CN114145136A

CN114145136A - Radix ophiopogonis harvesting method

Info

Publication number: CN114145136A
Application number: CN202111547108.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵帮泰; 郭曦; 梅林森; 王义鹏; 宋乐见; 郭佳; 罗俊; 叶江红; 刘宇
Original assignee: Sichuan Agricultural Machinery Research and Design Institute
Current assignee: Sichuan Agricultural Machinery Research and Design Institute
Priority date: 2021-12-16
Filing date: 2021-12-16
Publication date: 2022-03-08
Anticipated expiration: 2041-12-16
Also published as: CN114145136B

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for harvesting radix ophiopogonis, which comprises the following steps: the dwarf lilyturf harvester is pulled to advance by taking a tractor as power; digging out the mixed material of the radix ophiopogonis and the soil by a second-order curved surface digging shovel; the material enters a conveying system through a strip-shaped piece and is conveyed to a first-stage double-roller extrusion soil crushing device; carrying out primary rolling soil crushing on soil blocks attached to the tuber of the dwarf lilyturf by a primary pair roller extruding soil crushing device; the circulating sieve is used for carrying out primary sieving on the crushed soil blocks and conveying the rest materials to a second-stage paired-roller extrusion soil crushing device; carrying out secondary rolling soil crushing on the soil blocks attached to the tuber of the dwarf lilyturf by a secondary pair roller extrusion soil crushing device; the circulating sieve carries out secondary screening on the crushed soil blocks; the strip collecting system outputs radix ophiopogonis in a strip shape and sequentially lays the radix ophiopogonis at the tail part of the radix ophiopogonis harvester. The invention is used for solving the problems of high labor intensity, low efficiency, difficulty in screening soil and the like in the dwarf lilyturf tuber harvesting process in the prior art and achieving the purpose of efficiently and stably harvesting the dwarf lilyturf tuber.

Description

Radix ophiopogonis harvesting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of dwarf lilyturf tuber planting, in particular to a dwarf lilyturf tuber harvesting method.

Background

The dwarf lilyturf tuber is a traditional Chinese medicinal material and generally grows within 300mm below the ground surface, the traditional dwarf lilyturf tuber field harvesting is generally realized by turning the dwarf lilyturf tuber out by plowing soil, or manually plowing soil by a rake, then digging out the soil, then shaking the soil out, framing and transporting back to cut root blocks and fibrous roots. Therefore, the labor intensity of manual harvesting is very high, the efficiency is low, and the operation quality is not high; and the current root crops can only be used for turning over soil basically, and soil cannot be effectively screened. Therefore, an efficient and high-quality automatic harvesting method specially aiming at radix ophiopogonis is always lacked in the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for harvesting radix ophiopogonis, which aims to solve the problems of high labor intensity, low efficiency, difficulty in screening soil and the like in the radix ophiopogonis harvesting process in the prior art and achieve the purpose of efficiently and stably harvesting radix ophiopogonis.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a method for harvesting radix ophiopogonis comprises the following steps:

s1, connecting the dwarf lilyturf tuber harvester to the rear part of a tractor, and using the tractor as power to pull the dwarf lilyturf tuber harvester to move forward;

s2, digging out the mixed material of the radix ophiopogonis and the soil by a second-order curved surface digging shovel in the advancing process of the radix ophiopogonis harvester;

s3, feeding the materials into a chain row conveying system through a strip-shaped piece, carrying out graded gap-variable rolling and soil crushing on the materials by a planing and conveying roller in the conveying process, carrying out primary separation on crushed soil blocks, and conveying the roots and stems of the radix ophiopogonis to a first-grade double-roller extrusion soil crushing device;

s4, carrying out primary double-roller extrusion soil crushing on soil blocks attached to the tuber of dwarf lilyturf by the primary double-roller extrusion soil crushing device, dropping the crushed materials onto a circulating sieve, carrying out primary circulating screening on the soil blocks and the tuber of dwarf lilyturf along with the circular motion of the circulating sieve, and lifting and throwing the soil blocks onto the secondary double-roller extrusion device;

s5, performing secondary roller extrusion soil crushing on soil blocks attached to the tuber of the dwarf lilyturf by the secondary roller extrusion soil crushing device, and dropping the crushed materials onto the circulating sieve again;

s6, circularly screening the soil blocks and the roots and stems of the radix ophiopogonis for the second time along with the circular motion of the circular screen, and lifting and throwing the roots and stems of the radix ophiopogonis to a vibration collecting strip collecting system;

s7, outputting the radix ophiopogonis in a strip shape by the vibration collection and collection system, and sequentially laying the radix ophiopogonis at the tail of the radix ophiopogonis harvester.

