CN111357467A

CN111357467A - Peanut digging harvester

Info

Publication number: CN111357467A
Application number: CN202010382529.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蒋雨蕾; 蒋庆臣; 张国浩; 阮谢亭; 廉刚; 夏道峰; 鲁瑞萍
Original assignee: Henan Jindi Agricultural Equipment Co ltd
Current assignee: Henan Jindi Agricultural Equipment Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-05-08
Filing date: 2020-05-08
Publication date: 2020-07-03

Abstract

The invention discloses a peanut digging harvester which comprises a digging part, a screening part and a frame, wherein the digging part comprises a digging shovel and a transmission chain, the transmission chain is obliquely conveyed towards the rear upper part, the tail end of the digging shovel is positioned above the front end of the transmission chain, the digging shovel is fixedly installed with the frame, and rolling shafts at the end parts of the transmission chain are rotatably installed with the frame; screening portion is including the sieve and the tail sieve that can rock, the sieve level is arranged in the transfer chain below, the tail sieve is arranged in the rear end of conveying chain, the slope of tail sieve opening below to the back, the front end of tail sieve is in the below of conveying chain rear end, and this peanut excavates the harvester and through setting up the sieve of shake in the below of transfer chain, carries out the secondary screening with the hack that drops on the transfer chain, makes the fruit that drops and the separation of hack, and the later stage of being convenient for is collected the fruit that falls scattered.

Description

Peanut digging harvester

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a peanut digging harvester.

Background

The peanut is a nut which is abundant in yield and wide in eating in China, belongs to an annual herb plant of Rosales, belongs to leguminous, has a stem which is upright or creeping and is 30-80 cm long, a petal is separated from a keel petal, the pod is 2-5 cm long and 1-1.3 cm wide, and is swollen, thick in pod and 6-8 months in flower and fruit period. Because the peanuts are buried in the soil, when the peanuts are picked, the peanuts are dug or pulled out from the soil in a manual digging mode, the efficiency is low, and the problem that the peanuts fall into the soil easily occurs. Chinese patent application No. 201910037900.6 discloses a peanut digger, drag peanut digger through traction vehicle, utilize the digger blade to carry out the peanut and excavate, promote through conveyer afterwards, through the tail sieve screening afterwards, realize the automatic results of peanut, sharply promote results efficiency, but when carrying out the results, the conveyer front and back end all has extrusion equipment, when crowded garrulous with the clod, it drops from the seedling to cause the peanut fruit easily, and conveyer is the great transfer chain of fretwork, the fruit that drops this moment falls along with the hack together, the fruit is buried, be difficult for the later stage to search, if reduce the space of transfer chain, then can cause the hack whereabouts unsmooth, cause the interior hack volume of tail sieve to increase, the screening is unclean, cause the influence to the loading in seedling later stage.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the existing defects and provides a peanut digging harvester, which is characterized in that a vibrating sieve plate is arranged below a conveying chain to secondarily screen the broken soil falling on the conveying chain, so that the falling fruits are separated from the broken soil, the scattered fruits are conveniently collected at the later stage, and the problems in the background technology can be effectively solved.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a peanut digging harvester comprises a digging part, a screening part and a frame, wherein the digging part comprises a digging shovel and a transmission chain, the transmission chain is obliquely conveyed towards the rear upper part, the tail end of the digging shovel is positioned above the front end of the transmission chain, the digging shovel and the frame are fixedly installed, and end part rolling shafts of the transmission chain are rotatably installed with the frame;

the screening portion is including the sieve and the tail sieve that can rock, the sieve level is arranged in the transfer chain below, the tail sieve is arranged in the rear end of conveying chain, the slope of tail sieve opening below backward, the front end of tail sieve is in the below of conveying chain rear end.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the front end of the sieve plate is fixedly installed with the rack through an elastic connecting piece, the tail end of the sieve plate is horizontally and rotatably provided with a crankshaft, two ends of the crankshaft are respectively and rotatably installed with the rack, the tail sieve is of a groove-shaped structure, the upper end of the tail sieve is rotatably installed with the rack, a transmission rod is arranged between the tail sieve and the crankshaft, the crankshaft is vertical to the axis of the transmission rod, and two ends of the transmission rod are respectively and rotatably installed with the crankshaft and the bottom of the tail sieve;

