RU193862U1 - MACHINE FOR PROTECTING POTATO LANDINGS FROM COLORADIAN BEETLES AND ITS LARVAS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agriculture and can be used in technology to protect potato plantings from Colorado potato beetles and its larvae. A machine to protect potato plantings from Colorado potato beetle and its larvae is hung in front of the cultivating tractor and contains a frame on wheels, drives with compression guides potato stalks at the root, scrubbers mounted on the frame symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the tractor rotating, made in the form of flat discs, mounted at an angle to the axis of the shaft. The scrubbers in the form of flat disks are made oblique ellipsoidal, with the large axis of the ellipses being inclined to the axis of the shaft at an angle α = arcsin [D / (2a)], where D is the diameter of the ellipsoidal disk in the profile plane, 2a is the major axis of the ellipse. shakers, made in the form of ellipsoidal disks 7, installed at an angle α = arcsin [D / (2a)], where D is the diameter of the ellipsoidal disk in the profile plane, 2a is the major axis of the ellipse, make a complex spatial movement and intensively shake the potato bushes. Together, all this leads to an increase in the efficiency of shaking off Colorado beetles and its larvae from potato bushes.

Description

The utility model relates to agriculture and can be used in technology to protect potato crops from Colorado potato beetles and its larvae.

A known machine for collecting Colorado beetles and other harmful insects containing a frame on wheels, drives with guides for compressing potato stems at the root, biconvex lens dividers in horizontal section made with a working profiled surface and mounted on a frame rotating symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the tractor. The machine is hung in front of a row tractor (patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 166954 MPK A01M 5/04, declared 04/11/2016, publ. 12/20/2016 Bull. No. 35).

The technical solution allows to increase the collection efficiency of Colorado beetles, larvae and other harmful insects by shaking potato leaves with rotating dividers made in the form of a biconvex lens with a working profiled surface.

Also known is a machine for protecting potato plantings from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae, which is hung in front of a row-crop tractor and contains a frame on wheels, drives with guides for crimping potato stems at the root, dividers mounted on the frame rotating symmetrically to the tractor’s longitudinal axis. The dividers are made in the form of disks, fixed with the possibility of changing the angle to the axis of the shaft, between metal rings made with an internal conical hole and bolted, with an average diameter of the conical holes of the metal rings smaller than the outer diameter of the spherical hub. The spherical hub is made with an internal hole, one part of which is made under the cone, in which two conical spacers are inserted on the shaft. The other part of the hole in the spherical hub is cylindrical, on which the thread is made and equipped with a nut - retainer. A spherical hub with fixed discs is fixed on a rotating shaft with the possibility of movement along the axis of the shaft. (Patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 184623, IPC A01M 5/04, filed April 19, 2018, publ. November 11, 2018 Bull. No. 31).

A machine for protecting potato plantings from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae can increase the efficiency of protecting potato plantings from Colorado potato beetles and its larvae by shaking potato bushes with rotating circular disks mounted on the spherical hub of the rotating shaft at an angle to its axis.

However, the known machine for protecting plantings of potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae has significant disadvantages that lead to a decrease in the efficiency of shaking off the larvae from the leaves of the potato bush. As a result of inclined fastening of round flat disks on the shaft, their profile projections, i.e. projections onto a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation are obtained in the form of ellipses. For this reason, in the process, flat round discs oscillate in a vertical plane, i.e. start to jump. The greater the angle of inclination of the flat circular discs, the greater the amplitude of the vertical vibrations. This, in turn, violates not only the process of shaking potato bushes, but also worsens the kinematics of the sliding displacement of the flat disk vertically, which leads to damage to the leaves and bushes of the potato.

The objective of the utility model is to increase the efficiency of shaking off larvae from potato bushes.

The technical result consists in the fact that increasing the efficiency of shaking off larvae from potato bushes is provided by the working bodies of the shaking machines made ellipsoidal, which make a complex spatial movement.

The technical solution is achieved by the fact that the machine for protecting potato plantings from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae, which is hung in front of the row-crop tractor and contains a frame on wheels, drives with guides for crimping potato stems at the root, rotary shakers mounted on the frame rotating symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the tractor made in the form of flat disks fixed at an angle to the axis of the shaft, and scrubbers in the form of flat disks are made oblique ellipsoidal, with large axes of ellipses with this inclination s to the shaft axis at an angle

α = arcsin [D / (2a)],

where D is the diameter of the ellipsoidal disk in the profile plane,

2a is the major axis of the ellipse.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the inventive machine for protecting plantings of potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae meets the criterion of "novelty", as it differs from the prototype.

1. The shakers of beetles and larvae are made in the form of inclined ellipsoidal disks.

2. The large axis of the ellipses are inclined to the axis of the shaft at an angle

α = arcsin [D / (2a)],

where D is the diameter of the ellipsoidal disk in the profile plane,

2a is the major axis of the ellipse.

Identified signs of a technical solution of the claimed machine for protecting potato crops from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae allow us to conclude that the technical solution meets the criterion of "Significant differences".

By the totality of the features, the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty", since the working bodies of the scrubbers, unlike the prototype, are ellipsoidal and mounted on the shafts at a design angle α.

A machine for protecting potato plantings from Colorado potato beetles and its larvae meets the criterion of "inventive step", since the claimed technical solution is not obvious, it was proposed for the first time and, in combination of features, improves the efficiency of shaking off larvae from potato bushes.

In FIG. 1 shows a machine for protecting plantings of potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae (top view); in FIG. 2 shows a diagram of fixing ellipsoidal disks on a shaft; in FIG. 3 is a view A in FIG. 2.

