CN113196933A - Potato harvester integrating seedling killing, digging, separating and collecting functions and harvesting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a potato harvester integrating seedling killing, digging, separating and collecting and a harvesting method, comprising a travelling mechanism, a frame, a digging device for soil lifting, a seedling killing device for seedling killing, a separating device for soil and potato separating and a collecting device for collecting potatoes, wherein the digging device and the seedling killing device are arranged at the front part of the frame, the separating device is arranged at the rear part of the digging device, and the seedling killing device is arranged above the digging device; an auxiliary separating mechanism for beating and/or throwing potatoes with soil on the separating device is arranged above the separating device on the rack. The invention integrates the functions of seedling killing, digging, soil and potato separation and collection, can improve the efficiency of potato harvesting and treat seedlings; the potatoes with soil are beaten or thrown through the auxiliary separating mechanism arranged above the separating device, so that the soil can be finely crushed, the potatoes are conveniently leaked from the separating device, and the soil-potato separating effect is good.

Description

Potato harvester integrating seedling killing, digging, separating and collecting functions and harvesting method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a potato harvester integrating seedling killing, digging, separating and collecting and a harvesting method.

Background

The potatoes which are the fourth major food crop in China occupy an important position in agricultural economy, as the edible parts of the potatoes are mainly rhizomes buried underground, seedlings exposed on the ground surface need to be harvested during harvesting, tubers are planed out of the soil by adopting a certain tool, and then the harvested tubers are picked up. The mechanical operation of potatoes is greatly required in a region with a large plot in China, but the harvesting time is delayed due to large planting area and low harvesting efficiency.

The potato harvesting machine is either foreign type or domestic type and follows: the existing harvester has single function, and the soil and potato separation quality is poor for the operation conditions of the heavy soil in small plots in southwest hilly areas.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a potato harvester with integrated functions of seedling killing, digging, separating and collecting, which can improve the harvesting efficiency and soil-potato separation effect.

In order to achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention provides a potato harvester integrating seedling killing, digging, separating and collecting, comprising a walking mechanism, a frame arranged on the walking mechanism, wherein the frame is provided with a digging device for soil raising, a seedling killing device for seedling killing, a separating device for separating potato from soil and a collecting device for collecting potato, the digging device and the seedling killing device are arranged at the front part of the frame, the separating device is arranged at the rear part of the digging device, and the seedling killing device is arranged above the digging device; an auxiliary separating mechanism used for beating and/or throwing potatoes with soil on the separating device is arranged above the separating device on the rack, and the collecting device is arranged at the downstream of the separating device.

Optionally, the separation device comprises at least two stages of conveying and separating devices arranged from front to back, each stage of conveying and separating device is obliquely arranged from front to back, the former stage of conveying and separating device receives the potatoes with soil from the digging device, the rear end of the former stage of conveying and separating device is higher than the front end of the latter stage of conveying and separating device, and the potatoes are sent to the latter stage of conveying and separating device.

Optionally, each stage of the conveying and separating device comprises a chain wheel, a chain and separating lattice bars arranged on the chain, the separating lattice bars are arranged in parallel or in a crossed manner, and soil leakage holes are formed in gaps among the separating lattice bars.

Optionally, a left side plate and a right side plate are oppositely arranged on the machine frame, a transmission channel is formed between the left side plate and the right side plate, each stage of the transmission and separation device is arranged in the transmission channel, each stage of the transmission and separation device comprises two pairs of chain wheels and two chains, the chain wheels are mounted on the left side plate and the right side plate through supporting shafts, and two ends of the separation lattice bars are connected to the two chains.

Optionally, a vibration device is further arranged on the rack, and the vibration device is used for driving the separation lattice bars of at least one of the first-stage transmission separation devices to move up and down.

Optionally, the vibration device comprises a rotating shaft driven by power and a pushing part mounted on the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft and the pushing part are located in an area enclosed by the chains, and the pushing part is switched between a state of jacking the separation lattice bars and a state of putting down the separation lattice bars in the rotating process of the rotating shaft; the pushing top part is a cam mechanism arranged on the rotating shaft; or the top pushing part comprises a bracket and two rollers, and the two rollers are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the rotating shaft through the bracket.