the rear end of the sieve plate is driven to swing up and down through the rotation of the crankshaft, so that the sieve plate simulates the form of manually using a dustpan, the scattered fruits and the crushed soil are separated, the crankshaft is connected with the tail sieve through the transmission rod, the tail sieve is driven to shake through the rotation of the crankshaft, the screening of seedlings is realized, and the crushed soil in the seedlings is shaken out.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, a spherical bulge is coaxially arranged in the middle of the crankshaft, one end of the transmission rod is provided with a spherical shell, the spherical shell and the spherical bulge of the crankshaft are rotatably arranged, and the other end of the transmission rod is hinged with the bottom of the tail screen through a spherical hinge;

through the combined design of the spherical bulge and the spherical shell, the crankshaft cannot be locked with the transmission rod after axial movement occurs, the problem that an internal moving part is locked due to high-speed shaking of the frame in the working process is avoided, and the working stability is ensured.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the rear end of the sieve plate is provided with a tail pocket with an opening at the upper end, and the bottom of the tail pocket is provided with a metal screen;

set up the tail pocket through the rear end at the sieve, will collect from the object that the sieve was sieved out, this kind of mostly is the seedling leaf that drops of collecting, but still has the peanut fruit of partial scattering.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, a traction frame is arranged above the front end of a rack, a gearbox is arranged in the traction frame, an input shaft of the gearbox is connected with an output shaft of a front traction vehicle, an output shaft of the gearbox is connected with an input shaft of a crankshaft and a transmission chain through a power transmission mechanism, a roller is rotatably arranged at the rear end of the rack, a swing frame is vertically and swingably arranged at the front end of the rack, a depth limiting roller is rotatably arranged at the free end of the swing frame, a telescopic rod is arranged between the middle position of the swing frame and the rack, and two ends of the telescopic rod are hinged by hinges;

the swing frame is driven by the telescopic rod to swing up and down, so that the relative height of the depth limiting roller and the rack is adjusted, and the soil feeding depth of the digging shovel is adjusted.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, a first extrusion roller is arranged above one end of the digging shovel close to a conveying chain, a second extrusion roller is arranged above one end of the conveying chain close to a tail screen, a material guiding grate is arranged at a gap part between the conveying chain and the tail screen, the material guiding grate is fixedly installed with a frame, a spiral broom is horizontally and rotatably arranged above the front end of the digging shovel, the axial lines of the spiral broom, the first extrusion roller and the second extrusion roller are parallel, and input shafts of the spiral broom, the first extrusion roller and the second extrusion roller are respectively connected with an output shaft of a gearbox through a transmission mechanism;

carry out once or the second grade extrusion to the seedling through first squeeze roll and second squeeze roll to pulverize inside soil block, the screening of being convenient for sets up the spiral broom simultaneously at the front end, and the spiral broom's spire is soft brush hair, stirs the seedling to one side, makes it topple over to one side to unifying, thereby makes the seedling direction of arranging of tail sieve output unanimous, the subsequent loading operation of being convenient for.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: this harvester is excavated to peanut sets up the less sieve of hole below the transfer chain, through the shake operation of sieve, the fruit that will see through the transfer chain and drop and hack carry out the secondary screening, stay the sieve surface with the fruit, the artifical shake mode that uses the dustpan of sieve simulation simultaneously, the fruit that makes scattered remains on the sieve surface all the time, be difficult for dropping along with the hack together, can not be buried, be convenient for to the collection of fruit scattered, promote the collection rate of fruit, reduce the loss.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the screen section of the present invention assembled;

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the crankshaft assembly of the present invention.

