CN113179737A

CN113179737A - Multistage soil-crushing ligusticum wallichii excavator

Info

Publication number: CN113179737A
Application number: CN202110477191.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 廖敏; 杨亚军; 张强; 粟超; 李修银; 郑睿恺; 张宇
Original assignee: Xihua University
Current assignee: Xihua University
Priority date: 2021-04-29
Filing date: 2021-04-29
Publication date: 2021-07-30

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, and provides a multistage soil-crushing ligusticum wallichii excavator which comprises a rack, wherein a digging shovel, a throwing and breaking soil separating and conveying component, a tooth-type soil-crushing separating and conveying component and a cleaning component are sequentially arranged on the rack from left to right; the throwing and breaking soil separating and conveying component comprises a soil shaking sieve, and breaking nails for breaking soil are arranged on the soil shaking sieve; the tooth-type soil crushing separation conveying component comprises a conveying chain belt, and separation teeth are arranged on the conveying chain belt; the cleaning component comprises a soil cleaning plate which is rotationally connected with the rack and a baffle plate which is arranged above the soil cleaning plate; one end of the soil shaking screen is positioned below the digging shovel, one end of the conveying chain belt is positioned below the other end of the soil shaking screen, and one end of the soil cleaning plate is positioned below the other end of the conveying chain belt; solves the problems of soil blockage and low open stem rate caused by poor soil crushing and separating effects in the digging and harvesting of the ligusticum wallichii in the prior art.

Description

Multistage soil-crushing ligusticum wallichii excavator

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a multistage soil-breaking ligusticum wallichii excavator.

Background

The ligusticum wallichii belongs to a rhizome type traditional Chinese medicinal material and is mainly planted in Sichuan, the stem is 40-60 cm high, the rhizome is developed, the tuber is about 5 cm under the soil, and the tuber is in an irregular node-shaped fist-shaped lump and has strong fragrance. The method comprises the steps of firstly cutting off the ground straw of the ligusticum wallichii by adopting a manual harvesting mode, then digging the ligusticum wallichii by using a rake, finally picking up the ligusticum wallichii and airing.

The existing rhizome type traditional Chinese medicinal material harvester is an excavator, the excavating depth is deep, under the conditions that the water content of the ligusticum wallichii planting soil is high and the soil is sticky, a large amount of soil and ligusticum wallichii enter the excavator, the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture is blocked at the front end of an excavating shovel, the soil can not be normally transported, crushed and separated backwards, the excavating harvesting effect is poor, and the harvesting quality can not meet the requirements of the stem-opening rate and the loss rate in the standards (DG/T189, 2019 and NY/T3481, 2019).

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a multistage soil-crushing ligusticum wallichii excavator, which solves the problems of soil blockage and low open stem rate caused by poor soil crushing and separation effects in digging and harvesting of ligusticum wallichii in the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the multistage soil-crushing ligusticum wallichii excavator comprises a rack, wherein a digging shovel, a throwing and breaking soil separating and conveying component, a tooth-type soil-crushing separating and conveying component and a cleaning component are sequentially arranged on the rack from left to right;

the throwing and breaking soil separating and conveying component comprises a soil shaking sieve and a soil shaking power mechanism for driving the soil shaking sieve to vibrate, and the soil shaking sieve is provided with breaking nails for breaking soil;

the tooth-type soil crushing separation conveying component comprises a conveying chain belt, and separation teeth are arranged on the conveying chain belt;

the cleaning component comprises a soil cleaning plate which is rotationally connected with the rack and a baffle plate which is arranged above the soil cleaning plate;

one end of the soil shaking screen is positioned below the digging shovel, one end of the conveying chain belt is positioned below the other end of the soil shaking screen, and one end of the soil cleaning plate is positioned below the other end of the conveying chain belt.

The soil shaking sieve and the soil cleaning plate comprise a plurality of shaking rods with axes parallel to each other, a shaking hole through which soil passes is formed between any two adjacent shaking rods, and the crushing nail is arranged on the shaking rod of the soil shaking sieve.

