RU2288560C1 - Method of forming ridges for sowing and harvesting of roots and apparatus for performing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, vegetable growing.

SUBSTANCE: method involves cutting furrows; separating undercut soil layer; placing separated part of soil layer to furrow wall boundaries, followed by shifting thereof to furrow zone and forming of ridge; before separation procedure, subjecting undercut soil layer to rotavation, and after separation procedure, distributing unseparated part of soil layer in base of ridge side walls and forming track with flat bottom for passage of propellers of agrotechnical plant care machines. Apparatus has hillers fixed on frame and lateral rotavation drums equipped with housings. Separating grids disposed behind rotavation drums are made from C-shaped rods spaced from rotavation drum by distance enabling passage of rotavation drum knives through grid gaps and self-cleaning thereof. Apparatus is further equipped with section pivotally attached by means of carrier and flexible members on upper surface of rotavation drum housing. Side shields of housing are fixed at an angle to one another for forming of ridges. Hillers are positioned on frame forward of rotavation drums and have undercutting-turning front part and guarding-lateral vertical walls in rear part, having height at least equal to height of fastening drive shaft of rotavation drums. Lower edges of adjacent side shields of rotavation drum housing are positioned in one horizontal plane, at an angle to each other for forming track with flat bottom and width equal to width of propellers of plant care machines. Seeding section has seed hopper, seed guide, shank, coverer, and spring-loaded covering roller.

EFFECT: provision for forming of ridges from soil crumbles equal in size, planting to equal depth, retention of ridge shape during the entire plant vegetation period, harvesting without carrying out of soil from field.

4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a technology for the formation of ridges from fine-structured soil lumps of the same size, providing accelerated growth and development of plants and the subsequent mechanized harvesting of root crops without removal of land from the field.

A known method and device for the formation of fine-structural soil lumps and sprinkling with them rows of plants (see SU 238256 A, A 01 B 49/02, 06/30/1967).

In the known method, milling drums with casings mounted from the longitudinal axis of symmetry from the sides crush the soil lumps, and then the comb-forming working reflector bodies sprinkle the loosened soil to the plants. The known method improves the conditions for the growth and development of plants, but it does not provide the formation of fine-structured soil lumps of the same size and the subsequent harvesting of root crops by machines without removing the earth from the field.

There is a method of forming ridges for sowing and harvesting root crops, which is the closest analogue in terms of the claimed method (see SU 1544206 MKI A 01 B 49/02 A 01 B 79/00, 02/23/1990), including cutting a furrow, separation of a cut soil layer laying the separated part of the formation to the borders of the furrow wall with its subsequent displacement into the furrow zone with the formation of a crest

The known method provides conditions for the growth and development of plants, but it is impossible to obtain fine-structured soil lumps of the same size during the formation of ridges, to preserve this structure until harvesting, and to carry out subsequent mechanized harvesting of root crops without removing the soil from the field.

A device is known for forming ridges for sowing and harvesting root crops, including hillers mounted on the frame, milling drums with casings mounted on the sides (see SU 1493118 A1, A 01 B 13/04, A 01 B 49/00, 07/15/1989 .), which is the closest analogue in terms of the claimed device.

The known device improves the conditions for the growth and development of plants, but with this technology of soil cultivation, the production of fine-structured soil lumps of the same size and the subsequent mechanized harvesting of root crops without removing the soil from the field are excluded.

The technical result of the claimed group of inventions is to improve the quality of the formation of ridges by their formation from fine-structured soil lumps of the same size, sowing (planting) root and tuber plants without breaking the ridges to the same depth, preserving the ridges before harvesting its structure of soil lumps, and subsequent mechanized harvesting without removing the earth from the field .

Regarding the method, this is achieved by the fact that in the known method, including cutting a furrow, separating the cut soil layer, laying the separated part of the layer to the borders of the furrow wall with its subsequent displacement into the furrow zone with the formation of a crest, the cut soil layer is subjected to milling before separation, and then For separation, the unseparated part of the formation is distributed to the base of the side walls of the ridge and a track with a flat bottom is formed for the passage of the movers of machines for agrotechnical care of plants.