In the figure: the device comprises a digging part 1, a first extrusion roller 101, a conveying chain 102, a second extrusion roller 103, a helical broom 104, a digging shovel 105, a screening part 2, a screen plate 201, a tail screen 202, a transmission rod 203, a tail pocket 204, a material guide grate 205, a crankshaft 206, a machine frame 3, a depth-limiting roller 301, a roller 302, a traction frame 303, a gear box 304 and a telescopic rod 305.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-4, the present invention provides a technical solution: a peanut digging harvester comprises a digging part 1, a screening part 2 and a frame 3, wherein the digging part 1 comprises a digging shovel 105 and a transmission chain 102, the transmission chain 105 is obliquely conveyed upwards and backwards, the tail end of the digging shovel 105 is positioned above the front end of the transmission chain 105, the digging shovel 105 is fixedly installed with the frame 3, and the end part rollers of the transmission chain 102 are rotatably installed with the frame 3;

the screening section 2 includes a shakable screen deck 201 and a tail screen 202, the screen deck 201 is horizontally arranged below the conveyor chain 102, the tail screen 202 is arranged at the rear end of the conveyor chain 102, the tail screen 202 is opened to be inclined rearward and downward, and the front end of the tail screen 202 is positioned below the rear end of the conveyor chain 102.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the front end of the sieve plate 201 is fixedly installed with the frame 3 through an elastic connecting piece, the tail end of the sieve plate 201 is horizontally and rotatably installed with a crankshaft 206, two ends of the crankshaft 206 are respectively and rotatably installed with the frame 3, the tail sieve 202 is of a groove-shaped structure, the upper end of the tail sieve 202 is rotatably installed with the frame 3, a transmission rod 203 is arranged between the tail sieve 202 and the crankshaft 206, the crankshaft 206 is vertical to the axis of the transmission rod 203, and two ends of the transmission rod 203 are respectively and rotatably installed with the crankshaft 206 and the bottom of the tail sieve 202;

the rear end of the sieve plate 201 is driven to swing up and down through the rotation of the crankshaft 206, so that the sieve plate 201 simulates the shape of a dustpan used manually, the separation of scattered fruits and crushed soil is completed, the crankshaft 206 is connected with the tail sieve 202 through the transmission rod 203, the tail sieve 202 is driven to shake through the rotation of the crankshaft 206, the screening of seedlings is realized, and the crushed soil in the seedlings is shaken out.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the middle position of the crankshaft 206 is coaxially provided with a spherical bulge, one end of the transmission rod 203 is provided with a spherical shell, the spherical shell is rotatably installed with the spherical bulge of the crankshaft 206, and the other end of the transmission rod 203 is hinged with the bottom of the tail screen 202 through a spherical hinge;

through the combination design of spherical protrusion and spherical shell, make bent axle 206 after taking place axial displacement, can not die with transfer line 203 card, avoid the high-speed shake of frame 3 to cause the dead problem of inside moving part card in the course of the work, guarantee the stability of work.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the rear end of the sieve plate 201 is provided with a tail pocket 204 with an opening at the upper end, and the bottom of the tail pocket 204 is provided with a metal screen;

set up tail pocket 204 through the rear end at sieve 201, collect the object that will sieve from sieve 201, this kind of mostly is the seedling leaf that drops of collecting, but still has the peanut fruit that the part scatters.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, a traction frame 303 is arranged above the front end of a frame 3, a gearbox 304 is arranged in the traction frame 303, an input shaft of the gearbox 304 is connected with an output shaft of a front traction vehicle, an output shaft of the gearbox 304 is connected with a crankshaft 206 and an input shaft of a transmission chain 102 through a power transmission mechanism, a roller 302 is rotatably arranged at the rear end of the frame 3, a swing frame is vertically and swingably arranged at the front end of the frame 3, a depth limiting roller 301 is rotatably arranged at the free end of the swing frame, an expansion rod 305 is arranged between the middle position of the swing frame and the frame 3, and two ends of the expansion rod 305 are hinged by hinges;