Further, the method for digging out the mixed material of the radix ophiopogonis and the soil by the second-order curved surface digging shovel comprises the following steps:

s201, the sawteeth at the front end of the shovel surface are sunk into the soil layer to a depth of 20-30 cm, and the soil layer is crushed;

s202, enabling the shovel surface to enter the lower part of the crushed soil, and gradually lifting the bottom of the soil;

s203, in the lifting process, the triangular pyramid in the middle of the shovel surface splits the soil from the middle, and the materials are located on the shovel surfaces on two sides of the triangular pyramid respectively.

Further, the method for feeding the materials into the chain row conveying system through the strip comprises the following steps:

s301, with the advancing of the dwarf lilyturf tuber harvester, materials on shovel surfaces on two sides of the triangular pyramid respectively enter two groups of strip-shaped parts which are converged towards the center;

s302, when the materials fall off from the corresponding strip-shaped parts, the materials are thrown onto the conveying system.

Furthermore, the chain row conveying system rolls and crushes soil for the materials through the step-by-step variable-gap rolling and crushing soil system in the process of conveying the materials.

Further, the method for rolling the materials by the gradual gap-changing rolling soil crushing system comprises the following steps:

s303, the conveying system lifts and transports materials in a chain transmission mode, a plurality of planing rollers above the conveying system rotate, and the rotating direction of the planing rollers is opposite to the conveying direction of the conveying system;

s304, gradually reducing the clearance between the material and the planing roller along with the gradual lifting of the material, and rolling the large soil by the first arch teeth which are spirally distributed on the planing roller;

s305, dividing the crushed large soil into small soil, and throwing the soil from meshes at the bottom of a chain transmission conveying system; the lilyturf root and the soil not crushed into small pieces continue to be lifted.

Further, the method for crushing the soil by the first pair of rollers comprises the following steps:

s401, throwing the materials from the tail end of the conveying system to a position between a first pair of rollers with opposite rotation directions;

s402, extruding materials between the first pair of rollers and the second pair of rollers by second arch teeth spirally distributed on the first pair of rollers, and crushing soil blocks attached to the roots and stems of the dwarf lilyturf tuber into small blocks;

s403, throwing the radix ophiopogonis and the small soil blocks to a circulating sieve after passing through the two first pair of rollers;

further, the second method for extruding the crushed soil by the roller comprises the following steps:

s601, throwing the materials from the circulating screen to a position between a second pair of rollers with opposite rotation directions;

s602, extruding the materials between the two second pairs of rollers by using third arch teeth spirally distributed on the two second pairs of rollers, and crushing soil blocks remained on the roots and stems of the radix ophiopogonis into small blocks;

s603, the dwarf lilyturf tuber and the small pieces of soil are thrown onto the circulating sieve again after passing through the two second pairs of rollers.

Further, the method for throwing the materials to the second-stage pair-roller extrusion soil crushing device by the circulating screen comprises the following steps:

s501, throwing the materials processed by the first-stage paired-roller extrusion soil crushing device to one side, close to the advancing direction, of the inner bottom surface of the circulating sieve which does square rotary motion;

s502, throwing the crushed soil outwards through holes in the circulating screen, and moving the rest materials to the square side surface along with the circulating screen;

s503, the residual materials are prevented from falling through a large number of blocking rods on the inner wall of the circulating sieve, and the residual materials climb upwards along with the circulating sieve on the side surface;

s504, after climbing to the top along with the circulating sieve, the residual materials are thrown downwards onto the inclined first guide plate under the action of gravity;

and S505, the material slides downwards along the first guide plate and is thrown to the middle position of two second pairs of rollers in the second-stage paired-roller extrusion soil crushing device.

Further, the method for lifting and throwing the roots and stems of the dwarf lilyturf roots to the vibration collection strip collection system by the circulating screen comprises the following steps:

s701, throwing the materials processed by the second-stage double-roller extrusion soil crushing device to one side, far away from the advancing direction, of the bottom surface of the interior of the circulating sieve;

s702, throwing the crushed soil outwards through holes in the circulating sieve, and moving the rest radix ophiopogonis to the square side surface along with the circulating sieve;

s703, preventing radix ophiopogonis from falling through a large number of blocking rods on the inner wall of the circulating sieve, and enabling the radix ophiopogonis to climb upwards along with the circulating sieve;

s704, climbing the radix ophiopogonis to the top along with the circulating sieve, and then throwing the radix ophiopogonis downwards onto the inclined second guide plate under the action of gravity;

and S705, the material slides downwards along the second guide plate to the vibration collection strip collection system.

