CN215530015U

CN215530015U - Dry harvester

Info

Publication number: CN215530015U
Application number: CN202121613694.8U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴鸿飞
Original assignee: Yiyang Dalongchang Machine Manufacturing Co ltd
Current assignee: Yiyang Dalongchang Machine Manufacturing Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-07-15
Filing date: 2021-07-15
Publication date: 2022-01-18
Anticipated expiration: 2031-07-15

Abstract

The utility model discloses a dry harvester which comprises a frame and a travelling mechanism, wherein the travelling mechanism is arranged on the frame and lifts the ground clearance of the frame to form a bottom arrangement space, a bucket device used for shoveling and collecting materials in a preset underground layer section in the advancing process is arranged at the advancing end of the frame, a sorting and conveying mechanism used for multi-stage screening and conveying of the harvested materials is arranged below the frame and positioned in the middle area of the travelling mechanism, and a material output end of the bucket device is connected to a material input end of the sorting and conveying mechanism. The situation that fruits which are not harvested on the two sides of the bucket device are rolled over by the travelling mechanism can be avoided. Can be suitable for fields of various sizes and has wide application range. The method is suitable for harvesting fruit and vegetable crops which can not be rolled in the field; can be suitable for harvesting water chestnut, fruits and vegetables such as garlic, medicinal herbs such as ligusticum wallichii and the like, and crops with similar characteristics and characteristics.

Description

Dry harvester

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of dry-type harvesting equipment for non-pressure-resistant fruits such as water chestnuts and the like, in particular to a dry-type harvester.

Background

Water chestnut, also called chufa, is one of the characteristic vegetables in China, is usually eaten by underground expanded corms, is oval, and has the diameter of 15-50 mm. The planting of water chestnut is distributed in China, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui provinces and other provinces, and is distributed in southeast Asia regions.

According to statistics, the planting area of domestic water chestnuts is about 60-70 ten thousand mu, the water chestnuts are generally planted after early rice is harvested, the water chestnuts are harvested from ten-month old to the early rice in the next year, the field acres planted by the water chestnuts are different in size, are small to several minutes and are as large as four or fifty mu. The water chestnut grows in a centralized and flat mode on a plough layer and a position close to a non-plough layer of the field soil, and the total thickness of the water chestnut does not exceed 100mm generally.

The skin of the horseshoe is very fragile, so the force for machine screening is moderate, otherwise the skin is easy to break, and the horseshoe cannot be stored for a long time; the field soil for planting the water chestnut cannot be rolled even if being dried in the sun (the rolling of a rubber track tractor cannot be carried out), otherwise, the water chestnut can be damaged internally, and the storage time cannot exceed one month; the water chestnut washed by the high-pressure water gun can be stored for about one month; and the water chestnut which is harvested in a dry mode and is not rolled can be stored for 4-5 months. In addition, the longer the storage time of the edible water chestnut is, the higher the sweetness is, and the higher the selling price is.

For the harvest of the horseshoe, no complete set of harvesting machines exist at present, and almost all the horseshoe is harvested by a manual or semi-manual mode. The harvesting mode is divided into two types: wet harvesting: manually or mechanically washing with a high-pressure water gun, wherein the water chestnut floats out of the water surface in muddy water, and then is fished out by a net bag manually or mechanically; dry harvesting: before harvesting, dry water is discharged; cutting off the seedlings and leaves above the ground, drying the soil to crack by the sun, manually turning the soil open, and manually picking up the soil.

The cost for manually harvesting the water chestnut is high, and the harvesting cost per mu of field is not less than 3000 yuan; the harvest is not thorough, and the waste is at least 10%; moreover, the harvest of the water chestnut is in winter, and the weather is cold, so that the difficulty of manual harvest is increased.

Therefore, a fully-mechanized dry type horseshoe harvesting mode is urgently needed to be found, the harvesting efficiency is greatly improved, the cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the horseshoe cannot be rolled in the harvesting process, so that the storage time and the economic value of the horseshoe are improved, and the user needs are met.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model provides a dry harvester, which aims to solve the technical problems of high harvesting difficulty and high cost of the existing horseshoe harvesting by manpower.

The utility model provides a dry harvester which comprises a frame and a travelling mechanism, wherein the travelling mechanism is arranged on the frame and lifts the ground clearance of the frame to form a bottom arrangement space, a bucket device used for shoveling and collecting materials in a preset underground layer section in the advancing process is arranged at the advancing end of the frame, a sorting and conveying mechanism used for multi-stage screening and conveying of the harvested materials is arranged below the frame and positioned in the middle area of the travelling mechanism, and a material output end of the bucket device is connected to a material input end of the sorting and conveying mechanism.

Furthermore, the traveling mechanism adopts a triangular crawler traveling mechanism, the triangular crawler traveling mechanism comprises a driving wheel, a front guide wheel and a rear guide wheel, the driving wheel, the front guide wheel and the rear guide wheel are arranged in a triangular shape, and a crawler is wound outside the driving wheel, the front guide wheel and the rear guide wheel; a supporting beam frame and a thrust wheel arranged on the supporting beam frame are arranged between the front guide wheel and the rear guide wheel; the power output end of the power system is connected to the driving wheel.

Further, the bucket device comprises a bucket shell bracket which is arranged on the advancing end of the dry harvester for structural support, an anti-sinking assembly which is arranged on the advancing end of the bucket shell bracket and is used for rolling and jointing with the surface of the field in the advancing process so as to avoid sinking into the field, a soil crushing mechanism which is arranged on the bucket shell bracket and is used for crushing the surface layer of the field in the advancing process, and a shoveling and collecting mechanism which is arranged on the bucket shell bracket and is used for shoveling and collecting materials in a preset section of the underground in the advancing process; the horizontal arrangement position of the anti-sinking component is matched with the surface position of the field; the soil crushing mechanism is positioned behind the anti-sinking assembly, and the horizontal arrangement position of the soil crushing mechanism is matched with the surface layer position of the field soil and is positioned above the layer section where the fruit is positioned; the shoveling and collecting mechanism is positioned behind the soil crushing mechanism, and the horizontal arrangement position of the shoveling and collecting mechanism is matched with the lowest position of the underground preset layer section.

The scraper bucket device further comprises a first auger which is arranged in the scraper bucket shell support and used for collecting materials shoveled and collected by the shoveling and collecting mechanism towards the middle and conveying the materials to the sorting and conveying mechanism, the first auger comprises a first rotating shaft, a first left pushing blade and a first right pushing blade, the first rotating shaft is rotatably connected in the scraper bucket shell support along the width direction of the scraper bucket shell support, the first left pushing blade and the first right pushing blade are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the first rotating shaft, the first left pushing blade and the first right pushing blade are spirally arranged, the rotating direction of the first left pushing blade and the rotating direction of the first right pushing blade are reversely arranged, and the material input end of the sorting and conveying mechanism is positioned below the first rotating shaft and in an area between the first left pushing blade and the first right pushing blade; the first left pushing blade and the first right pushing blade are driven to synchronously rotate through the rotation of the first rotating shaft, and then materials on two sides of the inner cavity of the bucket shell support are simultaneously gathered towards the middle and fall on the sorting and conveying mechanism.

Further, select separately conveying mechanism including be used for through vibration and the mode of throwing backward send carry out first level screening and carry preceding shale shaker, be located the material output end of preceding shale shaker and be used for receiving the material of throwing and send and through the broken fruit surface earth of roll extrusion and carry out the transport screening plant of second grade screening and be located the back shale shaker that is used for carrying out the multilayer vibration screening with the realization third grade screening to the material of carrying the material output end of transport screening plant.

Furthermore, a second auger is arranged below the front vibrating screen and used for stirring the soil screened and dropped by the front vibrating screen to the front lower part of the travelling mechanisms on the two sides, so that the height difference between the dry harvester and the surface of the field soil is favorably raised, and the rear mechanisms are prevented from being scraped with the surface of the field soil; the rear of the second screw conveyor is also provided with a soil retaining plate which can block and push the falling soil so that the second screw conveyor can push the soil to the front lower part of the travelling mechanisms at the two sides.

