RU2746694C1 - Carrot digger and collector - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural engineering. Device contains a squeeze lifter located between two discs, a separating working body, a drive mechanism from the tractor PTO shaft, support wheels. Basis of the separating body is a chain elevator and an elastic digitate fabric, put on the drum. Drum is made in the form of two corner rings, fixed on the shaft by means of disks with an interval corresponding to the width of the elastic digitate fabric, and interconnected by a plurality of rods arranged around a circle concentric with the corner rings. Chain elevator is put on the upper drive shaft and the lower guide roller, and the front branch encloses the drum corner rings from behind. An elastic digitate fabric is put on the rods of the drum and a guide roller located in front of and above the drive shaft of the chain elevator. Front branch of the elastic digitate fabric is inclined to the horizontal plane at an angle exceeding the rolling angle of the root crops.

EFFECT: provides simplification of the design and technological scheme of the combine.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for harvesting carrots and other small root crops.

There are many known devices for harvesting carrots of the digging type, protected by copyright certificates of the USSR and patents of the Russian Federation: SU No. 1836892, No. 1817668 (A01D, 19/02); RU No. 2037992, No. 2095960 and others.

The closest technical solution to the proposed one is a carrot harvester (Patent No. 2537918 A01D, 19/02, Publ. Bull. No. 1 10.01.2015). On this combine, a layer of soil with root crops from the squeeze diggers enters a trapezoidal channel tapering towards the top, formed by the branches of a finger tape and a bar elevator. In this channel, the heap is stratified; the soil is picked up back in the direction of movement of the unit, and the root crops are fed to the upper branch of the bar elevator and by the unloading conveyor are fed into the accumulator (bunker, trolley).

In the process of testing the harvester, a number of shortcomings were discovered. An unacceptably large number of small root crops are thrown back together with the soil. Due to the lack of a device for breaking up lumps of soil, large lumps enter the container. The discs, placed on the sides of the squeeze diggers and driven by the belts of the bar elevator, slip.

In this regard, the claimed invention is aimed at solving the following problems:

- to propose a simple device for breaking soil lumps;

- to intensify the process of separating the heap due to the action of centrifugal force in addition to gravity;

- to propose a device for separating the shallow soil destroyed by the crusher from root crops at the end of the technological path.

These technical results are achieved by the fact that the basis of the separating body is a bar elevator and an elastic finger cloth put on a drum made in the form of two corner rings, fixed on the shaft by means of disks with an interval corresponding to the width of the elastic finger cloth and interconnected by a plurality of bars placed around the circumference concentric to the corner rings; in this case, the bar elevator is put on the upper drive shaft and the lower guide roller and the front branch at the rear covers the corner rings of the drum, and the elastic finger cloth is put on the bars of the drum and the guide roller located in front and above the drive shaft of the bar elevator, while the front upper branch of the elastic finger the blade is inclined to the horizontal plane at an angle exceeding the rolling angle of the root crops.

This design of the device provides, first of all, a simplification of the design of the combine. The process of separating the heap is intensified due to the action of centrifugal forces and the separation of root crops in an upward flow. Soil lumps are destroyed and the percentage of clean root crops in the storage container (container) increases. The technology of manufacturing individual assembly units and a combine is being simplified.

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a carrot digger-collector (harvester) - side view.

The digger-collector contains a squeeze-out digger located between two discs, a separating working body, a drive mechanism from the tractor PTO shaft, support wheels, and a frame.

The squeeze digger 1 consists of 2 identical wedge-shaped knives, inclined to the horizontal and longitudinal-vertical planes at the required angle and thus forming an undercut-squeeze channel. The knives are placed between the discs 2.

The basis of the separating body is made up of a bar elevator 3 and an elastic finger-like cloth 4 put on the drum. The drum is made in the form of 2 corner rings 5, fixed on the shaft 6 by means of disks 7 with an interval corresponding to the width of the elastic finger-like cloth 4. The disks 7 are interconnected by a plurality of rods (pipes) 8, arranged around the circumference with a concentric ring 5. Bar elevator 3 is put on the upper drive shaft 9 and the lower guide roller 10. In this case, the front branch covers the rear corner rings 5 of the drum. The elastic finger-like fabric 4 is put on the rods 8 of the drum and the front guide roller 11, located in front of and above the drive shaft 9 of the rod elevator. These shafts are located so that the front upper branch of the elastic finger-like cloth is inclined to the horizontal plane at an angle exceeding the rolling angle of carrots. The change in the value of the rolling angle is achieved by changing the position of the drum 11.

