CN203261721U - Peanut harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

A peanut harvester comprises a machine frame (2), a break shovel (21), a walking wheel, a lifting machine A (3), a transmission device, a hydraulic system and a traction frame (1). The machine frame (2) is provided with a peanut and vine separating device (4), a primary separation device is arranged on the upper portion of the peanut and vine separating device (4), the lifting machine A (3) is provided with a lifting machine frame (19) and hinged to the machine frame (2), the break shovel (21) and a shoveling plate (20) are both arranged on the lifting machine frame (19), and the traction frame (1) is arranged at the front end of the machine frame (2) and connected with the machine frame (2). The peanut harvester has the advantages of being simple in structure, convenient to use, high in work efficiency, little in harvest waste, and suitable for late peanut harvest, so that the peanut yield is improved.

Description

peanut harvester

technical field

The utility model belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a peanut harvester.

Background technique

At present, the domestic peanut harvest is mainly to pull up or shovel the peanut and its seedlings together manually or mechanically, and then separate the seedlings and fruits manually or mechanically. Since most peanuts are cultivated with film covering, this method has the following disadvantages: (1) The waste is large; (2) The residual film cannot be completely separated from the peanut seedlings, which greatly affects the feed value of the peanut seedlings; ( 3) Harvesting efficiency is low.

The peanut harvester imported from the United States harvests 3 films and 12 rows of peanuts at a time. Although the harvesting efficiency is high, due to the fact that the land in China is not flat enough, the soil is compacted or the harvest is too late, there are many fruits in the soil when pulling up operations, and there are residues in the soil when pulling out peanuts. Influenced by factors such as inability to harvest dropped peanuts, uneven height of peanut seedlings, failure to pull up peanuts, or many fruit drops when pulling up, the peanut harvester wastes a lot when harvesting, and the peanut harvester must be harvested with seedlings. Peanut seedlings are crushed after harvesting. Since the crushed peanut seedlings contain a large amount of residual film, they are difficult to separate and cannot be directly used as feed, so most of them are directly discharged into the field, wasting the opportunity to harvest peanut seedlings for high-quality feed.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the utility model is to provide a peanut harvester which is simple in structure, convenient to use, high in work efficiency, less in harvesting waste, and suitable for late harvesting of peanuts to increase peanut yield.

The utility model comprises: a frame (2), a loose soil shovel (21), a traveling wheel, a hoist A (3), a traction frame (1), a transmission device, a hydraulic system, a positive pressure fan (11) and a negative pressure fan (12), it is characterized in that: hoist A (3) is provided with independent lifting frame (19), and lifting frame (19) is located between the frame (2) of both sides, and middle part and frame (2) hinged, the hydraulic cylinder (24) is located between the front lifting frame (19) and the frame (2) of the hinge point, and the front lifting frame (19) bottom of the hydraulic cylinder (24) is provided with a stop bar ( 26), the frame (2) is provided with a crossbeam (27) in front of the stop bar (26), in order to increase the traction force point of the lifting frame (19), and the loose soil shovel (21) is located at the lifting frame The front end of (19), the hoisting frame (19) of the rear of loose soil shovel (21) is provided with shovel board (20), and shovel board (20) two ends are provided with baffle plate, shovel board (20) The lifting frame (19) above is provided with a conveying shaft (22), the conveying shaft (22) is provided with a conveying hook (23), and the frame (2) behind the lifting frame (19) is provided with an initial separation mechanism. device, the initial separation device includes: a transmission device, a housing (7), a separating screen A (9), a crushed soil conveying device, and the crushed soil conveying device is arranged above the separating screen A (9), and includes a crushed soil conveying rake (5 ), chain (6), crushed soil conveying rake shaft (25), crushed soil conveying rake shaft (25) is located on the chain (6) and is integrated with the chain (6), and the housing rear is provided with outlet (8) , the bottom of the separation screen A (9) is provided with a flat mouth funnel (17), and the bottom of the flat mouth funnel (17) is provided with a negative pressure pipe (18), a positive pressure air pipe (13) and a deflector (14). The flow plate (14) is arranged under the positive pressure air duct (13), and the described flow guide plate is an arch with a slope on both sides of the middle height, and the slopes on both sides extend out of the frame on both sides. The bottom is provided with a fruit and seedling separation device (4), and the fruit and seedling separation device (4) includes: a transmission device, a separation shaft (16), a fruit picking frame (10), and the fruit picking frame (10) is fixed on the separation shaft (16) and forms a Arranged in a spiral, the front end of the fruit and seedling separation device (4) is equipped with a negative pressure pipe (18), and the lower part of the fruit and seedling separation device (4) is equipped with a separation screen D (9-3), a separation screen C (9-2), a separation screen B(9-1), separation screen C(9-2) and separation screen B(9-1) are equipped with a negative pressure air duct (18), the front of separation screen C(9-2) is low and the rear is high, and the separation screen B (9-1) is high at the front and low at the back, and a beating device (15) is installed above the separation screen B (9-1) and separation screen C (9-2), and a guide is provided below the separation screen C (9-2). The flow plate B (14-1), the flow guide plate B (14-1) is parallel to the separation screen C (9-2), and is arched with slopes on both sides of the middle height, and the slopes on both sides protrude from both sides. Outside the frame, there is a negative pressure air pipe (18) at the end of the separation screen B (9-1), and a "Z" type hoist B (3-1) that is straight to the forward direction of the unit, and the traction frame ( 1) It is arranged at the front end of the frame (2) and connected with the frame (2).