Further, the method for outputting radix ophiopogonis in a strip shape by the vibration collection and strip collection system comprises the following steps:

s801, enabling the radix ophiopogonis to slide down to the discharging vibration plate along the second guide plate;

s802, continuing to slide the radix ophiopogonis downwards along the discharging vibration plate and entering the sliver collecting rack;

s803, throwing the radix ophiopogonis from the rod bodies parallel to each other on the strip collecting rack to the ground.

Furthermore, in the output process of the radix ophiopogonis, the vibration mechanism drives the discharging vibration plate and the sliver collecting frame to shake and remove soil in a reciprocating mode.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

1. the dwarf lilyturf tuber harvesting method provided by the invention integrates deep excavation, soil crushing and conveying, circulating screening, strip collection and the like, effectively solves the problem of tuber screening of dwarf lilyturf tuber under the condition of viscous soil, and can enable traditional manual harvesting to be replaced by an efficient mechanical harvesting mode for traditional dwarf lilyturf tuber Chinese medicinal materials, so that the dwarf lilyturf tuber can realize the effects of high efficiency, low cost, low fruit drop rate, low breakage rate and the like in the harvesting process.

2. According to the method for harvesting radix ophiopogonis, the soil is divided into two parts by breaking the soil through the triangular pyramid, and then the shoveling surfaces on the two sides gradually penetrate into the soil layer to shovel the soil above, so that the purpose of shoveling the radix ophiopogonis out with the soil is achieved, compared with a traditional plane shovel, the soil-entering effect is obviously improved, and the digging efficiency is favorably improved.

3. According to the dwarf lilyturf tuber harvesting method, the shovel is easier to eat into a soil layer through the first saw teeth and the second saw teeth, and the soil in front is pre-crushed by utilizing the tips of the saw teeth, so that the soil is already in a loose state when the shovel main body arrives, and the excavation efficiency is better improved; and the soil can be broken and split, so that the soil crushing capability is improved, and the power consumption of the machine tool is reduced.

4. The dwarf lilyturf tuber harvesting method can lay dwarf lilyturf tubers in the same direction as strips as much as possible, and provides convenience for farmers to pick up and collect dwarf lilyturf tubers.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a radix Ophiopogonis harvester according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a radix Ophiopogonis harvester according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view of a harvester for Ophiopogon japonicus in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a front view of the digging system of the harvester for radix Ophiopogonis in one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an isometric view of a digging system of a harvester for radix Ophiopogonis in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a top view of the digging system of the harvester for radix Ophiopogonis in one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is an isometric view of a planing roller according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is an isometric view of a first pair of rollers in an example embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 9 is an isometric view of a second pair of rollers in an example embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 10 is an isometric view of a vibration collection bar collection system in an example embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a vibration mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a top view of a sliver collection rack in an embodiment of the invention.

Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:

1-triangular pyramid, 2-first plane, 3-second plane, 4-first sawtooth, 5-second sawtooth, 6-first strip, 7-second strip, 8-planing roller, 9-first pair of rollers, 10-second pair of rollers, 11-circulating screen, 12-baffle, 13-second guide plate, 14-discharging vibrating plate, 15-rod body, 16-roller, 17-vibrating shaft, 18-swing arm, 19-first connecting rod, 20-second connecting rod, 21-L-shaped baffle rod, 22-second arch tooth, 23-third arch tooth, 24-first arch tooth and 25-first guide plate.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.

Example 1:

a radix ophiopogonis harvesting method is realized based on a radix ophiopogonis harvester and comprises the following specific processes:

the dwarf lilyturf tuber harvester is connected to the rear part of a tractor, and the tractor is used as power to pull the dwarf lilyturf tuber harvester to move forward;

and (II) digging out the mixed materials of the radix ophiopogonis and the soil by a second-order curved surface digging shovel in the advancing process of the radix ophiopogonis harvester:

the sawteeth at the front end of the shovel surface are sunk into the soil layer to a depth of 20-30 cm, and the soil layer is crushed;

the shovel surface enters the lower part of the crushed soil, and the bottom of the soil is gradually lifted;

in the lifting process, soil is split from the middle by the triangular pyramid in the middle of the shovel surface, so that materials are respectively positioned on the shovel surfaces on two sides of the triangular pyramid.

