which a triangular block of drive rollers with the same direction of rotation, of different lengths, whose angular velocities successively increase in the downward direction, is installed on the hinge, and above the last roller on supports whose positions are adjustable in height, a drive smooth drum is installed with a gap , which has a rotational movement opposite to the last roller shsh s, while the ends of the triangular block in the lower part contain two rollers freely installed on the axes, which are placed in arc-shaped guides, and one of its side parts is kinematically connected to the mechanism " » reciprocating movements with a frequency that can be adjusted here (ee) - - c 50 3e) F) ime) 60 b5