Furthermore, the front vibrating screen comprises a front screen body and a front eccentric cam rocker mechanism, the front screen body is connected to a bucket shell support of the bucket device through the front eccentric cam rocker mechanism, the front screen body is driven to move through the front eccentric cam rocker mechanism, so that acting force combining up-and-down vibration and front-and-back swing of materials on the surface of the front screen body is formed, the included angle between the front screen body and the horizontal plane is 10-30 degrees, and the material output ends of the front screen body are obliquely arranged upwards; and/or the conveying and screening device comprises a conveying chain, a chain driving shaft, a chain driven shaft, a compression roller mechanism and a chain power device, wherein the conveying chain is wound on the chain driving shaft and the chain driven shaft, the conveying chain adopts a chain sheet mesh belt structure, the power output end of the chain power device is connected to the chain driving shaft, and the compression roller mechanism is positioned above the upper-layer conveying chain; the aperture of a chain sheet mesh belt of the conveying chain is smaller than the minimum radial dimension of the fruit, and the distance between the compression roller mechanism and the upper layer conveying chain is larger than the maximum radial dimension of the fruit; and/or the rear vibrating screen comprises a rear screen assembly and a rear eccentric cam rocker mechanism, the rear screen assembly is connected to the frame through the rear eccentric cam rocker mechanism, the rear eccentric cam rocker mechanism drives the rear screen assembly to act, and then acting force combining up-and-down vibration and front-and-back swing of materials on the surface of the rear screen assembly is formed, so that the materials are gradually thrown backwards; the rear screen assembly comprises an upper screen and a lower screen, the upper screen and the lower screen are arranged up and down correspondingly, the aperture of the upper screen is larger than the maximum radial size of the horseshoe, and the aperture of the lower screen is smaller than the minimum radial size of the horseshoe; the material input end of the upper-layer screen mesh is connected with the material output end of the conveying and screening device, and the material output end of the upper-layer screen mesh extends out of the frame and is arranged.

Furthermore, a transverse conveying belt device, a material lifting mechanism and a material box are sequentially arranged at the material output end of the sorting and conveying mechanism, and the transverse conveying belt device is arranged along the horizontal and vertical direction of the sorting and conveying mechanism; the materials output by the sorting and conveying mechanism are conveyed to the material lifting mechanism through the transverse conveying belt device and lifted into the material box by the material lifting mechanism, and a discharging mechanism for discharging fruit crops is arranged at the bottom of the material box; the power transmission is carried out between the transverse conveying belt device and the material lifting mechanism through an angle driver, and the transverse conveying belt device and the material lifting mechanism are driven by a hydraulic motor or an electric motor.

Furthermore, the dry harvester also comprises a power system arranged on the frame, and the power output end of the power system is respectively connected to the travelling mechanism, the bucket device and the sorting and conveying mechanism so as to respectively provide power for the travelling mechanism, the bucket device and the sorting and conveying mechanism; the power system comprises an axle box assembly, a high-low gear auxiliary box and a continuously variable transmission; the high-low gear auxiliary box is arranged between the continuously variable transmission and the axle box assembly, and two high and low gears are increased through the high-low gear auxiliary box, so that the total transmission ratio of the power system is further enlarged, and the low-speed running and the normal running in a transition running state of the dry harvester in a working state are ensured.

Furthermore, the dry harvester also comprises a power system arranged on the frame; the power system comprises an engine, a transmission shaft, a flow dividing box, a continuously variable transmission and a power output device; the engine is connected with and drives the transmission shaft, the power output end of the transmission shaft is connected with the power input shaft of the flow dividing box, and the flow dividing box is provided with a plurality of power output shafts; a first power output shaft in the shunt box is connected with the continuously variable transmission; and a second power output shaft in the flow dividing box is connected with a power output device, and the other part of power is transmitted to the bucket device and the sorting and conveying mechanism through the power output device.

The utility model has the following beneficial effects:

according to the dry type harvester, the ground clearance of the frame is furthest improved through the travelling mechanism, a sufficient layout space is reserved between the lower part of the frame and the travelling mechanism, the sorting and conveying mechanism can be arranged in the space, the overall length of the dry type harvester is furthest shortened, the short and exquisite design of the dry type harvester is facilitated, the dry type harvester can be suitable for fields of various sizes and shapes, and the application range is wide.

According to the dry harvester, the bucket device is arranged at the advancing end of the dry harvester, fruits in a field are harvested firstly, and then the travelling mechanism is allowed to travel through, so that the dry harvester is prevented from rolling the unharvested fruits in the travelling process. Optionally, the width of the bucket device is greater than or equal to the width of the travelling mechanism, so that the harvesting range of the bucket device on the field soil is greater than or equal to the travelling and rolling range of the travelling mechanism, and the situation that fruits which are not harvested on two sides of the bucket device are rolled by the travelling mechanism is avoided, and further the situation that the dry type harvester rolls the fruits which are not harvested in the travelling process is avoided. The method is suitable for harvesting fruit and vegetable crops which can not be rolled in the field; can be suitable for harvesting water chestnut, fruits and vegetables such as garlic, medicinal herbs such as ligusticum wallichii and the like, and crops with similar characteristics and characteristics.

The bucket device of the dry harvester is arranged in the bucket shell support and used for collecting materials shoveled and collected by the shoveling and collecting mechanism towards the middle and conveying the materials to the sorting and conveying mechanism, so that the conveying channels of the materials from front to back are ensured to be on the same straight line, the width is basically the same, the conveying of the materials is smooth and natural, and the screened soil is directly discharged to the field. Thereby simplifying the structure of the sorting and conveying mechanism.

In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the utility model and, together with the description, serve to explain the utility model and not to limit the utility model. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a dry harvester according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the auger type soil gathering and raking of the dry harvester according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the primary screen structure of the dry harvester of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Illustration of the drawings:

1. a frame; 2. a triangular crawler belt traveling mechanism; 201. a drive wheel; 202. a front guide wheel; 203. a rear guide wheel; 204. a crawler belt; 205. a support beam frame; 206. a thrust wheel; 3. a power system; 4. a bucket arrangement; 401. a bucket housing bracket; 402. an anti-sink assembly; 403. a soil crushing mechanism; 404. a shoveling and collecting mechanism; 405. a first auger; 4051. a first rotating shaft; 4052. a first left push blade; 4053. a first right push blade; 5. a sorting and conveying mechanism; 501. a front vibrating screen; 502. a conveying and screening device; 503. A rear vibrating screen; 504. a second auger; 505. a soil guard plate; 6. a bridge box assembly; 7. a high-low gear auxiliary box; 8. a continuously variable transmission; 12. a transverse conveyor belt device; 13. a material lifting mechanism; 14. a material box; 15. an angle driver.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the utility model can be embodied in many different forms, which are defined and covered by the following description.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a dry harvester according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the auger type soil gathering and raking of the dry harvester according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention; fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the primary screen structure of the dry harvester of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the dry harvester of the present embodiment includes a frame 1 and a traveling mechanism, the traveling mechanism is installed on the frame 1 and lifts the height of the frame 1 from the ground to form a bottom layout space, a bucket device 4 for scooping up materials in a predetermined underground layer section during the forward process is disposed at the forward end of the frame 1, a sorting and conveying mechanism 5 for multi-stage sorting and conveying the harvested materials is disposed below the frame 1, and a material output end of the bucket device 4 is connected to a material input end of the sorting and conveying mechanism 5. According to the dry harvester, the ground clearance of the frame 1 is improved to the maximum extent through the travelling mechanism, a sufficient layout space is reserved between the lower part of the frame 1 and the travelling mechanism, and the sorting and conveying mechanism 5 can be arranged in the space, so that the overall length of the dry harvester is shortened to the maximum extent, the short and exquisite design of the dry harvester is facilitated, the dry harvester can be suitable for fields of various sizes and shapes, and the application range is wide. The horizontal height of the sorting and conveying mechanism 5 can be reduced, the lower direct contact surface of the sorting and conveying mechanism can be enabled to face the field, soil screened by the sorting and conveying mechanism 5 can be directly discharged back to the field, and additional structural components are not needed (for example, a special soil collecting structure, a soil storing or discharging structure and a lifting mechanism for conveying materials upwards are needed for the screened soil, and the screening components are more complicated due to the fact that the soil cannot be directly discharged); meanwhile, the conveying difficulty can be reduced due to the reduction of the horizontal height of the sorting and conveying mechanism 5, so that conveying and screening can be synchronously carried out, the shortening of the conveying and screening strokes is facilitated, the structure of the sorting and conveying mechanism 5 can be simplified, and the power required by the corresponding part is also reduced due to the fact that a large lifting process and the redundant part are not available, so that the integral dead weight of the dry harvester can be reduced, and the miniaturization design of the dry harvester is facilitated. The bucket device 4 is arranged at the advancing end of the dry harvester to harvest fruits in the field, and then the travelling mechanism is allowed to travel through, so that the dry harvester is prevented from rolling the unharvested fruits in the travelling process. Optionally, the width of the bucket device 4 is greater than or equal to the width of the traveling mechanism, so that the harvesting range of the bucket device 4 to the field soil is greater than or equal to the traveling rolling range of the traveling mechanism, and the non-harvested fruits on two sides of the bucket device 4 are prevented from being rolled by the traveling mechanism, and further, the non-harvested fruits are prevented from being rolled in the traveling process of the dry harvester. The method is suitable for harvesting fruit and vegetable crops which can not be rolled in the field; can be suitable for harvesting water chestnut, fruits and vegetables such as garlic, medicinal herbs such as ligusticum wallichii and the like, and crops with similar characteristics and characteristics. The bucket device 4 of the dry harvester is arranged in the bucket shell support 401 and used for collecting materials shoveled and collected by the shoveling and collecting mechanism 404 towards the middle and conveying the materials to the sorting and conveying mechanism 5 through the first screw conveyor 405, so that the conveying channels of the materials from front to back are ensured to be on the same straight line, the widths of the conveying channels are basically the same, the conveying of the materials is smooth and natural, and the screened soil is directly discharged to the field. Thereby simplifying the structure of the sorting and conveying mechanism 5.

