RU35053U1 - Harvester "TaKi" for harvesting vegetables, mainly tomatoes and root crops - Google Patents

Description

Harvester “TaKi for harvesting vegetables, mainly tomatoes and root crops. The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to machines for harvesting juicy vegetables and root crops. A known design of a tomato harvester (1), containing the harvesting group, including the cutting part and the elevator; fruit-separating group, consisting of OUTDOOR and portable conveyors, shaking drums, fruit separator, conveyor system. Between the elevator and the portable conveyor there is a gap for dividing the heap into two streams: tomato bushes are transferred to the keyboard fruit separator, and the torn fruits, together with the earth, wake up on the external conveyor. The disadvantage of the design is the low quality indicators of the fruit separator and the separating group of the combine. A closer technical solution, selected as a prototype, is a harvester for harvesting vegetables (2), consisting of a frame, a cutting apparatus, an elevator for moving the cut mass, a mechanism for separating vegetables from the cut mass and the receiving conveyor. The mechanism comprises a separation device installed after the elevator and dividing the cut mass into two separate streams, and a device for separating vegetables from the tops, containing at least one rotating drum with protruding fingers located on the cylindrical surface, which are introduced into the tops. MGZH: AOSH45 / 00 4 also the insufficiently effective operation of the skimmer. The objective of the utility model is to create a harvester of increased productivity and reliability of the process with high quality performance of the separating and fruit separating groups. This task is achieved by the fact that a clamping device is installed over the drums of a rotary fruit separator, made in the form of rigid aprons with a soft end part towards the drums, located above the drum casings with a decreasing clearance towards their installation from the elevator and having the ability to adjust this gap, and the clamping device contains a plate with slots curved towards the drum, having with its body the smallest clearance compared to the gap between the aprons and the drums, and and the plate by a hinge mounted on the frame and biased by the elevator. This ensures greater efficiency of the fruit separator, since the installation of the clamping device allows you to reduce the initial speed and change the direction of the trajectory of the descent of the mass from the next drum under the reinforcing blow of the subsequent drum in the direction of its exit from the fruit separator. Since the mass of the heap of fruits during the passage of the fruit separator constantly changes in its volume and, accordingly, in height (separated fruits fall into the gaps between the drums), a decrease in the gap between the drum casings, aprons and the plate towards the mass outlet allows you to constantly hold (press) the mass to the housing the next drum, which provides the best tow (blow) with her fingers. The hinged hitch of the plate and its springing provide, in case of passage of a large mass of heap or large weed, automatic control of clogging of the fruit separator in the final part, where the gap between the plate and the housing of the last drum is minimal.

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h The elastic end part of the apron of the clamping device, on the one hand, reduces the damage to the fruit at the moment of contact when passing at high speed, on the other hand, provides clamping of a low layer of heap mass, since its strength by pulling the drum body is low. The objective of the utility model is also achieved by the fact that the receiving part of the slide is located under a similar section of the elevator, and the tension mechanism of the upper blade of the slide is located further than the technological gap formed by the extreme bar of the elevator and an element for separation, while a similar part of the slide is facing the counter-rotating brush, and in the zone of the mechanism of tension of the canvas of the finger slide, a device for the forced immersion of separation products is installed, made in the form of a longitudinal conveyor having an adjustment la its inclination to the horizontal, with the initial part of the longitudinal conveyor by the element separation is below its horizontal axis and above the fingers the finger slides, and between the similar portion of the elevator and the finger slide in a receiving part mounted fingerling roller, the fingers of which are included in the interdigital gap slides. There is also a fan, installed in this way under the longitudinal bar conveyor, so that the suction line of the fan is located towards the transverse conveyor, and the blower - towards the end part of the longitudinal conveyor. At the same time, the quality of separation of impurities from the heap increases and the damage to free fruits (for example, tomato) is reduced due to the fact that fruits and soil impurities from the elevator are introduced into the finger surface of the hill with speed, which provides better contact between fingers and soil lumps (stickiness) and reduces damage to the softest biologically showered fruits.

