RU2304375C1 - Potato harvesting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: potato harvesting machine has underdigging tool, lifting conveyor, foliage remover, soil contaminants separator, sorting-out conveyor, plant remains separator, and hopper with discharge conveyor. Foliage remover has tuber separating roll and is made in the form of conveyor which embraces soil contaminant separator so as to move transverse to machine advancement direction. There are sorting-out table and plant remains separator behind soil contaminants separator. Plant remains separator is made in the form of inclined surface defined by finger-type disks made from elastic material and staggered on set of parallel rolls so as to overlap fingers.

EFFECT: improved quality of mechanized potato harvesting procedure.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to machines and mechanisms for harvesting potatoes and other root crops on any type of soil.

Known potato harvester KKU-2A, which has the following working bodies - a ploughshare, main elevator, clutch cutter, second elevator, topper, lifting drum, slide slide, bulkhead table, hopper loading conveyor, impurity conveyor, hopper (KKU-2A potato harvester. Technical description and instruction manual, Ryazselmash, p.16). The roll of roll used in the well-known combine is designed to separate the flow of tubers and impurities and is a moving endless web with many rubber fingers located perpendicular to the web (p. 38, 39). The slide of the slide is set obliquely so that during the operation of the combine, the tubers roll down the tops of the fingers, and small impurities, primarily vegetable, hang between the fingers and are carried up, in the direction of movement of the slide (p. 74).

The disadvantage of the existing potato harvester is the rapid sticking of particles between the fingers by the moist soil, while the canvas of the hill becomes almost smooth from the palm, and the slide of the roll ceases to fulfill its purpose. Another disadvantage of the existing combine is the damage of tubers when they fall into the hopper from a certain height, the risk of damage to the tubers limits the depth of the hopper, therefore, its capacity.

Technical task: to improve the quality of mechanized harvesting of potatoes, especially with increased soil moisture.

The technical result is an increase in the quality of mechanized harvesting of potatoes, especially with increased soil moisture, due to the exclusion of clogging of interdigital distances with small plant impurities, which provides a more efficient separation of tubers from plant impurities, since tubers roll down the inclined surface of the separator, and plant impurities are picked up fingers of the separator disks are carried out on an inclined surface upwards and are discharged outside the machine.

According to the invention, the technical result is achieved in that in a potato harvester containing a digging working body, a lifting conveyor, a topper, a soil separator, a bulk conveyor, a vegetable impurity separator and a hopper with an unloading conveyor, the topper has a tuber-peel roller and is made in the form of a conveyor, covering the separator of soil impurities with the possibility of movement across the stroke of the machine, moreover, behind the separator of soil impurities mounted bulkhead with thick and a separator of vegetable impurities, made in the form of an inclined surface formed by palm-shaped disks made of elastic material and fixed in a checkerboard pattern with overlapping fingers on several parallel shafts.

Compliance with the criterion of “inventive step” is due to the presence of a new technical property, which consists in a better and more efficient separation of plant impurities from potato tubers on an inclined palm surface formed by a plurality of palm disks fixed in a checkerboard pattern with overlapping fingers on rotating shafts, and a new technical property, which consists in automatically maintaining the height of the fall of tubers into the hopper of the machine due to the bottom of the hopper falling under the weight of the tubers, which echnom ultimately leads to better mechanical harvesting potatoes with minimal damage to the tubers.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a potato harvester, side view, figure 2 is a schematic diagram, a top view.

Potato harvester contains a digging tool. To achieve the best result of the operation of the machine, it is advisable to perform the digging-up working body similarly to that used in the potato digger according to patent No. 2253212 (options 1 and 3), that is, in the form of a ploughshare 1 with vertical walls and located above the ploughshare of the crumbling drum 2. In the bottom of the ploughshare there are longitudinal slots 3 different lengths, and on the surface of the drum there are made wavy protrusions 4 parallel to the axis of the drum. A potato harvesting machine may contain two of the same type of undermining working bodies, as shown in figure 2, as well as one or more undermining working bodies, depending on the required number of rows of potatoes to be dug at the same time and the design of the potato harvesting machine.