As shown in fig. 1, the dry harvester of this embodiment includes a frame 1, a triangular crawler 2 and a power system 3, the triangular crawler 2 and the power system 3 are installed on the frame 1, a bucket device 4 for scooping up materials in a predetermined underground interval during the forward process is arranged at the forward end of the frame 1, a sorting and conveying mechanism 5 for multi-stage sorting and conveying of the harvested materials is arranged in the middle area of the triangular crawler 2, the sorting and conveying mechanism 5 is arranged below the frame 1, the width of the bucket device 4 is greater than or equal to the width of the triangular crawler 2, the material output end of the bucket device 4 is connected to the material input end of the sorting and conveying mechanism 5, the power output end of the power system 3 is respectively connected to the triangular crawler 2, the bucket device 4 and the sorting and conveying mechanism 5, to respectively power the triangular crawler 2, the bucket device 4 and the sorting conveyor 5. The dry type harvester adopts the triangular crawler belt walking mechanism 2, the height above the ground of the frame 1 and the power system 3 arranged on the frame 1 is increased to the maximum extent by lengthening the length of the crawler belt 204, so that a sufficient arrangement space is reserved between the lower part of the frame 1 and the triangular crawler belt walking mechanism 2, the sorting and conveying mechanism 5 can be arranged in the space, the overall length of the dry type harvester is shortened to the maximum extent, the short and exquisite design of the dry type harvester is facilitated, the dry type harvester can be suitable for fields of various sizes and shapes, and the application range is wide. According to the dry harvester, the bucket device 4 is arranged at the advancing end of the dry harvester to harvest fruits in a field, the triangular crawler traveling mechanism 2 is made to walk through, and meanwhile, the width of the bucket device 4 is larger than or equal to that of the triangular crawler traveling mechanism 2, so that the harvesting range of the bucket device 4 in the field soil is larger than or equal to that of the triangular crawler traveling mechanism 2 in a traveling and rolling mode, and further the dry harvester is prevented from rolling the unharvested fruits in the traveling process. The method is suitable for harvesting fruit and vegetable crops which can not be rolled in the field; can be suitable for harvesting water chestnut, fruits and vegetables such as garlic, medicinal herbs such as ligusticum wallichii and the like, and crops with similar characteristics and characteristics. The bucket device 4 of the dry harvester is arranged in the bucket shell support and used for collecting materials shoveled and collected by the shoveling and collecting mechanism 404 towards the middle and conveying the materials to the sorting and conveying mechanism 5 through the first screw conveyor 405, so that the conveying channels of the materials from front to back are ensured to be on the same straight line, the widths of the conveying channels are basically the same, the conveying of the materials is smooth and natural, and the screened soil is directly discharged to the field. Thereby simplifying the structure of the sorting and conveying mechanism 5.

As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the bucket assembly 4 includes a bucket housing bracket 401 for structural support disposed on the forward end of the dry harvester, an anti-sink assembly 402 disposed on the forward end of the bucket housing bracket 401 for rolling engagement with the surface of the field during forward travel to avoid sinking into the field, a soil breaking mechanism 403 disposed on the bucket housing bracket 401 for breaking up the surface layer of the field during forward travel, and a shoveling mechanism 404 disposed on the bucket housing bracket 401 for shoveling material in a predetermined interval of the underground harvester during forward travel; the horizontal lay position of the anti-settling assembly 402 matches the field surface position. A soil breaking mechanism 403 is located behind the anti-settling assembly 402. The horizontal arrangement position of the soil crushing mechanism 403 is matched with the surface layer position of the field and is above the layer section where the fruit is positioned. The shoveling and collecting mechanism 404 is positioned behind the soil crushing mechanism 403, and the horizontal arrangement position of the shoveling and collecting mechanism 404 is matched with the lowest position of the underground preset layer section. The bucket device 4 is arranged at the advancing end of the dry harvester, when the dry harvester moves forwards, the bucket device 4 is in contact with the layer section where the fruit in the field is located at the first time and harvests the fruit, so that the fruit cannot be rolled by the triangular crawler belt travelling mechanism 2 of the dry harvester before harvesting, and the quality of the fruit during harvesting is ensured; preferably, the width dimension of the bucket assembly 4 is the largest width dimension of the entire dry harvester to ensure that the fruit in the field is crushed by the travelling parts of the dry harvester after it has been fully harvested, thereby ensuring that harvested and unharvested fruit is not crushed. In the whole harvesting process, operation is carried out in a field with a surface layer dried in the sun after water pumping and draining, the surface of the field has certain hardness, meanwhile, a tillage layer of an inner soil layer still has certain humidity, and a relatively hard surface layer of the field needs to be broken during harvesting, so that the whole tillage layer is harvested and screened as completely as possible, the harvesting rate of fruits is improved, the bucket device 4 is provided with the anti-sinking assembly 402 at the foremost end of the bucket device 4, so that the foremost end of the bucket device 4 is always kept in contact with the surface of the soil layer of the field in the advancing process of the whole bucket device 4, the rear shoveling and collecting mechanism 404 is ensured to stably harvest the whole tillage layer grown in a centralized and flat mode on the whole horse hoof, downward deviation is not easy to generate, and the harvesting rate of the fruits is further ensured through subsequent screening operation after the whole layer is harvested; dipper device 4 is at the in-process that advances, earlier ensure the surface contact of dipper device 4 and field soil layer through the bearing effect of anti subassembly 402 that sinks, then carry out the hack operation through hack mechanism 403 to the field soil top layer of process, in order to break open relatively hard field soil top layer, and then do benefit to the whole layer of shovel receipts mechanism 404 and receive the results, the clod piece that will become simultaneously is broken, in order to do benefit to subsequent screening operation, carry out the whole results in predetermined layer section underground through shovel receipts mechanism 404 at last, and then reduce the fruit of leaving over in the field, the harvest rate is improved. The area range between the anti-settling component 402 and the shoveling and collecting mechanism 404 is the area range of the whole layer of harvesting, and the area range can be adjusted according to the depths of different types of fruits; the soil crushing mechanism 403 is designed to crush hard soil on the surface layer, and can adjust the vertical distance relative to the anti-sinking component 402 according to the depths of different types of fruits, so as to control the soil crushing mechanism to crush the surface layer of the field soil without touching the fruits, thereby ensuring the fruits to be intact in the harvesting process. The bucket device 4 adopts a dry harvesting mode to harvest the whole layer of the layer section to which the fruit belongs, and the harvesting rate of the fruit is high; whole results process is, earlier harvests the interval that the fruit was located, then rolls through dry harvester again, and whole results process can not form to the fruit completely and rolls destruction, ensures the integrality of fruit, and the water chestnut after the results can be deposited for 4-5 months, even more for a long time for the water chestnut after the results can be through long-time deposit, and then makes the sweetness of water chestnut higher, improves edible taste and sells the price, improves economic value. Alternatively, the height difference between the anti-settling assembly 402, the scooping mechanism 404, and the soil breaking mechanism 403 can be adjusted by adding or subtracting adjustment pads when assembled to the bucket housing bracket 401.

As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the anti-settling component 402 employs a carrier roller. The two sides of the bucket shell support 401 extend along the advancing direction of the bucket shell support 401 to form support arms, the overhanging ends of the support arms are arranged in a downward inclined mode, and the carrier rollers are located between the two support arms and are rotatably connected to the overhanging ends of the support arms. The bearing roller rotationally assembles the end that advances at scraper bowl casing support 401, ensures that the end that advances of digging deep hack regulation and control system floats on the surface in field all the time to dig deep hack regulation and control system front end dead weight is little, and through the rolling contact of bearing roller and field surface, the effort time of acting on the field surface is short and the effort is spread all around, and is little to the effort in field, and the fruit injury on the plough layer in the field is littleer, can ignore. Optionally, the idler is a smooth roller.

