RU2419270C1 - Device to cultivate soil and cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises a frame, where a cutting drum is installed with flat bits arranged behind. The cutting drum has bent flat knives fixed on it. The bits are installed between the neighbouring knives of the cutting drum with a gap that does not exceed 10 mm. The bits have teeth and grooves. The teeth in the bits are directed forward with their tip, and the lower face of teeth is horizontal and perpendicular to the vertical stand of the bit. Each groove is limited with a horizontal tooth face on top, and with a curvilinear tooth face - at the bottom. Method of cultivation is carried out with the specified device. Method includes tillage of a soil layer, combing out plant inclusions with their simultaneous cutting and flattening.

EFFECT: invention ensures provision of a soil massif made of small soil lumps and plant inclusions, their preservation in process of agrotechnical maintenance of crops and mechanised harvesting of tubers without earth and plant inclusions takeaway off the field.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The patented invention relates to a soil treatment technology that provides loosening, combing of plant inclusions with their simultaneous cutting and flattening to sizes that exclude their removal from the field during mechanized harvesting of root crops.

A device for tillage is known, including a milling drum and crushers located under the casing located between the knives of the milling drum (A.S. 562230, MKI A01B 33/02, 06/12/1972).

The known device improves the crushing of lumps of soil, but the size of the resulting lumps does not exclude their removal from the field during the mechanized harvesting of root tubers and do not crush plant inclusions in the form of roots, stumps and core residues.

A device is known (A.S. 812201, MKI A01B 33/02, 1979), comprising a milling drum and a grill in the form of two rows of knives located behind the milling drum at a certain distance.

The known device improves the quality of grinding the soil discarded by the working bodies of the milling drum, but with this technology of soil cultivation the guaranteed production of small-sized soil lumps with sizes not exceeding the inter-rod gaps of the separating conveyors of root-crop harvesting machines is excluded, as well as the production of small-sized plant residues after grinding, which means that removal of land from the field during mechanized harvesting of root crops is not excluded.

As a prototype — a device for implementing the method — we have taken the closest technical solution disclosed in the description to SU 1521313 A1, including a milling drum, the plane-cutting legs of which are made curved with concavity in the direction of movement, and trapezoidal slots are made in these racks, and the frontal surface is serrated with the tops of the teeth pointing upward.

The known device improves the quality of combing plant inclusions from the treated soil layer and their cutting with flat knives of the milling drum due to the hanging of plant inclusions on the teeth, but this prevents the retention of large lumps of soil and cut plant inclusions for repeated destruction due to large gaps between the legs, predetermined by the width of the plane-cutting legs, and at such distances between the legs of the legs there is no effect of the flattening of large plant inclusions, with such Soil processing technology eliminates the guaranteed receipt of small-sized soil lumps and plant inclusions, the size of which does not exceed the magnitude of the inter-rod gaps of the separating conveyors of root and tubers harvesting machines. And this means that the removal of land and plant inclusions from the field during mechanized harvesting of root crops is not excluded.

A known method of tillage, including grinding the trimmed topsoil (A.S. 782731, MKI A01B 79/00, 11/30/1980).

This method involves trimming the topsoil from which roots and core residues are combed out, which are then flattened, crushed and spread over the surface of the arable layer in the form of mulch.

The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of producing soil lumps and plant inclusions, the sizes of which after grinding would not exceed the values of the inter-rod gaps of the separating conveyors of root and tuber-harvesting machines, which would exclude the removal of land and plant inclusions from the field during mechanized harvesting of root and tubers.

The closest technical solution to the invention according to the technical essence and the achieved effect is a method that includes combing and grinding the trimmed topsoil, taken as a prototype (US 3388750 A, 06/18/1968, number p.5).

This method provides loosening of the soil, combing out plant residues with simultaneous cutting and flattening.

The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of rigidly holding large clods of soil and plant inclusions on the racks of paws at the moment of exposure to milling drum knives on them until complete separation.

The technical task of the patented invention was to obtain a soil mass from structural soil lumps and plant inclusions of the same size, providing optimal conditions for sowing (planting), growth and development of root-bearing plants and their subsequent mechanized harvesting without removal of land and plant inclusions from the field.

The technical result in the implementation of the invention regarding the soil treatment device and the treatment method was to obtain a treated soil mass, consisting of small-sized soil lumps (less than 10 mm) and crushed, flattened plant inclusions, as well as maintaining the structure of the treated soil mass prior to harvesting and mechanized harvesting of root crops without removal of land and plant inclusions from the field.