h of the heap is organized by the initial angle of inclination of the hill sheet from the elevator side and a rotating finger roller, which simultaneously serves as a cleaning element of the elevator bars and the interdigital gap of the hill) and subsequent closed fingers with an increasing gap between them and the longitudinal conveyor allows you to create different initial conditions for the approach of the heap components to the brush pile that effectively affects her work. Small impurities that have fallen on the transverse conveyor, which is the final element after the separation group, are sucked in by the fan and are blown out with the main mass being purged when falling from the longitudinal conveyor behind the back slide. The objective of the utility model is also achieved by the fact that the slide is made up of a set of rigid rods, each of which is fixed on closed endless ribbons with a gap relative to one another so that the impurities of certain fractions separated from fruits or root crops can be removed through the gap. To improve the quality of separation, a brush drum is performed sectional and the sections have a pile of different lengths as well as different stiffnesses. In addition, one or more sections have blades instead of a pile, which significantly improves the process of separation. In this case, the blades have a height less than the height of the pile. The stiffness of the pile is chosen less than the stiffness of the fingers of the slide in order to exclude injuries to the fruit. The objective of the utility model is achieved in that the slide has at least two bend sections of the upper web and this is done by the tension mechanism of the upper web, which contains rollers mounted on the frame. In the area where the fingers of the slide are open, the separation products are immersed, and where the fingers are compressed, the effect on impurities, especially soil, increases, which leads to their destruction. In this case, the fruits or root crops slip out of this area, having a lower coefficient of friction

S h the inner walls of the finger hill. The force of action on the heap at the moment of clamping with fingers can increase as each last section passes through it. This greatly improves the process of separation of impurities from the heap. The shape of a finger in the form of a truncated cone or a truncated pyramid, with a smaller base fixed to the rods of a slide, and the execution of fingers of different heights ensure the separation of fruits of different types of crops. In the zone of the initial section of the hill, a finger roller is installed, which reduces the loss of fruits and root crops and, due to the cleaning of the fingers of the hill, the quality of separation of impurities increases. In order to improve the quality of separation and reduce fruit loss in the zone of descent of the separation products from the brush, there is a device for separating separation products. The rods of this device are directed also to the side of the w; the brooms and form a comb with a certain step. The rods and sections of the pile w; the tags alternate. Using a comb allows increasing the longitudinal stiffness of the brush pile when the separation products touch it in a place where the brush pile sticks over the comb, which ultimately increases the quality of separation due to the difference in friction coefficients and dramatically reduces losses. Instead of a comb, in the area where the separation products are removed from the brush, a damping plate can be installed. The plate may have a horizontal displacement drive across the brush. In this case, with identical trajectories of the descent of different components of the heap, differences in recovery coefficients are used in the future. The quality of separation can be increased by installing the transverse conveyor relative to the brush at an angle. In the case of a large presence of impurities, this angle between the brush vertical and the web line of the transverse conveyor should be less than 90 °, otherwise more than 90 °.