Furthermore, the crushing nails and the separating teeth are both arranged upwards and obliquely along the conveying direction of the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture.

Furthermore, a suspension part used for being detachably connected with the tractor body is arranged on the frame.

Furthermore, the multistage soil crushing ligusticum wallichii excavator also comprises a roller assembly arranged above the conveying chain belt, the roller assembly comprises a shaft VIII rotatably connected with the rack, and the distance between the shaft VIII and the conveying chain belt is variable; a roller is sleeved on the shaft VIII, and arch teeth are arranged on the roller.

Furthermore, the arch teeth are in a U-shaped structure or a V-shaped structure, and the tips of the V-shaped structure are in arc curve transition; the arch teeth are spirally arranged on the surface of the roller.

Furthermore, two ends of the shaft VIII are connected with the rack in a sliding mode through bearing seats, and adjusting rods used for limiting the sliding of the bearing seats are arranged on the rack.

Furthermore, multistage hack ligusticum wallichii excavator still includes transmission, and transmission is including installing the reducing gear box in the frame and with the frame rotation be connected axle I, the output and the I transmission of axle of reducing gear box are connected.

Furthermore, the tooth-type soil crushing separation conveying part also comprises a conveying belt power mechanism, the conveying belt power mechanism comprises a shaft V rotationally connected with the frame and a driving chain wheel arranged on the shaft V, the driving chain wheel is meshed with the conveying chain belt, and the shaft V is in transmission connection with the shaft I to realize that the shaft I drives the shaft V to rotate;

the cleaning component further comprises a soil cleaning power mechanism, the soil cleaning power mechanism comprises a crank II and a driving connecting rod II, one end of the crank II is fixedly connected with the shaft V, the other end of the crank II is rotatably connected with one end of the driving connecting rod II, and the other end of the driving connecting rod II is rotatably connected with the soil cleaning plate.

Furthermore, the soil shaking power mechanism comprises two soil shaking side plates arranged on the soil shaking screen in a mirror image mode, a shaft III arranged on the soil shaking side plates and a crank-rocker mechanism, the crank-rocker mechanism comprises a crank I, a driving connecting rod I, a rocker I, a fixed connecting rod and a rocker II, one end of the crank I is fixedly connected with the shaft I, and the other end of the crank I is rotatably connected with one end of the driving connecting rod I;

the other end of the driving connecting rod I and one end of the rocker I are rotatably connected with the shaft III, and the other end of the rocker I is rotatably connected with the rack; one end and the III fixed connection of axle of fixed connecting rod, and the other end of fixed connecting rod with tremble native curb plate fixed connection, the both ends of rocker II rotate with the other end of frame and fixed connecting rod respectively and be connected.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the whole ligusticum wallichii excavator is driven to move by the tractor body, so that the excavating shovel continuously shovels soil, and under the pushing action of the front soil, the mixture of the shoveled soil and the ligusticum wallichii enters the soil shaking sieve; under the action of a soil shaking power mechanism, the soil shaking screen vibrates to enable the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture to be thrown upwards in a direction opposite to the conveying direction of the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture, the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture impacts crushing nails on the soil shaking screen when falling down, soil blocks carried in the soil and the ligusticum wallichii are crushed under the action of the soil shaking screen and the crushing nails, and fine and small soil penetrates through the soil shaking screen to become undersize materials to complete partial separation, so that primary soil crushing and separation of the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture are realized;

2. the conveying chain belt continuously conveys the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture falling from the soil shaking screen, the separation teeth disturb and cut the soil in the conveying process, the crushed soil falls from the gap of the conveying chain and is separated, and secondary soil crushing and separation of the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture are realized;

