CN110754224A

CN110754224A - Harvester is picked up to peanut

Info

Publication number: CN110754224A
Application number: CN201911230115.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈明东; 杨然兵; 尚书旗; 王东伟; 翟新婷
Original assignee: Qingdao Agricultural University
Current assignee: Qingdao Agricultural University
Priority date: 2019-12-04
Filing date: 2019-12-04
Publication date: 2020-02-07

Abstract

The invention discloses a peanut picking harvester suitable for digging and laying, which comprises a frame, a walking device, an operation control device, a driving device, a picking platform, a fruit picking device, a vine conveying device, a rubbing and cleaning device and a vibration cleaning device, wherein the picking platform comprises a rack, a left side plate, a right side plate, a vine lifting fork and a vine supporting device, the picking platform is arranged at the front end of the frame, the fruit picking device comprises a clamping conveying belt, a driving wheel, a driven wheel, a double-layer fruit picking scraper plate and a fruit conveying belt, the fruit picking device is arranged on the picking platform, the vine conveying device comprises a vine supporting platform, a packing auger, a vine conveying belt and a conveying channel, the rubbing and cleaning device comprises a sieve plate, a rubbing unit and a baffle, the vibration cleaning device comprises a vibration conveying plate and a baffle plate, the invention solves the problems of picking, seedling and fruit separation after digging and laying of peanuts, the fruit cleaning problem improves the seedling and fruit separation rate and reduces the loss of the peanuts in the process of harvesting.

Description

Harvester is picked up to peanut

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a peanut picking harvester.

Background

At present, peanuts are one of main economic crops and oil crops in China, the planting area of the peanuts is continuously enlarged in recent years, but the harvesting work of the peanuts after the peanuts are mature is heavier, the most common means at present is manual work of farmers, the workload is high, the peanut harvesting machines are gradually increased along with the rapid development of agricultural machines, but most of the technologies are immature, the harvesting rate of the peanut combined harvester in the prior art is low, the harvesting result is high in water content, and the peanuts are often mildewed and deteriorated due to the fact that the peanuts are not aired in a large enough place. In order to solve the problem of airing peanuts, peanut seedlings with fruits are shoveled out and aired on the tops of ridges in most areas, and the aired peanuts with fruits are still harvested manually, so that the efficiency is low. Although some peanut picking and harvesting machines are available at present, picking and picking are relatively extensive, dried peanuts and vine vines are fed into the machine together, peanut fruits and the vine vines are separated by stirring and other modes, so that the peanut fruit loss rate is high, the separated fruits are mixed with a large amount of vine vines, soil and other impurities, and therefore the peanut picking and harvesting machines cannot be effectively cleaned, cannot meet production requirements, and restricts production and development of the peanuts.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a peanut picking harvester suitable for digging and laying, and aims to solve the problems of picking, seedling and fruit separation and fruit cleaning after digging and laying of peanuts.

In order to solve the technical problem, the seedling vine picking and cleaning device comprises a rack, a walking device, an operation control device, a driving device, a picking platform, a fruit picking device, a seedling vine conveying device, a rubbing and cleaning device and a vibration cleaning device, wherein the picking platform comprises a rack, a left side plate, a right side plate, a seedling vine lifting fork and a seedling support device, the picking platform is installed at the front end of the rack, the left side plate and the right side plate are respectively installed on the left side and the right side of the rack, the seedling vine lifting fork and the seedling support device with adjustable positions and angles are installed at the front end of the rack, and a guide plate with adjustable gradient is arranged on the seedling vine lifting fork.

The fruit picking device comprises a clamping conveying belt, a driving wheel, a driven wheel, double-layer fruit picking scraping plates and a fruit conveying belt, the fruit picking device is installed on a picking platform, the driven wheel is installed behind the tail end of the seedling lifting fork, the driving wheel is installed behind the driven wheel, the clamping conveying belt is installed on the driving wheel and the driven wheel, two groups of the clamping conveying units are arranged in parallel to form a clamping conveying unit, the double-layer fruit picking scraping plates are installed below the clamping conveying units, each double-layer fruit picking scraping plate is provided with a lower layer scraping plate and an upper layer scraping plate, the two layers of the scraping plates are provided with gradually-narrowing leading-in notches, and the fruit conveying belt is installed below.

The seedling vine conveying device comprises a seedling vine supporting platform, an auger, a seedling vine conveying belt and a conveying channel, the seedling vine conveying device is installed above the fruit conveying belt, the rear of the clamping conveying unit is arranged above the fruit conveying belt, the seedling vine supporting platform is installed above the fruit conveying belt, the auger is installed on the seedling vine supporting platform, the conveying channel is installed at the rear of the auger, the seedling vine conveying belt is installed inside the conveying channel, the left side and the right side of the auger are provided with spiral conveying pieces, and the middle of the auger is provided with a poking nail tooth.

