RU195156U1 - Potato digger - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for harvesting potatoes. A potato digger contains digging plowshares, high-speed, main and cascading separating bar elevators, support and running wheels, a cultivator mounted above the plowshares, made in the form of a rotating shaft on which conical bar stocks are mounted rollers made with hubs. The hubs are mounted on a rotating shaft above the middle of the shares. One end is fixed to the hubs at an angle α to the axis of rotation of the shaft of the cultivator of the rod. A rotating cultivator made in the form of a rotating shaft on which the hubs are mounted, and to the hubs of the bar at an angle α to the axis of the shaft, it is possible not only to grind the soil crust of the tuberous layer, as well as prevent winding of plant residues, weed roots and potatoes onto the bars of the cultivator.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for harvesting potatoes.

Known elevator semi-mounted potato digger KST-1.4, equipped with active plowshares, high-speed, main and cascade elevators, supporting and running wheels. The depth of the plowshares is regulated by a screw mechanism. Elevators are located one after another with a height difference and are designed to move and grind the tuberous stratum, to separate the soil from tubers and to screen it. Bar elevators are lattice cloths with a closed circuit, the upper (working) branches of which move from plowshares to the exit. The upper branch is shaken by elliptical stars during movement. The plowshares are mounted on suspensions pivotally connected to the frame and oscillate with connecting rods with an amplitude of 14 mm and a frequency of 8.3; 9.4; 10.5 s ^-1 . The frequency of oscillation of the shares is regulated by replacing the sprockets on the gearbox shaft. The oscillating plowshares crumble well and reduce the traction resistance of the digger. The folding fingers mounted on the plowshares form a grid for sifting the soil and prevent stones from jamming between the plowshare and the elevator. The elevator canvas is formed by rods, the ends of which are embedded in chain links. The adjacent bars of the high-speed elevator are connected by trims and bent in opposite directions, forming pockets that prevent the tubers from rolling. The cascade elevator rods are covered with rubber, which protects the tubers from damage. The canvas of the first elevator moves with greater speed than the potato digger. Therefore, the layer entering it is pulled apart and intensively crushed, which facilitates the isolation of tubers. The layer, moving from one elevator to another, falls and is further crushed. Fine soil is sifted between the rods, and tubers, not destroyed lumps and tops, go from the cascade elevator to the swath. The width of the roll is adjusted by turning the flap. The well-known elevator semi-mounted potato digger KST-1.4 is taken as the base machine. (Khalansky V.M., Gorbachev I.V. Agricultural machines. - M .: KolosS, 2004. - 624 pp., Ill. - (Textbooks and textbooks. Manuals for students of higher educational institutions)).

Known semi-mounted elevator potato digger KST-1.4 has disadvantages.

The low efficiency of separation of the tuberous stratum on rod elevators of the potato digger, since the tuberous seam moves to the high-speed bar elevator, where due to the fact that the speed of the high-speed bar elevator is greater than the speed of the potato digger, the tuberous seam is torn longitudinally into soil pieces, and soil lumps bar elevator is not crushed. As a result, a large number of soil lumps enter the separating bar elevators (main and cascade) along with tubers. It is difficult to separate the tubers from the soil lumps, and it is not possible to grind the soil lumps, as there are no additional working bodies above the bar elevators that could grind the soil lumps.

Known potato harvesting machine, which contains a digging active ploughshare and a separating device in the form of a spiral spring. Between the share and the spiral separator parallel to the rear edge of the share, a freely rotating bar roller is mounted, fixed with the share on one base. The rotation of the rod roller is provided by a tuberous layer moving along the share. The destructive effect on the tuberous stratum of the soil is enhanced, the separation is improved and the loss of tubers is reduced (RF patent No. 2286041, IPC A01D 17/00, filed January 11, 2005, published October 27, 2006).

The famous potato harvester is taken as an analogue.

The layer, undermined by the share, loosening as a result of the oscillations of the share, enters the rod roller, which also oscillates, and causes it to rotate. In contact with the bars of the roller, the soil is additionally destroyed and partially sifted between the bars. The loosened mass enters a rotating spiral separator, which is driven by the tractor PTO shaft and is moved by spiral turns from the center of the row to the sides, while the soil is sifted and the tubers remain on the surface of the ridge.