3. the soil cleaning plate is rotatably connected with the rack and can do reciprocating swing motion, the soil cleaning plate beats the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture falling onto the soil cleaning plate from the conveying chain belt at a certain frequency to break soil, the beaten soil and the ligusticum wallichii are blocked on the soil cleaning plate by the baffle plate, the soil is broken and separated again, and finally the clean ligusticum wallichii falls onto the ground from the tail end of the soil cleaning plate to realize three-stage soil breaking and separation of the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture;

4. compared with the prior art, the multistage soil breaking and efficient separating digging and harvesting technology for the ligusticum wallichii is provided by the throwing and breaking soil separating and conveying component, the tooth type soil breaking and separating conveying component and the cleaning component, the soil breaking and separating effect is obviously improved, the soil breaking and separating with high viscosity and water content can be realized, and the bright stem rate of the ligusticum wallichii is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a multi-stage soil-breaking Ligusticum wallichii excavator.

FIG. 2 is a front view of a multi-stage soil-breaking Ligusticum wallichii excavator.

FIG. 3 is a top view of a multi-stage soil-breaking Ligusticum wallichii excavator.

Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the structure at a in fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the structure at B in fig. 1.

FIG. 6 is a characteristic curve of the change of the acceleration of the soil shaking screen along with the rotation angle of a crank I.

FIG. 7 is a graph of the force analysis of the soil-Chuan Xiong mixture on a soil shaking screen.

21, a frame; 22. a suspension member; 23. excavating a shovel; 24. a throwing and breaking soil separating and conveying component; 241. a crank I; 242. a shaft II; 243. a driving connecting rod I; 244. a shaft III; 245. a rocker I; 246. Fixing the connecting rod; 247. a rocker II; 248. shaking the soil side plate; 249. shaking soil and screening; 25. a tooth-type soil crushing separation conveying component; 251. a driven shaft; 252. a support shaft; 253. a conveyor belt; 254. a drum; 255. adjusting a rod; 26. cleaning the component; 261. a crank II; 262. a shaft VI; 263. a driving connecting rod II; 264. clearing soil; 265. a baffle plate; 27. a transmission device; 2701. a reduction gearbox; 2702. a belt wheel I; 2703. a belt I; 2704. a belt wheel II; 2705. a shaft I; 2706. a chain I; 2707. a shaft IV; 2708. a belt wheel III; 2709. a belt II; 2710. a belt pulley IV; 2711. axis V; 2712. a gear; 2713. a shaft VII; 2714. A chain II; 2715. axis VIII; 28. a land wheel.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the present solution provides a multistage soil-crushing ligusticum wallichii excavator, which comprises a frame 21, a suspension component 22, a digging shovel 23, a throwing and crushing soil separating and conveying component 24, a tooth-type soil-crushing separating and conveying component 25, a cleaning component 26, a transmission device 27 and a land wheel 28; the digging shovel 23, the throwing and breaking soil separating and conveying component 24, the tooth-type breaking soil separating and conveying component 25 and the cleaning component 26 are sequentially arranged on the frame 21 along the left-to-right direction (namely the advancing direction of the frame 21 or the preset separating direction of the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture), the hanging component 22 is arranged at the upper part of the front end of the frame 21, the hanging component 22 is positioned above the digging shovel 23, the hanging component 22 is used for being connected with the tractor body, and the digging shovel 23 is obliquely arranged so as to shovel the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture into the throwing and breaking soil separating and conveying component 24 to carry out primary soil breaking and separation. The number of land wheels 28 is two, and the two land wheels 28 are respectively arranged at two sides of the rear end of the frame 21. The frame 21 comprises two harvesting frames which are arranged in a mirror image mode, and the digging shovel 23, the throwing and breaking soil separating and conveying component 24, the tooth-type breaking soil separating and conveying component 25, the cleaning component 26 and the transmission device 27 are all located between the two harvesting frames. In this embodiment, the tractor body may be a tractor.