Behind the digging working body, a lifting conveyor 5 is installed, made in the form of a barbed web with transverse slats 6 formed by rows of parallel fingers 7 with an elastic coating. The gap between the fingers contributes to the additional separation of fine impurities and does not exceed the size of the smallest detachable potato tubers. After the lifting conveyor, a topper 8 is installed, moving across the machine and covering a soil impurity separator 9. The topper 8 consists of a barbed web with a gap between the rods 10 of at least 150 mm and flexible connecting links 11 to better keep the tops on the conveyor web. To detach tubers hanging on the tops of tubers, a roller 12 is provided.

The soil impurity separator 9 can be of various designs, but in order to achieve the best separation quality, it is desirable to perform it similarly to that used in patent No. 2253212 (options 2 and 3), that is, in the form of a system of parallel shafts on which finger disks are mounted staggered, fingers of which made of elastic material with a cross section decreasing from the base of the finger to its apex, while the outer surface of each finger at its base is perpendicular to the radius of the disk, and the fingers of the disks of adjacent shafts are installed overlapping.

After the soil impurity separator 9, a bulkhead conveyor 13 is installed, which is a moving conveyor belt with transverse slats 14, and a vegetable impurity separator 15, which is an inclined surface formed by palm discs 16, staggered with overlapping fingers on several parallel shafts 17, which rotate towards the upper edge of the separator. A separator of this design effectively separates plant impurities at small intrinsic dimensions regardless of the moisture content of the mass fed to it.

Below the separator of vegetable impurities, a hopper 18 is installed with a bottom in the form of an unloading conveyor 19, and the hopper conveyor is fixed with the ability to move in a vertical plane. The machine also has platforms 20 for the operation of the pickers, but their participation in the operation of the machine is optional. All machine components are mounted on the frame and are driven by the tractor PTO. Potato harvester operates as follows. When moving across the ploughshare field 1, they dig up potato rows, ensuring the capture of a minimum amount of soil. Simultaneously with the digging, forcibly rotating lump-breaking drums 2 crumble a layer of soil. The surface of the drum effectively crushes large lumps of soil, contributes to the separation, tubers from the tops and better supply of mass to the separating working bodies. Longitudinal slots 3 in the bottom of the ploughshare provide additional crumbling of the undermined layer and partial separation of the soil. Since crushing of soil lumps occurs at the moment of undermining, the potato tubers are well protected by a layer of soil from damage by a crushing drum 2.

Next, the mass is picked up by two lifting slat conveyors 5, the speed of which exceeds the speed of the machine, for better separation of the subsoil.

From the lifting conveyors, the mass is discharged to the soil impurity separator 9, passing through the transverse rare-leaf tops 8. The tops hang on the conveyor and are carried out to the side. Flexible retention links between the conveyor rods contribute to a better retention of the randomly oriented tops. Potato tubers that have not come off the stems are beaten off by a tuber-peel roller 12.

Received to the separator 9, the mass is subjected to intensive separation on the palmate surface. The soil is sifted into the gaps between the fingers of the separator disks, and tubers, small plant impurities, and, possibly, individual stones enter the bulkhead conveyor 13.

On the bulkhead conveyor 13, if necessary, pickers can manually select stones and uterine tubers.

From the bulkhead conveyor, the mass is fed to an inclined separator of vegetable impurities 15. The rotating finger disks 16 forming the separation surface capture the vegetable impurities, transfer them upward and dump them outside the machine. The tubers roll down the inclined surface of the separator and fall into the hopper 18, the bottom of which is an unloading conveyor 19. As the hopper is filled, the unloading conveyor lowers under the weight of the tubers. Thus, the minimum height of tubers falling into the hopper is automatically maintained, which reduces their damage and ensures high-quality mechanized harvesting of potatoes.

Claims (1)

A potato harvester containing a digging tool, a lifting conveyor, a topper, a soil impurity separator, a pick-up conveyor, a vegetable impurity separator and a hopper with an unloading conveyor, characterized in that the topper has a tuber-separation roller and is made in the form of a conveyor covering the soil impurity separator with the course of the machine, moreover, behind the soil impurity separator, a bulkhead table and a vegetable impurity separator, installed in ide inclined surface formed by palm-shaped discs made of elastic material and fixed in a checkerboard pattern with overlapping fingers on several parallel shafts.

Images