(III) the material gets into conveying system, carries to first order pair roller extrusion hack device through conveying system through the bar spare, rolls the hack to the material in the transportation process and once sieves the clod after the breakage:

with the advancing of the dwarf lilyturf tuber harvester, the materials on the shovel surfaces at the two sides of the triangular pyramid respectively enter the two groups of strip-shaped components which are converged towards the center;

when the materials fall off from the corresponding strip-shaped pieces, the materials are thrown onto the conveying system;

the conveying system adopts a chain transmission mode to lift and convey materials, a plurality of planing rollers above the conveying system rotate, and the rotating direction of the planing rollers is opposite to the conveying direction of the conveying system;

along with the gradual lifting of the materials, the clearance between the materials and the planing and conveying roller is gradually reduced, and the first arch teeth which are spirally distributed on the planing and conveying roller roll large soil blocks;

the crushed large soil is divided into small soil, and is thrown from meshes at the bottom of a chain transmission conveying system; the lilyturf root and the soil not crushed into small pieces continue to be lifted.

(IV) carrying out first-stage rolling soil crushing on the soil blocks attached to the roots and stems of the radix ophiopogonis by a first-stage pair-roller extruding soil crushing device, and throwing the crushed materials onto a circulating sieve:

the material is thrown between a first pair of rollers with opposite rotation directions from the tail end of the conveying system; the materials between the first pair of rollers and the second arch teeth are extruded by the second arch teeth spirally distributed on the first pair of rollers, and the soil blocks attached to the roots and stems of the dwarf lilyturf tuber are crushed into small blocks; after passing through the two first pair of rollers, the dwarf lilyturf tuber and the small soil are thrown onto the circulating sieve;

(V) secondary screening is carried out on the crushed soil blocks by the circulating screen, and the residual materials are conveyed to a second-stage double-roller extrusion soil crushing device:

the materials processed by the first-stage pair roller extrusion soil crushing device are thrown to one side, close to the advancing direction, of the inner bottom surface of the circulating sieve which does square rotary motion;

the crushed soil is thrown outwards through the holes on the circulating screen, and the rest materials move to the square side along with the circulating screen;

the residual materials are prevented from falling through a large number of stop rods on the inner wall of the circulating sieve, so that the residual materials climb upwards along with the circulating sieve on the side surface;

the rest materials climb to the top along with the circulating sieve and are thrown downwards onto the inclined first guide plate under the action of gravity;

the material slides down along the first guide plate and is thrown to the middle position of two second pairs of rollers in the second-stage pair-roller extrusion soil crushing device.

And (VI) carrying out secondary rolling soil crushing on the soil blocks attached to the roots and stems of the radix ophiopogonis by a secondary double-roller extruding soil crushing device, and dropping the crushed materials onto a circulating sieve again:

the materials are thrown between the two second pairs of rollers with opposite rotation directions from the circulating screen; extruding the materials between the first pair of rollers by third arch teeth spirally distributed on the first pair of rollers, and crushing soil blocks remained on the roots and stems of the dwarf lilyturf tuber into small blocks; the dwarf lilyturf tuber and the small pieces of soil are thrown onto the circulating sieve again after passing through the two second pairs of rollers.

(seventhly) screening the crushed soil blocks for three times by using a circulating screen, and conveying the radix ophiopogonis to a vibration collection strip collecting system:

the materials processed by the second-stage paired-roller extrusion soil crushing device are thrown to one side of the inner bottom surface of the circulating sieve, which is far away from the advancing direction; the crushed soil is thrown outwards through the holes on the circulating sieve, and the rest radix ophiopogonis moves to the square side along with the circulating sieve; the radix ophiopogonis is prevented from falling through a large number of stop rods on the inner wall of the circulating sieve, so that the radix ophiopogonis climbs upwards along with the circulating sieve on the side surface; after climbing to the top along with the circulating sieve, the radix ophiopogonis is thrown downwards onto the inclined second guide plate under the action of gravity; the material slides down the second guide plate to the collecting system.

(eighth) the vibration collection strip collection system outputs radix ophiopogonis in a strip shape, and the radix ophiopogonis is sequentially laid at the tail part of the radix ophiopogonis harvester:

the radix ophiopogonis slides downwards along the second guide plate to the discharging vibration plate; the radix ophiopogonis continuously slides downwards along the discharging vibration plate and enters the sliver collecting rack; the radix ophiopogonis is thrown to the ground among a plurality of rod bodies which are parallel to each other on the strip collecting rack.

Wherein, in the output process of the radix ophiopogonis, the vibration mechanism drives the discharging vibration plate and the sliver collecting frame to shake in a reciprocating way.