As shown in FIG. 1, in the present embodiment, the overhanging end of the supporting arm is arranged obliquely downwards and is provided with an inflatable cushion; or the front edge of the bucket shell support 401 extends along the advancing direction of the bucket shell support 401 to form a support front edge, and the overhanging end of the support front edge is arranged in a downward inclined mode and provided with an inflatable cushion. The movable type deep soil digging regulation and control system can be used in a relatively humid environment of the surface layer of the field, and the movable type deep soil digging regulation and control system can slide on the humid surface of the field through the inflatable cushion so as to ensure that the advancing end of the deep soil digging regulation and control system always floats on the surface of the field. And dig dark hack regulation and control system front end dead weight little, through inflatable packer and the sliding contact on field surface, the effort time of acting on field surface is short and the effort is to diffusion all around, and is little to the effort in field, and the fruit injury on the plough layer in the field is littleer, can ignore. Alternatively, the inflatable cushion may be horizontally rotatably attached to the bucket housing bracket 401.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the support arm is a straight arm or a bent arm bent downward. The support arm and bucket housing bracket 401 are an integrally formed, unitary structure. Optionally, an adjusting pad is installed below the supporting arm, and the position of the end supporting roller of the supporting arm can be adjusted according to parameters such as the field environment, the fruit crop type, the characteristic requirement, the underground layer position where the supporting arm is located, and the like, so as to control the relative vertical height (height difference) between the supporting arm and the soil breaking mechanism 403 and/or the shoveling and collecting mechanism 404, and thus match the parameters such as the field environment, the fruit crop type, the characteristic requirement, the underground layer position where the supporting arm is located, and the like. Optionally, the support arm is adjustably connected and fixed to the bucket housing bracket 401, and the axial length or orientation of the support arm can be adjusted according to parameters such as the field environment, the fruit crop type, the characteristic requirements, and the underground layer section position, so as to adjust the position of the end carrier roller, the inflatable cushion, and the like of the support arm, and further control the relative vertical height dimension between the soil crushing mechanism 403 and/or the shoveling and collecting mechanism 404, so as to match the parameters such as the field environment, the fruit crop type, the characteristic requirements, and the underground layer section position. Alternatively, the support arm is pivotally attached to the bucket housing bracket 401. The specific adjustment mode can adopt: the telescopic arm is matched with the positioning bolt to realize axial length adjustment; or one end is hinged, and the other end is matched and connected through different hole sites, so that the up-and-down rotation adjustment is realized; or the sliding rail or the sliding chute is integrally arranged on the sliding rail or the sliding chute, and is fixed through a positioning pin or a positioning bolt after sliding adjustment, so that adjustment is realized, and the sliding rail or the sliding chute can be of a linear structure for axial position adjustment and can also be of an arc shape for vertical rotation adjustment; alternatively, other axial length adjustment or wobble adjustment methods known in the art may be used. Optionally, the idler adopts smooth roller, and the influence on the field surface is little, and is difficult for sinking in the field. Alternatively, only the vertical height dimension (height difference) can be changed between the support arm and the carrier roller and the transverse-axis spinner head.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the soil breaking mechanism 403 is a horizontal rotary tillage head, which includes a rotary tillage shaft rotatably connected to the bucket housing frame 401 and connected to a driving device, and rotary tillage blades arranged on the rotary tillage shaft. The rotating speed of the horizontal shaft type rotary tillage head can be controlled through the driving device, and the surface hardness of different fields and the harvesting requirements of fruits can be further matched. Alternatively, the rotary tillage shaft is rotatably connected to the bucket housing bracket 401 by providing an adjustment pad to adjust the position of the rotary tillage shaft, thereby changing the vertical height position of the horizontal shaft type rotary tillage head. Specifically, the rotary tillage shaft is rotatably connected to the bucket housing bracket 401 through a bearing block, and the vertical height position of the bearing block is adjusted through an adjusting pad.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a plurality of rotary blades are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction and/or the axial direction of the rotary tillage shaft. The tool bit bending direction of rotary tillage blade is the same or different to the realization carries out the crushing of all-round, multi-angle to the field soil top layer, reduces the radial size of clod, avoids the big clod to be reaped and leads to follow-up screening separation to be difficult to go on. The rotary tillage blade adopts at least one of a triple-bladed knife, a dry land curved knife, a coulter, a wet land curved knife, a water tillage knife and a hexagonal rotary knife, and can be selected as required to adapt to the parameter requirements of different field environments, fruit crop categories, characteristic requirements, the underground layer segment positions and the like.

As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the shovel mechanism 404 is a push shovel, and the advancing end of the push shovel is provided with a plurality of bucket teeth, and the bucket teeth are arranged at intervals along the extending direction of the edge of the push shovel.

In this embodiment, at least one surface of the blade is provided with the reinforcing ribs for enhancing the surface strength of the blade, and the plurality of reinforcing ribs are arranged at intervals along at least one of the longitudinal direction, the transverse direction and the oblique direction. Optionally, the blade has a thickness dimension that decreases from the rear end to the front end. When the arrangement direction of the reinforcing ribs is arranged along the advancing direction, a certain guiding effect can be formed, and the push shovel operation is facilitated.

As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the bucket housing bracket 401 includes an upper top plate and side plates, and the upper top plate, the side plates, and the scooping mechanism 404 enclose to form a scooping feeding channel. The whole soil layer harvested by the shoveling and collecting mechanism 404 can be assisted to enter the rear part for further screening operation, and the problem that the harvested materials move around and fall out of the digging depth soil crushing regulation and control system to reduce the harvesting rate is solved.

As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the bucket housing bracket 401 has reinforcing ribs on the inner surface and/or the outer surface thereof for enhancing the surface strength, and a plurality of the reinforcing ribs are arranged at intervals in at least one of the longitudinal direction, the transverse direction, and the oblique direction. Optionally, a support plate or a support rod for supporting the bucket housing 401 is provided outside the bucket housing 401. By appropriately reinforcing and supporting the inner and outer surfaces of the bucket housing bracket 401, the structural stability of the bucket housing bracket 401 is improved, and stable harvesting of the fruit is achieved.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, in this embodiment, the bucket device 4 further includes a first auger 405 disposed in the bucket housing bracket 401 and used for collecting the materials scooped by the scooping mechanism 404 to the middle and conveying the materials to the sorting and conveying mechanism 5, the first auger 405 includes a first rotating shaft 4051, a first left pushing blade 4052 and a first right pushing blade 4053, the first rotating shaft 4051 is rotatably connected in the bucket housing bracket 401 along the width direction of the bucket housing bracket 401, the first left pushing blade 4052 and the first right pushing blade 4053 are respectively disposed at the left end and the right end of the first rotating shaft 4051, the first left pushing blade 4052 and the first right pushing blade 4053 are both spirally disposed, the rotating direction of the first left pushing blade 4052 and the rotating direction of the first right pushing blade 4053 are arranged in opposite directions, and the material input end of the sorting and conveying mechanism 5 is positioned below the first rotating shaft 4051 and in the area between the first left pushing blade 4052 and the first right pushing blade 4053; rotate through first pivot 4051 and drive first left push blade 4052 and first right push blade 4053 synchronous rotation, and then hold together the material of scraper bowl casing support 401 inner chamber both sides to the centre simultaneously and receive and fall on sorting conveying mechanism 5. Through the whole layer soil layer that direct results fruit in bucket device 4 follow field is located, the material gets into and moves through first screw feeder 405 behind the bucket device 4 to get into the material in the bucket device 4 and hold together to the centre and receive and make the material that holds together after receiving drop in preceding shale shaker 501, carry out the prescreening through preceding shale shaker 501, the earth that the prescreening came out drops downwards, the material residual is carried to the rear through preceding shale shaker 501. In the process of advancing the dry harvester, the soil dropped by the front vibrating screen 501 is pushed to the front of the travelling mechanism through the second auger 504, so that the ground clearance of the whole dry harvester is improved, and the height space is further increased for the design and arrangement of subsequent screening and conveying parts. Bucket device 4 is from directly gathering together through first screw feeder 405 and receive and sieve the transport backward after the whole layer soil layer that fruit is located in the field to reduce backward transfer passage's whole width to the space of follow-up screening transport is laid, facilitates for the structural design of follow-up screening transport block. First left push blade 4052 and first right push blade 4053 all are the heliciform and lay, and the turning of first left push blade 4052 and the turning of first right push blade 4053 are reverse and lay, and then when realizing that first pivot 4051 rotates, first left push blade 4052 and first right push blade 4053 are the motion state of spiral to the middle part propelling movement simultaneously. The feed end of the front shaker 501 is below the first rotating shaft 4051 and in the area between the first left push blade 4052 and the first right push blade 4053. The first rotating shaft 4051 rotates to drive the first left pushing blade 4052 and the first right pushing blade 4053 to rotate synchronously, so that the materials on two sides of the inner cavity of the bucket device 4 are gathered towards the middle and fall on the front vibrating screen 501.