the swing frame is driven to swing up and down through the telescopic rod 305, so that the relative height of the depth limiting roller 301 and the rack 3 is adjusted, and the soil feeding depth of the digging shovel 105 is adjusted.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, a first extrusion roller 101 is arranged above one end of a digging shovel 105 close to a conveying chain 102, a second extrusion roller 103 is arranged above one end of the conveying chain 102 close to a tail screen 202, a material guiding grate 205 is arranged at a gap part between the conveying chain 102 and the tail screen 202, the material guiding grate 205 is fixedly installed with a frame 3, a spiral broom 104 is horizontally and rotatably arranged above the front end of the digging shovel 105, the axes of the spiral broom 104, the first extrusion roller 101 and the second extrusion roller 103 are parallel, and input shafts of the spiral broom 104, the first extrusion roller 101 and the second extrusion roller 103 are respectively connected with an output shaft of a gear box 304 through a transmission mechanism;

carry out once or second grade extrusion to the seedling through first squeeze roll 101 and second squeeze roll 103 to pulverize inside soil block, be convenient for screen, set up spiral broom 104 simultaneously at the front end, the spiral part of spiral broom 104 is soft brush hair, stirs the seedling to one side, makes it topple over to one side to unify, thereby makes the seedling direction of arranging of tail sieve 202 output unanimous, is convenient for subsequent loading operation.

A whipping mechanism is arranged above the transmission chain 102, the whipping mechanism comprises a plurality of groups of rotating shafts which are arranged in parallel and are rotatably arranged with the frame 3, the axes of the rotating shafts are parallel to the upper surface of the transmission chain 102, and flexible whipping strips are uniformly arranged at intervals on the axes of the rotating shafts;

the rotating shaft is connected with an output shaft of the gearbox 304 through a power transmission mechanism to drive the rotating shaft to rotate at a high speed, so that the whip strips are driven to whip the seedlings on the surface of the transmission chain 102, soil blocks attached to the surface are smashed, and the soil blocks carried by the seedlings are reduced.

The conveying chain 102 is driven by three groups of chains which are arranged in parallel and are closed-loop, a plurality of groups of parallel straight rods are vertically arranged among the three groups of chains, the upper conveying edge of each chain is meshed with a chain wheel ring, and an eccentric wheel is rotatably arranged in each chain wheel ring;

the input shaft of the eccentric wheel is connected with the output shaft of the gearbox 304 through a chain or belt transmission mechanism, and the chain wheel ring is driven to swing up and down through the rotation of the eccentric wheel, so that the transmission chain 102 is driven to shake, the shaking effect is increased, and soil crumbles can fall off from seedlings.

When in use: the length of the telescopic rod 305 is adjusted to change the swing angle of the swing frame, namely, the relative height of the depth-limiting roller 301 and the machine frame 3 is adjusted, namely, the soil-entering depth of the digging shovel 105 is adjusted, the telescopic rod 305 is preferably a hydraulic cylinder and is communicated with a hydraulic system of a tractor to facilitate length adjustment, when the adjustment is proper, the traction frame 303 is connected with a front traction vehicle, an input shaft of a gearbox 304 is connected with an output shaft of the traction vehicle to drive the transmission chain 102, the first squeezing roller 101, the second squeezing roller 103 and the crankshaft 206 to rotate, wherein the power transmission mechanism is preferably a chain or belt transmission mechanism, when the machine frame 3 moves forwards, the digging shovel 105 shovels seedlings and soil together and moves backwards relative to the digging shovel 105 to fall onto the surface of the transmission chain 102, during the period, the seedlings are squeezed by the first squeezing roller 101 for the first time, so that larger soil blocks are crushed, when being transmitted by the transmission chain 102, the method is characterized in that the soil is shaken off by utilizing the shaking of the sieve plate 201, the scattered peanuts fall off together and are received by the sieve plate 201, the shaken sieve plate 201 screens the fallen soil and the scattered peanuts again, the scattered peanuts are left, the collection rate is improved, the seedlings on the conveying chain 102 continue to be fed until the seedlings fall into the tail sieve 202, in the process, the seedlings are squeezed again by the second squeezing roller 103, soil blocks which are not squeezed and crushed by primary squeezing are squeezed and crushed, the screening of the tail sieve 202 is facilitated, the scattered peanuts generated by secondary squeezing are received by the material guide grate 205 and synchronously enter the tail sieve 202, at the moment, the screen mesh size of the tail sieve 202 is reduced due to the fact that the soil amount screened by the tail sieve 202 is smaller than that of the conveying chain 102, the scattered peanuts cannot pass through, and at the moment, the scattered peanuts are placed on the surface layer of the soil when being discharged through the rear end of the tail sieve 202, and later-stage searching and collection are facilitated.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a peanut digs harvester, includes excavation portion (1), screening portion (2) and frame (3), its characterized in that: the excavating part (1) comprises an excavating shovel (105) and a conveying chain (102), the conveying chain (105) is conveyed upwards and backwards in an inclined mode, the tail end of the excavating shovel (105) is located above the front end of the conveying chain (105), the excavating shovel (105) is fixedly installed with the rack (3), and the end rolling shafts of the conveying chain (102) are rotatably installed with the rack (3);

