RU185407U1 - POTATO digger - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to digging and separating devices used in potato harvesters. A potato digger contains a ploughshare, high-speed, main and cascade bar elevators, running and supporting wheels, a screw mechanism for regulating the depth of undermining of the tuberous layer, elliptical sprockets and mounted in the direction of movement of the heap intensifier. The intensifier is made in the form of spiral compression springs, wound with a gap between the turns with right and left windings, made of round wire, the surface of which is made of a material with a high coefficient of friction, such as rubber. Spiral springs mounted on drums. Inside the drums, spiral flat springs are installed. Spiral springs are fixed on the drums, inside of which spiral flat springs are fixed on the shafts.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to separation devices used in potato harvesters.

Known elevator semi-mounted potato digger KST-1.4, designed for harvesting two rows of potatoes planted with a row spacing of 70 cm

The KST-1.4 potato digger contains active shares, mounted on pendants, articulated to the frame, oscillating connecting rods, folding fingers mounted on shares, high-speed, main and cascade elevators, formed by rods, the ends of which are embedded in chain links, elliptical shakers, running and support wheels, The plow depth of up to 25 cm is regulated by a screw mechanism, that is, by changing the position of the support wheel. (Khalansky V.M., Gorbachev I.V. Agricultural machines. - M: Kolos S, 2004. - S. 422-424).

The well-known potato digger is designed for harvesting potatoes on heavy soils with a moisture content of up to 27%. The plow depth of up to 25 cm is regulated by the screw mechanism of the support wheel. Bar elevators designed to move and grind the tuberous layer, to separate the soil from the tubers and to screen it, are located one after the other with a height difference. They are lattice cloths with a closed circuit, the upper (working) branches of which move from plowshares to the exit. The upper branch is shaken by elliptical stars during movement.

The plowshares are mounted on suspensions pivotally connected to the frame and oscillate with connecting rods with an amplitude of 14 mm and a frequency of 8.3; 9.4 and 10.5 s ^-1 .

The frequency of oscillation of the shares is regulated by replacing the sprockets on the gearbox shaft.

The oscillating plowshares partially crumble the formation, less stick to the soil, reduce the loading of soil and plant mass in front of the elevator, and reduce the traction resistance of the potato digger.

The elevator canvas is formed by rods whose ends are embedded in chain links. The high-speed elevator has three chains, the main and cascade ones - two chains each, with which the blade rests on the sprockets of the drive shaft and the support rollers. Adjacent rods are connected by strips and bent in opposite directions, forming pockets that prevent the tubers from rolling. The cascade elevator rods are coated with rubber, which protects the tubers from damage.

The high-speed elevator canvas moves faster than the potato digger. Therefore, the reservoir entering it is pulled apart in the longitudinal direction and partially crushed, which facilitates the isolation of tubers. The layer, moving from one elevator to another, falls and is further crushed. Fine soil is sifted between the rods, and tubers, not destroyed soil clumps and tops, go from the cascade elevator to the swath. The width of the formed roll is adjusted by turning the flap secured to the frame behind the cascade elevator.

Known potato digger has disadvantages.

During the harvesting of potatoes by a well-known potato digger, part of the potato tubers is rolled out over the entire width of the dug rows. In order not to crush the potatoes with the wheels of the tractor, the potatoes are removed from the first and second rows, and then from the fifth and sixth, that is, they dig the potatoes through two rows.

During potato harvesting, the tuberous comb cut by the ploughshare has a soil crust that moves with the tuberous seam from the ploughshare to the bar separator elevator. Whatever the separating device, the soil is first crushed and sieved from the bottom of the tuberous stratum. Soil lumps of the destroyed soil crust of the crest cut by the ploughshare cannot always be destroyed by additional devices. As a result, potato tubers and soil lumps of the destroyed soil crust move from the cascade bar elevator and fall to the field surface, forming a roll of potatoes and soil lumps.

Also known is a potato digger, which contains a ploughshare mounted on connecting rods pivotally mounted on eccentrics, high-speed, main and cascade bar elevators, running and support wheels, a screw mechanism for regulating the depth of digging of the tuberous layer, elliptical sprockets and an intensifier installed above them in the direction of the heap . The intensifier is made in the form of a drive shaft with flanges and is installed with the possibility of changing the distance between it and the bar elevator. On the drive shaft of the intensifier between the flanges are installed spiral compression springs, wound with a gap between the turns with right and left winding. Spiral springs are made of round wire, and the surface of the wire is made of a material with a high coefficient of friction, such as rubber. (Application for the invention “Potato digger” No. 2018100708, IPC A01D 33/08, A01D 19/04, claimed. 01/10/2018).