The dry harvester adopts the triangular crawler belt travelling mechanism 2, the ground clearance of the frame 1 and the power system 3 arranged on the frame 1 is improved to the maximum extent by lengthening the length of the crawler belt 204, meanwhile, the second screw conveyors 504 for pushing the soil screened and dropped by the front vibrating screen 501 to the front lower portions of the crawler belts 204 at the two sides of the dry harvester are arranged below the front vibrating screen 501, the height difference between the dry harvester and the surface of the field soil is raised, and the two spaces reserve enough arrangement space between the lower portion of the frame 1 and the triangular crawler belt travelling mechanism 2, so that the sorting and conveying mechanism 5 can be arranged in the space, the overall length of the dry harvester is shortened to the maximum extent, the dry harvester is favorable for the short and small and bold design, and the dry harvester can be suitable for fields of various sizes and shapes, and has wide application range.

As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the bucket housing bracket 401 is hinged to the frame 1, and a hydraulic cylinder is further disposed between the bucket housing bracket 401 and the frame 1, and the bucket housing bracket 401 is driven by the hydraulic cylinder to rotate around a hinge shaft on the frame 1, so as to switch the bucket device 4 between the working state and the transition walking state. Optionally, the bucket housing bracket 401 is hinged to the frame 1 of the dry harvester, and a hydraulic cylinder is further disposed between the bucket housing bracket 401 and the frame 1, the bucket housing bracket 401 is driven to rotate relative to the frame 1 by the hydraulic cylinder, so as to lift or lower the bucket housing bracket 401, and further, the bucket device 4 is switched to an off-ground mode to facilitate transition driving of the dry harvester, and the bucket device 4 is switched to an operation mode to facilitate shoveling and collecting of fruits in a field. Optionally, the bucket housing bracket 401 of the bucket device 4 is assembled on the frame 1 of the dry harvester through a link mechanism, and a hydraulic cylinder is further disposed between the bucket housing bracket 401 or the frame 1 and the link mechanism, and the link mechanism is driven by the hydraulic cylinder to drive the bucket housing bracket 401 to rotate relative to the frame, so as to lift or lower the bucket housing bracket 401, further to switch the bucket device 4 to a ground-off mode so as to facilitate driving of the dry harvester, and to switch the bucket device 4 to an operation mode so as to facilitate harvesting of fruits in a field.

As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the sorting and conveying mechanism 5 includes a front vibrating screen 501 for performing a first-stage screening and conveying by vibrating and throwing backward, a conveying and screening device 502 at a material output end of the front vibrating screen 501 for receiving the thrown material, crushing soil on the surface of the fruit by rolling and performing a second-stage screening (conveying the material backward and upward), and a rear vibrating screen 503 at a material output end of the conveying and screening device 502 for performing multi-stage vibrating screening of the material to realize a third-stage screening. The sorting and conveying mechanism 5 is arranged in the middle area of the triangular crawler travelling mechanism 2 of the dry-type harvester, the space of the middle area of the triangular crawler travelling mechanism 2 is fully utilized, the horizontal height of the whole screening and conveying process is reduced, and the difficulty of screening and conveying is also reduced. After the materials are harvested from the whole field layer, the materials enter a front vibrating screen 501, the materials are subjected to repeated up-and-down vibration and backward throwing actions through the front vibrating screen 501, part of soil in the materials is forced to be separated from the surface of a fruit, then the soil is crushed and separated and falls below the front vibrating screen 501, the rest materials are continuously thrown backward along with the front vibrating screen 501 and are thrown onto a conveying and screening device 502, and the whole backward throwing process is circulated, the throwing distance is short, the height is low, so that the force acting on the fruit is small, the soil can be favorably separated from the surface of the fruit, and the fruit cannot be damaged; as the conveying and screening device 502 moves, the crushed soil fragments fall downward through the gap on the conveying and screening device 502, and the conveying and screening device 502 also acts on the passing materials in a rolling manner, so that the materials are further separated from the soil and fall downward from the gap on the conveying and screening device 502, and the rest materials are conveyed to the rear vibrating screen 503; the rear vibrating screen 503 adopts a multi-layer vibrating screening structure which is arranged up and down, and the fruits are screened layer by layer and fall downwards through the vibrating screening of the rear vibrating screen 503, and large blocks of soil or stones which cannot be crushed are thrown back to the field from the tail of the vehicle through the rear vibrating screen 503; the material gets into back and passes through tertiary screening and transport to adopt three kinds of screening and transport modes that are completely different, and then sieve out the fruit and concentrate and collect, the impurity percentage of inclusion in the fruit of retrieving is low. And the whole screening and conveying process adopts three stages of completely different screening and conveying modes, and the screening and conveying design length is not too long to completely separate the fruits from the impurities, so that the whole length of the dry-type harvester is further reduced, and the miniaturization design of the whole dry-type harvester is facilitated. Can be suitable for fields of various sizes and has wide application range. The method is suitable for harvesting fruit and vegetable crops which can not be rolled in the field; can be suitable for harvesting water chestnut, fruits and vegetables such as garlic, medicinal herbs such as ligusticum wallichii and the like, and crops with similar characteristics and characteristics.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the front vibrating screen 501 includes a front screen body and a front eccentric cam rocker mechanism, the front screen body is connected to the bucket housing bracket 401 through the front eccentric cam rocker mechanism, and the front screen body is driven to move through the front eccentric cam rocker mechanism, so as to form a combined acting force of up-and-down vibration and back-and-forth swing of the material on the surface of the front screen body. Alternatively, the front eccentric cam rocker arm mechanism can also be formed by combining a plurality of cams, connecting rods, hinge shafts, sliding chutes and sliding rails with one another. Because the acting force for backward throwing needs to be formed, a structure of sudden acceleration swing or sudden deceleration swing needs to be additionally arranged on the cam surface, or the sliding combination part of the connecting rod and the sliding chute, or the sliding combination part of the connecting rod and the sliding rail, or the sliding combination part of the hinge shaft and the sliding chute, or the sliding combination part of the hinge shaft and the sliding rail, so that the acting force for backward throwing the material is formed. For example, the cam surface may be provided with a section of arc with an abrupt increase or decrease in arc, or the cam surface may be provided with a corner structure, or an elastic baffle may be added to one end of the sliding groove or the sliding rail, etc.

As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, the bottom of the front screen body is formed by uniformly arranging a plurality of vertical rods along the width direction of the front vibrating screen 501 at intervals and connecting and fixing the vertical rods from the bottoms of the vertical rods through cross rods to form an integral structure, the distance between two adjacent vertical rods is smaller than the minimum radial dimension of fruits, and the vertical rods are in contact with materials and are combined with up-down vibration and back-and-forth swing to form a backward throwing acting force on the materials. The arrangement direction of the longitudinal rods is consistent with the backward throwing direction of the materials, so that the material guiding effect on the materials is formed, the materials are enabled to be thrown backward along a fixed route when the materials are subjected to vibration force to crush soil wrapping fruits, the movement resistance of backward throwing of the materials is reduced, and the materials are prevented from deviating from the preset throwing direction. The cross-bar connects the various longitudinal bars as a whole from the bottom, firstly in order to improve the structural integrity, and secondly in order to reduce the interference of the rearward throwing of the material.

As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, an included angle between the front screen body and the horizontal plane is 10 ° to 30 °, and the material output end of the front screen body is obliquely arranged upward. The front screen body is used for improving the conveying height of materials when being used for vibrating screening and backward throwing, and further contributes to the structural arrangement design of a subsequent screening and conveying mechanism. The included angle between the front screen body and the horizontal plane is 10-30 degrees, when the included angle is too small, the lifting height of material conveying is not enough, and the arrangement design of a subsequent structure is not facilitated; when the contained angle is too big, because the dead weight effect of material forms the motion state that rolls down very easily, is unfavorable for the backward transport of material, and inclination is too big simultaneously, leads to the effort requirement increase that the material was thrown backward and is sent, leads to the fruit atress too big easily and takes place the damage, and then influences the taste, the storage time etc. of fruit, influences economic value.

As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, the conveying and screening device 502 includes a conveying chain, a chain driving shaft, a chain driven shaft, a press roller mechanism, and a chain power device, the conveying chain is wound around the chain driving shaft and the chain driven shaft, and adopts a chain sheet mesh belt structure form, a power output end of the chain power device is connected to the chain driving shaft, and the press roller mechanism is located above the upper conveying chain; the aperture of the mesh belt of the chain sheet of the conveying chain is slightly smaller than the minimum radial dimension of the fruit (namely, the fruit can just not pass through the mesh belt, and soil, stones and the like which are smaller than the fruit can pass through the mesh belt), and the distance between the compression roller mechanism and the upper layer conveying chain is larger than the maximum radial dimension of the fruit. Alternatively, the roller mechanism employs a rolling connection. Optionally, the compression roller mechanism is connected with a driving device for driving the compression roller mechanism to rotate, the rotation direction of the compression roller mechanism is consistent with the movement direction of the upper layer conveying chain, and the material is enabled to continue to walk backwards while being rolled. Optionally, the two ends of the compression roller mechanism are fixedly connected through bearing seats, the bearing seats are detachably connected with the frame 1, and the distance between the compression roller mechanism and the upper-layer conveying chain is adjusted by adjusting the installation positions of the bearing seats. Alternatively, the material output ends of the transport screening devices 502 are arranged obliquely upward. The conveying and screening device 502 is used for conveying and rolling separation, and meanwhile, the conveying height of materials is improved, so that the structural arrangement design of a subsequent screening and conveying mechanism is facilitated. Optionally, the conveying chain is provided with uniformly arranged baffles to prevent the materials from rolling down due to the action of self weight.