e. FigL shows a TaKn harvester for harvesting vegetables, mainly tomatoes; figure 2 is a flow chart of the separation of fruits from lumps of soil and impurities; in Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the separation of fruits from stems on the fruit separator; figure 4 - device for separation with a device for the forced immersion of products made in the form of a plate; Fig. 3 is a view of one bar; in FIG. 6 - brush, longitudinal section; 7 is another embodiment of a brush; on Fig - one section of the brush, side view; in Fig.9 one protruding finger of the slide, side view; in FIG. 10 - one slide bar with fingers of different heights; in FIG. 11 - separating group with a device for separating separation products; in FIG. 12 is a view along arrow A in FIG. eleven; in FIG. 13 - separating group with a shock-absorbing plate; in FIG. 14 is a view along arrow B in FIG. thirteen; in FIG. 15 is an embodiment of a TaKi harvester for harvesting root crops, onions and garlic; in FIG. 16 - a hill having several astringes of inflection. The harvester contains a common frame 1 (figure 1), on which, in the required technological order, all the main components of the harvester are listed below. The harvester consists of a cutting or picking apparatus 2, which is counter-rotating discs, a bar, a mower or any type of digger for root crops; elevator 3, which in the upper part is made with a smaller angle to the horizon than in the initial one; a mechanism for separating vegetables and root crops from the cut mass, which contains immediately after the elevator 3 an element for separation 4 and a fruit separator 5; The separating device, made in the form of a finger slide 6, with a tension mechanism 7 of its upper blade, finger roller 8, rotary brush 9, transverse conveyor 10, is simultaneously an inspection table in its final part, fan 11, back slide 12. Element for separation 4 and fruit separator 5 are presented

system of drums with eccentrically located retractable fingers. , Rigid clamping aprons 13c are mounted above the drum with an elastic lower part 14, a plate 15 curved towards the last drum with an articulated hinge 16 and a spring 17 (Fig. 3). The harvester also contains a longitudinal conveyor 18 (Fig. 1), a guide belt 19 for the emission of impurities by the workers of the inspection table, an unloading conveyor 20, a pump station 21, an oil tank 22, a running gear 23.

A variant of the TaKi harvester for harvesting root crops, onions and garlic contains all the elements of the technological composition of the working bodies, except for the fruit separator, the back slide and, possibly, the fan (in Fig. 15).

To increase the process of soil separation on the rod surfaces of the elevator 3 and the longitudinal conveyor 18, shakers 24 can be installed, and the longitudinal conveyor 18 is carried out with a large spacing of rods in order to sift the onion or garlic root crops accidentally caught after the separation element 4.

All conveyors of the combine are rod-shaped and coated with soft material, as are the bodies of all the drums, which have height adjustment relative to each other, the phases of the maximum departure of the fingers and speed.

The tension mechanism 7 of the upper generatrix of the finger slide 6 is presented in the form of a shaft or rollers, adjustable by the height of the canvas points. In this case, it is possible to change the center distance of the driving and driven shafts of the finger slide 6, which allows you to adjust the strength and magnitude of the opening and closing of the free ends of the fingers of the canvas blade.

plate 26 (figure 4). The plate 26 is mounted on the frame 1 and the convex surface facing the canvas 6,

The conveyor 18, as well as the plate 26, is located above one or more sections 28 (Fig. 16) of the bend of the upper canvas 29 of the hill 6 and has the ability to adjust its location. In FIG. 16 shows a slide 6 having three sections — 28, 48, 49 of the bend of the upper web 29, which are formed by the corresponding rollers 7, 30 of the tension mechanism of the upper web. Each roller 7, 30 is fixed in the groove 31 of the frame 1 with the possibility of its movement along the groove 31 to create the ability to control the length and angle of inclination of the corresponding inclined sections.

The tension mechanism 7 of the upper generatrix of the finger slide 6, having an adjustment in place of the tension of the finger slide, provides an angle of envelope of the slide of less than 180 °, a rolling angle a equal to or more than the angle of friction of standard fruits on the fingers of the hill, and an angle of less than this value (figure 2).

The most technologically advanced slide 6 is performed by a set of rigid rods 32 (Fig. 5), each of which is mounted on closed endless belts 33 with a gap relative to one another. Moreover, the rod 32 and the corresponding fingers 40, it is advisable to perform in the form of a single part, as shown in Fig.5. The fingers 40 on the bar 32 are located one relative to the other and relative to the finger 40 of the neighboring rods 32 at such a distance that they form cells having sizes of 10 - 80 mm smaller than the average size of the grown fruits or root crops.