Optionally, the auxiliary separating mechanism is arranged above the first-stage conveying and separating device, the auxiliary separating device includes a swing shaft, soft beating rakes and a reciprocating mechanism for driving the swing shaft to rotate in a reciprocating manner, the swing shaft is arranged on the rack in a self-rotating manner, the soft beating rakes are axially arranged at intervals along the swing shaft, and the soft beating rakes can swing in a reciprocating manner along with the swing shaft to beat or throw potatoes with soil on the first-stage conveying and separating device.

Optionally, the excavating device comprises a plurality of excavating shovels arranged at intervals in the left-right direction, the excavating shovels are obliquely arranged in a manner that the front part is low and the rear part is high, and the excavating shovels are in an arch structure with a high middle part and low left and right sides.

Optionally, the seedling killing device comprises an outer cover arranged on the rack, a seedling cutting mechanism and a spiral conveyor, the seedling cutting mechanism and the spiral conveyor are both located in the outer cover, the spiral conveyor is located behind the seedling cutting mechanism, an inlet of the potato seedling is formed by opening the front of the outer cover, the seedling cutting mechanism comprises a cutter shaft rotatably arranged on the rack, a cutter rest arranged on the cutter shaft and a movable cutter arranged on the cutter rest, and a fixed cutter matched with the movable cutter is arranged on the outer cover.

Optionally, the fixed cutter is arranged at the lower edge of the opening of the outer cover, at least two movable cutters are arranged on the cutter frame at intervals along the circumferential direction of the cutter shaft, when the seedlings are killed, the movable cutters press the potato seedlings downwards into the outer cover, and when the movable cutters rotate to meet the fixed cutters, cutting is achieved.

Optionally, the walking mechanism comprises a crawler chassis and front wheels, the front end of the frame is supported on the front wheels, the harvester further comprises a horizontally-conveyed final-stage separating device and a collecting box for collecting potatoes, and the final-stage separating device is conveyed in the left-right direction and is positioned behind the last stage of conveying and separating device conveyed back and forth.

The invention also provides a potato harvesting method, which adopts the potato harvester integrating seedling killing, digging, separating and collecting into a whole, wherein in the process that the potato harvester moves forwards through a travelling mechanism, a seedling killing device positioned at the front end of a rack cuts off potato seedlings on the ground, then or simultaneously, the digging device shovels potatoes with soil from the ground, and the potatoes with soil enter a separating device and are conveyed from front to back; the auxiliary separating mechanism is arranged above the separating device and is used for beating and/or throwing potatoes with soil, crushing the soil and separating the soil from the potatoes; simultaneously, set up vibrating device on separator and carry out vibration treatment to the potato that takes soil, the separation of potato and earth with higher speed, the earth after the separation leaks down from separator, and the potato is sent into next grade separator or collecting box.

As described above, the present invention has the following advantageous effects: according to the potato harvester, the seedling killing device, the digging device, the separating device and the collecting device are arranged, and the seedling killing, digging, soil and potato separating and collecting are integrated, so that the potato harvesting efficiency can be improved, seedlings are treated, and the collecting device can be arranged at the downstream of the separating device to collect potatoes, so that manual picking is avoided; the potatoes with soil are beaten or thrown through the auxiliary separating mechanism arranged above the separating device, so that the soil can be finely crushed, the potatoes are conveniently leaked from the separating device, and the soil-potato separating effect is good.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another angle in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a side cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a seedling-killing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of an auxiliary separating mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Part number description:

11-a crawler chassis; 12-a front wheel; 2-a frame; 21-left side plate; 22-right side plate; 23. 24-a support plate; 3, digging a shovel; 4-a seedling killing device; 41-outer cover; 42-a screw conveyor; 43-cutter shaft; 44-a tool holder; 45-moving a cutting knife; 46-fixed cutting knife; 5-an auxiliary separating mechanism; 51-a swing shaft; 52-beating rake; 521-main rod; 522-strut; 53-a first drive wheel; 54-a belt; 55-a second transmission wheel; 56-a first link; 57-a second link; 58-a third link; 61-first stage transport separation means; 611-a sprocket; 612-a chain; 613-separation grid; 62-a second stage transport separation device; 63-a third stage transmission separation device; 7-a vibration device; 71-a rotating shaft; 72-a scaffold; 73-a roller; 8, a collecting box; 9-belt and pulley.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.

