UA80180C2 - Method and device for transporting and cleaning tuberous roots - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is used while carrying out mechanization of agricultural production for raising the quality of cleaning the surfaces of tuberous roots from wet adhered soil by 20...25%. The forced cleaning of the surfaces of roots from adhered wet soil is carried out prior to delivery thereof onto separating working elements. To this end a cleaner ismade of driving ribbed rollers, which form a surface, oval in a longitudinal and vertical plane inside which the driven cleaner of tuberous roots from the wet adhered soil is arranged, this is made astwo drive toothed rollers of a small diameter, which counterrotate and move in internal arched guides by means of mechanisms of reciprocal movements. A finger arched roots conveyer is arranged from above of the surface stated.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to the mechanization of agricultural production, in particular to the methods used for transporting and cleaning root crops from soil and plant impurities.

Known methods of transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, which are implemented by root and potato harvesting machines, and include operations: feeding a pile of dug root and tuber crops to separating working bodies, spreading the pile through working bodies that separate it from soil and plant impurities and unloading it into a vehicle | see, for example, the book: Avanesov Yu.B., Bessarabov 70 you, Rusanov I.I. Beet harvesting machines. - M.: Kolos, 1979.|.

The main disadvantage of such methods is the low quality of cleaning root crops from impurities. Despite the fact that the pile of excavated root crops is located on different, separating working organs for quite a long time (up to 30 seconds), the root crops move along them chaotically and the interaction of each root crop with the working organ is not always ensured due to a significant layer of soil, so their cleaning 72 is often very uneven. In other cases, part of the roots and tubers are injured due to excessive contact with cleaning working organs, and sometimes a significant part of them remains uncleaned at all.

The closest to the proposed method is the method that consists of the operations of feeding a pile of dug root vegetables to the separating working bodies, dispersing the pile of root vegetables on the working bodies and interacting with active dispersing and cleaning working bodies, and unloading the cleaned root vegetables into a vehicle | see the book: "Beet harvesting machines. Design and calculation". L.V. Pogorelii, N.V. Tatyanko, V.V. Bray. etc. Ed. L. V. Pogorely. - K.: Technika, 1983. - p. 38, fig. 10 - prototype).

The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of cleaning, due to the fact that the pile of roots and tubers, together with soil and plant impurities, without dispersing, with a constant speed, sometimes with a layer of considerable thickness, is fed successively to different types of cleaning working bodies with different throughput, which (3 slows down work process, and root crops together with impurities (directly connected with impurities) pass from one cleaning working body to another practically without being separated. The removal of soil and plant impurities is significantly slowed down due to the fact that the pile is actually undistributed at all stages of cleaning, as a result of which roots and tubers together with impurities represent a single (sometimes very compressed) mass.

The closest to the device that implements the proposed method of transporting and cleaning root vegetables is the device whose essence is found in (AS USSR Mo1752240, AO1017/04, AO1027/04, publ. -- 07.08.1992, bull. Mo29 - prototype| ), which includes a separating working body, which consists of consecutively installed Ha") different types of cleaners, behind which a transverse rod conveyor is installed, above (and under which) cleaning brush blocks with elastic blades are installed. co

The disadvantages of this device are the low quality of root and tuber cleaning from impurities, which is due to the fact that the pile of root and tuber that is cleaned actually passes from one working organ to another with a large mass, a thick layer, in which the components (root and tuber, loose and bound soil and plant remains , "5 which can also be connected with roots and tubers) sometimes have very strong connections between themselves. It will be possible to separate Z 70 with a high quality of impurities from root and tuber crops only if significant efforts are made to disperse (break up) the pile, which is impossible to do with known devices. It is not always possible to disperse, and subsequently to separate a large mass of piles fed to the cleaning device, also due to the limited cleaning time. Unfortunately, such an important feature as the specific weight of the various components of the bunch of roots and tubers being cleaned is not used. If the surfaces of root crops have a significant layer of sticky wet soil, then it is impossible to separate the sticky wet soil, because the existing working bodies are not capable of performing compression operations (for a limited time) av! roots and tubers and forced cleaning of wet soil.