The brush 9 (Fig.6) is made sectional and all sections 34 are located on the shaft 35, on which they are fixed by bushes 36 and screws 37. The brush has an adjustment for the distance from the slide 6.

Section 34 has a pile 38 of different lengths and different stiffness and alternates along the shaft 35. In addition, one or more sections 34 (Fig.7) has blades 39 instead of pile 38, which increases the suction

air pressure and the brush works better as a non-supporting fan. On the other hand, it allows for additional separation of fruits, such as pepper, eggplant, tomatoes, coming to the hill 6 (figure 2), in the technological adjustable gap between the elevator 3 and the element for separation 4.

However, the blades 41 (FIG. 8) can be located on the same section 34 with the pile 38 and alternate with portions of the pile 38.

The fingers 46 (Fig. 9) have the shape of a truncated cone or a truncated pyramid and are attached to the rods 32 of the slide 6 with a smaller base (Fig. 1). In addition, fingers 40, 47 (Fig. 10) are made of different heights, which ensures the separation of fruits of different types of crops.

The device 45 (Fig. I) for separating the products of separation is made in the form of a bar comb 27 connected to the base 42. The base 42 is pivotally mounted on the device frame 1 with a nut 43, which allows you to adjust the reach of the pile 34 (Fig.6) over the rods 27 (Fig. 11) in the contact zone of the separation products on the brush 9.

The rods 7 are directed towards the brush P and are connected on the base with a step a (Fig. 12). The rods 27 and the pile section 28 of the brush 9 alternate. Between the ends of the rods 27 (FIG. 11) of the comb and the fingers 40 of the slide 6 there is a gap b defining the area of the open pile 38 of the brush 9. The bristles 38 of the brush 9 and the rods 27 (FIG. 12) of the comb are arranged in alternating steps. Using a comb allows increasing the longitudinal stiffness of the pile 38 of the brush 9 when touching the separation products, which ultimately increases the quality of separation for some products.

In the area where the separation products come off the brush 9, it is possible to install a shock-absorbing plate 44 (Figs. 13 and 14), mounted on the frame 1 with the possibility of adjusting the angle of inclination. The plate 44 has a horizontal displacement drive across the brush 9.

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in the fall zone of the separation products, the pile 38 (Fig. 6) of the brush 9 (Fig. 11) protrudes above the rods 27. The conveyor 10 is mounted perpendicularly and inclined with respect to the brush 9. To increase the frictional properties, the fingers 40 of the slide 6 are made of rubber or other similar material and installed in rows so that the bristles of the brush 9 and the fingers of the drum 8 are included in its interdigital gaps (figure 1). The finger roller 8 is a pipe or shaft on which rubber fingers or from other soft material are mounted in rows. Finger roller 8 can be stationary or have an independent drive, and also receive rotation from the elevator elevator 3 in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the hill 6. The element for separation 4 (figure 1) is made in the form of a rotating drum, on the cylindrical surface of which are located protruding fingers. Between the elevator 3 and the drum 4 there is a gap, the size of which is due to the location of the drum 4 relative to the elevator 3 and the installation angle of the final section of the elevator 3. The fruit separator 5 contains at least one rotating drum. Pa figure 1 shows conditionally three such identical rotating drum, each of which has protruding and retractable fingers on a cylindrical surface. The axis of rotation of the first drum is located below the axis of rotation of the second drum, that is, the axis of rotation of each subsequent drum is located above the axis of rotation of the previous drum relative to the horizontal. This arrangement of the drums 5 increases the height by which the tops with fruits are moved, which increases the force of action on them, which consists of an inertial-shock effect and a tow type effect.