The machine for protecting plantings of potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae consists of a frame 1, which is hung in front of a row crop tractor. (Tractor not shown). The frame 1 is supported by the support wheel 2. The drives 3 are mounted on the frame 1. The drives 3, the bottoms of which are made inclined, are connected to the guides 13, which compress the potato stems at the roots. Drives 3, hung on the frame 1, are placed in the spacing of 70 or 90 cm of the processed potatoes. Between the drives 3 there are rows or ridges with potato plants. The drives 3 are mounted on the frame 1 with the possibility of changing their position, since the technology of potato cultivation involves row spacing of 60, 70 or 90 cm in one row or 70-10-90 cm (in the figures the fastening of the drives 3 to the frame 1 is not shown). In the proposed technical solution, potatoes are planted according to the scheme of 70-10-90 cm. Wheels 4 of the row tractor are rolled along wide rows of 90 cm. Wheels of 4 tractors are mounted with a track of 170 cm. Wheel 2, on which the machine rests to protect potato crops from Colorado beetles and of its larvae, rolls along the average row spacing of 70 cm. On frame 1 between the drives 3 in the middle of rows of potatoes planted in two lines, between which there is a distance of 8 ... 10 cm, on the shaft 5, freely rotating in bearings 6 symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the tractor, s scrappers made in the form of flat inclined ellipsoidal disks 7 are fixed, fixed on a rotating shaft 5 at an angle α to its axis. The large axis of the ellipses of the disks 7 are inclined to the axis of the shaft

α = arcsin [D / (2a)],

where D is the diameter of the ellipsoidal disk in the profile plane,

2a is the major axis of the ellipse.

In this case, the profile projections of the ellipsoidal disks 7 are obtained in the form of circles with a given diameter D, i.e. provides a constant distance of the edge of the disc from the axis of rotation.

The disks 7 are mounted on the shaft 5 rotating. The rotation of the disks 7 is carried out from the support wheel 2 by a chain gear 8 to the gearbox 9 and from the gearbox 9 by a chain gear 10 to the shaft 5.

Limiters 12 are fixed to the frame 1 with ladders 11 to prevent the action of ellipsoid disks 7 on the stalks of potatoes. Ellipsoidal disks 7 are mounted on the shaft 5 with the possibility of displacement depending on the technology of cultivation of potatoes, that is, with row spacing of 70, 90 cm or 70-10-90 cm.

The limiters 12 are mounted with the possibility of displacement along the beam of the frame 1 depending on the method of planting potatoes 70, 90 cm or 70-10-90 cm.

Accumulators 3, the bottoms of which are made inclined, are connected with guides 13, which compress the stalks of potatoes at the roots.

A machine to protect potato plantings from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae is mounted on a hitch in front of a row tractor. (The tractor is not shown in the drawing material). A cultivating cultivator, for example, KOH-2.8M, is mounted behind the tractor. (The KON-2.8M cultivator is not shown in the drawing material). For one pass of the cultivating unit, the claimed machine collects Colorado beetles and its larvae, and the replaceable working bodies of the cultivating cultivator KON-2.8M carry out the necessary processing of potato rows.

The machine for protecting plantings of potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae works simultaneously during inter-row cultivation, hilling of potatoes and the application of mineral fertilizers.

A machine for protecting plantings of potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae works as follows.

When working a row unit, drives 3 move with uniform speed along the row-spacing. The guides 13 drives 3 compress the stalks of potatoes at the root. The shakers, made in the form of ellipsoidal disks 7, mounted at an angle α to the axis of the rotating shaft 5, while moving the rowing unit along the row-spacing, push, tilt and shake the potato stalks towards wide row-spacings above the drives 3.

Ellipsoidal disks 7 mounted on the shaft 5 at an angle α to its axis perform complex spatial movement and not only push and tilt the stalks of the potato, but also intensively shake the stalks of the potato. At the same time, not only Colorado beetles, as well as larvae fall into the drives 3. The technological process of collecting harmful insects from potato bushes is more intense, accompanied by complex spatial movement and shock effects of ellipsoid disks 7 on the potato bushes. The ellipsoidal disks 7 move along a sinusoidal path. Ellipsoidal disks 7, due to their design features, smoothly change the angle α of entry into the potato bushes within one revolution and intensively affect the potato plants with their lateral surfaces. As a result of the complex spatial movement and the impact on the potato plants of the ellipsoid disks 7 mounted on the rotating shaft 5, the efficiency of shaking off the leaves of the potato of not only Colorado potato beetles, but also its larvae increases.

Colorado beetles and its larvae that do not fall into drives 3 will be crushed by the supporting wheel 2 and the wheels 4 of the tractor or filled up with soil by the working bodies of the cultivating cultivator. In addition, when conducting field studies, it is noted that larvae that have fallen move through the soil to 3 cm and die.

In contrast to the prototype of the inventive machine, shakers made in the form of ellipsoidal disks 7 installed at an angle α = arcsin [D / (2a)], where D is the diameter of the ellipsoidal disk in the profile plane, 2a is the major axis of the ellipse to the axis of the shaft, complex spatial movement and vigorously shake potato bushes. Together, all this leads to an increase in the efficiency of shaking off Colorado beetles and its larvae from potato bushes.

Claims (4)

A machine for protecting potato plantings from the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae, which is mounted in front of the row-crop tractor and contains a frame on wheels, drives with guides for crimping potato stems at the root, shakers mounted on the frame symmetrically to the tractor’s longitudinal axis, made in the form of rotating flat disks fixed at an angle to the axis of the shaft, the scrubbers in the form of flat disks are made oblique ellipsoidal, and the large axis of the ellipses are inclined to the axis of the shaft at an angle α = arcsin [D / (2a)], where D is the diameter of the ellipsoidal disk in the profile plane, 2a is the major axis of the ellipse.

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