As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3, the transmission device 27 includes a reduction box 2701 installed on the machine frame 21 and a shaft i 2705 rotatably connected with the machine frame 21, belt pulleys i 2702 are installed at two ends of the reduction box 2701, a belt pulley ii 2704 is installed on the shaft i 2705, the belt pulleys i 2702 and the belt pulley ii 2704 are in transmission connection through a belt i 2703, and the output end of the reduction box 2701 is in transmission connection with the shaft i 2705. The reduction gearbox 2701 is in transmission connection with the tractor body and serves as a power source of the whole excavator.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the thrown and broken soil separating and conveying component 24 includes a soil shaking sieve 249, the soil shaking sieve 249 includes a plurality of shaking rods having axes parallel to each other, and a shaking hole through which soil passes is provided between any two adjacent shaking rods. The shaking bars can be made of steel bars, the soil shaking screen 249 is formed by welding a plurality of steel bars, each shaking bar is provided with breaking nails (shown in fig. 4) which are obliquely arranged upwards along the conveying direction of the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture, and the length of each breaking nail is 4cm-6 cm. During operation, under the action of the soil shaking power mechanism, the ligusticum wallichii and the soil are thrown by the soil shaking screen 249 and are conveyed towards the preset conveying direction of the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture, and the fallen soil is crushed by the crushing nails, so that the functions of throwing, crushing and separating the soil by the soil shaking screen are realized.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the throwing and breaking soil separating and conveying component 24 further comprises a soil shaking power mechanism for driving the soil shaking screen 249 to vibrate, the soil shaking power mechanism comprises two soil shaking side plates 248 which are arranged on the soil shaking screen 249 in a mirror image manner, a shaft iii 244 arranged on the soil shaking side plates 248, and two crank and rocker mechanisms, the number of the crank and rocker mechanisms is two, and the two crank and rocker mechanisms are respectively arranged on the two harvesting frames.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the crank-rocker mechanism comprises a crank i 241, a driving connecting rod i 243, a rocker i 245, a fixed connecting rod 246 and a rocker ii 247, wherein one end of the crank i 241 is fixedly connected with a shaft i 2705, and the other end of the crank i 241 is rotatably connected with one end of the driving connecting rod i 243, wherein one end of the driving connecting rod i 243 can be rotatably connected with the other end of the crank i 241 through a shaft ii 242;

the other end of the driving connecting rod I243 and one end of the rocker I245 are both rotatably connected with the shaft III 244, and the other end of the rocker I245 is rotatably connected with the rack 21; one end and the III 244 fixed connection of axle of fixed connecting rod 246, and the other end of fixed connecting rod 246 with tremble native curb plate 248 fixed connection, the both ends of rocker II 247 rotate with the other end of frame 21 and fixed connecting rod 246 respectively and be connected, wherein tremble and be equipped with the fixed axle with the other end fixed connection of fixed connecting rod 246 on the native curb plate 248, rocker II 247 can rotate with the fixed axle and be connected, and then realize that rocker II 247 rotates with the other end of fixed connecting rod 246 and is connected.

The working process of the throwing and breaking soil separation and conveying component is as follows: the crank I241 rotates along with the shaft I2705 to drive the connecting rod I243 to swing, the connecting rod I243 drives the rocker I245 and the fixed connecting rod 246 to swing, the fixed connecting rod 246 drives the rocker II 247 to swing, therefore, the side plates 248 start to vibrate and drive the soil shaking screen 249 welded between the left and right soil shaking side plates 248 of the frame 21 to vibrate, and as the tractor body advances, the digging shovel 23 continuously shovels the soil, under the pushing action of the front soil, the shoveled soil and the mixture of the ligusticum wallichii are fed into a soil shaking sieve 249, the vibration action of the soil shaking sieve 249 enables the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture to be conveyed towards the conveying direction of the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture, when falling down, the shaking rod of the soil shaking sieve 249 is impacted, soil blocks carried by soil and ligusticum wallichii are crushed under the action of the shaking rod and the crushing nails on the shaking rod, and fine small soil penetrates through the soil shaking sieve 249 to become undersize and complete partial separation.

