RU204524U1 - POTATO DIGGER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for harvesting potatoes. The potato digger contains undermining oscillating shares, high-speed, main and cascade separating bar elevators, support and running wheels, a tuber layer ripper made in the form of an eccentric rotating shaft mounted above plowshares. An additional ripper is installed above the eccentric shaft, made in the form of a rotating hollow shaft of triangular section.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for harvesting potatoes.

Known elevator semi-mounted potato digger KST-1.4, equipped with active plowshares, high-speed, main and cascade elevators, running and supporting wheels. The depth of stroke of the plowshares is regulated by a screw mechanism. Elevators are located one after another with a difference in height and are designed to move and crush the tuberous layer, separate the soil from the tubers and screen it out. Bar elevators are closed-loop lattice sheets, the upper (working) branches of which move from the plowshares to the outlet. The upper branch is shaken when moving with elliptical stars. The plowshares are fixed on suspensions, pivotally connected to the frame, and oscillate by connecting rods with an amplitude of 14 mm and a frequency of 8.3; 9.4; 10.5 s ^-1 . The vibration frequency of the plowshares is regulated by replacing the sprockets on the gearbox shaft. Oscillating plowshares crumble the layer, plowshares less stick to the soil, exclude unloading of the soil in front of the elevator, and reduce the traction resistance of the digger. Swiveling tines mounted on the plowshares form a grid for sifting the soil and prevent stones from jamming between the plowshare and the elevator. The elevator web is formed by rods, the ends of which are embedded in the chain links. Adjacent rods of the high-speed elevator are connected by strips and bent in opposite directions, forming pockets that prevent tubers from rolling. The rods of the cascade elevator are covered with rubber, which protects the tubers from damage. The bed of the first elevator moves at a higher speed than the potato digger. Therefore, the layer entering it is pulled apart and intensively crushed, which facilitates the release of tubers. The layer, passing from one elevator to another, falls and is additionally crushed. The fine soil is sifted between the rods, and the potato tubers, not destroyed lumps and plant residues, come off the cascade elevator and form a swath on the soil behind the potato digger. The width of the roll is adjusted by turning the flap (Khalansky V.M., Gorbachev I.V. Agricultural machines. - M .: KolosS, 2004. - 624 s: ill. - (Textbooks and textbooks for students of higher educational institutions) ...

The known semi-mounted elevator potato digger KST-1.4 has disadvantages.

The low efficiency of separation of the tuberous layer on the potato digger bar elevators is explained by the fact that the tuberous layer moves to the high-speed bar elevator, where, due to the fact that the speed of the high-speed bar elevator is higher than the speed of the potato digger, the tuberous layer is torn in the longitudinal direction into soil lumps, and high-speed bar elevator are not shredded. As a result, a large amount of soil clods along with the tubers enter the separating bar elevators (main and cascade). Separating tubers from soil lumps is difficult, and it is not possible to grind the soil lumps as there are no additional working bodies above the bar elevators that could grind the soil lumps.

Also known is a potato digger, containing undercut plowshares, high-speed, main and cascade separating bar elevators, support and running wheels. Above the plowshares, a tuber-bearing layer ripper is installed, made in the form of an eccentric rotating shaft with the ability to change the rotation speed and the distance between it and the plowshares (patent for a useful model of the Russian Federation No. 185127 IPC A01D 33/08, declared 04/19/2018, published: 11/22/2018 Bulletin No. 33).

The potato digger is used on light and heavy soils for harvesting potatoes cultivated on a flat surface, as well as on pre-cut ridges. Before harvesting, a soil crust forms on top of the ridges, which depends on the type and condition of the soil. In the high-speed bar elevator, the soil crust is torn into pieces of soil and soil lumps, which are not sifted through the main and cascade bar elevators.

To crush the tuberous layers, which cut the plowshares and which move to the high-speed bar elevator, a tuberous layer ripper is installed above the plowshares, made in the form of an eccentric rotating shaft. The rotating shaft is located above the shares across the movement of the machine. The shaft rotation speed is greater than the speed of the high-speed bar elevator. The rotating eccentric shaft destroys the tuberous layer, which is transported along the plowshares to the bar elevator.

The rotating eccentric shaft not only destroys the tuberous layer, but also prevents the tuberous soil from dumping in front of the high-speed bar elevator.

The known potato digger has disadvantages.

However, the eccentric rotating shaft does not allow crumbling the soil crust, which is located on top of the tuber ridge that is cut and moved along the plowshares to the bar elevator. When the soil crust is destroyed, soil lumps are formed, which move along the bar elevators and fall into the swath together with the potato tubers.

The task to be solved by the technical solution is to improve the quality of soil separation by bar elevators during the operation of a potato digger.

The technical result consists in the fact that the improvement of the quality of soil separation by bar elevators is carried out by an additional ripper, which makes it possible to grind the soil crust of the tuber ridge, which is moved from the plowshares to the bar elevator.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that a potato digger containing undercutting plowshares, high-speed, main and cascade separating bar elevators, support and running wheels, a tuber-bearing layer ripper is installed above the plowshares, made in the form of a rotating eccentric shaft with the ability to change its rotation speed and the distance between it and plowshares, and an additional ripper is installed above the eccentric shaft, made in the form of a hollow shaft of triangular section.

Compared analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty", as it differs from the prototype.