M 1ShO1 Rigid aprons 13 of the clamping device are mounted on the frame of the harvester rigidly (except the last) with the possibility of height adjustment relative to the drums of the fruit separator. They Morjnr be made of metal frames, on which from the side of the elevator 3 there is a rubber sheet with a free end 14 below the edge of the frame towards the drum. The plate 15 can be made of transverse and longitudinal rods attached to it, smoothly curved towards the last drum. The harvester works as follows: When moving along the harvested area of the field, the cutting group 2 (figL), set depending on the harvested crop and harvesting conditions in the form of disks with corrugated conveyors, a digger, a square bar rotated towards the elevator 3 or the mower, cuts and picks up the top layer of soil with bushes and crumbled fruits, feeding the selected mass to the elevator 3, where there is sifting of small soil impurities into the inter-bar space. When leaving the elevator close to the horizontal section 3, the mass is divided into two streams. Fallen fruits, small plant impurities and soil (first stream) fall into the technological gap formed by the extreme bar of the elevator 3 and the separation element 4, and are embedded in the finger surface of the canvas 6 in its initial part (figure 2). Thus, the soil and soil lumps are deeper immersed in the finger cloth of the hill 6, have greater adhesion to its fingers than the fruits or root crops, which, using the counter-rotating finger roller 8 and the angle at the hill 6, which is less than the friction of the fruits on the fingers of the hill 6, are fed in one layer into the zone of the tension mechanism 7 of the upper canvas 6. Here, under the action of the tension mechanism 7 of the upper canvas 6, its fingers open and the components of the heap are immersed independently or counter-rotating canvas

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rod longitudinal conveyor 18 or plate 26 (figure 4) into the interdigital gaps of the slide 6. The increasing gap between the longitudinal conveyor 18 (figure 2) and the palm surface of the slide 6, compression in the initial position of the fingers of the slide b after the passage of the canvas of the tension mechanism 7 of its generatrix , as well as the angle a of the similar part of the finger slide 6, equal to or more than the angle of friction of standard fruits and smaller than the angle of friction of the soil lumps on its surface, provides impurities to the rotary brush 9 towards the side closer to the slide 6, and the standard whole fruits further. Moreover, when using a rigid bar 32 with fingers 40 (Fig. 5) in the slide 6, soil impurities are destroyed and sifted into its inter-rod gaps. Since the quality of separation by the rotational brush 9 (Fig. 2) is affected by the difference in the coefficients of friction between standard fruits and impurities on the bristles of the brush 9, the contact point (angle of its location) of the heap component on its surface, as well as the initial conditions of movement of the heap components when they are approach to the brush 9 (it is better when the standard fruit rolls, and the impurities are stationary on the canvas of the hill 6), then the standard fruits are put on the conveyor 10, and the impurities are thrown onto the harvested area. Thus, less durable, biological showered fruits pass the minimum path of the processor’s technological scheme through the soft finger surface of the hill 6, without mixing with the main stream of fruits that are more durable, which reduces their damage. The lack of mixing of the flow of fruits provides a longitudinal conveyor 18, which covers the separating group from the fruits, separate fruit separator 5.,