And (3) analyzing the conveying effect of the throwing and breaking soil separation conveying component: as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the operation performance of the thrown and crushed soil separating and conveying member 24 was analyzed, a point on the soil shaking screen 249 was selected as an analysis object, a mathematical model of the acceleration of the soil shaking screen 249 was derived by a complex vector method, and the characteristic of the acceleration changing with the rotation angle of the crank i 241 was obtained by calculation, and as a result, it was found that the acceleration of the soil shaking screen 249 periodically changed, and the maximum acceleration was 49.8 (m/s)²) (ii) a After the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture is conveyed to the soil shaking screen 249, the soil shaking screen 249 makes the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture obtain acceleration by vibrating motion of the soil shaking screen 249, the forward maximum acceleration of the soil shaking screen 249 is the maximum acceleration of the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture, and the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture is stressed at a certain point on the soil shaking screen 249, as shown in fig. 7, the following steps are carried out:

u＝ma (1)

ucosα-mgsinα＝F (2)

N＝usinα+mgcosα (4)

in the formulae (1) to (4),u is inertia force, m is mass of soil-rhizoma ligustici wallichii mixture, F is friction force, alpha is an included angle between the soil shaking screen 249 and the horizontal direction,

the friction angle of the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture on the soil shaking screen 249, N is the supporting force borne by the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture, g is the gravity acceleration, a is 49.8, g is 9.8,

α is 25 °. It can be known that the backward conveying conditions of the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture are as follows:

ucosα-mgsinα≥F (5)

substituting the formulas (1) to (4) into the condition (5) to obtain:

after the above specific parameters are substituted, the formula (6) is found to satisfy the condition, and it is proved that the soil shaking screen 249 has a backward conveying effect on the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture, and the soil and ligusticum wallichii mixture is continuously conveyed to the tooth-type soil-crushing separation conveying component 25. The soil breaking and separating effect of the soil on the throwing and breaking soil separating and conveying part 24 is called a vibrating screen throwing type primary soil breaking and separating effect.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the tooth-type soil breaking separation conveying component 25 includes a conveying chain belt 253, a conveying sprocket, a driven shaft 251 and a supporting shaft 252, the conveying sprocket includes a driving sprocket, a driven sprocket and a supporting sprocket, the driving sprocket is respectively installed on a shaft v 2711, the driven sprocket is installed on the driven shaft 251, the supporting sprocket is installed on the supporting shaft 252, the driven shaft 251 and the supporting shaft 252 are respectively installed on the frame 21 through a belt seat bearing, and the shaft v 2711, the driven shaft 251 and the supporting shaft 252 are in transmission connection by the conveying chain belt 253. The conveying chain belt 253 is composed of chain links, a certain gap is arranged between the chain links, the shape of the gap is rectangular, the size of the gap is 4cm multiplied by 6cm (adjustable), namely, the gap between the chain links is a separation hole for soil to fall from the conveying chain belt 253. The chain links of the conveying chain belt 253 are provided with separating teeth (as shown in fig. 5) which are inclined upwards along the conveying direction of the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture, and the separating teeth are in a trapezoidal structure. The conveying chain belt 253 is disturbed when conveying soil, and the separating teeth on the conveying chain belt 253 have the function of cutting and crushing the soil.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the tooth-type soil breaking and separating and conveying component 25 further comprises a conveying belt power mechanism, the conveying belt power mechanism comprises a shaft v 2711 and a shaft iv 2707 which are rotatably connected with the frame 21, a chain wheel is respectively arranged on the shaft i 2705 and the shaft iv 2707, the shaft i 2705 and the shaft iv 2707 are in transmission connection through a chain i 2706 and the chain wheel, a belt wheel iii 2708 is arranged on the shaft iv 2707, a belt wheel iv 2710 is arranged on the shaft v 2711, and the belt wheel iii 2708 and the belt wheel iv 2710 are in transmission connection through a belt ii 2709, so that the shaft v 2711 is in transmission connection with the shaft i 2705 to drive the shaft v 2711 to rotate through the shaft i 2705.