Examples

As shown in fig. 1-3, the potato harvester integrating seedling killing, digging, separating and collecting in the embodiment comprises a travelling mechanism and a frame 2, wherein the frame 2 is arranged on the travelling mechanism, the frame 2 is provided with a digging device, a seedling killing device 4, a separating device and a collecting device, the seedling killing device 4 is used for cutting off seedlings, the digging device is used for digging up soil to shovel potatoes with soil from the soil, and the shoveled potatoes are conveyed backwards along with the advancing of the harvester; the digging device and the seedling killing device 4 are arranged at the front part of the frame 2, and the seedling killing device 4 is arranged above the digging device and can be right above or front above so as to kill seedlings and then dig; the separating device is arranged behind the digging device and is used for separating the potatoes from the soil; wherein, the frame 2 is provided with an auxiliary separating mechanism 5 for beating and/or throwing potatoes with soil on the separating device, so that the soil is crushed by beating or throwing the potatoes with soil to be separated from the potatoes, and the auxiliary separating mechanism 5 is positioned above the separating device.

By arranging the seedling killing device 4, the digging device, the separating device and the collecting device, the seedling killing, digging, soil and potato separating and collecting are integrated, the potato harvesting efficiency can be improved, seedlings are treated, and the collecting device is arranged at the downstream of the separating device to collect potatoes, so that manual picking is avoided; the potatoes with soil are beaten or thrown through the auxiliary separating mechanism 5 arranged above the separating device, so that the soil can be finely crushed, the potatoes can be leaked from the separating device, and the soil and potato separating effect is good.

In one embodiment, the separating device comprises at least two stages of conveying and separating devices arranged from front to back, each stage of conveying and separating devices conveying from front to back, separating soil from the potatoes during the conveying process, the soil leaking from the separating devices and the potatoes conveying back; each stage of the transmission and separation device is obliquely arranged with the front higher than the rear lower, the previous stage of the transmission and separation device receives potatoes with soil from the digging device, the rear end of the previous stage of the transmission and separation device is higher than the front end of the next stage of the transmission and separation device, and the potatoes are conveyed to the next stage of the transmission and separation device.

In this example shown in FIG. 1, the separating means comprises a first stage transporting and separating means 61 and a second stage transporting and separating means 62 which are transported from front to back, and a third stage transporting and separating means 63 which is transported in the left-right direction, and the rear end of the third stage transporting and separating means 63 is provided with a collecting box 8 for collecting potatoes. Wherein the rear end of the first stage transmission separation device 61 is positioned above the front end of the second stage transmission separation device 62, so that the potatoes fall onto the second stage transmission separation device 62, the rear end of the second stage transmission separation device 62 is positioned above the third stage transmission separation device 63, and a fall is formed between the rear end of the previous stage and the front end of the next stage, so that the potatoes fall by gravity in the conveying process to generate impact and promote the separation of the potatoes.

As shown in fig. 5, each stage of the conveying and separating device includes a sprocket 611, a chain 612 and separating bars 613 arranged on the chain 612, the separating bars 613 are arranged in parallel or in a cross manner, and the gaps between the separating bars 613 form soil leaking holes. In this embodiment, the separation bars 613 are arranged in parallel, and the gaps between the separation bars 613 form soil leakage holes, so that the width of the gaps ensures that the potatoes do not leak down.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the frame 2 is oppositely provided with a left side plate 21 and a right side plate 22, a transmission channel is formed between the left side plate 21 and the right side plate 22, a first-stage transmission separation device and a second-stage transmission separation device 62 are arranged in the transmission channel, taking a first-stage transmission separation device 61 as an example, which comprises two pairs of chain wheels 611 and two chains 612, each pair of chain wheels 611 is mounted on the left side plate 21 and the right side plate 22 through a supporting shaft, one pair of chain wheels 611 is a driving wheel, the other pair of chain wheels 611 is a driven wheel, and two ends of the separation lattice 613 are connected to the two chains 612. The third stage transferring and separating device 63 is similar in structure to the first and second stages except that the transferring direction is horizontally transferred in the left-right direction.

In an embodiment, a vibration device 7 is further disposed on the frame 2, and the vibration device 7 is configured to drive the separation grid 613 of at least one of the first stage transmission separation devices to move up and down, so as to shake the potatoes on the separation grid 613, thereby further improving the separation effect of the potatoes.