Example 2:

the radix ophiopogonis harvesting machine shown in fig. 1-3 is used for implementing the radix ophiopogonis harvesting method in embodiment 1, and comprises the following steps:

the digging system is used for digging out the radix ophiopogonis to be harvested together with soil;

the conveying system is used for conveying the materials dug by the digging system to the first-stage paired-roller extrusion soil crushing device;

the rolling and soil crushing system is used for rolling and soil crushing the materials in the conveying process of the conveying system;

the first-stage double-roller extrusion soil crushing device is used for performing first-stage rolling soil crushing on soil blocks attached to the roots and stems of the dwarf lilyturf tuber;

the second-stage double-roller extrusion soil crushing device is used for performing second-stage roller crushing on soil blocks attached to the roots and stems of the dwarf lilyturf tuber;

the circulating screening system is used for conveying the materials passing through the first-stage double-roller extrusion soil crushing device to the second-stage double-roller extrusion soil crushing device and conveying the materials passing through the second-stage double-roller extrusion soil crushing device to the strip collecting system;

and the collection strip collection system is used for outputting the harvested dwarf lilyturf roots.

The dwarf lilyturf harvester of this embodiment uses the tractor as power, and the suspension type is connected at the tractor rear portion. A main speed reducer of the dwarf lilyturf tuber harvester is connected with an output shaft at the rear end of a tractor, and the main speed reducer rotates to drive each system to operate through a belt transmission mechanism.

In a more preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 4 to 6, the excavating system comprises a second-order curved excavating shovel, the second-order curved excavating shovel comprises a shovel body which inclines forwards and downwards, a triangular pyramid 1 with a forward vertex is arranged in the middle of the shovel body, and the triangular pyramid 1 divides the shovel body into a first plane part 2 and a second plane part 3 which are distributed left and right; the first plane part 2 and the second plane part 3 are both gradually inclined downwards from one end close to the triangular pyramid 1 to one end far away from the triangular pyramid 1.

The front ends of the first plane part 2 and the second plane part 3 are respectively provided with a plurality of first sawteeth 4 and second sawteeth 5, the first sawteeth 4 and the second sawteeth 5 are inclined downwards towards the front side direction, and the inclination angles of the first sawteeth 4 and the second sawteeth 5 are unequal; the rear ends of the first and

second plane parts

2, 3 are provided with a first and a second bar-shaped

element

6, 7, respectively, for extending to the conveying system. The first sawteeth 4 and the second sawteeth 5 are plate bodies with obtuse-angle triangular surfaces, and the obtuse-angle ends of the obtuse-angle triangles are adjacent to the shovel body and are positioned on one side close to the triangular pyramid 1; the first strip-shaped part 6 and the second strip-shaped part 7 are inclined gradually to the direction close to the triangular pyramid 1 from one end close to the shovel body to one end far away from the shovel body.

Preferably, the triangular pyramid 1 is formed by splicing two flat plates, and the interior of the triangular pyramid is of a hollow structure so as to reduce weight.

Preferably, the included angle between the first saw teeth 4 and the horizontal plane is 5-8 degrees, and the included angle between the second saw teeth 5 and the horizontal plane is 15-25 degrees.

The digging shovel of the traditional rhizome crop harvester is a common plane shovel, the soil-entering effect is poor, and the digging efficiency is not high. The harvesting of the radix ophiopogonis requires that the digging depth is 20-30 cm underground, the soil breaking capacity of a shovel surface is strong, and the soil resistance is small. Therefore, the present embodiment is designed in consideration of the growth characteristics of ophiopogon root, the state parameters of soil, the supporting power, the soil-entering inclination angle of the digging shovel, the shape of the shovel surface and the strength of the shovel body. The low-resistance deep-digging soil loosening technology is characterized in that a mechanical structure, soil resistance, a shovel surface angle, a cutting edge and the like of a common plane shovel and a second-order curved surface shovel are modeled and analyzed, a soil compression and damage theory is introduced, a mathematical model for measuring the performance of broken soil is established, and under the condition of the same shovel surface inclination angle and length, the shovel surface pressure of the second-order curved surface shovel is smaller than that of the common plane shovel. When the dip angle of the digging shovel is 15 degrees, the pressure intensity of the shovel surface is reduced by 42.7 percent compared with that of a common plane shovel.

The two-order curved surface digging shovel is positioned at the front part of the machine, an inclination angle plane is added on the basis of a first-order inclination angle of the sawtooth-shaped plane shovel, and the characteristic of superior soil breaking performance of the convex shovel is combined, the two-order curved surface digging shovel is provided with two different inclination angle curved surfaces, so that the soil is broken and split, the soil breaking capacity is improved, and the power consumption of machines is reduced.

In a more preferred embodiment, the rolling and crushing system comprises a plurality of planing rollers 8 positioned above the conveying system, a plurality of first arch teeth 24 distributed spirally are arranged on the planing rollers 8, and the planing rollers 8 are driven by chains; the distance of the individual planing rollers 8 to the conveying system decreases in the conveying direction of the conveying system.