Known potato harvesting machine has disadvantages. The bar roller of the famous potato harvester is installed passive. In this case, the tuberous layer, cut by the ploughshare, moves along the ploughshare and drives the rod roller. The soil is partially sifted between the bars of the roller. Depending on the type of state of the tuberous layer, as well as due to the presence of plant debris and root system, both potatoes and weeds, the tuberous soil is unloaded on the ploughshare, since the bar roller is installed passively on one ploughshare base.

On a rotating spiral separator, the remains of the plant mass are wound, as well as the roots of weeds and potatoes.

In addition, the well-known potato harvester is designed for digging potatoes of one row of potatoes. It can work in small areas, and on light soils. In large areas of loamy and heavy soils with a moisture content of up to 27%, a freely rotating rod roller and a spiral separator are clearly not enough to destroy the soil layer. Even the KST-1.4 elevator semi-mounted potato digger, designed for digging potatoes on heavy soils with a moisture content of up to 27%, equipped with active plowshares and three bar elevators, does not allow to crush soil lumps and separate the soil through bar elevators.

Known potato digger containing digging plowshares, high-speed, main and cascading separating bar elevators, support and running wheels, mounted cultivator above the plowshares. The cultivator is made in the form of a rotating shaft on which conical bar rollers are fixed, connected by smaller bases above the middle of the shares, and by large bases between the shares. The rods are fixed on the hubs at an angle α to the axis of rotation of the shaft of the cultivator. The cultivator itself is installed with the possibility of changing the distance between it and the plowshares, as well as with the possibility of changing the speed of the cultivator. (Decision on the grant of a patent for the utility model “Potato digger” No. 2018118650 dated 04.09.2018 IPC A01D 17/22 dated 04.09.2018).

In the well-known potato digger above the plowshares, a cultivator of the soil crust of the tuberous layer is installed, made in the form of a rotating shaft on which the hubs are fixed. The rods are fixed to the hubs with the formation of conical rod rollers. Conical bar rollers are interconnected by smaller bases above the middle of the plowshares. The conical bar rollers are interconnected by large bases between the shares, that is, above the furrows of the tuberous strata.

The rods of the conical bar rollers are fixed on the hubs at an angle to the axis of the shaft of the cultivator.

During the work of the well-known potato digger selected for the prototype dug by plowshares, each tuberous layer moves to the bar elevator and is exposed to a rotating cultivator made in the form of a drive shaft on which the hubs are fixed, and the rods are fixed to the hubs with the formation of conical bar rollers. Rotating conical bar rollers crush the soil crust and soil lumps transported by the tuberous strata along the plowshares.

The rods of conical bar rollers, mounted on the hubs at an angle α to the axis of the cultivator shaft, move the soil of the crushed soil crust between the plowshares and as a result, the part of the soil in which there are no potato tubers does not enter the high-speed bar elevator.

However, part of the plant debris, as well as the roots of weeds and potatoes glide along the rods of the conical rod rollers. Moreover, the rods are fixed on the hubs at an angle to the axis of the shaft of the cultivator. The rods are fixed between the hubs. The remains of the plant mass, the roots of weeds and potatoes are shifted to the hubs of larger diameter. At the same time, the known rod cultivator is clogged with parts of plant mass, weed and potato roots.

The task to which the technical solution is directed is to improve the quality of grinding the soil crust of the tuberous stratum with a rotating cultivator.

The technical result consists in the fact that improving the quality of grinding the soil peel of the tuberous bed with a rotary cultivator is carried out by preventing the winding of plant mass, weed roots and potatoes from the rods of a conical rod roller.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a potato digger containing digging plowshares, high-speed, main and cascading separating bar elevators, support and running wheels, a cultivator mounted above the plowshares, made in the form of a rotating shaft, on which conical bar-rollers made with hubs are fixed, and the hubs mounted on a rotating shaft above the middle of the shares, and to the hubs fixed at an angle α to the axis of rotation of the shaft of the cultivator rods at one end.

Compared analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty", as it differs from the prototype.