In order to improve the conveying effect of the conveying chain belt 253, improve the crushing and separating effects on soil and prevent the mixture from being blocked on the conveying chain belt 253, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the tooth-type soil crushing and separating conveying component 25 further comprises a roller assembly arranged above the conveying chain belt 253, the roller assembly comprises a shaft VIII 2715 rotatably connected with the rack 21, two ends of the shaft VIII 2715 are slidably connected with the rack 21 through bearing seats, and the rack 21 is provided with an adjusting rod 255 for limiting the sliding of the bearing seats so as to change the distance between the shaft VIII 2715 and the conveying chain belt 253. The shaft VIII 2715 is sleeved with a roller 254, arch teeth (shown in figure 5) are arranged on the roller 254, the arch teeth are of a U-shaped structure or a V-shaped structure, the tip end of the V-shaped structure is in arc curve transition, and the arch teeth are spirally arranged on the surface of the roller 254. When the conveying chain belt 253 conveys the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture to the position under the roller 254, the arch teeth on the roller 254 prick and crush the soil, the crushed soil falls off and is separated from the gap of the conveying chain belt 253, the gap between the roller 254 and the conveying chain belt 253 is adjusted through the adjusting rod 255, and the soil-ligusticum wallichii is effectively crushed and separated from the conveying chain belt 253 through the proper gap.

As shown in fig. 1-3, the roller assembly further comprises a gear 2712 arranged on the shaft v 2711 and a shaft vii 2713 arranged on the frame 21, the shaft vii 2713 is also provided with a gear 2712 meshed with the gear 2712 on the shaft v 2711, and the shaft vii 2713 and the shaft VIII 2715 are both provided with chain wheels meshed with a chain ii 2714, so that the shaft vii 2713 and the shaft VIII 2715 are in transmission connection.

The working process of the tooth-type soil crushing separation conveying part is as follows: as shown in fig. 1 to 3 and 5, the reduction gearbox 2701 transmits the power of the tractor body to the shaft i 2705 through a belt, the shaft i 2705 transmits the power to the shaft iv 2707 through the chain i 2706, the shaft iv 2707 transmits the power to the shaft v 2711 again, the shaft v 2711 drives the conveying chain belt 253 to rotate through a driving sprocket, the rotating direction of the conveying chain belt 253 is clockwise, the shaft v 2711 drives the shaft viii 2715 to rotate through a gear 2712 and a chain ii 2714, finally the shaft viii 2715 drives the roller 254 to rotate, the rotating direction of the roller 254 is counterclockwise and is opposite to the rotating direction of the conveying chain belt 253, when the soil and ligusticum wallichii mixture falls on the tooth-type soil crushing and separating and conveying part 25 from the tail end of the soil shaking screen 249, the conveying chain 253 starts to convey the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture, because the separating teeth are arranged on the conveying chain 253, the teeth are separated, the soil is disturbed and scratched in the conveying process, and the crushed soil falls off from the gaps of the conveying chain 253, in addition, in order to improve the conveying effect of the conveying chain 253 and prevent the mixture from being blocked on the conveying chain 253, when the conveying chain 253 conveys the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture to the position under the roller 254, the arch teeth on the roller 254 prick and crush the soil, the crushed soil falls and is separated from the gap of the conveying chain 253, the gap between the roller 254 and the conveying chain 253 is adjusted by the adjusting rod 255, and the proper gap ensures the soil-ligusticum wallichii to be efficiently crushed and separated from the conveying chain 253. The soil crushing and separating effect of the tooth-type soil crushing and separating and conveying component 25 is referred to as the secondary soil crushing and separating effect of tooth-type soil crushing and arch-tooth roller type soil compacting.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the cleaning member 26 includes a soil cleaning plate 264 rotatably connected to the frame 21, a baffle 265 disposed above the soil cleaning plate 264, and a soil cleaning power mechanism. The soil cleaning plate 264 comprises a plurality of shaking rods with axes parallel to each other, a shaking hole for soil to pass through is formed between any two adjacent shaking rods, the shaking rods can be made of steel bars, and the soil cleaning plate 264 is formed by welding a plurality of steel bars. The baffle 265 is disposed on the frame 21, and the baffle 265 is made of plastic or rubber strip material.