Regarding the device, this is achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the prototype, it is equipped with chisels having teeth and depressions located behind the milling drum between the flat knives of the milling drum, while the gap between the bit stand and adjacent (adjacent) milling drum knives does not exceed 10 mm , the teeth on the chisels are pointed forward with their tip, the lower face of the tooth is horizontal and perpendicular to the vertical chisel, the upper face of the tooth is curved and tilted with respect to the vertical chisel; each cavity is bounded above by the horizontal face of the tooth, from below by a curved face of the tooth.

The installation of chisels having teeth and hollows behind the milling drum ensures that not only large lumps of soil are retained in the hollows of the chisels, but also large roots, kocherig and rod residues until the milling drum knives are open, loosening, cutting, and grinding the retained soil lumps and plant inclusions and crushing large plant inclusions clamped in the gap between the racks of chisels and flat knives of the milling drum. The chisels installed behind the milling drum perform not only combing and holding functions, but also the functions of a separating lattice, which allows the unseparated part of the soil mass to be kept in the crushing zone until the crushed soil mass is completely crushed and passes through the gaps between the chisels.

Regarding the method, this is achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the prototype, large lumps of soil and plant inclusions (roots, stumps, rod residues) are held in the hollows of the chisels until the knives of the milling drum are exposed, the teeth of the chisels, directed with their tip forward, not only loosen the soil, but and combing plant inclusions from the soil massif at different levels. This method of influencing the soil massif allows you to get more small-sized soil lumps, cut and flattened plant inclusions, the size of which is less than the size of the inter-rod gaps of the separating conveyors of harvesting machines.

The patented invention meets the requirement of unity, since the device and method are aimed at solving the same problem of loosening the soil, cutting and flattening plant inclusions for sowing and harvesting root crops and can only be used together.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed device and method of tillage, allowed to establish that the applicant did not find analogues for both the device and the method for all essential the features of the claimed device for tillage and method of tillage.

Thus, the patented invention meets the criterion of "novelty." To verify the compliance of each object of the patented invention with the criterion of "inventive step", the applicant conducted an additional search for known solutions to patent and scientific and technical sources of information. The search results showed that the soil treatment device and the processing method for the combination of distinctive features do not fall under the known technical solutions and do not follow explicitly from the prior art.

Figure 1 - shows a longitudinal section of the soil mass before and after treatment; figure 2 - device for tillage, side view; figure 3 is the same, a top view; figure 4 - bit, General view.

A soil treatment device (FIGS. 2 and 3) comprises a milling drum 2 and chisels 3 mounted on the frame 1 in the technological sequence, which are not only working bodies for loosening the soil, but also a sort of separating grate.

The knives of the 4 milling drums crush the soil array into small soil lumps. At the same time, during the milling process, the raised large lumps of soil and plant inclusions combed out from the soil mass are held by the hollows and teeth of the chisels until they are destroyed and crushed, cut and flattened to a size that allows them to pass through the gaps between the chisels and flat knives of the milling drum.

This arrangement of the device allows you to get high-quality tillage not only in a state of physical "ripeness" of it, but also with the strong drying of the lumps.

The stones that did not pass through the gaps between the chisels, soil natural inclusions that could not be destroyed during milling, are diverted to the windows between the chisels displaced relative to the axis of the milling drum, all chisels are sprung.

Such technology and the constructive implementation of the device make it possible to form processed arrays in the form of narrow and wide strips depending on the sowing pattern: row, ribbon or solid.

Claims (2)

1. A device for processing soils with plant inclusions in the form of roots, stumps and core residues, containing a frame on which a milling drum is mounted with curved flat knives fixed to it and flat chisels located behind the milling drum, characterized in that the chisels have teeth and troughs , while the teeth on the chisels are pointed forward with their tip, the lower face of the tooth is horizontal and perpendicular to the vertical stand of the bit, and each cavity is bounded above by the horizontal face of the tooth, below the curvatures ynoy face tooth, the chisels are mounted between adjacent knives of the milling drum with a gap not exceeding 10 mm. 2. A method of tillage, including loosening the soil layer, combing plant inclusions with their simultaneous cutting, characterized in that the loosening, combing of plant inclusions, their simultaneous cutting and conditioning is carried out by the device according to claim 1.

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