RU185124U1 - POTATO digger - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for harvesting potatoes.

The potato digger contains digging plowshares, high-speed, main and cascading separating bar elevators, support and running wheels. Above the plowshares, a cultivator of the soil crust of the tuberous layer, made in the form of a rotating shaft, is installed. Conical spiral springs with opposite windings are fixed to the shaft, connected to each other by smaller bases above the middle of the shares, and by large bases between the shares. The cultivator is installed with the ability to change the distance between the conical coil springs and shares.

The rotating cultivator, made in the form of a shaft on which conical coil springs are fixed, allows you to grind the soil crust of the tuberous layer and unload the bar elevators from non-tuberous soil and thereby improve the quality of soil separation by bar-shaped elevators, since tuberous bar comes from the plowshares without tuber soil crust.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for harvesting potatoes.

Known elevator semi-mounted potato digger KST-1.4, equipped with active plowshares, high-speed, main and cascade elevators, running and supporting wheels. The depth of the plowshares is regulated by a screw mechanism. Elevators are located one after the other with a height difference and are designed to move and grind the tuberous stratum, to separate the soil from tubers and to screen it. Bar elevators are lattice cloths with a closed circuit, the upper (working) branches of which move from plowshares to the exit. The upper branch is shaken by elliptical stars during movement. The plowshares are mounted on suspensions pivotally connected to the frame and oscillate by connecting rods with an amplitude of 14 mm and a frequency of 8.3; 9.4; 10.5 s ^-1 . The frequency of oscillation of the shares is regulated by replacing the sprockets on the gearbox shaft. The oscillating plowshares crumble the formation well, stick less to the soil, exclude soil unloading in front of the elevator, and reduce the traction resistance of the digger. The folding fingers mounted on the plowshares form a grid for sifting the soil and prevent stones from jamming between the plowshare and the elevator. The elevator canvas is formed by rods whose ends are embedded in chain links. The adjacent bars of the high-speed elevator are connected by trims and bent in opposite directions, forming pockets that prevent the tubers from rolling. The cascade elevator rods are coated with rubber, which protects the tubers from damage. The canvas of the first elevator moves at a faster speed than the potato digger. Therefore, the layer entering it is pulled apart and intensively crushed, which facilitates the isolation of tubers. The layer, moving from one elevator to another, falls and is further crushed. The shallow soil is sifted between the rods, and the tubers, the undamaged clods and tops, go from the cascade elevator to the swath. The width of the roll is adjusted by turning the flap (Khalansky V.M., Gorbachev I.V. )

Known semi-mounted elevator potato digger KST-1.4 has disadvantages.

The low efficiency of the separation of the tuberous layer on the bar elevators of the potato digger, since the tuber bearing moves to the high-speed bar elevator, where due to the fact that the speed of the high-speed bar elevator is higher than the speed of the potato digger, the tuberous layer is torn longitudinally into soil pieces, and soil lumps bar elevator is not crushed. As a result, a large number of soil lumps enter the separating bar elevators (main and cascade) along with tubers. It is difficult to separate the tubers from the soil lumps, and it is not possible to grind the soil lumps, since there are no additional working bodies above the bar elevators that could grind the soil lumps.

The task to which the technical solution is directed is to improve the quality of soil separation by bar elevators during the work of a potato digger.

The technical result is that improving the quality of soil separation by bar elevators is carried out by grinding the soil crust and soil lumps of the tuberous layer, cut by plowshares and transferred to the high-speed bar elevator with an additional cultivator.

The specified technical result is achieved in that a potato digger containing digging plowshares, high-speed, main and cascading separating bar elevators, support and running wheels, and above the plowshares a cultivator of the soil crust of the tuberous layer is made, made in the form of a rotating shaft on which conical coil springs with opposite windings connected to each other with smaller bases above the middle of the shares, and large bases between shares, and installed with the possibility of change the distance between the agitator and plowshares.

Compared analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty", as it differs from the prototype.

1. Above the plowshares, a cultivator of the soil crust of the tuberous layer is installed, made in the form of a rotating shaft on which conical spiral springs are fixed.

2. The conical coil springs are made with the opposite winding.

3. Conical coil springs made with opposite windings are connected to each other by smaller bases above the middle of the shares.

4. Conical spiral springs made with the opposite winding are connected by large bases between the digging shares.

5. Conical coil springs are installed above the shares with the possibility of changing the distance between them and shares.

The potato digger is used on light and heavy soils for harvesting potatoes cultivated on a flat surface, as well as on previously cut ridges and ridges. The potato digger plowshares cut the tuberous layer with different depths, which depends on the depth of the lower tubers and the cultivation technology, that is, potato tubers are planted on a flat surface, on pre-cut ridges or on ridges with 70, 75, 90 cm rows between rows. soil crust, which depends on the type and condition of the soil. At the high-speed bar elevator of the commercially produced KST-1.4 potato digger, adopted as an analog, the soil crust is torn into soil pieces and soil lumps that are not sifted through the bar elevators.

To grind the soil crust of the tuberous strata, which cut the plowshares moving to the high-speed bar elevator, a cultivator of the soil crust of the tuberous stratum is installed above the plowshares, made in the form of a rotating shaft on which conical coil springs are fixed.