In this example, the vibrating device 7 is arranged in the first stage transmission and separation device 61, specifically in the range enclosed by the chain 612 of the first stage transmission and separation device 61, the vibrating device 7 comprises a rotating shaft 71 driven by power and a pushing top part arranged on the rotating shaft 71, the rotating shaft 71 and the pushing top part are positioned in the area enclosed by the chain 612, and during the continuous unidirectional rotation of the rotating shaft 71, the pushing top part is switched between the state of jacking up the separation lattice bars 613 and the state of putting down the separation lattice bars 613; specifically, when the pushing member rotates to contact with the separation lattice bar 613, it may be pushed up a certain distance, and after the pushing member leaves the separation lattice bar 613, the separation lattice bar 613 descends to the original position, thereby realizing the up-and-down movement of the separation lattice bar 613.

In one embodiment, the knockout member is a cam mechanism, eccentric, or the like, disposed on the shaft 71; in this example, the top pushing component includes a bracket 72 and two rollers 73 (or rollers), the two rollers 73 are symmetrically installed on two sides of the rotating shaft 71 through the bracket 72, the bracket 72 is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft 71, the rollers 73 are rotatably installed on the bracket 72, and the rollers 73 are in contact with the separation grid bars 613, so that friction during relative movement is reduced, and wear of parts is reduced; the roller 73 and the bracket 72 may be installed at the middle portion of the rotating shaft 71, and in this example, in order to secure sufficient supporting force and balance, a push top member is provided near the left and right side plates 21 and 22, respectively, i.e., a pair of rollers 73 is provided at the left and right sides, respectively, as shown in fig. 4 and 5.

In this example, the auxiliary separating mechanism 5 is disposed above the first stage conveying and separating device 61, the auxiliary separating device includes a swing shaft 51, soft beating rakes 52, and a reciprocating mechanism for driving the swing shaft 51 to rotate back and forth, the swing shaft 51 is rotatably disposed on the frame 2, the axial direction of the swing shaft 51 is in the left-right direction, the soft beating rakes 52 are disposed at intervals along the axial direction of the swing shaft 51, and the soft beating rakes are swung back and forth along with the swing shaft 51 to beat or throw the potatoes with soil on the first stage conveying and separating device 61.

As shown in fig. 7, the soft tapping rake 52 can be made of soft material such as rubber to prevent damage to the potatoes; the soft tapping rake 52 in this example comprises a main bar 521 vertically connected to the swing shaft 51, and a plurality of stays 522 vertically disposed on both sides of the main bar 521; the reciprocating mechanism can be a crank-rocker mechanism and the like, and converts the rotary motion into reciprocating motion; specifically, a first transmission wheel 53 and a second transmission wheel 55 connected through a belt 54 are installed on the frame 2, power is connected through the first transmission wheel 53, a first connecting rod 56 is fixedly connected to a transmission shaft of the second transmission wheel 55, the tail end of the first connecting rod 56 is hinged to a second connecting rod 57, the second connecting rod 57 is connected with the swinging shaft 51 through a third connecting rod 58, one end of the third connecting rod 58 is fixed with the swinging shaft 51, and the other end of the third connecting rod 58 is rotatably connected with the second connecting rod 57. The potatoes with soil on the separation bars 613 can be flapped by the reciprocating motion of the oscillating shaft 51 to loosen the soil and facilitate separation from the potatoes. Of course, if the rake 52 is at its lowest position, the potatoes can also be transferred to the rake 52, which can be thrown up during upward swinging of the rake 52 and fall onto the rear separation grid 613, again promoting soil loosening and separation from the potatoes.

In one embodiment, excavating gear includes a plurality of digger blade 3 that set up along left and right directions interval, and digger blade 3 front low back highland slope sets up, and this digger blade 3 front end has a point portion, is middle high, the domes that the side is low about along left and right directions, and this domes can extrude earth when digging the potato for the potato with soil is loose, the later stage soil potato separation of being convenient for, and do benefit to the in-process earth of shoveling 3 both sides landing from digger blade.

As shown in fig. 6, in one embodiment, the seedling killing device 4 comprises an outer cover 41, a seedling cutting mechanism and a spiral conveyer 42 which are arranged on the frame 2, the seedling cutting mechanism and the spiral conveyer 42 are both positioned in the outer cover 41, the spiral conveyer 42 is positioned behind the seedling cutting mechanism, the front of the outer cover 41 is open and forms an inlet a of potato seedlings, the seedling cutting mechanism comprises a cutter shaft 43 which is rotatably arranged on the frame 2, a cutter frame 44 arranged on the cutter shaft 43 and a movable cutter 45 arranged on the cutter frame 44, and a fixed cutter 46 matched with the movable cutter 45 is arranged on the outer cover 41.