As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3, the soil cleaning power mechanism comprises a crank ii 261 and a driving connecting rod ii 263, wherein one end of the crank ii 261 is fixedly connected with a shaft v 2711, the other end of the crank ii 261 is rotatably connected with one end of the driving connecting rod ii 263, and the other end of the driving connecting rod ii 263 is rotatably connected with the soil cleaning plate 264. The other end of the crank II 261 is rotatably connected with one end of the driving connecting rod II 263 through a shaft VI 262.

Cleaning the parts: as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the shaft v 2711 rotates to drive the crank ii 261 to rotate, and the driving connecting rod ii 263 swings through the shaft vi 262 mounted on the crank ii 261, so as to drive the soil cleaning plate 264 to move; when the crank II 261 rotates, the driving connecting rod II 263 swings and drives the soil cleaning plate 264 to swing, the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture conveyed by the tooth-type soil breaking and separating conveying component 25 falls on the soil cleaning plate 264 from the tail end of the conveying chain belt 253, due to the swinging effect of the soil cleaning plate 264, a steel bar of the soil cleaning plate 264 beats the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture at the frequency of 2-4 times/s to break soil, the beaten soil and the ligusticum wallichii are blocked on the soil cleaning plate 264 by the baffle 265, the soil is broken and separated again, and finally the clean ligusticum wallichii falls to the ground from the tail end of the soil cleaning plate 264. The soil crushing and separating effect of the cleaning member 26 is referred to herein as a third-stage soil crushing and separating effect of the bar beating.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in order to ensure that the soil-chuanxiong rhizome mixture sequentially enters the digging shovel 23, the throwing and breaking soil separating and conveying member 24, the tooth-type breaking soil separating and conveying member 25, and the cleaning member 26, one end of the soil shaking screen 249 is located below the digging shovel 23, one end of the conveying chain 253 is located below the other end of the soil shaking screen 249, and one end of the soil cleaning plate 264 is located below the other end of the conveying chain 253. The digging shovel 23 is obliquely arranged with the ground, i.e. the included angle between the conveying direction of the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture and the ground is an acute angle.

Claims

1. The multistage soil-crushing ligusticum wallichii excavator is characterized by comprising a rack (21), wherein a digging shovel (23), a throwing and crushing soil separating and conveying component (24), a tooth-type soil-crushing separating and conveying component (25) and a cleaning component (26) are sequentially arranged on the rack (21) from left to right;

the throwing and breaking soil separating and conveying component (24) comprises a soil shaking sieve (249) and a soil shaking power mechanism for driving the soil shaking sieve (249) to vibrate, and breaking nails for breaking soil are arranged on the soil shaking sieve (249);

the tooth-type soil crushing separation conveying part (25) comprises a conveying chain belt (253), and separation teeth are arranged on the conveying chain belt (253);

the cleaning component (26) comprises a soil cleaning plate (264) which is rotationally connected with the rack (21) and a baffle plate (265) which is arranged above the soil cleaning plate (264);

one end of the soil shaking screen (249) is located below the digging shovel (23), one end of the conveying chain belt (253) is located below the other end of the soil shaking screen (249), and one end of the soil cleaning plate (264) is located below the other end of the conveying chain belt (253).

2. The multi-stage soil crushing ligusticum wallichii excavator according to claim 1, wherein the soil shaking sieve (249) and the soil cleaning plate (264) comprise a plurality of shaking rods with axes parallel to each other, a shaking hole for soil to pass through is arranged between any two adjacent shaking rods, and the crushing nail is arranged on the shaking rod of the soil shaking sieve (249).