By whatever technology potatoes are not cultivated, even, for example, on a flat surface, they almost always spud potatoes. The result is a crest tuberous layer.

Depending on the type and condition of the soil, the surface of the ridge tuberous bed, cut by plowshares, has a soil crust.

To increase the destructive effect on the soil crust of the comb tuberous bed, trimmed with plowshares, with the aim of feeding the tuberous bed with ground soil crust to improve the separation of the tuberous soil on bar elevators installed on the rotating shaft installed across the movement of the potato digger, conical spiral springs are installed.

Conical coil springs mounted on a rotating shaft grind the soil crust and soil lumps of the ridge tuberous formation.

During the work of the potato digger, conical spiral springs not only crush the soil crust, but also move the tuberous soil, in which there are no tubers, between the shares as they are made with the opposite winding.

Conical coil springs mounted on a rotating shaft not only crush the soil crust, but also move the soil between the shares, as they are made and connected by smaller bases above the middle of the shares and large bases between the shares.

At the same time, less tuberous soil that does not have potato tubers comes to the bar elevators.

Conical coil springs mounted on a rotating shaft not only crush the soil crust, but also prevent unloading of tuberous soil on the plowshares, since the speed of rotation of the springs is greater than the speed of the potato digger.

Since the depth of digging varies, depending on the depth of the lower tuber, and which depends on the type, soil properties and technology of potato cultivation (on a flat surface, ridges or ridges), conical coil springs are installed above the plowshares with the possibility of changing the distance between them and the plowshares . At the same time, no matter how high the crest is, in any case, a cultivator made in the form of conical coil springs will grind the soil crust of the ridge tuberous bed, cut by plowshares.

Since the potato digger digs the potatoes on light and heavy soils, the rotating shaft is mounted with the possibility of changing the rotation speed.

Identified signs of a technical solution of the proposed potato digger allow us to conclude that the technical solution meets the criterion of "significant differences".

The technical solution of the potato digger is illustrated by drawing material.

In FIG. 1 shows a potato digger, side view; in FIG. 2 - the same, top view.

The potato digger contains a frame (not shown), a support wheel 1, oscillating plowshares 2 and 3, high-speed 4, main 5 and cascade 6 elevators, running wheels 7. Above the plowshares 2 and 3, a cultivator of the soil crust of the tuberous layer is made in the form of a rotating shaft 8 on which the conical coil springs 9, 10, 11 and 12 are fixed. The conical coil springs 9 and 10, 11 and 12 are made with the opposite winding. During the operation of the inventive potato digger, the rotating conical spiral springs mounted on the shaft 8 not only crush the soil crust, but also move the soil of the crushed soil crust from the lateral surface of the ridge formation to the row spacings, that is, between the ridges. As a result, less soil enters the separating surface of the bar elevators 4, 5 and 6. An asterisk 13 is mounted on the shaft 8. The drive shaft 8, on which the conical coil springs 9, 10, 11 and 12 are mounted, receives an asterisk 15 from the shaft 14 of the high-speed bar elevator 4. The chain drive 15 is mounted. The drive from the shaft 14 to the shaft 8 is transmitted by a chain transmission 16.

To change the speed of rotation of the shaft 8 with fixed conical coil springs 9, 10, 11 and 12, the potato digger is equipped with asterisks 13 with a different number of teeth.

Depending on the type, condition of the soil, as well as the height of the digging tuberous ridges, a cultivator made in the form of a shaft 8, on which conical coil springs 9, 10, 11 and 12 are fixed, is installed with the possibility of changing the distance between it and the shares 2 and 3. Changing the distance between the conical coil springs is carried out by adjusting screws 17.

Potato digger works as follows.

Undermined by shares 2 and tuberous layer moves to the bar elevator 4 and is exposed to a rotating cultivator made in the form of a shaft 8, on which conical spiral springs 9 and 10, 11 and 12 are fixed. Conical spiral springs 9 and 10, 11 and 12 crush the soil crust comb layer, the soil of the crushed soil crust is moved between the rows. For this, the conical coil springs 9 and 10, 11 and 12 are made and installed with the opposite winding and connected to each other by smaller bases above the middle of the shares 2 and 3, that is, above the tops of the ridges and large bases between the digging shares, that is, between the rows.

In this case, the destruction of the soil crust and soil lumps located on the surface of the tuberous layer occurs.

Depending on the cultivation technology, type and condition of the soil, the height of the comb formation is different. In order for the cultivator in the form of conical spiral springs to crush the soil crust, the shaft 8 is installed with the possibility of changing the distance between the shares and the conical spiral springs.

The rotary cultivator, made in the form of a shaft on which conical coil springs are fixed, allows you to grind the soil crust of the tuberous layer and unload the bar elevators from non-tuberous soil and thereby improve the quality of soil separation by bar elevators, since tuberous bar comes from the plowshares without the tuber soil crust.

Claims (1)

A potato digger containing digging plowshares, high-speed, main and cascading separating bar elevators, support and running wheels, characterized in that a plow-top cultivator of the tuberous-layer soil crust is mounted above the plowshares, made in the form of a rotating shaft on which conical coil springs are attached with opposite windings, with each other with smaller bases over the middle of the plowshares, and with large bases between the plowshares, and installed with the possibility of changing the distance between the cultivator and furs.

Images