Before use, cut off the peanut seedlings about 7 centimeters above the ground with manual or lawn mowing machinery, and after drying for a few days, use manual or forage harvesting balers to bundle the peanut seedlings for harvesting and pull them out of the ground.

When the peanut harvester is in use, the peanut harvester is pulled by a tractor for field work, and the power is provided by an independent diesel engine. After loosening the soil with the shovel, the soil shovel board (20) shovels the peanut stubble with fruit, the fallen peanuts and the soil together under the conveying shaft (22) next to it, and is transported by the conveying shaft (22). Under the action of rotation force, the hook (23) transports the stubble of peanuts with fruit, fallen peanuts and soil to the hoist A (3), and the hoist A (3) transports them to the primary separation device. In the separation device, the crushed soil conveying rake (5) crushes the soil and at the same time rakes the peanut stubble with fruit and some peanuts and soil out of the outlet (8) on the shell (7), and falls into the fruit seedling separation device (4 )Inside. The sieve A (9) under the primary separation device sieves most of the soil and some peanuts into the flat funnel (17) and flows out of the flat funnel (17). When flowing out of the flat funnel (17), the Under the action of the positive pressure air pipe (13) and the negative pressure pipe (18), the peanuts and finely crushed soil clods and part of the peanut branches and leaves are separated, and the branches and leaves are discharged from the machine by the negative pressure pipe (18), and the peanuts and The crushed soil is guided to the separation sieve D (9-3) by the deflector (14), and then falls into the separation sieve C (9-2) for subsequent separation of fruit and soil. The larger clod that flat mouth funnel (17) flows out then is exported body by deflector (14), falls on the ground. Under the action of the fruit seedling separation device (4), the peanut stubble, peanut fruit and soil with fruit that fall into the fruit seedling separation device (4) pass through the separation screen D (9-3 ), fall into the separation sieve C (9-2) for subsequent separation; the peanut stubble with fruit moves to the front of the fruit seedling separation device (4) under the action of the helically arranged fruit picking frame (10) driven by the separation shaft (16) , the peanut stubble with fruit is separated from the stubble at the same time during the movement, and the separated peanut fruit and some peanut stubble branches pass through the separation sieve D (9-3) and fall into the separation sieve C (9-2) to continue the separation. The peanut stubble of the non-peanut fruit is discharged out of the machine through the connected negative pressure air pipe (18) at the front part of the seedling separating device (4).