3. The multi-stage soil crushing ligusticum wallichii excavator according to claim 1, wherein the crushing nails and the separation teeth are arranged in an upward inclined manner along the conveying direction of the soil-ligusticum wallichii mixture.

4. The multi-stage soil crushing and ligusticum wallichii excavation machine according to claim 1, wherein a suspension part (22) for detachable connection with a tractor body is arranged on the frame (21).

5. The multi-stage soil crushing ligusticum wallichii excavator according to claim 1, further comprising a roller assembly arranged above the conveying chain belt (253), wherein the roller assembly comprises a shaft VIII (2715) rotatably connected with the frame (21), and the distance between the shaft VIII (2715) and the conveying chain belt (253) is variable; a roller (254) is sleeved on the shaft VIII (2715), and arch teeth are arranged on the roller (254).

6. The multi-stage soil crushing ligusticum wallichii excavator according to claim 5, wherein the arch teeth are in a U-shaped structure or a V-shaped structure, and the tips of the V-shaped structure are in arc curve transition; the arcuate teeth are disposed in a helical arrangement on a surface of the drum (254).

7. The multi-stage soil crushing and ligusticum wallichii excavator according to claim 5, wherein two ends of the shaft VIII (2715) are slidably connected with the frame (21) through bearing seats, and the frame (21) is provided with an adjusting rod (255) for limiting the sliding of the bearing seats.

8. The multi-stage soil crushing ligusticum wallichii excavator according to claim 1, further comprising a transmission device (27), wherein the transmission device (27) comprises a reduction gearbox (2701) installed on the machine frame (21) and a shaft I (2705) in rotary connection with the machine frame (21), and the output end of the reduction gearbox (2701) is in transmission connection with the shaft I (2705).

9. The multi-stage soil crushing ligusticum wallichii excavator according to claim 8, wherein the tooth-type soil crushing and separating conveying component (25) further comprises a conveying belt power mechanism, the conveying belt power mechanism comprises a shaft V (2711) rotatably connected with the frame (21) and a driving sprocket arranged on the shaft V (2711), the driving sprocket is meshed with the conveying chain belt (253), and the shaft V (2711) is in transmission connection with the shaft I (2705) to realize that the shaft I (2705) drives the shaft V (2711) to rotate;

the cleaning part (26) further comprises a soil cleaning power mechanism, the soil cleaning power mechanism comprises a crank II (261) and a driving connecting rod II (263), one end of the crank II (261) is fixedly connected with the shaft V (2711), the other end of the crank II (261) is rotatably connected with one end of the driving connecting rod II (263), and the other end of the driving connecting rod II (263) is rotatably connected with the soil cleaning plate (264).

10. The multistage soil-crushing ligusticum wallichii excavator according to claim 8, wherein the soil-shaking power mechanism comprises two soil-shaking side plates (248) arranged on the soil-shaking screen (249) in a mirror image manner, a shaft III (244) arranged on the soil-shaking side plates (248) and a crank-rocker mechanism, the crank-rocker mechanism comprises a crank I (241), a driving connecting rod I (243), a rocker I (245), a fixed connecting rod (246) and a rocker II (247), one end of the crank I (241) is fixedly connected with the shaft I (2705), and the other end of the crank I (241) is rotatably connected with one end of the driving connecting rod I (243);

the other end of the driving connecting rod I (243) and one end of the rocker I (245) are rotatably connected with the shaft III (244), and the other end of the rocker I (245) is rotatably connected with the rack (21); one end of the fixed connecting rod (246) is fixedly connected with the shaft III (244), the other end of the fixed connecting rod (246) is fixedly connected with the soil shaking side plate (248), and two ends of the rocker II (247) are respectively connected with the rack (21) and the other end of the fixed connecting rod (246) in a rotating mode.