The first-stage paired-roller extrusion soil crushing device comprises a first pair of rollers 9 as shown in fig. 8, wherein a plurality of second arch teeth 22 which are spirally distributed are arranged on the first pair of rollers 9; the second-stage double-roller extruding soil crushing device comprises a second pair of rollers 10 as shown in fig. 9, wherein a plurality of third arch teeth 23 which are spirally distributed are arranged on the second pair of rollers 10; the pitch of the second arch tooth 22 is greater than the pitch of the third arch tooth 23.

The excavated soil and stems are firmly bonded, the production requirement is difficult to achieve by adopting common shaking separation, therefore, the mixture needs to be shaken and separated, the soil blocks which are not bonded with the roots and stems are removed, and the damage to the radix ophiopogonis is avoided. The variable-gap type rolling soil crushing conveying technology adopts chain transmission to connect a rotating shaft and a small-inclination-angle chain plate for lifting, so that the soil blocks and impurities fall down in the lifting process, the shaking separation of a soil-stem mixture is realized, and the stable conveying of fruit stems is ensured. The crushed soil screening rate of the soil removing device is rolled step by step to reach 55%, and the plants and the soil blocks adhered to the roots and stems are conveyed to the next-stage crushed soil screening device.

The step-by-step rolling, conveying and soil removing device consists of an upper digging and conveying roller and a lower lifting and conveying circulating chain, is arranged in the middle of the frame and is positioned behind the digging shovel. The digging and conveying rollers are three in total as shown in fig. 7, the gaps between the digging and conveying rollers and the lower lifting and conveying circulating chain are gradually reduced from large to small, first arch teeth 24 which are spirally distributed are designed on the digging and conveying rollers, the digging and conveying rollers and the lifting and conveying circulating chain do relative motion in work, and when soil fed into the harvester is conveyed towards the rear upper part, large soil blocks can be effectively crushed and cracked, and most of crushed soil is screened.

Wherein, the bottom of the soil crushing system is provided with a conveying system formed by an elevating circulating chain, which is convenient for screening soil.

Preferably, the first arch tooth, the second arch tooth and the third arch tooth are all V-shaped parts with inward concave surfaces.

Soil blocks adhered to the rootstocks cannot be completely removed by the rolling soil crushing system due to soil viscosity, the soil-stem mixture enters a first-stage double-roller extrusion soil crushing device, the soil blocks adhered to the rootstocks are rolled and crushed by the double rollers, and then screening is carried out; and (4) feeding the screened soil-stem mixture into a second-stage double-roller extrusion soil crushing device for secondary rolling soil crushing, and further rolling the small pieces of soil adhered to the rhizomes into crushed soil.

In a more preferred embodiment, the circulating screening system comprises a circulating screen 11 which is coated outside the first-stage paired-roller extrusion soil crushing device and the second-stage paired-roller extrusion soil crushing device and is connected end to end, baffles 12 are arranged on the left side and the right side inside the circulating screen 11, and a gap is formed between each baffle 12 and the circulating screen 11; the device also comprises a first guide plate 25 positioned above the first-stage paired-roller extrusion soil crushing device and a second guide plate 13 positioned above the second-stage paired-roller extrusion soil crushing device; the first guide plate 25 and the second guide plate 13 are both positioned inside the circulating screen 11, and the first guide plate 25 and the second guide plate 13 are both gradually inclined downwards from front to back; the bottom end of the first guide plate 25 is positioned above the second-stage paired-roller extrusion soil crushing device, and the bottom end of the second guide plate 13 is connected with the strip collecting and collecting system;

the materials extruded by the first-stage pair roller soil crushing device are thrown onto the circulating sieve 11 at the bottom, conveyed to the top by the circulating sieve 11 and then thrown onto the first guide plate 25;

the materials which pass through the second-stage double-roller extrusion soil crushing device are thrown onto the circulating sieve 11 at the bottom, conveyed to the top by the circulating sieve 11 and then thrown onto the second guide plate 13.

As shown in fig. 3, the circulating screen of the circulating screening system of the present embodiment, in cooperation with the double-stage double-roller extrusion soil crushing device, can effectively remove the soil adhered to the roots and stems of ophiopogon japonicus: the two-stage double-roller extrusion soil crushing device rolls soil crushed on the roots and stems of the dwarf lilyturf, the centrifugal throwing type circulating sieve sieves the crushed soil, and more than 90 percent of the soil is effectively sieved.