The separating screen C (9-2) is low at the front and high at the rear, and the peanuts and soil on it vibrate toward the front of the peanut harvester, while sifting out fine soil lumps, and the deflector B (14-2) located below it 1) Discharge out of the machine; peanuts and larger soil clods run to the beating device (15), and under the action of the beating device (15), the larger soil clods are crushed and fall into the separation sieve B (9 -1); During the process of peanut stubble residues, peanuts and soil falling from C (9-2) into the separation screen B (9-1), some of the lighter peanut stubble residues are connected to the negative pressure air duct (18 ) out of the machine,

Separating screen B (9-1) is high at the front and low at the back, and part of the peanut residues, peanuts and soil on it vibrate and run backwards. After running under the beating device (15), under the action of the beating device (15) , the larger soil clods are crushed and screened out during the backward vibration operation, and directly fall to the ground; a negative pressure pipe (18) is connected above the rear of the separation screen B (9-1), Separate the remaining peanut stalks and other debris from the peanuts and discharge them out of the machine; the peanuts and a small amount of soil that fall from the tail of the separation screen B (9-1) enter the elevator B (3-1) , transported by the hoist B (3-1) to the tractor box following the right rear of the peanut harvester to complete the harvest.

The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, convenient use, high work efficiency, less harvesting waste, and is suitable for late harvesting of peanuts to increase peanut yield.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1: is the structural representation of the utility model example 1.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the top view of Figure 1 .

As shown in the figure, 1. is the traction frame, 2. is the frame, 3. is the hoist A, 3-1. is the hoist B, 4. is the fruit seedling separation device, 5. is the crushed soil conveying rake, 6 .is the chain, 7. is the shell, 8. is the outlet, 9. is the separation sieve A, 9-1. is the separation sieve B, 9-2. is the separation sieve C, 9-3. is the separation sieve D, 10 . is the fruit picking frame, 11. is the positive pressure fan, 12. is the negative pressure fan, 13. is the positive pressure air duct, 14. is the deflector A, 14-1. is the deflector B, 15. is the beating device , 16. is the separation shaft, 17. is the flat mouth funnel, 18. is the negative pressure air duct, 19. is the lifting frame, 20. is the shovel board, 21. is the loosening shovel, 22. is the conveying shaft, 23 . is a conveying hook, 24. is a hydraulic cylinder, 25. is a crushed soil conveying rake shaft, 26. is a retaining rod, and 27. is a beam.

Detailed ways

Embodiment 1: present embodiment frame (2), soil loosening shovel (21), road wheel, hoist A (3), traction frame (1), transmission device, hydraulic system, positive pressure fan (11) and negative Compressor fan (12), hoist A (3) is provided with independent hoisting frame (19), and hoisting frame (19) is located between the frame (2) of both sides, and middle part and frame (2) ) is hinged, the hydraulic cylinder (24) is located between the front lifting frame (19) and the frame (2) of the hinge point, and the lower part of the front lifting frame (19) of the hydraulic cylinder (24) is provided with a stop bar (26) , the frame (2) is provided with a crossbeam (27) in front of the stop bar (26), in order to increase the traction force point of the lifting frame (19), and the loose soil shovel (21) is located at the lifting frame (19) ), the lifting frame (19) at the rear of the soil loosening shovel (21) is provided with a shovel plate (20), and the two ends of the shovel plate (20) are provided with baffle plates, and the top of the shovel plate (20) The lifting frame (19) is provided with a conveying shaft (22), the conveying shaft (22) is provided with a conveying hook (23), and the frame (2) at the rear of the lifting frame (19) is provided with an initial separation device, The primary separation device includes: a transmission device, a housing (7), a separating screen A (9), and a crushed soil conveying device. The crushed soil conveying device is arranged above the separating screen A (9), and includes a crushed soil conveying rake (5), Chain (6), crushed soil conveying rake shaft (25), crushed soil conveying rake shaft (25) is located on the chain (6) and is integrated with chain (6), and the housing rear is provided with outlet (8), separated A flat mouth funnel (17) is arranged below the sieve A (9), and a negative pressure pipe (18), a positive pressure air pipe (13) and a deflector (14) are arranged below the flat mouth funnel (17), and the deflector (14) be located at the below of positive pressure air duct (13), described deflector is the arched shape that middle height both sides are inclined-plane, both sides inclined-planes all protrude outside the frame of both sides, and the first separating device is arranged below There is a fruit and seedling separation device (4). The fruit and seedling separation device (4) includes: a transmission device, a separation shaft (16), and a fruit picking frame (10). The fruit picking frame (10) is fixed on the separation shaft (16) and arranged in a spiral The front end of the fruit seedling separation device (4) is provided with a negative pressure pipe (18), and the lower part of the fruit seedling separation device (4) is provided with a separation screen D (9-3), a separation screen C (9-2), and a separation screen B ( 9-1), separation screen C (9-2) and separation screen B (9-1) are provided with a negative pressure pipe (18), the separation screen C (9-2) is low at the front and high at the rear, and separation screen B (9-1) is -1) The front is high and the rear is low, the beating device (15) is installed above the separation screen B (9-1) and the separation screen C (9-2), and the deflector B is provided under the separation screen C (9-2) (14-1), the deflector B (14-1) is parallel to the separating screen C (9-2), and is arched with slopes on both sides of the middle height, and the slopes on both sides extend out of the frame on both sides , a negative pressure pipe (18) is provided at the end of the separation screen B (9-1), and a "Z" type hoist B (3-1) that is straight to the forward direction of the unit is provided, and the traction frame (1) is located on The front end of the frame (2) is connected to the frame (2).