The drive shaft 9 of the bar elevator 3 is driven through the bevel gear and the chain from the PTO of the tractor. The frame is supported by four wheels, the position of which is adjustable in height.

Digger-collector of carrots (mini-harvester) works as follows.

With the forward movement of the digger-collector along the passage, previously freed from the tops, the squeeze digger 1 cuts the soil layer with root crops. Further, the layer passes through a tapering section formed by two working surfaces of the knives, symmetrical with respect to the vertical plane passing along the axis of the row to be removed. In this case, the roots are compressed and squeezed upward.

Then the roots with loosened soil are picked up by the upper branch of the bar elevator 3. At the same time, the discs 2 prevent the layer from falling apart with the roots on the sides. Further, the heap is carried away in a circular motion. In this case, the roots under the action of centrifugal force are tightly pressed against the bars of the elevator 3, and the fine soil is sieved.

In the upper part of the bar elevator 3, the heap is clamped between the lower branch of the elevator 3 and the upper branch of the elastic finger-like fabric 4. In this case, dense lumps of soil are intensively destroyed. The pressure force is regulated by the blade tension 4.

Further, the roots and crushed soil enter the inclined surface of the upper branch of the finger-like leaf 4. In this case, the fine soil settles on the leaf, is picked up by the fingers of the leaf 4, rises up, bends around the guide roller 11 and descends to the ground along the trays 12. Root crops "float" from the fine soil mass, are partially cleaned and, being on the surface of the upward moving soil stream and fingers, continuously roll down the hill and descend to the upper branch of the bar elevator 3. The deflector 13 helps to roll the root crops. elevator 3, root crops on tray 14 enter the receiving container.

The main advantage of the proposed device is that the constructive and technological scheme of the digger-collector is simplified:

- a simple closure device;

- separation of the heap in addition to gravity due to the action of centrifugal forces;

- simplified kinematic diagram (the simplest drive from PTO: bevel gear and one chain).

Economic efficiency follows from the above advantages

Bibliography

1. RU 1817668 MPK A01D 19/02 Rotary root and tuber harvester / L.M. Maximov, Ya.G. Rakhmatullin, P.L. Maksimov, A.I. Two eyes. - No. 894768776, declared 12/11/1989.

2. RU 1836892 MPK A01D 17/20 Root and tuber harvester / L.M. Maximov, V.F. Pervushin, A.I. Dvoeglazov, P.L. Maximov. - No. 4857531, filed on 08/06/1990.

3. RU 2037992 MPK A01D 17/20 Root and tuber harvester / L.M. Maksimov, V.F. Pervushin, A.I.Dvoeglazov, P.L. Maksimov. - No. 4885283/15, announced on 11/26/1990.

4. RU 2095960 MPK A01D 19/02 Carrot harvester / L.M. Maksimov, P.L. Maksimov, A.I.Dvoeglazov, L.L. Maksimov. - No. 93057460/13, declared on 28.12.1993.

5. RU 2537918 IPC A01D 19/02; A01D 25/04 Carrot harvester / L.M. Maximov, P.L. Maximov. - No. 2013130571/13, declared 02.07.2013.

Claims (1)

A digger-collector of carrots, containing a squeeze digger, placed between two disks, a separating working body, a drive mechanism from the tractor PTO shaft, support wheels, characterized in that the basis of the separating body is a bar elevator and an elastic finger cloth, put on a drum made in the form of two corner rings fixed to the shaft by means of disks with an interval corresponding to the width of the elastic finger-like fabric, and interconnected by a plurality of rods arranged in a circle concentric with the corner rings; while the bar elevator is put on the upper drive shaft and the lower guide roll, and the front branch covers the rear corner rings of the drum; an elastic finger-like cloth is put on the drum rods and a guide roller located in front of and above the drive shaft of the bar elevator, while the front branch of the elastic finger-like cloth is inclined to the horizontal plane at an angle exceeding the rolling angle of root crops.

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