Rub cleaning plant including the sieve, rub unit, dog, the sieve is semi-circular structure, comprises many parallel billet, and the clearance constitutes rectangular shape sieve mesh between the parallel billet, rub the unit and install top in the sieve, it has the corrugated rubber block of strip to rub the unit installation, the dog is installed rub the unit rear.

The vibration cleaning and sorting device comprises a vibration conveying plate and a baffle, the vibration conveying plate is in a zigzag shape, a strip-shaped hole is formed in the vibration conveying plate, and the baffle is installed above the vibration conveying plate.

By adopting the structure, the peanut picking machine realizes picking and picking of peanuts after digging and laying, cleaning of peanuts and recovery of peanut vine vines.

Drawings

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and embodiments:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a picking table, a fruit picking device and a vine conveying device;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a double-layer fruit-picking scraper;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the rubbing cleaning device;

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Before the description of the present invention, it should be defined that the orientation words in the present invention, such as front and back, are all based on the operation direction of the peanut picking and harvesting machine shown in fig. 1, that is, the forward direction of the peanut picking and harvesting machine is front, otherwise, the forward direction is back; the following directional words such as lower, upper and the like are based on the placing position of the peanut picking and harvesting machine in the normal working state shown in figure 1.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the peanut picking harvester includes a frame, a traveling device, an operation control device, a driving device, a picking platform 1, a picking device 2, a vine conveying device 3, a rubbing cleaning device 4 and a vibrating cleaning device 5, wherein the traveling device, the operation control device and the driving device are prior art and are not described herein again.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the pickup table 1 comprises a rack 11, a left side plate 12, a right side plate 13, a seedling lifting fork 14 and a seedling support device 15, the pickup table 1 is installed at the front end of the rack, the left side plate 12 and the right side plate 13 are respectively arranged at two sides of the rack 11, the seedling lifting fork 14 and the seedling support device 15 with adjustable positions and angles are installed at the front end of the rack 11, and therefore the pickup table is suitable for different working environments and improves the applicability of the invention. The seedling vine lifting fork 14 is provided with a guide plate with adjustable gradient, the seedling vine lifting fork 14 moves forwards along the middle of a furrow along with the advancing of the harvester, the front end of the fork is slightly higher than the bottom of the furrow so as to easily lift the laid peanut plant, and the seedling support device 15 is provided with a conical fork plate with smaller gradient with the ground and higher than the ridge top so as to guide the peanut into the picking platform 1.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the fruit picking device 2 comprises a clamping conveyer belt 21, a driving wheel 22, a driven wheel 23, a double-layer fruit picking scraper 24 and a fruit conveyer belt 25, the fruit picking device 2 is installed on the picking platform 1, the driven wheel 23 is installed behind the tail end of the vine lifting fork 14, the driving wheel 22 is installed behind the driven wheel 23, the clamping conveyer belt 21 is installed on the driving wheel 22 and the driven wheel 23, two groups of the clamping conveyer belt are arranged in parallel to form a clamping conveyer unit, and the tiled peanut plants are lifted by the vine lifting fork 14 and then guided into the clamping conveyer unit. A double-layer fruit picking scraper 24 is arranged below the clamping and conveying unit, a lower layer scraper blade and an upper layer scraper blade are arranged on the double-layer fruit picking scraper blade 24, the two layers of scraper blades are provided with gradually narrowed leading-in notches, peanut plants are clamped by the clamping and conveying unit and conveyed towards the rear end, fruits drop downwards at the bottoms of the peanut plants due to gravity and enter the double-layer fruit picking scraper blade 24, the peanut fruits firstly enter the lower layer scraper blade of the double-layer fruit picking scraper blade 24, the lower layer scraper blade of the double-layer fruit picking scraper blade 24 firstly plays a role in smoothing out fruits along with the backward conveying of the peanut plants, some fruits are close to the plants due to uncertainty in the vertical direction of the root results of the peanut plants, and part of the fruits are positioned above the lower layer scraper blade of the double-layer fruit picking scraper blade 24 at the moment and can be scraped by the upper layer scraper blade of the double-layer fruit picking scraper blade 24, so that the fruit picking applicability of the, ensuring the picking rate. The fruit conveyer belt 25 is arranged below the double-layer peanut picking scraper 24 and can convey the scraped peanuts to the rubbing cleaning device 4.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the vine conveying device 3 comprises a vine supporting platform 31, a packing auger 32, a vine conveying belt 33 and a conveying channel 34, the vine conveying device 3 is arranged behind a clamping conveying unit above a fruit conveying belt 25, the vine supporting platform 31 is arranged above the fruit conveying belt 25, and the lower part can convey picked peanuts and the upper part can convey peanut vines. The seedling vine bracket 31 is provided with the auger 32, the conveying channel 34 is arranged behind the auger 32, the seedling vine conveying belt 33 is arranged inside the conveying channel 34, the left side and the right side of the auger 32 are provided with spiral conveying sheets, the middle part of the auger 32 is provided with shifting spike teeth which can concentrate the seedling vines at the two sides towards the middle part, simultaneously, the shifting spike teeth can shift the concentrated peanut seedling vines into the conveying channel 34, and the concentrated peanut seedling vines are conveyed to the seedling collecting box 6 at the rear end of the rack through the seedling vine conveying belt 33, so that the seedling vines.