The invention sets the task of improving the quality of cleaning the surfaces of root crops from wet - sticky soil. o 20 To achieve this, a method of transporting and cleaning root vegetables and a device for its implementation is proposed, in which, before being fed to the separating working bodies, the surfaces of root vegetables are forcibly cleaned from sticky wet soil, and the cleaner is made of drive grooved rollers that create an oval, longitudinal - a vertical plane, a surface in the middle of which is located a drive cleaner of roots and tubers from wet sticky soil in the form of two drive toothed rollers of a small diameter of 29, which counter-rotate and generally move in the internal arc-shaped guides with the help of

GF) mechanisms of reciprocating movements, and on top of the indicated surface a finger-like arc-shaped transporter of root and tuber crops is installed. o Thus, a new operation for forced cleaning of the surfaces of 60 root crops from moist sticky soil is introduced into the existing set of operations for transporting and cleaning root crops from soil impurities and plant residues. To perform this operation, it is necessary to fulfill the following conditions: somehow fix the root crops for a while and apply separate combing efforts to them.

The implementation of this new technological process can definitely be carried out if the root crops are continuously moved in different directions, with different working bodies, which will have different kinematic characteristics and generally have such conditions under which it will be performed. To capture and hold for some (short) time, it is necessary to use a toothed surface, which in general will slow down the rotational movement of the roots and tubers around their own axes. Capture and removal of wet soil can be carried out with rollers that have a rubber coating. The specified new operation for forced cleaning of the surfaces of root crops from sticky wet soil should be carried out with minimal damage to root crops.

The device with which it is proposed to carry out this method of transporting and cleaning root vegetables is schematically shown in Fig. - general side view.

The device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops consists of a feeding conveyor 1, above the output end of which a chop brush 2 with elastic rods is installed. Next, there is a 7/0 inclined finger cleaning slide Z, the blade of which has short fingers for capturing vegetable impurities, and the direction of its rotation is towards the feeding conveyor 1. On the back side of the finger cleaning slide Z, a drive comber for impurities is installed 4. Under the lower end of the finger cleaning slide slides C is a raised cleaner 5, which is made of driving grooved rollers 6 (the surfaces of the rollers 6 can have a rubber coating), which create an oval, in the longitudinal-vertical plane, a cleaning surface that is located horizontally, and the direction of rotation is the same for all rollers 6 - to of the outlet end of the cleaner 5. In the middle of the oval surface of the cleaner 5, there is a drive cleaner for roots and tubers from wet sticky soil, in the form of two drive toothed rollers 7, which have small diameters and are connected to the drive (not shown) in a rotational movement in the opposite direction (direction rotation of each toothed roller 7 "inside", if viewed from below the rollers). At the same time, two drive toothed rollers 7 are installed at the ends of the brackets 8, the lower ends of which move in two internal arc-shaped guides 9, and the upper ones are kinematically connected to the mechanisms 170 of reciprocating movements (that is, mechanisms that provide periodic movements from one end of arc-shaped guides 9 to the second with a given speed). The drive toothed rollers 7 move over the surface created by the drive grooved rollers b, at a distance A. Brackets 8, internal 1 y" arcuate guides U and drives 10 are located on both sides of the cleaner 5. Above the cleaner 5, a finger-shaped arc conveyor 11 of root vegetables is installed, the lower working the branch of which also has (o) an oval, in the longitudinal-vertical plane, surface and which is also located horizontally. At the same time, the ends of the fingers of the conveyor 11 are above the oval surface created by the driving grooved rollers 6, at a distance A (at the same time, the specified distance A may be the same along the entire length of the cleaner о в 3о 5, but may be slightly increased from the receiving end of the cleaner 5 and decrease towards its outlet (ee) end). At the outlet end of the cleaner 5, above the last drive corrugated roller 6, a drive transfer beater 12, which has a direction of rotation - towards the movement of the lower working branch of the finger - arc-shaped transport ra root and tuber crops 11. A smooth cleaning slide 13 is located under the output end of the cleaner 5, and a smooth cleaning slide 13 is installed obliquely, and a horizontal unloading conveyor 14 is installed under its lower end. The side surface on the side of the drive transfer beater 12 is covered by a protective screen 15.

The directions of movements of a pile of root vegetables and rotary movements of the working organs of the cleaner are shown by arrows.