An intensifier is installed on the frame above the upper (working) branch of the cascade bar elevator. The intensifier is installed above the cascade bar elevator with the ability to change the distance between it and the elevator rods. The intensifier is made in the form of a drive shaft with flanges. On the drive shaft of the intensifier between the flanges are fixed coil springs. Spiral springs are wound with a gap between the turns. Spiral springs are made with right and left winding. Spiral springs are made of round wire. The surface of the spring wire is made of a material with a high coefficient of friction, such as rubber. The intensifier is mounted on threaded posts. The racks are mounted on the potato digger frame and fastened with nuts. The shaft of the intensifier is mounted on bearings mounted to the rack. Depending on the size of the soil lumps and the moisture of the buried tuberiferous formation, the position of the intensifier on the rack, that is, the distance between the springs and the rods of the cascade elevator, can be changed.

Before starting the potato digger, depending on the type and condition of the soil, the minimum distance from the intensifier to the cascade bar elevator is set by screwing the nut on the stand.

When moving soil lumps and potato tubers with a bar elevator in the area of the intensifier, spiral compression springs made with right and left windings with a gap between the turns act on soil lumps and potato tubers. Potato tubers and soil lumps under the influence of springs move to the middle of the cascade bar elevator. In this case, the soil lumps are destroyed, and the soil is sifted between the bars of the elevator. Potato tubers are peeled from the soil by coil springs, moved to the middle of the cascade bar elevator, and then to the soil without rolling behind the potato digger, forming a roll.

Known potato digger has disadvantages.

The intensifier is made in the form of a drive shaft with flanges. During the operation of the known potato digger, the potato is moved by spiral springs into the middle of the bar elevator, but at the same time it is partially unloaded in front of the drive shaft of the intensifier.

The objective of the technical solution is to strengthen the destructive effect of the intensifier on soil lumps and prevent the unloading of potatoes on a cascade bar elevator between coil springs.

The technical solution consists in the fact that the destructive effect of the intensifier on the soil lumps is carried out by ensuring the vibrational rotation of the coil springs.

The technical solution is achieved by the fact that a potato digger containing a ploughshare, high-speed, main and cascade bar elevators, running and support wheels, a screw mechanism for regulating the depth of undermining of the tuberous layer, elliptical sprockets and installed in the direction of movement of the heap, an intensifier in the form of spiral springs wound with a clearance between turns with right and left windings made of round wire, the surfaces of which are made of material with a high coefficient of friction, for example p rubber, and spiral springs are fixed on the drums, inside of which spiral flat springs are fixed on the shafts.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed potato digger meets the criterion of "novelty", because provides an additional destructive effect of the intensifier on soil lumps by creating an oscillatory rotational movement of spiral springs, while the technical solution of the inventive potato digger differs from the prototype.

1. The coil springs are attached to the drums.

2. Inside the drums, spiral flat springs are installed.

3. Spiral flat springs are fixed to drive shafts and drums.

To enhance the destructive effect on soil lumps and improve soil separation, to clean the potato tubers of adhering soil, the intensifier mounted above the cascade bar elevator is equipped with spiral springs, which during oscillation receive vibrational movement.

To create a rotational and oscillatory effect on soil lumps and potato tubers, spiral compression springs are fixed to the drums.

The vibrational effect of spiral springs made of round wire is carried out by spiral flat springs. For this, spiral flat springs are fixed to the drive shafts and drums.

Identified signs of a technical solution of the proposed potato digger allow us to conclude that the technical solution meets the criterion of "significant differences".

The set of essential features characterizing the essence of the utility model can be repeatedly used in the design of potato harvesters. The functionality of the potato digger and the field of application are expanding, that is, potatoes can be harvested not only on light but also on heavy soils with a moisture content of more than 27%. Thus, we can conclude that the criterion of "Industrial applicability".

The inventive potato digger is illustrated by drawing material.

In FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a potato harvester, side view; in FIG. 2 - the same, top view; in FIG. 3 - kinematic diagram of the movement of a cascade bar elevator and intensifier; in FIG. 4 - shows the drive shaft of the intensifier; in FIG. 5 - mount intensifier on the frame, side view; in FIG. 6 is a section AA in FIG. four.