1. Above the eccentric shaft, an additional ripper is installed, made in the form of a rotating hollow shaft of triangular section.

The potato digger is used on light and heavy soils for harvesting potatoes cultivated on a flat surface, as well as on pre-cut ridges. Therefore, the plowshares of the potato digger cut the tuberous layer with different depths, which depends on the depth of the lower tubers. Before harvesting, a soil crust forms on top of the ridges, which depends on the type, moisture and condition of the soil. On the high-speed bar elevator, the soil crust is torn into pieces of soil and soil lumps, which must be crushed on the main and cascade bar elevators, sifting the crushed soil between the bars.

To crush the soil crust of the tuberous layers, which cut the plowshares and move to the high-speed bar elevator, a tuberous layer ripper is installed above the rotating eccentric shaft, made in the form of a rotating hollow shaft of triangular section. The rotating hollow shaft of triangular cross section is located above the plowshares across the movement of the machine. The rotation speed of the triangular hollow shaft is greater than the speed of the high-speed bar elevator. The rotating hollow shaft, triangular section, crushes the soil crust and soil lumps of the tuberous layer.

Since the potato digger digs into potatoes on light and heavy soils, in addition, when cultivating potatoes on a flat surface, as well as on ridges with different row spacings (70, 75, 90 cm, etc.), a rotating hollow shaft of triangular section is installed with the ability to change the speed rotation.

The rotating hollow shaft of triangular cross-section, not only crushes the soil crust, but also prevents the tuberous soil from dumping in front of the high-speed bar elevator.

The revealed signs of the technical solution of the claimed potato digger allow us to conclude that the technical solution meets the criterion of "significant differences".

The technical solution of the potato digger is illustrated by drawing material.

FIG. 1 shows a potato digger, side view; in fig. 2 - the same, top view; in fig. 3 - View A in Fig. 2, rippers of the tuberous layer; in fig. 4 - View B in Fig. 3; in fig. 5 section a-a in Fig. 3.

The potato digger contains a frame (not shown), a support wheel 1, plowshares 2 and 3, high-speed 4, main 5 and cascade elevators 6, running wheels 7. Above the rear part of the plowshares 2 and 3, a ripper 8 of the tuberous layer is installed. The ripper 8 of the tuberous layer is made in the form of a rotating eccentric shaft 9. To obtain rotation, the eccentric shaft 9 has an asterisk 10. The drive of the eccentric shaft 9 is made from the sprocket 11 of the shaft of the bar elevator 4 by a chain drive 12.

To change the speed of rotation of the eccentric shaft 9, the potato digger is equipped with sprockets with a different number of teeth.

The position of the rotating eccentric shaft 9 relative to the plowshares 2 and 3 does not change.

Above the ripper 8 of the tuberous layer made in the form of a rotating eccentric shaft 9, an additional ripper 13 is installed, made in the form of a rotating hollow shaft of triangular section. Additional ripper 13 is designed to crush the soil crust of tuberous layers, cut by plowshares 2, 3 and moved to the high-speed bar elevator 4.

Depending on the type, condition of the soil, as well as the parameters of the undermining tuberous ridges, an additional ripper 13, made in the form of a rotating hollow shaft of triangular section, is installed with the possibility of changing the distance between it and the ripper of tuberous layers 8. Changing the distance between the ripper 8 of tuberous layers made in the form the eccentric shaft 9 and the ripper 13 of the soil crust of the tuberous layers is carried out by adjusting screws 14.

Rotation of the ripper 13, made in the form of a hollow shaft of triangular cross-section, is carried out from the sprocket 15, fixed on the shaft 9, and by the chain drive 16 to the sprocket 17, fixed on the shaft of the ripper 13.

Since the potato digger digs in potatoes on light and heavy soils, in addition, when cultivating potatoes on a flat surface, as well as on ridges with different row spacings (70, 75, 90 cm, etc.), a rotating hollow shaft of triangular section is installed with the ability to change the rotation speed ...

The potato digger works as follows.

The tuberous layer dug by the plowshares 2 and 3 moves to the bar elevator 4 and is exposed to the rotating ripper 8 of the tuberous layers made in the form of an eccentric shaft 9. This causes the destruction of the tuberous layer.

The tuberous layer, moved along the plowshares 2 and 3 to the high-speed bar elevator 4, is simultaneously exposed to the ripper 13, made in the form of a rotating hollow shaft of triangular section. Under the influence of the ripper 13, the soil crust on the surface of the tuberous layer is destroyed.

The ripper 8 in the form of an eccentric shaft 9 destroys the tuberous layer, and the ripper 13 in the form of a hollow triangular shaft destroys the soil crust of the tuberous layers. In addition, the ripper 13 in the form of a hollow shaft of triangular cross-section prevents the tuberous soil from being unloaded in front of the high-speed bar elevator.

During the operation of the declared potato digger, the tuberous layer is not only destroyed, but also the soil crust and soil lumps are destroyed. At the same time, an improvement in the quality of soil separation by bar elevators is ensured, as the destroyed tuberous layer with a crushed soil crust enters the bar elevators.

Claims (1)

A potato digger containing undermining oscillating plowshares, high-speed, main and cascade separating bar elevators, support and running wheels, a tuber-bearing layer ripper made in the form of an eccentric rotating shaft, installed above the rear part of the plowshares, characterized in that an additional one is installed above the eccentric shaft in the form of a rotating hollow shaft of triangular section.

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