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) different sites are different, which leads to the destruction of a large percentage of impurities. When using the device 45 for separating the separation products (Fig. 11), standard fruits fall on its rods 27 further from the vertical axis of the brush 9, and the impurities are closer, where the protruding pile above the comb is larger, that is, bed. Thus, the gripping ability of the brush 9 is higher in impurities, which are discharged in the direction of its rotation. In the event that a lump of soil commensurate with the standard fruit falls on the comb in the contact zone of standard fruits, then due to its unevenness in shape, which determines the depth of immersion in the inter-bar gap of the comb and a greater coefficient of friction on the brush pile 9, it is captured by the pile and thrown to the side slides 6. The gap with the open bristles of the brush 9 allows you to remove the impurities 6 with the clamped fingers 40 of the slide 6 when they are opened on the shaft towards the brush 9 and the combs not in contact with the rods 27. In the transverse arch of separation products near the comb by the conveyor 10, under the influence of the bristles of the brush 9, the fruits are refined from small impurities, which may have got into the impurity from overloading from the elevator 3 to the hill 6. The use of combs significantly reduces the loss of fruits and root crops with high quality separation of impurities. It is better to set the transverse angle P of the conveyor 10 sharp relative to the vertical and its upper plane, and with a larger ratio of fruits in the supplied heap from the hill 6, on the contrary, obtuse, which will allow the fruits to slide away from the zone of influence of the brush 9 during the transverse removal of separation products. In this case, the conveyor 10 performs the function of a transverse slide. :, captures and, as the rest of the free impurities, throws it onto the harvested part of the field. Finger roller 8 performs two functions: it provides the supply of components of the heap in the direction of their exit from the slide 6, clears the inter-rod space 3 and the interdigital clearances of the hill 6. Bushes with fruits attached to them (second stream) are removed from the horizontal section of the elevator 3 with the fingers of the separation element 4 and served on the fruit separator 5 (Fig.Z). Away from the elevator 3, the force on the bushes with hearths in the form of an inertial shock and stripping type increases due to an increase in the installation height and peripheral speed of each subsequent drum, a decrease in the phase of maximum departure of their fingers and the gap between the drum casings 5 and the pressure aprons 13, 14 fixtures. The clamping device in the form of individual elements 13 - 17 allows you to suspend the moving mass and expose it to impact (tow) of the next row of fingers of the fruit separator 5. Therefore, each time the mass of the next drum passes, the difference in the initial speed of the supplied mass and the peripheral speed of the fingers of the drum increases. From the point of view of towing fruit from the bush, it is also important to align the trajectory of the mass gathering before the impact of the fingers of the drum, which is performed by elements 13-17 of the clamping device. Thus, the fruits that are separated from the bushes by the first drums of the fruit separator 5 fall through the interdigital gap and the drums onto the longitudinal conveyor 18 (Fig. 1) installed at a height less than the critical fall height of the fruits of this fraction from the point of view of damage. This fraction of fruits is carried by the longitudinal conveyor 18 to the transverse conveyor 10 and, when dropped, is blown by the air flow created by the fan 11. Moreover, the brush may have additional blades mounted on its shaft, but not higher than the end of the villi. The rest of the mass of bushes with fruits, moving further along the drums of the fruit separator 5, falls into more severe modes of separation (towing) of the fruit, which ultimately ensures the minimum clearance between the plate 15 and the last drum of the fruit separator 5, as well as its maximum speed. The fruit-free bushes are thrown out by the last drum of the fruit separator 5 onto the rear hill 12 and then onto the harvested field section, and in case of the ends of the fingers of the last drum of the fruit separator 5 in the form of knives, the bushes are crushed. The back slide 12 is used as a control element for the loss of free fruit from the fruit separator 5. In the case of free fruit falling from the top of the last drum of the fruit separator 5 onto the rear hill 12, this mass is blown by the air flow of the fan 11, which allows the tops to reach the upper parts of the hill 12, and the fruits to the bottom. The angle of installation of the slide 12 is greater than or equal to the angle of friction of the rolling fruits and less than the angle of friction of plant impurities. Therefore, the fruits from the hill 12 are rolled onto the transverse conveyor 10, and plant impurities are carried out to the harvested area. In the case of a picker picking a heap with a small ratio of fruits in the tops and the passage at the exit of a large leaf-stem mass of a large weed, the spring 17 is stretched, the extreme apron 13 is rotated at a width of 16, raising the plate 15 above the case of the last drum of the fruit separator 5 (Fig. 3). Thus, the transverse conveyor 10 (figure 1) receives three fractions of the separated fruits. The first (less durable fruits) - immediately leaving the bristles of the brush 9 under the longitudinal conveyor 18, the second - from the longitudinal conveyor 18, and the third - from the rear slide 12. It is possible to install a divider fixed from the bottom of the fan casing 11, which ensures these flows are not mixed and reduces damage of these fruits. Since the fan casing 11 is open from the bottom to the side of the transverse conveyor 10, there is a constant monitoring suction of small impurities and blowing them with fan blades 11. Moreover, when installing the shock-absorbing plate 44 (Fig. 13) behind the brush 9 and near its soil and plant impurities , severely damaged fruits or tubers having a negligible recovery factor compared to standard fruits or tubers fall under the influence of the gripping force of the brush pile 9 and are carried away by it in the direction of rotation. Standard fruits leave the zone of this influence due to a significant coefficient of their recovery and go to conveyor 10. If necessary, manual inspection of a pile of fruits or tubers is possible before they enter the unloading conveyor 20 (figL). To do this, a guide 19 is installed on the transverse conveyor 10 in its final part. Workers extract impurities from a common heap and dump them along the guide 19 to a harvested section of the field. It is possible to install workplaces on both sides of the output end of the conveyor 10. Field tests of the combine harvester on tomatoes show that it is necessary to inspect only the first fraction of the fruits received from the separating group of the combine harvester for the selection of large soil lumps or stones. Ultimately, the standard fruits of the unloading conveyor 20 are fed into the trailer next to a moving vehicle. For cults such as onions, garlic, potatoes and crops similar in properties to them, heap movement occurs only along the first stream, where elements of the separating group 6–9 are used (Fig. 15), transverse (inspection) 10, longitudinal 18, unloading 20 conveyors. The element for separation, 4 in this case is used to transfer weeds or tops to the longitudinal conveyor 18, the gap between the rods of which in this case is larger than the size of the tuber or bulbs. In this case, randomly portable tubers or bulbs are sifted by separation element 4 between the longitudinal conveyor belts 18. The initial