Specifically, the fixed cutter 46 is arranged at the lower edge of the open end of the outer cover 41, the cutter frame 44 is of a pair of circular structures and is connected with the cutter shaft 43 through a mounting frame, at least two movable cutters 45 are arranged on the cutter frame 44 at intervals along the circumferential direction of the cutter shaft 43, in this example, the movable cutters 45 are 3 uniformly distributed, and the movable cutters 45 are respectively tangent to or close to the upper edge and the lower edge of the open end of the outer cover 41; when the potato seedling cutting machine works, the movable cutting knife 45 rotates at a high speed along with the cutter shaft 43, potato seedlings are pressed downwards into the outer cover 41, when the movable cutting knife 45 rotates to meet the fixed cutting knife 46, cutting is achieved, and the cut seedlings are sent out by the rear spiral conveyor 42 to be collected or discharged into the ground.

In this example, the frame 2 is further provided with a left support plate 23 and a right support plate 24, the two support plates 23 and 24 are respectively fixed with the left side plate 21 and the right side plate 22, the seedling killing device 4 and the auxiliary separating mechanism 5 are arranged on the two support plates 23 and 24, and the digging device is arranged between the left side plate 21 and the right side plate 22 and is positioned below the seedling killing device 4. The traveling mechanism comprises a crawler chassis 11 and front wheels 12, the front end of the frame 2 is supported on the front wheels 12, and the front wheels 12 are specifically arranged on two support plates 23 and 24. The movement of the shafts in this example can be driven by the same power, transmitted by a transmission 9 such as a belt and a pulley, or separately powered.

The embodiment also provides a potato harvesting method, the potato harvester integrating seedling killing, digging, separating and collecting is adopted, in the process that the potato harvester moves forwards through a travelling mechanism, the seedling killing device 4 positioned at the front end of the rack 2 cuts off potato seedlings on the ground, then the digging device shovels potatoes with soil from the ground, and the potatoes with soil enter the first-stage conveying and separating device 61 and are conveyed to the second conveying and separating device from front to back; the auxiliary separating mechanism 5 above the first-stage transmission separating device 61 works, drives the beating rake 52 to run in a reciprocating mode through the swinging shaft 51, beats and/or throws potatoes with soil, and loosens or crushes the soil so as to be separated from the potatoes; meanwhile, the vibrating device 7 is arranged on the first-stage conveying and separating device 61 to vibrate potatoes with soil, namely the rotating shaft 71 drives the roller 73 to jack up or put down the separating grid 613, so that the shaking in the potato conveying process is increased, the separation of the potatoes and the soil is accelerated, the separated soil leaks from the gap of the separating grid 613, and the potatoes processed by the second-stage conveying and separating device 62 and the third-stage conveying and separating device 63 are sent into the collecting box 8.

The invention has the advantages that: the collection is killed the seedling, excavate, multistage separation, collect in potato harvester of an organic whole, can adapt to the heavy soil operation condition of southwest hilly area parcel, realize the multi-link harvesting operation requirement of potato simultaneously, reduce machine and advance ground number of times and artifical intensity of labour, supplementary separating mechanism beats or throws the processing to the potato of taking soil among the multistage separation device, can force the soil potato to carry out once separation, in order to reduce the mechanical damage of potato piece, the material selects rubber simultaneously. The three-stage separation devices are mutually provided with height differences, collision impact can be generated in the transfer process to force the potatoes to be separated again, and the collection box is installed at the end of the last-stage separation device to frame the potatoes, so that the phenomenon of manual picking or secondary covering and burying is avoided. The device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and reasonable power distribution, and can be suitable for field operation in small plots.

The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. A potato harvester integrating seedling killing, digging, separating and collecting is characterized in that: the potato seedling killing machine comprises a travelling mechanism and a rack arranged on the travelling mechanism, wherein an excavating device for lifting soil, a seedling killing device for killing seedlings, a separating device for separating potatoes from soil and a collecting device for collecting potatoes are arranged on the rack; an auxiliary separating mechanism used for beating and/or throwing potatoes with soil on the separating device is arranged above the separating device on the rack, and the collecting device is arranged at the downstream of the separating device.