The circulating sieve 11 of the circulating sieving system is two synchronously rotating rotary chains, a plurality of connecting rods are connected between the rotary chains, and a plurality of inward extending stop rods are arranged on the connecting rods and used for hooking the dwarf lilyturf tuber branches in the ascending process and avoiding the dwarf lilyturf tuber from falling down.

The circulating sieve adopts a centrifugal throwing type circulating principle, a rotary chain system of the circulating sieve is arranged on a rack, is positioned outside a double-stage double-roller extrusion soil crushing device and is connected with a reversing speed reducer through chain transmission to separate, lift, convey, centrifugally throw and other operations on soil and stem mixtures, and efficient sieving is realized.

In a more preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 9 and 10, the vibration strip collecting system includes a discharging vibration plate 14 inclined downward from front to back, a vibration mechanism connected to the discharging vibration plate 14, and a strip collecting rack connected to the bottom end of the discharging vibration plate 14, wherein the strip collecting rack includes a plurality of rod bodies 15 parallel to each other and uniformly distributed.

The vibrating mechanism comprises a vibrating shaft 17 connected to the front end of the discharging vibrating plate 14, a swinging arm 18 connected to one end of the vibrating shaft 17, and a first connecting rod 19 hinged with the swinging arm 18, wherein one end, far away from the swinging arm 18, of the first connecting rod 19 is eccentrically arranged on the roller 16; when the roller 16 rotates, the vibration shaft 17 rotates reciprocally.

In this embodiment, the roller 16, the first link 19, and the swing arm 18 constitute a crank-rocker mechanism for driving the vibration shaft 17 to rotate reciprocally.

The sliver collecting frame comprises a second connecting rod 20 vertical to the discharging vibration plate 14, the rod body 15 is fixed on the second connecting rod 20, and the rod body 15 is gradually inclined downwards from one end close to the second connecting rod 20 to the position far away from the second connecting rod 20; the discharging vibration plate further comprises an L-shaped stop lever 21 fixed at one end of the second connecting rod 20 far away from the discharging vibration plate 14, and the long edge of the L-shaped stop lever 21 is positioned on each rod body 15 and is parallel to the rod bodies 15.

The radix ophiopogonis after being screened is regularly placed behind the harvester by the strip collecting device, and the radix ophiopogonis plants are uniformly placed on one side of the operation area in a strip shape, so that the picking difficulty is reduced.

In this embodiment, the afterbody at the frame is fixed through the hinge mode to collection strip collection device's ejection of compact vibration board, and ejection of compact vibration epaxial installation has the eccentric wheel 16 promptly, makes ejection of compact vibration board vibrate from top to bottom during the rotation, and ejection of compact vibration board 14 is the slope and installs downwards, every 20 ~ 30mm distance fixed rod body 15 on the second connecting rod 20.

The embodiment integrates the functions of deep excavation, soil breaking and conveying, circulating screening and collecting, effectively solves the problem of screening the roots and stems of the dwarf lilyturf under the condition of cohesive soil, and can ensure that the traditional manual harvesting is replaced by an efficient mechanical harvesting mode for the traditional Chinese medicinal materials in the dwarf lilyturf, so that the dwarf lilyturf can realize the effects of high efficiency, low cost, low fruit dropping rate, low breakage rate and the like in the harvesting process.

The second-order curved surface digging shovel specially designed for automatically harvesting radix ophiopogonis divides the soil into two parts by breaking the soil through the triangular pyramid, and then gradually digs the soil above the soil by penetrating the plane parts on two sides into the soil layer, so that the aim of shoveling the radix ophiopogonis with the soil is fulfilled, compared with the traditional plane shovel, the soil-entering effect is obviously improved, and the digging efficiency is favorably improved; meanwhile, the shovel surface pressure can be lower than that of a conventional plane shovel under the condition of the same shovel surface inclination angle and total length.

This embodiment is through first sawtooth, second sawtooth for during the shovel eats the soil layer more easily, and utilizes the pointed end of sawtooth to carry out the breakage in advance to the place ahead soil, makes the shovel main part soil be in loose state when arriving, is favorable to improving more and excavates efficiency. In addition, the inclination angles of the first saw teeth and the second saw teeth are unequal, and the first saw teeth and the second saw teeth are used for enabling soil to be broken and split, so that the soil crushing capacity is improved, and the power consumption of machines is reduced.

In the embodiment, the arch teeth are convex teeth with concave surfaces facing inwards and smooth curve-shaped outer ends, and the spirally distributed arch teeth can crush soil more finely, so that the defect that the soil can be crushed and still distributed in a block shape after being crushed in a standard linear distribution mode is overcome, and the phenomenon is particularly obvious for hardened soil.