/ the width of the cross conveyor 10 allows the brush, as an unsupported fan, to absorb small impurities. On more productive combines it is possible to use any other type of fan, which works both for suction and for blowing out impurities. For better separation, the elevator 3 and the longitudinal conveyor 18 are equipped with any type of shaker 24. Moreover, the elements of the separating groups 6, 9, 45 (Fig. 11) are used to warm the pen of onion, garlic, or to separate part of the tops of potatoes, pepper, eggplant or tomatoes. All crops intended for harvesting can be harvested using either single- or two-phase technology. Depending on the type of crop being harvested and the type of agricultural background when harvesting, the combine harvester has the following main adjustments: the angle of inclination of the end part of the elevator 3, the angles of inclination a, y (Fig. 2) of the slide 6 and its speed, the range of installation of the brush 9 with respect to the slide 6, the installation height of the initial part of the longitudinal conveyor 18 with respect to the slide 6, the location of the device 45 relative to the brush 9 (Fig. 11), the installation angle | 3 of the conveyor 10, the phases of the maximum departure of the fingers and the rotation frequency of the drums of the fruit separator 5 (FigL), heightthe installation of aprons 13, 14 with respect to the drums of the fruit separator 5, the tension force of the spring 17 (FIG. 3), the rotational speed of the fan impeller 11 (FIG) and its position relative to the transverse conveyor 10, the installation angle of the rear slide 12 and its speed movement. The two-year operation of several samples of the TaKi combine for harvesting tomatoes (productivity over 0.4 ha / h), pepper and onion to prove its high productivity and the reliability of the process with high quality performance of all its units. Darasenko V.V., Kindzersky V.V.

Sources of fame taken into account:

(1) USSR patent No. 753343 cl. IPC A01 D 45/00, opkbl. 1980.

(2) PCT International Application No. 93/09661, cl. IPC A01 D 46/00, 1993.