1. The hubs are mounted on a rotating shaft above the middle of the shares.

2. To the hubs are fixed at an angle α to the axis of rotation of the shaft of the cultivator rods at one end.

The potato digger is designed for harvesting potatoes on light and heavy soils with a moisture content of up to 27%, cultivated on a flat surface, as well as on previously cut ridges and ridges.

Before harvesting the potatoes, the crop mass (potato tops, weeds) is mowed and chopped by the BD-4 water chipper or the KIR-1.5 mower. According to agrotechnical requirements, the crop should be mowed up to 80%. However, the agrotechnical requirements for harvesting the crop before digging potatoes are not maintained.

Before digging potatoes on top of the ridges, a soil crust is formed, which depends on the type and condition of the soil, and a part of the plant mass remains on the lateral surfaces of the ridges, and also between the ridges. The tuberous layer of the soil contains not only potato tubers, but also weed and potato roots.

To grind the soil crust, soil lumps of tuberous strata cut by plowshares and moved to the high-speed bar elevator, a bar roller is installed between the plowshares and the high-speed bar elevator. The bar roller is mounted rotating. A bar skating rink installed between the shares and a high-speed bar elevator rotating allows you to grind the soil crust of the tuberous layer. At the same time, part of the soil is sifted through a bar skating rink. This reduces the amount of soil transported to bar elevators.

Some plant residues, weed and potato roots are shifted along rods fixed at an angle α to the axis of the shaft of the rotating cultivator, and wound on rods.

To prevent winding of plant mass, weed roots and potatoes on the cultivator, the rods are fixed to the hubs mounted on a rotating shaft above the middle of the shares.

To prevent winding up the remains of the plant mass, weed roots and potatoes on the cultivator to the hubs, the rods are fixed at an angle α to the axis of rotation of the shaft of the cultivator at one end. When the cultivator rotates, the remains of the plant mass, weed and potato roots slide and move along the rods, and then go off the rods between the shares in the furrow.

As a result, the tuberous stratum is crushed with a cultivator, separated from the remains of the plant mass, weed and potato roots. The tuberous soil moves to a high-speed bar elevator, which is not loaded with the remains of plant mass and roots of weeds and potatoes. As a result, the soil is sifted out better.

When digging up a tuberous ridge with a potato digger share, the lateral surfaces of the ridge are located at an angle of natural slope of the soil ϕ (Fig. 6).

When moving the tuberous ridge 20 on the share 2, the soil from the sides of the ridge is poured. In this case, the rods 13 of the conical roller prevent rolling of the tubers and the components of the tuberous ridge into a ploughshare. At the same time, the rods 13 act on the soil-like tuber-like ridge, grind it and facilitate the sifting of small particles through small gaps.

To ensure the coverage of the ridge, the angle of inclination of the rods to the axis of rotation α must meet the condition

α> ϕ,

where ϕ is the angle of natural slope of the soil

To ensure reliable crimping of the comb

α> ϕ + θ,

where θ is the angle of deformation of the bar.

The angle θ depends on the thickness, the shape of the cross section and the material of the rods

F - effort compression of the tuberous ridge, N;

- длина свободной части прутка, м;

- the length of the free part of the bar, m;

E - modulus of elasticity of the material of the rod, MPa;

Yx - moment of inertia of the cross section of the bar, m

The identified signs of a technical solution of the proposed potato digger allow us to conclude that the technical solution meets the criterion of "significant differences".

The technical solution of the potato digger is illustrated by drawing material.

In FIG. 1 shows a potato digger, side view; in FIG. 2 - the same, top view; in FIG. 3 - the position of the cultivator with the adjusting screw relative to the share; FIG. 4 - shows the fastening of the rods to the hubs with the formation of the angle α; in FIG. 5 is a section AA in FIG. 4; FIG. 6 - Layout of a conical bar roller above the ridge to justify the angle α.

The potato digger contains a frame (frame not shown), a support wheel 1, oscillating shares 2 and 3, high-speed 4, main 5 and cascade 6 elevators, running wheels 7. Above the shares 2 and 3 there is a cultivator 8 with an adjusting screw 9. A cultivator 8 of soil crust the tuberous layer, made in the form of a rotating shaft 10, on which the hubs 11 and 12 are fixed. The rods 13 are fixed to the hubs 11 and 12 with the formation of conical rod rollers 14 and 15. The conical rod rollers 14 and 15 are mounted on the rotating shaft 10 above the middle of the shares 2 and 3, that is, over the ridges and pruned tuberous strata.