2. The potato harvester integrating seedling killing, digging, separating and collecting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the separation device comprises at least two stages of transmission and separation devices arranged from front to back, each stage of transmission and separation device is obliquely arranged from front to back, the previous stage of transmission and separation device is used for receiving potatoes with soil from the digging device, the rear end of the previous stage of transmission and separation device is higher than the front end of the next stage of transmission and separation device, and the potatoes are conveyed to the next stage of transmission and separation device.

3. The potato harvester integrating seedling killing, digging, separating and collecting as claimed in claim 2, wherein: every grade transmission separator includes sprocket, chain and sets up the separation lattice bar on the chain, separation lattice bar parallel or alternately sets up, and the space between the separation lattice bar forms leaks the soil hole.

4. The potato harvester integrating seedling killing, digging, separating and collecting as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the frame is provided with a left side plate and a right side plate oppositely, a transmission channel is formed between the left side plate and the right side plate, each stage of transmission and separation device is arranged in the transmission channel and comprises two pairs of chain wheels and two chains, the chain wheels are arranged on the left side plate and the right side plate through supporting shafts, and two ends of each separation lattice bar are connected to the two chains.

5. The potato harvester integrating seedling killing, digging, separating and collecting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rack is also provided with a vibration device, and the vibration device is used for driving the separation lattice bars of at least one of the transmission separation devices to move up and down.

6. The potato harvester integrating seedling killing, digging, separating and collecting as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the vibrating device comprises a rotating shaft driven by power and a pushing part arranged on the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft and the pushing part are positioned in an area enclosed by chains, and the pushing part is switched between a state of jacking the separation lattice bars and a state of putting down the separation lattice bars in the rotating process of the rotating shaft; the pushing top part is a cam mechanism arranged on the rotating shaft; or the top pushing part comprises a bracket and two rollers, and the two rollers are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the rotating shaft through the bracket.

7. The potato harvester integrating seedling killing, digging, separating and collecting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the auxiliary separating mechanism is arranged above the first-stage transmission separating device and comprises a swinging shaft, soft beating rakes and a reciprocating mechanism for driving the swinging shaft to rotate in a reciprocating mode, the swinging shaft can be arranged on the rack in a self-rotating mode, the soft beating rakes are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the swinging shaft and swing in a reciprocating mode along with the swinging shaft, and the soft beating rakes are used for beating or throwing potatoes with soil on the first-stage transmission separating device.

8. The potato harvester integrating seedling killing, digging, separating and collecting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the excavating device comprises a plurality of excavating shovels arranged at intervals along the left-right direction, the excavating shovels are obliquely arranged in a front-low and back-high manner and are of an arch structure with a high middle part and low left and right sides.

9. The potato harvester integrating seedling killing, digging, separating and collecting as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the seedling killing device comprises an outer cover arranged on the rack, a seedling cutting mechanism and a spiral conveyor, the seedling cutting mechanism and the spiral conveyor are both positioned in the outer cover, the spiral conveyor is positioned behind the seedling cutting mechanism, the front of the outer cover is open and forms an inlet of potato seedlings, the seedling cutting mechanism comprises a cutter shaft rotatably arranged on the rack, a cutter rest arranged on the cutter shaft and a movable cutter arranged on the cutter rest, and a fixed cutter matched with the movable cutter is arranged on the outer cover.

10. The potato harvester integrating seedling killing, digging, separating and collecting as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the fixed cutting knife is arranged at the lower edge of the opening of the outer cover, at least two movable cutting knives are arranged on the knife rest at intervals along the circumferential direction of the knife shaft, when the seedlings are killed, the movable cutting knives press the potato seedlings into the outer cover downwards, and when the movable cutting knives rotate to meet the fixed cutting knives, the cutting is realized.

11. A potato harvesting method, characterized in that: adopting the potato harvester integrating seedling killing, digging, separating and collecting as a whole as claimed in any one of claims 1-10, wherein during the process that the potato harvester moves forwards through the travelling mechanism, the seedling killing device at the front end of the frame cuts off potato seedlings on the ground, then or simultaneously, the digging device shovels potatoes with soil from the ground, and the potatoes with soil enter the separating device and are conveyed from front to back; the auxiliary separating mechanism is arranged above the separating device and is used for beating and/or throwing potatoes with soil, crushing the soil and separating the soil from the potatoes; simultaneously, set up vibrating device on separator and carry out vibration treatment to the potato that takes soil, the separation of potato and earth with higher speed, the earth after the separation leaks down from separator, and the potato is sent into next grade separator or collecting box.

Images