As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the rubbing cleaning device 4 includes a sieve plate 41, a rubbing unit 42 and a stopper 43, the rubbing cleaning device 4 is installed behind the fruit conveyer belt 25, the peanuts are conveyed to the rubbing cleaning device 4 via the fruit conveyer belt 25 and enter the sieve plate 41, the sieve plate 41 is of a semicircular structure and is composed of a plurality of parallel steel bars, gaps among the parallel steel bars form elongated sieve holes, and the elongated sieve holes formed by the parallel steel bars of the sieve plate 41 are beneficial to the fall of peanut vine tendrils and soil and prevent the peanut fruits from falling down. The rubbing unit 42 is arranged above the sieve plate 41, the rubbing unit 42 can rotate to stir and rub the conveyed peanuts, the rubber blocks with strip-shaped corrugations are arranged on the rubbing unit, the rubber blocks arranged on the rubbing unit 42 are contacted with the peanuts in the rubbing movement process of the rubbing unit 42, so that residual peanut vine and soil are rubbed down without damaging peanut shells, the rubbed clean peanuts are thrown out of the rubbing cleaning device 4 backwards under the action of the rubbing unit 42, and the baffle 43 is arranged behind the rubbing unit 42 to prevent the peanuts from being thrown too far.

As shown in fig. 1, vibration cleaning plant 5 includes vibration conveying plate 51, baffle 52, vibration conveying plate 51 is the zigzag, prevent the peanut fruit backward flow, it has the rectangular shape hole to open on the vibration conveying plate, be convenient for remaining seedling tendril straw, earth falls, baffle 52 is installed and is left certain distance above vibration conveying plate 51 rather than, in peanut fruit vibration transportation process, baffle 52 can be dialled the peanut fruit of piling and scatter, fall in order to be more favorable to the debris vibration of inclusion between the fruit, fruit case 7 is installed to vibration conveying plate 51 rear end, realize that the fruit is collected.

While the invention has been described above with reference to an embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the various features of the embodiments disclosed herein may be used in any combination, provided that there is no structural conflict, and the combinations are not exhaustively described in this specification merely for the sake of brevity and conservation of resources. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A peanut picking and harvesting machine comprises a machine frame, a traveling device, an operation control device, a driving device, a picking platform, a picking device, a seedling vine conveying device, a rubbing and cleaning device and a vibration cleaning device, wherein the picking platform is installed at the front end of the machine frame, the picking device and the seedling vine conveying device are installed on the picking platform, the picking platform comprises a platform frame, a left side plate, a right side plate, seedling vine lifting forks and seedling supporters, the left side plate and the right side plate are respectively installed on the left side and the right side of the platform frame, the seedling vine lifting forks and the seedling supporters with adjustable positions and angles are installed at the front end of the platform frame, the picking device comprises a clamping conveying belt, a driving wheel, a driven wheel, a double-layer picking scraping plate and a fruit conveying belt, the driven wheel is installed at the tail end of the seedling vine lifting forks, the driving wheel is installed behind the, the centre gripping conveyer belt is installed the action wheel, from the driving wheel on, two sets of parallel discharge constitute centre gripping conveying unit, and centre gripping conveying unit below installation the fruit scraper blade is plucked to the bilayer, the fruit scraper blade is plucked to the bilayer is equipped with lower floor's scraper blade and upper scraper blade, and two-layer scraper blade has all opened the leading-in notch of gradual narrowing, the fruit conveyer belt is installed the below of fruit scraper blade is plucked to the bilayer.

2. A peanut picking and harvesting machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rubbing and cleaning device includes a sieve plate of a semicircular structure having an elongated sieve mesh made of parallel steel bars, a rubbing unit mounted on the sieve plate at an upper portion thereof, a rubber block having strip-shaped corrugations mounted on the rubbing unit, and a stopper mounted behind the rubbing unit.

3. The peanut picking harvester according to claim 1, wherein the vine conveyor comprises a vine tray table, an auger, a vine conveyor belt and a conveying channel, the vine tray table is mounted above the fruit conveyor belt, the auger is mounted on the vine tray table, the conveying channel is mounted behind the auger, the vine conveyor belt is mounted inside the conveying channel, spiral conveying pieces are arranged on the left side and the right side of the auger, and a poking nail tooth is arranged in the middle of the auger.

4. A peanut picking and harvesting machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vibrating cleaning and sorting device includes a vibrating conveyor plate and a baffle plate, the vibrating conveyor plate is saw-toothed, the vibrating conveyor plate is provided with elongated holes, and the baffle plate is mounted above the vibrating conveyor plate.