Before use, cut off the peanut seedlings about 7 centimeters above the ground with manual or lawn mowing machinery, and after drying for a few days, use manual or forage harvesting balers to bundle the peanut seedlings for harvesting and pull them out of the ground.

This peanut harvester can harvest two rows of peanuts in one film or four rows of peanuts in one film. When the peanut harvester is in use, the peanut harvester is operated in the field under the simultaneous action of the tractor traction device and the suspension device, and the power is provided by an independent diesel engine. The tractor traction device is responsible for the traction of the unit during operation, and the tractor suspension device is responsible for controlling the soil loosening depth of the soil loosening shovel (21) and the height of the hoist front end.

Immediately after loosening the soil and plowing the soil, the shovel board (20) shovels the fruit-carrying peanut stubble, the fallen peanuts and the soil together to the next conveying shaft (22) from a position of about 20 cm underground. Under the action of rotation force, the conveying hook (23) on the conveying shaft (22) conveys the fruit-bearing peanut stubble, fallen peanuts and soil to the hoist A (3), and the hoist A (3) lifts them transported to the primary separation device, where the crushed soil conveying rake (5) crushes the soil and at the same time rakes the peanut stubble with fruit and some peanuts and soil out of the outlet (8) on the shell (7), Fall into the fruit seedling separating device (4). The sieve A (9) under the primary separation device sieves most of the soil and some peanuts into the flat funnel (17) and flows out of the flat funnel (17). When flowing out of the flat funnel (17), the Under the action of the positive pressure air duct (13) and the negative pressure air duct (18), the peanuts, finely crushed soil clods and some peanut branches and leaves are separated, and the branches and leaves are discharged out of the machine by the negative pressure pipe (18). And crushed soil is led to separating sieve D (9-3) by deflector plate (14), then falls into separating sieve C (9-2) to carry out follow-up fruit soil separation. The larger clod that flat mouth funnel (17) flows out then is exported body by deflector (14), falls on the ground. Under the action of the fruit seedling separation device (4), the peanut stubble, peanut fruit and soil with fruit that fall into the fruit seedling separation device (4) pass through the separation screen D (9-3 ), fall into the separation sieve C (9-2) for subsequent separation; the peanut stubble with fruit moves to the front of the fruit seedling separation device (4) under the action of the helically arranged fruit picking frame (10) driven by the separation shaft (16) , the peanut stubble with fruit is separated from the stubble at the same time during the movement, and the separated peanut fruit and some peanut stubble branches pass through the separation sieve D (9-3) and fall into the separation sieve C (9-2) to continue the separation. The peanut stubble without peanuts is discharged out of the machine through the connected negative pressure pipe (18) at the front of the seedling separating device (4).