The potato digger is equipped with plowshares 1 and 2, speed 3, main 4 and cascade 5 bar elevators, chassis 6 and supporting 7 wheels. The depth of the plowshares 1 and 2 to 25 cm is regulated by a screw mechanism 8. Bar elevators 3, 4 and 5, designed to move and grind the tuberous layer, separate the soil from the tubers and screen the soil, are located one after another with a height difference. They are lattice cloths with a closed loop, the upper (working) branches of which move from plowshares 1 and 2 to the exit. The upper branch during movement is shaken by elliptical stars 9. Above the upper (working) branch of the cascade bar elevator 5 on the frame 10 (Fig. 5), an intensifier 11 is installed. The intensifier 11 is installed above the cascade bar elevator 5 with the possibility of changing the distance between it and the elevator bars 5. The intensifier 11 is made in the form of drive shafts 12 and 13. The shafts 12 and 13 receive rotation by sprockets 14 and 15 from the shaft of the cascade bar elevator 5. The shafts 12 and 13 rotate on bearings 17 and 18. Spiral plates are fixed to each shaft 12 and 13 oskie springs 19, in which the second end is fixed to the drum 20 and 21. On the drums 20 and 21 are fixed compression coil springs 22 and 23. The coil springs 22 and 23 are wound with a gap between the turns. The coil springs 22 and 23 are made with right and left coiling. The coil springs 22 and 23 are made of round wire. The wire surface of the springs 22 and 23 is made of a material with a high coefficient of friction, such as rubber. The intensifier 11 is mounted on racks 24 (Fig. 5) having a thread. Each rack 24 is mounted on the frame 10 of the potato digger and fastened with nuts 25. Each shaft 12 and 13 of the intensifier 11 is mounted on bearings 17 and 18 fixed to the racks 24. Racks 24 are threaded. By screwing the strut 24 into the threaded part, it is possible to change the distance between the intensifier 11 and the cascade bar elevator 5. Depending on the size of the soil lumps and the moisture of the buried tuberous formation, the position of the intensifier 11 on the strut 24, i.e. the distance between the springs 22 and 23 and the cascade elevator rods 5 it is possible to change.

Before starting the potato digger, depending on the type and condition of the soil, the minimum distance from the intensifier 11 to the cascade bar elevator 5 is established by screwing the nut 25 on the rack 24.

Potato digger works as follows.

When the potato digger moves along the rows to be harvested, the tuberous layers dug up by plowshares 1 and 2 go to the high-speed bar elevator 3. Due to the fact that the speed of the bars of the high-speed bar elevator 3 is greater than the speed of the potato harvester itself, the tuberous layer is torn into pieces and tuberous soil. The tuberous soil with soil lumps moves to the main bar elevator 4. The plow depth of 1 and 2 to 25 cm is regulated by a screw mechanism 8 by changing the position of the support wheel 7. The tuberous layer, moving the high-speed bar elevator 3 to the main bar elevator 4, and then to the cascade bar elevator 5, further crushed. Shallow soil is sifted between the bars of the elevators. Undisturbed soil lumps and plant debris, as well as stolons, go from the high-speed bar elevator 3 to the main bar elevator 4. The upper branch of the main bar elevator 4 is shaken by elliptical stars when moving 9. The soil clods are crushed and the soil is sifted through the separating surface of the main bar elevator 4 Potato tubers and non-destroyed soil lumps move to the cascade bar elevator 5. When moving soil lumps and potato tubers in the location zone intensifier 11 spiral compression springs 22 and 23, made with right and left winding with a gap between the turns act on soil lumps and tubers of potatoes. Potato tubers and soil lumps under the influence of springs 22 and 23 move to the middle of the cascade bar elevator 5. At the same time, the soil lumps are destroyed and the soil is sifted between the bars of the cascade elevator 5. The potato tubers are cleared of soil by spiral springs 22 and 23, move to the middle of the cascade bar elevator 5, and then onto the soil without rolling behind the potato digger, forming a roll.

Spiral springs 22 and 23 made of round wire provide grinding of soil lumps, separation of stolons from potato tubers. Under the influence of spiral flat springs 19, spiral compression springs 22 and 23 make oscillatory rotational movements and at the same time more intensively affect soil lumps and potato tubers, destroy soil lumps, tear off stolons from tubers and as a result, intensive soil separation occurs on a cascade bar elevator 5.

When the potato harvester is working on light soils, as well as on heavy soils with a moisture content of up to 27%, the intensifier 11 is installed with the ability to change the distance between it and the rods of the cascade bar elevator 5. The distance between the rods of the cascade bar elevator 5 and coil springs 22 and 23, mounted on shafts 12 and 13 of the intensifier 11 are changed by nuts 25, which are screwed or unscrewed on the rack 24.

The use of a potato digger with the inventive intensifier equipped with spiral flat springs allows rotational vibrational rotation of the spiral springs and thereby qualitatively improves the grinding of soil lumps, adhering soil on tubers, separation of the stolons from tubers and laying the potatoes behind the potato digger in a roll.

Claims (1)

A potato digger containing a ploughshare, high-speed, main and cascade bar elevators, running and supporting wheels, a screw mechanism for regulating the depth of digging of the tuberous layer, elliptical sprockets and an intensifier installed in the direction of the heap in the form of spiral springs wound with a gap between the turns from the right and left winding made of round wire, the surface of which is made of a material with a high coefficient of friction, for example rubber, characterized in that it is spiral a spring mounted on the drums inside which are fixed on the shafts and the spiral flat spring.

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