the screening part (2) comprises a shaking screen plate (201) and a tail screen (202), the screen plate (201) is horizontally arranged below the conveying chain (102), the tail screen (202) is arranged at the rear end of the conveying chain (102), the opening of the tail screen (202) is inclined towards the rear lower part, and the front end of the tail screen (202) is arranged below the rear end of the conveying chain (102).

2. The peanut digging harvester of claim 1, wherein: the front end of sieve (201) passes through elastic connection spare and frame (3) fixed mounting, the tail end horizontal rotation installation bent axle (206) of sieve (201), the both ends of bent axle (206) rotate the installation with frame (3) respectively, tail sieve (202) are the flute profile structure, the upper end and the frame (3) of tail sieve (202) rotate the installation, be provided with between tail sieve (202) and bent axle (206) transfer line (203), the axis of bent axle (206) and transfer line (203) is perpendicular, the both ends of transfer line (203) rotate the installation with the bottom of bent axle (206) and tail sieve (202) respectively.

3. A peanut digging harvester according to claim 2, wherein: the middle position of the crankshaft (206) is coaxially provided with a spherical bulge, one end of the transmission rod (203) is provided with a spherical shell, the spherical shell is rotatably installed with the spherical bulge of the crankshaft (206), and the other end of the transmission rod (203) is hinged with the bottom of the tail screen (202) through a spherical hinge.

4. The peanut digging harvester of claim 1, wherein: the rear end of sieve (201) sets up upper end open-ended tail pocket (204), the bottom of tail pocket (204) is metal mesh.

5. A peanut digging harvester according to claim 2, wherein: the utility model discloses a take-up frame, including frame (3), traction frame (303), inside gearbox (304) that sets up of traction frame (303), the input shaft and the leading traction vehicle's of gearbox (304) output shaft, the output shaft of gearbox (304) passes through the input shaft of power transmission mechanism and bent axle (206) and transfer chain (102), the rear end of frame (3) rotates installation gyro wheel (302), the front end luffing motion installation rocker of frame (3), the free end of rocker rotates installation depth roller (301), set up telescopic link (305) between the intermediate position of rocker and frame (3), the both ends of telescopic link (305) all adopt the hinge joint.

6. A peanut digging harvester according to claim 5, wherein: the device is characterized in that a first squeezing roller (101) is arranged above one end, close to a conveying chain (102), of the digging shovel (105), a second squeezing roller (103) is arranged above one end, close to a tail screen (202), of the conveying chain (102), a material guiding grate (205) is arranged in a gap between the conveying chain (102) and the tail screen (202), the material guiding grate (205) is fixedly installed on a rack (3), a spiral broom (104) is horizontally and rotatably arranged above the front end of the digging shovel (105), the axial lines of the spiral broom (104), the first squeezing roller (101) and the second squeezing roller (103) are parallel, and input shafts of the spiral broom (104), the first squeezing roller (101) and the second squeezing roller (103) are respectively connected with an output shaft of a gearbox (304) through a transmission mechanism.