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Claims (26)

1. A harvester for harvesting vegetables, mainly tomatoes and root crops, containing a frame, a cutting or picking apparatus, an elevator, a mechanism for separating fruits of vegetables or root crops from the cut mass, having an element for separation, a fruit separator installed after the elevator, made of at least one with the possibility of rotation of the drum with protruding fingers located on its cylindrical surface, a separating device made in the form of a slide, a fan, a transverse, longitudinal and unloading tra exporters, characterized in that a clamping device is installed above the fruit separator, and the receiving part of the hill is located under a similar section of the elevator, and the tension mechanism of the upper hill of the hill is under the technological gap formed by the extreme bar of the elevator and the separation element, and a similar part of the hill is facing the transverse conveyor. 2. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that in the zone of the tension mechanism above the slide sheet, a device is installed for forced immersion of the separation products. 3. The harvester according to claim 2, characterized in that the longitudinal conveyor is installed with the possibility of forced immersion of the separation products between the fingers of the slide and with the possibility of adjusting the angle of its inclination to the horizontal, and the initial part of the longitudinal conveyor from the side of the element for separation is below its horizontal axis and above the fingers of a finger slide. 4. The harvester according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that between the similar section of the elevator and the receiving part having the fingers of the slide, a finger roller is installed, the fingers of which enter the interdigital gap of the slide. 5. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the fruit separator is made of three drums. 6. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the clamping device is made in the form of aprons made of material with an elastic lower part located above the first two drums with a fence decreasing to the side of the elevator and having a plate with slots located between the last and middle drums. 7. The harvester according to claim 3, characterized in that the longitudinal conveyor is rod-shaped, the fan is placed with the possibility of directing its suction line towards the rod surface of the transverse conveyor, and the blower - towards the end of the longitudinal conveyor. 8. The harvester according to claim 6, characterized in that the plate by means of a hinge is mounted on the frame and spring-loaded from the side of the elevator. 9. The harvester according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the ends of the fingers of the last drum are made in the form of knives. 10. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the slide is made of rigid transverse rods with fingers. 11. The harvester according to claim 1 or 10, characterized in that the fingers of the slide form cells of 10-80 mm in size. 12. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that between the similar part of the slide and the transverse conveyor mounted rotational brush, made sectional. 13. The harvester according to item 12, wherein the pile of adjacent sections of the brush has a different length and stiffness. 14. The harvester according to claim 3, characterized in that between the sections of the bristles of the brush are sections made in the form of blades. 15. The harvester according to claims 1, 10 and 13, characterized in that the fingers of the slide have different lengths. 16. The harvester according to claims 1, 10 and 13, characterized in that the stiffness of the brush pile is less than the stiffness of the slide fingers. 17. The harvester according to claims 1 and 10, characterized in that each finger of the slide has the shape of a truncated cone or a truncated pyramid and is mounted on a slide with a smaller base. 18. The harvester according to claims 1 and 12, characterized in that the separating device has a device for separating separation products, located in the area where the separation products from the brush. 19. The harvester according to claim 18, characterized in that the device for separating the separation products is made in the form of a bar comb mounted on an existing base, which is located on the frame below the brush with the possibility of adjusting the angular position relative to the brush. 20. The harvester according to claim 18, characterized in that the device for separating separation products is located with a gap relative to the slide. 21. The harvester according to claim 19, characterized in that the bars of the comb are alternated with sections of the brush. 22. The harvester according to item 21, characterized in that behind the axis of the brush toward the transverse conveyor, the bristles of the brush protrude above the bars of the comb. 23. The harvester according to claims 1 and 18, characterized in that the transverse conveyor is installed behind the brush and is located at an angle to the horizontal plane. 24. The harvester according to claim 18, characterized in that the device for separating the separation products is provided with a shock-absorbing plate located between the brush and the transverse conveyor. 25. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that a slide is installed behind the last drum of the fruit separator with the possibility of adjusting the angle of its inclination. 26. The harvester according to claims 1, 10-12, 17 and 18, characterized in that the slide has at least two mechanisms for tensioning the upper web, forming bending sections and inclined sections, and also contains rollers mounted on the frame of the separating device along the tape slides with the ability to control the length and angle of inclination of the corresponding inclined sections.