The root tuber heap cleaner from impurities works as follows. The pile of roots and tubers is fed by the conveyor 1 and the deflector brush 2 directs it to the finger cleaning slide 3. The deflector brush 2 at the same time contributes to the fact that the pile of root and tuber crops is significantly dispersed. The short fingers of the cleaning slide З in з mainly grab the plant remains and take them (during the movement of its working branch) upwards, where they are taken away from the cleaning limits by the drive comber 4 on the reverse side. Roots, as solid bodies, despite the fact that their surfaces have a significant amount of sticky wet soil, roll (fall) along the working branch of the finger slide З (with a sufficient angle of installation of the slide З to the horizon) downwards and fall into the cleaner 5. Since the cleaner 5 is made of driving fluted rollers b, which create an oval, in the longitudinal and vertical plane, a surface that is located horizontally, while the directions of rotation of the rollers b are the same - to the output end of the cleaner 5, then the roots and tubers on which there is a sticky (ав) wet soil, they begin a guaranteed movement along the rollers 6 to the output end of the cleaner 5. At the same time, in fact, they immediately fall into the area of action of the driven root tuber cleaner from sticky wet soil and begin to contact the driven toothed rollers 7. The toothed rollers 7 have the following directions (ee) of 50 rotational movements, which during their reciprocating movements in the guides 9, thanks to the brackets 8 and drive mechanisms 10, regardless of which direction they reciprocate (toward the hill 3, or - to the transfer biter 12), in relation to the direction of rotational movements of the driving grooved rollers 6, the toothed rollers 7 always have a counter movement. And this means that regardless of the direction of translational movement, each toothed roller 7 (first or second) in some way captures the tubers and holds them for some time (it can be very insignificant), while the driven grooved rollers rotate and clean the side surfaces

GF) of root crops from sticky wet soil (that is, their reefs brush off sticky wet soil). The indicated 7 "grabbing" and "retention" of root vegetables also occurs due to the presence of a distance A. between the drive toothed rollers 7 and the surface formed by the drive grooved rollers 6, which allows the contact point 60 of the toothed roller 7 and the body of the root vegetable to be above the center of mass of the root vegetable, and therefore the root tuber, so to speak, is "wedged" between the plane created by the rollers 6 and the toothed roller 7 raised higher (at a distance A). Due to the small diameters (and the presence of teeth on their cylindrical surfaces) of the toothed rollers 7, the root tuber does not "rebound" during contact, as well as their damage. Effective combing of wet sticky soil from the bodies of root crops is also achieved due to different angular velocities of the toothed rollers 7 and drive grooved rollers 6. Further, due to the reciprocating movements of the drive toothed rollers 7 in two internal arc-shaped guides 9, which are created by the drives 10 and transmitted through the brackets 8 , root vegetables are freed from sticking

Wet soil and in some way accumulate inside the cleaner 5. The freed wet soil is captured by the drive fluted rollers 6 and carried to the reverse side of the cleaner 5, i.e. beyond the limits of cleaning.

The root vegetables, cleaned of moist sticky soil, creating a certain layer of a certain height, fall into the area of action of the fingers of the finger-shaped arc root transporter 11, which, being at a distance A from the surface formed by the drive grooved rollers 6, capture the root vegetables 2 and transport them to of the output end of the cleaner 5. The drive transfer beater 12 contributes to the quick release of the cleaner 5 from the cleaned root vegetables. After passing through the cleaner 5 and the driven transmission beater 12, the root vegetables fall onto the surface of the inclined smooth cleaning slide 13, along which, completely cleaned, they are guaranteed to roll down onto the unloading conveyor 14. To prevent the loss of root vegetables during the operation of the drive transmission beater 12, its side surface is covered with a protective screen 15. The angular and linear speeds of rotation of the working organs of the cleaner, their geometric dimensions (especially the diameters of the driving fluted rollers 6 and the driving toothed rollers 7) and the distances A and A 1 2 should take into account the type of root vegetables that are submitted for cleaning, the degree of contamination of the pile of root vegetables with impurities , productivity of the device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables, etc. This also applies to the speed of reciprocating movements of the drive toothed rollers 7. There are other options for devices that could implement this method of transporting and cleaning root vegetables from impurities.

The use of this method of transportation and cleaning will allow to improve the quality of cleaning the surfaces of roots and tubers from wet sticky soil by 20...2590.

Claims (2)

The formula of the invention 1. The method of transportation and cleaning of root and tuber crops, which includes transportation of the pile, its dispersion, feeding to the separating working bodies, cleaning from soil and plant impurities and removal of cleaned root and tuber crops, which is distinguished by the fact that before feeding to the separating working bodies, forced cleaning is carried out surfaces of root crops from sticky wet soil. -- 2. A device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops, which has a feeding conveyor, chopper (with a brush, an active cleaner, a transfer beater and an unloading conveyor, which is distinguished by the fact that the cleaner 32 is made of driven corrugated rollers that create an oval, in longitudinal-vertical plane, with a surface inside which is located a drive cleaner of roots and tubers from wet sticky soil in the form of two drive toothed rollers of small diameter, which counter-rotate and generally move in internal arc-shaped guides with the help of mechanisms of reciprocating movements, and on top of the specified "surface is installed a finger arched tuber transporter - . and? (ee) («c) - (ee) (42) name) 60 b5