Regarding the device, this is achieved by the fact that the known device, including hillers mounted on the frame, mounted on the sides of the milling drums with casings, is equipped with separating gratings located behind the milling drums, made of C-shaped rods and installed from the milling drum at a distance that allows knives to pass of the milling drum through the gaps of the grate and their self-cleaning, and the sowing section, mounted pivotally by means of a leash and elastic elements on the upper plane of the milling drum casing, and the side shields of the casing are mounted at an angle to each other to form ridges, while the hillers are mounted on the frame in front of the milling drums and are made of a cutting-dump front part and a protecting-side vertical wall in the rear part, the height of which is made at least mounting heights of the drive shaft of the milling drums. In addition, the lower edges of the adjacent side shields of the milling drum casing are mounted in the same horizontal plane at an angle to each other to form a track with a flat bottom and a width equal to the width of the tires of the movers of machines for agricultural care of plants. At the same time, the sowing section has a seed hopper, seed tube, opener, shortener and a spring-loaded packer roller.

The supply behind the milling drums with separating grids with clearances of harvesting machines allows the formation of ridges of fine-structured soil lumps of the same size and mechanized harvesting of root crops without removing the soil from the field; the supply of the sowing (planting) section, pivotally mounted by means of a leash and elastic elements on the upper plane of the casing of the milling drum, allows you to use the casing as a bearing part and to exclude the copy wheels and the hinge of the sowing (planting) section, which eliminates damage to the ridges when sowing root crops with these structural units ; side shields of the casing serve as comb-forming working bodies; the installation of pupils on the frame with the removal relative to the milling drums in front and their execution from the cutting-dump front part and the enclosing-side vertical walls of the rear part with a height of not less than the level of the drive shaft of the milling drums provide undercutting of the soil formation with the formation of a furrow and its direction through the dump part along the borders of the furrow to grind soil lumps under the knives of milling drums, and the enclosing part keeps the layers of the soil layer from moving them from the zone of grinding of soil to omkov; the implementation of the separating lattice from the rods of a C-shape and its location from the milling drums at a distance of reaching the knives of the latter provide the ability to divert the unseparated part of the formation with large soil inclusions into the base of the side walls of the crest and self-cleaning itself and the knives of the milling drums from clogging; the installation of the lower edges of the adjacent side flaps of the casing in one horizontal plane at an angle to each other provides a track with a flat bottom with a width equal to the width of the propeller tires, and eliminates damage to the ridges when passing machines for agrotechnical care of root crops; sowing (planting) is provided to the same depth by a sowing section made of a hopper, vas deferens, opener, zagortacha and a packer roller and pivotally mounted by means of a leash on the upper plane of the casing due to vertically balanced pair of elastic elements.

Figure 1 shows a cross section of a ridge with ruts for the passage of propulsion machines; figure 2 - device for implementing the method, side view; figure 3 is the same, a top view; figure 4 - hiller, General view; figure 5 - casing of the milling drum, General view.

A device for implementing the method (FIGS. 2 and 3) comprises hillers 2 mounted on a frame 1 in a technological sequence, milling drums 3 mounted on the sides, separating grids 4 made of C-shaped rods with gaps of separating devices of harvesting machines, a casing 5 milling drums (figure 5), consisting of the upper plane 6 and side shields 7, which act as comb-forming working bodies and form the side walls of the ridges with a seal, a sowing (landing) section (figure 2 and 3), an installed ball irno 8 by the leash on the elastic elements - the pair counterbalancing force springs 9 on the upper plane of the milling drum housing. The okuchniks (Fig. 4) are mounted on a frame with the front relative to the milling drums and are made of a cutting-dump front part 10 with convex curvature and the guarding-side vertical walls of the rear part 11 with a height not less than the level of the milling drum drive shaft. Sowing (planting) section (figure 2, 3) is made of a hopper 12, vas deferens 13, opener 14, zagortacha 15 and a spring-loaded packer roller 16.