The rods 13 of the conical bar rollers 14 and 15 are mounted on the hubs 11 and 12 at an angle α to the axis of the shaft 10 (Fig. 4). To maintain the angle α, the rods 13 together with the fastening to the hub 10 and 11 have, for example, a square section (Fig. 5).

Depending on the type, condition of the soil, and also the height of the digging tuberous ridges, the cultivator 8, made in the form of a shaft 10, on which the conic bar rollers 14 and 15 are mounted, is installed with the possibility of changing the distance between the cultivator 8 and the plowshares 2 and 3. Changing the distance between the cultivator 8 is carried out by adjusting screws 9.

The cultivator 8 of soil lumps and soil crust, made in the form of conical rod rollers 14 and 15, is installed with the possibility of changing the speed of rotation. To do this, a drive sprocket is installed on the shaft 10. The shaft 10 receives the drive from the sprocket 17 mounted on the shaft 18 of the high-speed bar elevator 4 with a chain gear 19. To change the rotation speed of the cultivator 8 with fixed conical bar rollers 14 and 15, the potato digger is equipped with asterisks 16 with different number of teeth. The distance between the ripper 8 and the shares 2 and 3 is changed by the adjusting screw 9.

Potato digger works as follows.

The tuberous layer (comb), dug up by shares 2 and 3, is moved to the bar elevator 4 and is exposed to a rotating cultivator 8, made in the form of a drive shaft 10, on which the hubs 11 and 12 are fixed. The bars 13 are fixed to the hubs 11 and 12 with the formation of tapered bar rollers 14 and 15. Rotating conical rod rollers 14 and 15 crush the soil crust and soil lumps, moved tuberous strata (ridges) 20 on plowshares 2 and 3.

The rods 13 of the conical roller rollers 14 and 15, mounted on the hubs 11 and 12 at an angle α to the axis of the shaft 10 of the cultivator 8, move the soil of the crushed soil crust of the tuberous layer between the plowshares 2 and 3 and as a result the part of the soil in which there are no potato tubers does not enters the high-speed bar elevator 4.

The remains of the plant mass, the roots of weeds and potatoes are also cut by plowshares 2 and 3 are moved to the cultivator 8. The bars 13 of the cultivator affect not only the tuberous layer, but also on the plant residues and roots of the weeds. At the same time, part of the plant residues, weed and potato roots move (slide) along the rods 13, since they are fixed motionless to the hubs 11 and 12 at an angle α to the axis of the shaft 10 and move along the rods 13 between the shares 2 and 3 to the soil between the ridges.

At the same time, part of the plant residues, weed and potato roots are not wound on the rods 13 of the rod rollers 14 and 15. The rod rollers 14 and 15, with the rods 13 fixed to the hubs 11 and 12, prevent the movement of plant residues, weed roots and potatoes to the high-speed rod elevator 4. As a result, the process of sifting the soil between the bars of high-speed 4, main 5 and cascade 6 elevators is better ensured.

Depending on the cultivation technology, type and condition of the soil, the height of the comb formation is different. In order for the cultivator 8 in the form of conical rod rollers 14 and 15 to crush the soil crust, the position of the shaft 10 relative to the shares 2 and 3 is changed by the adjusting screw 9.

A rotating cultivator made in the form of a rotating shaft, on which the hubs are fixed, and to the hubs of the rod at an angle α to the axis of the shaft allows not only grinding the soil crust of the tuberous layer 20, but also preventing winding of plant residues, weed roots and potatoes onto the bars of the cultivator.

Claims (1)

A potato digger containing digging plowshares, high-speed, main and cascading separating bar elevators, supporting and running wheels, a cultivator mounted in the form of a rotating shaft mounted on the plowshares, on which tapered bar rollers made with hubs are mounted, characterized in that the hubs are mounted on a rotating the shaft above the middle of the shares, and to the hubs are fixed at an angle α to the axis of rotation of the shaft of the cultivator rods at one end.

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