As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, an intermediate idler and a lower idler for lifting the conveying chain are further disposed on the conveying chain.

As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, the rear vibrating screen 503 includes a rear screen assembly and a rear eccentric cam rocker mechanism, the rear screen assembly is connected to the frame 1 through the rear eccentric cam rocker mechanism, the rear eccentric cam rocker mechanism drives the rear screen assembly to move, so as to form an acting force combining up-and-down vibration and front-and-back swing of the material on the surface of the rear screen assembly, thereby realizing gradual backward throwing of the material, and the material separates the fruits from the soil under the dual acting forces of up-and-down vibration and backward throwing. The rear screen assembly comprises an upper screen and a lower screen, the upper screen and the lower screen are correspondingly arranged up and down, the aperture of the upper screen is larger than the maximum radial size of the horseshoe, and the aperture of the lower screen is smaller than the minimum radial size of the horseshoe. The material input end of the upper layer screen is connected with the material output end of the conveying and screening device 502, and the material output end of the upper layer screen extends out of the frame 1. Under the dual acting force of the up-down vibration and the backward throwing, the fruits fall downwards and fall onto the lower-layer screen, and large soil is continuously thrown backwards and discharged into the field; under the dual action of vibration and back throwing, the fruits are further separated from the soil, the fruits are left on the lower screen, and small pieces of soil falling together with the fruits and small pieces of soil separated from the fruits pass through the lower screen and fall into the field. Optionally, the length dimension of the upper screen is greater than the length dimension of the lower screen. Optionally, the upper screen and the lower screen are both horizontally arranged, or the upper screen or the lower screen is horizontally arranged. Optionally, the upper screen and/or the lower screen are arranged at an angle to the horizontal plane. Optionally, the upper and lower screens may be at the same or different angles to the horizontal.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, in this embodiment, a second auger 504 is disposed below the front vibrating screen 501 for stirring the soil, which is sieved and dropped by the front vibrating screen 501, to the front lower part of the triangular crawler traveling mechanisms 2 on both sides, so as to raise the height difference between the dry harvester and the surface of the field soil and avoid the mechanisms at the rear part from scraping the surface of the field soil; and a soil retaining plate 505 which is used for blocking and pushing down falling soil so as to facilitate the second auger 504 to pull the soil to the front lower part of the triangular crawler 2 on the two sides is arranged at the rear part of the second auger 504. In the process of advancing, the dry harvester may cause the second auger 504 to push and sieve the fallen soil because the fallen soil sieved by the front vibrating screen 501 is fine and loose, and the soil blocking plate 505 is added to block the fallen soil around the second auger 504, so that the second auger 504 pushes the fallen soil to two sides respectively, thereby solving the problem. The soil that the preceding shale shaker 501 sieved and dropped is pushed to the front lower side of the track of triangle-shaped track running gear 2 through second screw feeder 504, and then has improved the terrain clearance of dry harvester complete machine, has further increased the high space for subsequent screening, the design and the arrangement of conveying part.

As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, in this embodiment, the second auger 504 includes a second rotating shaft, a second left pushing blade and a second right pushing blade, the second left pushing blade and the second right pushing blade are uniformly arranged on the second rotating shaft in a spiral shape, and the second left pushing blade and the second right pushing blade are symmetrically arranged about the middle section of the second rotating shaft. The second left pushing blade and the second right pushing blade are respectively and uniformly distributed in the whole second rotating shaft and are symmetrically distributed in the second rotating shaft, when the second rotating shaft rotates, the second left pushing blade and the second right pushing blade are synchronously pushed outwards, and then soil falling from the screening of the front vibrating screen 501 is respectively pushed to the front lower part of the crawler 204 of the triangular crawler walking mechanism 2 towards two sides, when the crawler 204 of the triangular crawler walking mechanism 2 is pressed out, the ground clearance of the whole dry type harvester is increased.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, in the present embodiment, the first auger 405 and the second auger 504 are driven by the same driving device; or the first auger 405 and the second auger 504 are respectively connected with independent driving devices. Different driving distribution modes can be selected according to the soft and hard conditions of field soil in the field and the power demand, so that the power demand is met, and the working efficiency of harvesting is improved.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, in the present embodiment, the second auger 504 and the soil guard plate 505 are assembled on the bucket housing bracket 401 to form an integral structure, so as to ensure that the material pushing direction of the second auger 504 is perpendicular to the forward movement direction of the shoveling and receiving mechanism 404.

As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the power system 3 includes an engine, a transmission shaft, a split case, an axle case assembly 6, a high-low range sub-case 7, and a continuously variable transmission 8; the high-low gear auxiliary box 7 is arranged between the continuously variable transmission 8 and the axle box assembly 6, and the high gear and the low gear are increased through the high-low gear auxiliary box 7, so that the total transmission ratio of the power system 3 is further enlarged, and the normal running of the dry harvester in a low-speed running state and a transition running state is ensured. Alternatively, the power system 3 comprises an engine, a transmission shaft, a flow dividing box, a belt transmission system, a continuously variable transmission 8, a high-low gear auxiliary box 7, an axle box assembly 6, a driving wheel 201 and a power output device; the engine is connected with and drives the transmission shaft, the power output end of the transmission shaft is connected with the power input shaft of the flow dividing box, and the flow dividing box is provided with a plurality of power output shafts. A first power output shaft in the shunt box is connected with a continuously variable transmission 8 through a belt transmission system, the continuously variable transmission 8 is connected with a bridge box assembly 6 through a high-low gear auxiliary box 7, and half shafts of the bridge box assembly 6 are connected with driving wheels 201 on two sides so as to transmit partial power to the triangular crawler belt travelling mechanism 2; the high and low gears are increased through the high-low gear auxiliary box 7, the total transmission ratio of the power system 3 is further increased, and therefore the ultra-low speed running of the dry harvester in a working state and the normal running of the dry harvester in a transition running state are guaranteed. The second power output shaft in the flow dividing box is connected with a power output device, and the other part of power is transmitted to the bucket device 4 and the sorting and conveying mechanism 5 through the power output device. Alternatively, the power system 3 includes an engine, a clutch, a continuously variable transmission, an integrated axle box assembly, and the driving wheels 201; the engine is connected with the integrated axle box assembly through the clutch, the continuously variable transmission is fixedly connected on the integrated axle box assembly, and the half shafts of the integrated axle box assembly are connected with the driving wheels 201 on two sides so as to transmit partial power to the triangular crawler belt walking mechanism 2; the other part of power is transmitted to the bucket device 4 and the sorting and conveying mechanism 5 from the tail end through a pair of bevel gear meshing pairs in the integrated bridge box assembly; alternatively, the powertrain 3 may employ a low-speed, high-torque hydraulic vehicle drive system.

In this embodiment, a clutch is further disposed between the power input shaft of the flow dividing box and the second power output shaft. The power transmission and disconnection between the power input shaft of the flow dividing box and the second power output shaft are controlled through the clutch, so that when the dry type harvester is switched between a working state and a transition walking state, the power output or disconnection of the bucket device 4 and the sorting conveying mechanism 5 can be controlled at any time, and the interference among the triangular crawler walking mechanism 2, the bucket device 4 and the sorting conveying mechanism 5 is reduced. Specifically, when the dry harvester travels in a transition, the power output to the bucket device 4 and the sorting conveying mechanism 5 can be disconnected at any time; or when the dry type harvester is in a working state, the power system 3 respectively outputs power to the triangular crawler travelling mechanism 2, the bucket device 4 and the sorting conveying mechanism 5 so as to harvest, screen and collect fruits in the low-speed travelling process. Alternatively, the clutch may be a mechanical clutch or a hydraulic clutch. Alternatively, the clutch is a friction plate clutch.

As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, a transverse conveyor belt device 12, a material lifting mechanism 13 and a material tank 14 are sequentially arranged at the material output end of the sorting and conveying mechanism 5, and the transverse conveyor belt device 12 is arranged along the horizontal and vertical direction of the sorting and conveying mechanism 5; the materials output by the sorting and conveying mechanism 5 are conveyed to the material lifting mechanism 13 through the transverse conveying belt device 12 and lifted into the material box 14 by the material lifting mechanism 13, the blanking mechanism for blanking fruit crops is arranged at the bottom of the material box 14, and the fruits can be easily obtained by opening the blanking mechanism when the fruits need to be taken out from the dry-type harvester. The power transmission between the transverse conveyor belt device 12 and the material lifting mechanism 13 is carried out through an angle driver 15 and is driven through a hydraulic motor or an electric motor.