The separating screen C (9-2) is low at the front and high at the rear, and the peanuts and soil on it vibrate toward the front of the peanut harvester, while sifting out fine soil lumps, and the deflector B (14-2) located below it 1) Discharge out of the machine; peanuts and larger soil clods run to the beating device (15), and under the action of the beating device (15), the larger soil clods are crushed and fall into the separation sieve B (9 -1); during the process of peanut stubble stubble, peanut fruit and soil falling from C (9-2) into separation sieve B (9-1), part of the lighter peanut stubble stubble is connected to the suction pipe (18) out of the machine,

Separating screen B (9-1) is high at the front and low at the back, and part of the peanut residues, peanuts and soil on it vibrate and run backwards. After running under the beating device (15), under the action of the beating device (15) , the larger clods are crushed and screened out during the backward vibration operation, and directly fall to the ground; a negative pressure air pipe (18) is connected above the rear of the separation screen B (9-1) , separate the remaining peanut stubble and other sundries from the peanuts and discharge them out of the machine; the peanuts and a small amount of soil that fall from the tail of the separation screen B (9-1) enter the elevator B (3-1) On the ground, it is transported by the hoist B (3-1) to the tractor box following the right rear of the peanut harvester to complete the harvest. the

Claims (1)

1. harvester for peanut, frame (2), break shovel (21), road wheel, elevator A (3), elevator B (3-1), hitch frame (1), transmission device, hydraulic system, positive pressure fan (11) and negative-pressure air fan (12), it is characterized in that: elevator A (3) is provided with independently lift carriage (19), lift carriage (19) is located between the frame (2) of both sides, its middle part is hinged with frame (2), hydraulic jack (24) is located between the place ahead lift carriage (19) and frame (2) of pin joint, the place ahead lift carriage (19) bottom of hydraulic jack (24) is provided with pin (26), frame (2) is upper is provided with crossbeam (27) in the place ahead of pin (26), break shovel (21) is located at the front end of lift carriage (19), the lift carriage (19) at the rear of break shovel (21) is provided with shovel native plate (20), shovel native plate (20) two ends and be provided with baffle plate, the lift carriage (19) of shoveling the top of native plate (20) is provided with conveying axis (22), conveying axis (22) is provided with carries hook (23), the frame (2) at lift carriage (19) rear is provided with primary separating device, primary separating device comprises: transmission device, housing (7), bolter A (9), the hack conveying plant, the hack conveying plant is located at the top of bolter A (9), comprise transmission device, hack is carried rake (5), chain (6), hack is carried rake axle (25), hack carry rake axle (25) be located at chain (6) upper and and chain (6) combine as a whole, housing (7) rear is provided with outlet (8), the below of bolter A (9) is provided with flat buccal funnel (17), flat buccal funnel (17) below is provided with negative-pressure air duct (18), positive pressure ventilation pipe (13) and deflector (14), deflector (14) is located at the below of positive pressure ventilation pipe (13), described deflector is the arch that middle high both sides are the inclined-plane, the inclined-plane, both sides all stretches out outside the frame of both sides, the primary separating device below is provided with fruit seedling separator (4), fruit seedling separator (4) comprises: transmission device, declutch shaft (16), pluck fruit framework (10), plucking fruit framework (10) is fixed on declutch shaft (16) and goes up and be helical arrangement, fruit seedling separator (4) front end is provided with negative-pressure air duct (18), fruit seedling separator (4) bottom is provided with bolter D (9-3), bolter C (9-2), bolter B (9-1), bolter C (9-2) and bolter B (9-1) front end are provided with negative-pressure air duct (18), bolter C (9-2) is low early and high after, bolter B(9-1) low after front height, bolter B(9-1) and bolter C (9-2) top be respectively equipped with beating device (15), bolter C (9-2) below is provided with deflector B (14-1), deflector B (14-1) is parallel with bolter C (9-2), and the arch that is the inclined-plane for middle high both sides, the inclined-plane, both sides all stretches out outside the frame of both sides, bolter B (9-1) tail end is provided with negative-pressure air duct (18), and be provided with and heavy straight " Z " the type elevator B (3-1) of unit direction of advance, hitch frame (1) is located at the front end of frame (2) and is connected with frame (2).

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