The method of making ridges for sowing and harvesting root crops is carried out by the device and is implemented in the following sequence. Before the formation of ridges, the main soil treatment is carried out to a depth of 12-15 cm, fertilizers are applied and this soil layer is milled. When the unit is moving, the hillers 2 cut the front layer of soil with the front dump part 10 and direct it to the sides under the knives of the milling drums 3, forming a furrow in the center. The knives of the milling drums crush the soil layer into small soil lumps, while during the milling process the raised layer of the layer (Fig. 4) is held by the vertical walls of the rear part 11 of the hiller 2, and the soil lumps are thrown onto the separation grates 4 with gaps of the separating devices of the harvesting machines . The separated mass of soil lumps that passed through the gap of the gratings 4 is stacked along the furrow boundaries, and after the mating drums 3 coming along side flaps 7 are shifted to the center again into the open furrow, forming a ridge above it (Fig. 1) and a track for the passage of machine propulsors. The stones that did not pass through the gaps of the gratings, the soil natural inclusions that could not be destroyed during milling, are diverted by the C-shaped bars of the gratings 4 to the side walls of the crest and rammed by the side shields 7 of the milling drums (Fig. 1).

Side flaps 7 of the casing 5 of the milling drums (Fig. 5), in the direction of travel, provide the formation of side slopes, and the lower edges of adjacent side flaps 7, located in the same plane at an angle to each other, form a flat track bottom, the width of which is equal to the width of the tires for passage propulsion machines. The upper plane 6 of the casing of the milling drums 3 not only forms the surface of the formed ridge, but also bears the seed section. The sowing section does not have a copying roller and linkage mechanisms and is mounted pivotally by means of a leash 8 and elastic elements — paired power compression and tension springs 9 directly on the upper plane 6 of the casing. Seeds (tubers) from the hopper 12 through the vas deferens 13 enter the furrow open by the coulter 14, are filled after the walking clutch 15 and are rolled by the roller 16. The root crops are sowed (planted) evenly in depth due to the installation of the articulated leash 8 and elastic elements (paired force-balanced each other) springs) on the upper plane 6 of the casing 5 of the milling drums.

This technology and the constructive implementation of the device allow you to create ridges from structural soil lumps of the same size, providing optimal conditions for sowing (planting), growth and development of root crops and their subsequent mechanized harvesting without removing the soil from the field.

Claims (4)

1. The method of forming ridges for sowing and harvesting root crops, including cutting the furrow, separating the undercut soil layer, laying the separated part of the formation to the borders of the furrow wall with its subsequent displacement into the furrow zone with the formation of a ridge, characterized in that the cropped soil layer is milled before separation processing, and after separation, the unseparated part of the formation is distributed into the base of the side walls of the ridge and a track with a flat bottom is formed for the propulsion of the machines along the agrotechnical an ode to the plants. 2. A device for forming ridges for sowing and harvesting root crops, including hillers mounted on the frame, milling drums with casings mounted on the sides, characterized in that it is equipped with separating gratings located behind the milling drums, made of C-shaped rods and installed from of the milling drum at a distance that ensures the passage of the milling drum knives through the gaps of the grate and their self-cleaning, and the sowing section, mounted pivotally by means of a leash and elastic e elements on the upper plane of the casing of the milling drum, and the side shields of the casing are installed at an angle to each other for the formation of ridges, while the nibbles are mounted on the frame in front of the milling drums and are made of cutting-dump front part and vertical side-protecting walls in the rear part, height which are made not less than the mounting height of the drive shaft of the milling drums. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the lower edges of the adjacent side shields of the milling drum casing are mounted in the same horizontal plane at an angle to each other to form a track with a flat bottom and a width equal to the width of the tires of the movers of machines for agricultural care of plants. 4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the sowing section has a hopper for seeds, seed tube, opener, zagortach and spring-loaded packer roller.

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