As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the triangular crawler belt 2 includes a driving wheel 201, a front guide wheel 202, and a rear guide wheel 203, the driving wheel 201, the front guide wheel 202, and the rear guide wheel 203 are arranged in a triangular shape, and a crawler belt 204 is wound around the driving wheel 201, the front guide wheel 202, and the rear guide wheel 203; a supporting beam frame 205 and a thrust wheel 206 arranged on the supporting beam frame 205 are arranged between the front guide wheel 202 and the rear guide wheel 203; the power output end of the power system 3 is connected to the driving wheels 201.

In practice, there is provided a dry horseshoe harvester comprising: the power head (power system 3), the bucket system (bucket device 4), the sorting and conveying mechanism 5 (front vibrating screen 501, conveying and screening device 502, rear vibrating screen 503 and material storage system (material box 14).

1. The power head (power system 3) is reconstructed on the basis of a high-horsepower rubber track tractor (the design and manufacture of the product meet various regulations and requirements of the national standard DB 43/T806-2013 light track tractor), and the main reconstruction contents comprise:

1.1, the length of the rubber crawler belt is lengthened, the height difference between the frame 1 and a power transmission system (comprising a transmission shaft assembly, a flow dividing box assembly, a belt and a tensioning mechanism, a bridge box assembly 6, a high-low gear auxiliary box 7, a continuously variable transmission 8, a rear transmission shaft assembly, a power output shaft assembly and the like) and the ground is improved to the maximum extent (the rubber crawler belt of the rubber crawler belt type tractor is arranged in an approximate triangle shape, and the height of the ground clearance of the frame is a key factor selected as a power head), so that a bucket system (a bucket device 4) can be arranged in front of the frame 1 and the power transmission system; the sorting conveyor mechanism 5, the rear vibrating screen 503, and the like can be arranged below the vehicle frame 1 and the power train. The mixture of the horseshoes and the soil is conveyed from front to back under the front lower part and the lower part of the frame 1 and the power transmission system to complete screening and separation, and finally the clean horseshoes are collected into a material box 14. Further realize that: firstly, on the premise of ensuring that the screening strength can not damage the horseshoe epidermis (the horseshoe epidermis is easier to damage than other crops), the conveying and screening strokes are long enough (the separation of the horseshoe and soil is more difficult than that of other crops); secondly, the whole machine is shortest in length, can adapt to the harvest of the water chestnut in small field pieces, and achieves the aim of basically having no dead angle.

1.2 insert a high-low gear auxiliary box 7 between buncher 8 and axle box subassembly 6, adjust the drive wheel number of teeth simultaneously, furthest enlarges the total drive ratio of complete machine traveling system, guarantees that the speed of going is enough low when dry harvester is worked, and the speed of going is enough high when the transition.

1.3, rearranging an operating platform assembly, a seat assembly and various operating mechanisms (comprising a stepless speed change operating mechanism, an axle box operating mechanism, a high-low gear operating mechanism, a steering lifting operating mechanism and the like), and reversely arranging the running part of the rubber track type tractor (namely changing the running part into the backward running part and changing the backward running part into the forward running part). Has the advantages that: the whole power transmission system of the rubber track type tractor does not need to be adjusted and modified, and particularly the power transmission mode between the power output shaft assembly and the main speed reducer assembly of the rubber track type tractor is kept unchanged, so that the rubber track type tractor is high in reliability and low in research and development risk.

1.4 the frame is only modified adaptively.

2. The bucket system (bucket device 4) includes: the device comprises a bucket assembly (a shoveling and collecting mechanism 404), a carrier roller assembly (an anti-sinking component 402), a rotary tillage head (a soil crushing mechanism 403), a front vibrating screen 501, a large auger assembly (a first auger 405), a lower auger assembly (a second auger 504), a main speed reducer assembly, a reversing speed reducer assembly, a bucket power transmission system and the like.

The bucket assembly (the shoveling and collecting mechanism 404) is arranged in front of the dry type harvester, the total width of bucket teeth is slightly larger than the outer width of the whole vehicle crawler belt, and the rubber crawler belt is ensured not to roll the field soil which is not harvested with the horseshoes (the field soil which is not harvested with the horseshoes can not be rolled, otherwise, the horseshoes can be damaged internally, so that the storage time is shortened, and even the horseshoes can not be stored).

The bucket assembly (the scooping mechanism 404) is provided with bucket teeth at its front end. The height difference among the bucket teeth, the rotary tillage heads (horizontal shaft type rotary tillage heads) and the carrier roller assemblies (carrier rollers) is adjusted by adopting a method of increasing and decreasing the adjusting pads, so that firstly, the bucket teeth are ensured to be basically tunneled at the bottom of a plough layer, and horseshoes and non-plough layers are not damaged; secondly, the rotary tillage head (horizontal shaft type rotary tillage head) is ensured to break the surface layer of the field soil, the tunneling resistance is reduced, and simultaneously the horseshoes are not damaged.

A large auger assembly (a first auger 405) is arranged in the bucket assembly (the shoveling and collecting mechanism 404) and used for gathering a mixture of the horseshoes shoveled by the bucket and soil towards the middle, so that the shoveling width of the bucket is slightly larger than the outer width of the crawler, and the width of the conveying and screening channel is slightly smaller than the inner width of the crawler.

A lower auger assembly (a second auger 504) is arranged below the rear part of the bucket assembly (the shovel receiving mechanism 404), soil screened off by the front vibrating screen 501 is stirred to the front lower part of the rubber track, the whole dry harvester is lifted when the rubber track runs over, and then the height difference between the frame 1 and the power transmission system and the ground (the ground level for tunneling the bucket teeth) is further increased, so that the arrangement of the conveying and screening device 502, the rear vibrating screen 503, the transverse conveying belt device 12, the material lifting mechanism 13 and the like right below the frame 1 and the power transmission system is facilitated.

The front vibrating screen 501 is composed of a front screen body and a front eccentric cam rocker mechanism. The bottom of the front screen body is formed by welding round steel bars which are uniformly distributed and have proper gaps; the front eccentric cam rocker mechanism drives the front screen body to vibrate up and down, swing back and forth, vibrate and break up soil blocks, screen out soil, throw the remaining soil and horseshoe mixture back, and convey the mixture to the conveying and screening device 502.

The power of the bucket system is input by a power output shaft assembly of the power head and is transmitted to each moving part through an output transmission shaft, a main reducer assembly, a reversing reducer assembly and a bucket power transmission system.

3. Conveying screening plant 502 includes parts such as conveying chain, drive shaft assembly, driven shaft assembly, transition axle assembly, middle bearing roller assembly, snub pulley assembly, compression roller assembly and conveying chain power transmission system.

All the sub-components of the conveying and screening device 502 are fixedly connected to the right lower part of the frame 1, and the mixture of the horseshoe and the soil is conveyed from the bucket assembly to the rear vibrating screen 503 from front to back; simultaneously, further screening soil; and the height of the horseshoe and soil mixture from the ground is increased, which is beneficial to the arrangement of the rear vibrating screen 503.

The compression roller assembly is installed in the top of conveying chain, adopts the difference in height between adjustment shim adjustment compression roller assembly and the conveying chain face for the big mud piece of crushing.

4. The rear vibrating screen 503 is mainly composed of a rear vibrating screen body and a rear eccentric cam rocker mechanism.

The rear vibrating screen body is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer. The upper layer screen mesh is large, and the lower layer screen mesh is small. The horseshoe and soil mixture falling from the transport screening device 502 falls first onto the upper screen. In the vibration process, horseshoes on the upper-layer screen and mud blocks with the diameter smaller than that of the horseshoes fall onto the lower-layer screen from meshes of the upper-layer screen, and further fall onto a conveying belt of the transverse conveying belt device 12 from the rear end of the whole vehicle after screening; the mud blocks on the upper screen which are larger than the diameter of the horseshoe are continuously thrown backwards and finally fall to the ground from the tail of the frame.

5. The material storage system comprises a transverse conveyor belt device 12, a material lifting mechanism 13, an angle driver 15, a material box 14 and the like.

The transverse conveying belt device 12 and the material lifting mechanism 13 are driven by a hydraulic motor; an angle driver 15 is adopted between the two to transmit power.