According to the embodiment, the soil blocks attached to the roots and stems of the radix ophiopogonis are gradually treated in a double-stage rolling soil crushing mode, so that a good soil crushing effect can be realized.

This embodiment vibrates ejection of compact vibration board by vibration mechanism for the rapid landing of tuber of dwarf lilyturf is guided the tuber of dwarf lilyturf by a plurality of bodies of rod that are parallel to each other on the collection strip frame, makes the tuber of dwarf lilyturf plant can be regular, be the banding shop and put in harvester rear one side, is showing the pick-up degree of difficulty that has reduced the peasant household. Compared with the traditional flat plate type output, the arrangement of the strip collecting rack can ensure that the radix ophiopogonis is laid in strips with the same direction as much as possible, and convenience is provided for farmers to pick up and collect.

Example 3:

based on the harvester for dwarf lilyturf root of example 2, the difference between this embodiment and example 2 lies in the structure of the sliver collecting rack.

As shown in fig. 12, the rack of this embodiment includes a plurality of rod groups connected to the second connecting rod 20, each rod group is composed of two symmetrically distributed special-shaped rods 26, wherein a plurality of arc-shaped segments 261 are uniformly distributed on the special-shaped rods 26 along the long axis direction. In any rod group, the arc-shaped sections 261 between two profiled rods 26 are concave and opposite, and a first widened section 262 is formed between two opposite arc-shaped sections 261; the arc-shaped sections 261 on both sides automatically form a part with reduced width between two adjacent rod sets, so that the position where the non-arc-shaped sections between two adjacent rod sets are opposite is defined as a second widening 263.

In the design of the embodiment, in a large number of experimental processes, the inventor finds that the setting distance of the rod bodies on the strip collecting rack is difficult to accurately control due to different root tuber sizes of different dwarf lilyturf tuber, and the universality is low; if the rod body is movable, although the distance can be adjusted, the main size of the radix ophiopogonis tuber root in the batch cannot be judged before the radix ophiopogonis is completely excavated because the radix ophiopogonis is buried underground, so that the applicability of the conventional and easily-conceived adjustable structure is not strong.

In the present embodiment, a plurality of first widened portions 262 can be formed between two profiled rods in each rod group, and a plurality of second widened portions 263 can be formed between two adjacent rod groups. Because collection strip frame wholly is the downward sloping and is driven by the vibration mechanism and do reciprocal rocking, therefore no matter the root of tuber of dwarf lilyturf falls between two dysmorphism poles in the pole group, still fall between two dysmorphism poles of adjacent pole group, if the root of tuber is great when unable quick fall, can both slide down under the combined action of vibration and gravity, when the great root of tuber of volume slides to between first widened portion 262 or the second widened portion 263, this tuber of dwarf lilyturf just can wholly drop with the strip gesture and shed, this is favorable to showing the "collection strip" effect that improves this application, overcome because of the great "collection strip" not good problem of effect that leads to of tuber of dwarf lilyturf root volume.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Further, the term "connected" used herein may be directly connected or indirectly connected via other components without being particularly described.

The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for harvesting radix ophiopogonis is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The method for harvesting radix ophiopogonis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for digging out the mixed material of radix ophiopogonis and soil by using a second-order curved digging shovel comprises the following steps:

3. The method for harvesting radix ophiopogonis as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method for feeding materials into the chain-row conveying system through the strip comprises the following steps:

4. The harvesting method of radix ophiopogonis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the chain row conveying system rolls and crushes the materials through a step-by-step variable-gap rolling and crushing system during the process of conveying the materials.

5. The harvesting method of radix ophiopogonis as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method for rolling the materials by the step-by-step variable-gap rolling soil crushing system comprises the following steps:

6. The harvesting method of Ophiopogon japonicus according to claim 1,

the method for crushing the soil by the first pair of rollers comprises the following steps:

the second pair of rollers extrudes the crushed soil for the second time, and the method comprises the following steps:

7. The harvesting method of radix ophiopogonis as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method for throwing the materials to the second-stage double-roller extrusion soil crushing device by the circulating sieve comprises the following steps:

8. The harvesting method of radix Ophiopogonis as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method of lifting and throwing the roots and stems of radix Ophiopogonis to the collection system of the vibration collection bars by the circulation screen comprises:

9. The harvesting method of Ophiopogon japonicus according to claim 8, wherein the bar-shaped output of Ophiopogon japonicus by the vibration collection bar collecting system comprises:

10. The harvesting method of Ophiopogon japonicus according to claim 9, wherein the discharging vibrating plate and the collecting rack are driven by the vibrating mechanism to shake back and forth to remove soil during the delivery of Ophiopogon japonicus.