The material tank 14 is provided with a horseshoe drop opening.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dry harvester, which comprises a frame (1) and a traveling mechanism,

the traveling mechanism is arranged on the frame (1) and lifts the ground clearance of the frame (1) to form a bottom distribution space,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

a bucket device (4) for shoveling and collecting materials in a preset underground layer section in the advancing process is arranged at the advancing end of the frame (1), a sorting and conveying mechanism (5) which is arranged in the middle area of the travelling mechanism and used for multi-stage screening and conveying the harvested materials is arranged below the frame (1),

the material output end of the bucket device (4) is connected to the material input end of the sorting and conveying mechanism (5).

2. The dry harvester of claim 1,

the running mechanism adopts a triangular crawler running mechanism (2),

the triangular crawler belt walking mechanism (2) comprises a driving wheel (201), a front guide wheel (202) and a rear guide wheel (203), the driving wheel (201), the front guide wheel (202) and the rear guide wheel (203) are arranged in a triangular mode, and a crawler belt (204) is wound outside the driving wheel (201), the front guide wheel (202) and the rear guide wheel (203);

a supporting beam frame (205) and a thrust wheel (206) arranged on the supporting beam frame (205) are further arranged between the front guide wheel (202) and the rear guide wheel (203);

the power output end of the power system (3) is connected to the driving wheel (201).

3. The dry harvester of claim 1,

the bucket device (4) comprises a bucket shell bracket (401) which is arranged on the advancing end of the dry type harvester for structural support, an anti-sinking component (402) which is arranged on the advancing end of the bucket shell bracket (401) and is used for rolling and jointing with the surface of the field during advancing so as to avoid sinking into the field, a soil breaking mechanism (403) which is arranged on the bucket shell bracket (401) and is used for breaking the surface layer of the field during advancing, and a shoveling and collecting mechanism (404) which is arranged on the bucket shell bracket (401) and is used for shoveling and collecting materials in a preset underground layer section during advancing;

the horizontal arrangement position of the anti-sinking assembly (402) is matched with the position of the field surface;

the soil crushing mechanism (403) is positioned behind the anti-sinking assembly (402), and the horizontal arrangement position of the soil crushing mechanism (403) is matched with the surface layer position of the field and is positioned above the layer section where the fruit is positioned;

the shoveling and collecting mechanism (404) is positioned behind the soil crushing mechanism (403), and the horizontal arrangement position of the shoveling and collecting mechanism (404) is matched with the lowest position of the underground preset layer section.

4. The dry harvester of claim 3,

the bucket device (4) also comprises a first screw conveyor (405) which is arranged in the bucket shell bracket (401) and used for collecting materials which are shoveled and collected by the shoveling and collecting mechanism (404) towards the middle and conveying the materials to the sorting and conveying mechanism (5),

first screw feeder (405) includes first pivot (4051), first left push blade (4052) and first right push blade (4053), first pivot (4051) are followed the width direction rotation of scraper bowl casing support (401) connect in scraper bowl casing support (401), first left push blade (4052) with first right push blade (4053) lay respectively both ends about first pivot (4051),

the first left pushing blade (4052) and the first right pushing blade (4053) are both spirally arranged, the rotating direction of the first left pushing blade (4052) and the rotating direction of the first right pushing blade (4053) are reversely arranged,

the material input end of the sorting conveying mechanism (5) is positioned below the first rotating shaft (4051) and in the area between the first left pushing blade (4052) and the first right pushing blade (4053);

through first pivot (4051) rotate and drive first left side push away blade (4052) with first right side push away blade (4053) synchronous revolution, and then will the material of scraper bowl casing support (401) inner chamber both sides is gathered together to the centre simultaneously and is fallen on sorting conveying mechanism (5).

5. The dry harvester of claim 1,

the sorting and conveying mechanism (5) comprises a front vibrating screen (501) used for carrying out first-stage screening and conveying in a vibrating and backward throwing mode, a conveying and screening device (502) and a rear vibrating screen (503), wherein the conveying and screening device (502) is arranged at a material output end of the front vibrating screen (501) and used for receiving thrown materials, crushing soil on the surface of fruits through rolling and carrying out second-stage screening, and the rear vibrating screen (503) is arranged at a material output end of the conveying and screening device (502) and used for carrying out multi-layer vibrating screening on the materials to realize third-stage screening.

6. The dry harvester of claim 5,

a second auger (504) used for stirring the soil screened and dropped by the front vibrating screen (501) to the front lower part of the travelling mechanisms on the two sides is arranged below the front vibrating screen (501) so as to be beneficial to lifting the height difference between the dry harvester and the surface of the field soil and avoid scraping of the mechanisms on the rear part and the surface of the field soil;

the rear of second screw feeder (504) still is equipped with and blocks and push away the soil of real whereabouts so that second screw feeder (504) are to both sides running gear front lower place soil retaining plate (505) of dialling.

7. The dry harvester of claim 5,

the front vibrating screen (501) comprises a front screen body and a front eccentric cam rocker mechanism, the front screen body is connected to a bucket shell support (401) of the bucket device (4) through the front eccentric cam rocker mechanism, the front screen body is driven to move through the front eccentric cam rocker mechanism, an acting force combining up-and-down vibration and front-and-back swing of materials on the surface of the front screen body is further formed, an included angle between the front screen body and the horizontal plane is 10-30 degrees, and material output ends of the front screen body are obliquely arranged upwards; and/or

The conveying and screening device (502) comprises a conveying chain, a chain driving shaft, a chain driven shaft, a compression roller mechanism and a chain power device, wherein the conveying chain is wound on the chain driving shaft and the chain driven shaft, the conveying chain adopts a chain sheet mesh belt structure, the power output end of the chain power device is connected to the chain driving shaft, and the compression roller mechanism is positioned above the upper-layer conveying chain; the aperture of a chain sheet mesh belt of the conveying chain is smaller than the minimum radial dimension of the fruit, and the distance between the compression roller mechanism and the upper layer conveying chain is larger than the maximum radial dimension of the fruit; and/or

The rear vibrating screen (503) comprises a rear screen assembly and a rear eccentric cam rocker mechanism, the rear screen assembly is connected to the frame (1) through the rear eccentric cam rocker mechanism, and the rear eccentric cam rocker mechanism drives the rear screen assembly to act so as to form acting force combining up-and-down vibration and front-and-back swing of materials on the surface of the rear screen assembly, so that the materials are gradually thrown backwards; the rear screen assembly comprises an upper screen and a lower screen, the upper screen and the lower screen are arranged up and down correspondingly, the aperture of the upper screen is larger than the maximum radial size of the horseshoe, and the aperture of the lower screen is smaller than the minimum radial size of the horseshoe; the material input end of the upper-layer screen is connected with the material output end of the conveying and screening device (502), and the material output end of the upper-layer screen extends out of the frame (1) to be distributed.

8. The dry harvester of any one of claims 1 to 7,

the material output end of the sorting and conveying mechanism (5) is sequentially provided with a transverse conveying belt device (12), a material lifting mechanism (13) and a material box (14), and the transverse conveying belt device (12) is arranged along the horizontal vertical direction of the sorting and conveying mechanism (5);

the materials output by the sorting and conveying mechanism (5) are conveyed to the material lifting mechanism (13) through the transverse conveying belt device (12) and lifted into the material box (14) through the material lifting mechanism (13), and a blanking mechanism for blanking fruit crops is arranged at the bottom of the material box (14);

the transverse conveying belt device (12) and the material lifting mechanism (13) are in power transmission through an angle driver (15) and are driven by a hydraulic motor or an electric motor.

9. The dry harvester of any one of claims 1 to 7,

the dry harvester also comprises a power system (3) arranged on the frame (1),

the power output end of the power system (3) is respectively connected to the travelling mechanism, the bucket device (4) and the sorting and conveying mechanism (5) so as to respectively provide power for the travelling mechanism, the bucket device (4) and the sorting and conveying mechanism (5);

the power system (3) comprises an axle box assembly (6), a high-low gear auxiliary box (7) and a continuously variable transmission (8);

the high-low gear auxiliary box (7) is arranged between the continuously variable transmission (8) and the axle box assembly (6), and the total transmission ratio of the power system (3) is further enlarged by increasing high and low gears of the high-low gear auxiliary box (7), so that the low-speed running and the normal running in a transition running state of the dry harvester in a working state are ensured.

10. The dry harvester of any one of claims 1 to 7,

the dry harvester also comprises a power system (3) arranged on the frame (1);

the power system (3) comprises an engine, a transmission shaft, a flow dividing box, a continuously variable transmission (8) and a power output device;

the engine is connected with and drives the transmission shaft, the power output end of the transmission shaft is connected with the power input shaft of the flow dividing box, and the flow dividing box is provided with a plurality of power output shafts;

a first power output shaft in the shunt box is connected with a continuously variable transmission (8);

and a second power output shaft in the flow dividing box is connected with a power output device, and the other part of power is transmitted to the bucket device (4) and the sorting and conveying mechanism (5) through the power output device.