RU2339208C1 - Haulm removing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: machine includes frame equipped with specific connection element to tractor. Frame rests on support pneumatic wheels. Machine also includes cone-shaped reduction gear installed on frame, actuators with vertical rotational axis and knives mounted on reduction gear shafts. Knives are placed at acute angle to rotation plane so that they can be rotated in horizontal plane. Frame has four supports with mechanical mowing height adjusting mechanism resting upon pneumatic wheels. Cone-shaped reduction gear on frame is linked with three symmetrically displaced shafts by means of pulley gear. Shafts are in vertical plane displaced at 50°...60° to longitudinal axis of frame. Medium shaft is installed in the point vertical plane intersection with frame axis. Actuators are mounted on lower end of each shaft by means of flange. Each actuator is provided with knives installed in pairs opposite to each other on the same horizontal axis of flange at 40° angle to horizontal plane and in direction of their rotation. Knife width is 1/2 of its length. Cutting edge of each knife has lower sharpening. Knives are covered by jackets from the top. There is a haulm removing window in jackets. Lower open part of jacket is in the same plane as knives cutting plane. Rounded elements are available in places of extreme knives installation. Their radius is larger than the radius of knives rotation trajectory by 20...25 mm. The greatest distance "Б" from side wall to outer knife edge is 1/2 of knife length. Width of haulm removing window C is not more than the width of removed plants row-spacing.

EFFECT: reduced power consumption and meal consumption, increased machine productivity and complete haulm mowing, improved quality of removed product.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a device for removing tops, for example, onions in the vine before digging.

Known: a device for trimming the tops of plants on the vine (SU 1579478, MKI A01D 23/02, 07.23.1990), a top-harvesting machine (RU 2034433, MKI A01D 23/02, 05.10.1995), a machine for harvesting root crops of onions and garlic (RU 2175182, MKI A01D 27/04, 10.27.2001) and others. These devices have a common disadvantage in that when they work, the leaves are scattered in front of and behind the machine, resulting in reduced machine performance and the completeness of mowing tops.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed one is a top-picking machine (RU 2216902, MKI A01D 23/02, 11.27.2003), consisting of a frame with a device for attaching to a tractor, supported by supporting pneumatic wheels and working bodies with vertical and horizontal axes of rotation. Three bevel gears are mounted on the frame, interconnected by couplings. On the shafts of the gearboxes mounted working bodies with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane and working bodies with the possibility of rotation in the vertical plane. The working bodies with the possibility of rotation in a vertical plane have knives with working elements in the form of elastic rods. Working bodies with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane have knives located to the plane of their rotation at an acute angle.

The disadvantage of this topping machine is that during its operation there is a spread of tops in front of and behind the machine over the entire width of its capture. This leads to multiple cutting of the tops and increase the mass of the flow of tops passing through the machine, which reduces the completeness of mowing tops and productivity of the machine.

The tops, which remain behind the top picking machine, interferes with the onion harvesting process, worsens the quality of onion heap separation during harvesting, and the process of naturally drying onions laid on the field surface worsens.

The claimed invention is aimed at eliminating the above drawbacks and the following technical results were obtained from its use: the energy and metal consumption of the machine decreased, the machine productivity and the completeness of mowing tops increased, the quality of the harvested product improved.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the topping machine containing a frame with a device for attaching to the tractor, supported by pneumatic support wheels, a bevel gear mounted on the frame, a working body with a vertical axis of rotation, knives mounted on the shafts of the gearbox, located on the plane rotation at an acute angle, with the possibility of rotation in the horizontal plane, characterized in that the frame has four racks with a mechanism for mechanically adjusting the cutting height, supporting supported by pneumatic wheels, and the bevel gear mounted on the frame is connected to three symmetrically located shafts by means of a belt drive, the shafts being in a vertical plane located at an angle of 50 ° ... 60 ° to the longitudinal axis of the frame, with the middle shaft mounted at the intersection of the vertical plane and the axis of the frame, and on the lower end of each shaft with a flange mounted working bodies, each of which has knives mounted in pairs opposite each other on the same horizontal axis of the flange, at an angle m 40 ° to the horizontal plane in the direction of their rotation, while the width of the knife is 1/2 of its length, and the cutting edge of each knife has a lower sharpening, and the knives are closed from above by a casing having a top window, while the lower open part of the casing is located in one plane with the cutting plane of the knives, the casing is rounded with a radius greater than the radius of the trajectory of rotation of the knives by 20 ... 25 mm, while the greatest distance B from the side wall of the topping window to the outer edge of the knife is 1/2 the length of the knife, and the width of the topping windows with no more than the width of the aisle of the crop. Graphic materials.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the topping machine, front view, and a mechanism for adjusting the height of mowing.

Figure 2 shows a bottom view of the topper.

Figure 3 presents a diagram of the working body of the topping machine.

The topping machine contains a frame 1 (Fig. 1) with a device for attachment to a tractor 2 and working bodies 3 with a vertical axis of rotation. The frame has four racks 5 with a mechanism for mechanically adjusting the cutting height 6, based on pneumatic wheels 4. To transmit torque using belt drives 7 to three symmetrically arranged shafts 8, a bevel gear 9 is installed on frame 1. The shafts 8 are located in a vertical plane located at an angle of 50 ° ... 60 ° to the longitudinal axis of the frame 1, while the middle shaft is installed at the point of intersection of the vertical plane and the axis of the frame 1. At the lower end of each shaft 8 using the flange 10 mounted working bodies 3, including e two mounting brackets 12 (figure 2, 3), on which the knives 11 are fixed at an angle of 40 ° to the horizontal plane in the direction of their rotation, installed in pairs opposite each other on the same horizontal axis of the flange 10. The width of each knife 11 is 1/2 its length, and the cutting edge has a lower sharpening. From above, the knives 11 are closed by a casing 13 having a top-opening window, while the lower open part of the casing 13 is located in the same plane as the cutting plane of the knives 11. At the points of installation of the extreme knives 11, the casing 13 has a radius of greater than the radius of the path of rotation of the knives 11 by 20 .. .25 mm, with the largest distance B from the side wall of the topping window to the outer edge of the knife is 1/2 the length of the knife. The width of the topping window C is not more than the row spacing of the harvested crop.

Haulm machine operates as follows.

When the machine moves, the field topography is copied using four pneumatic wheels 4 (Fig. 1) mounted on racks 5 with a mechanism for mechanically adjusting the cutting height 6, which allows you to adjust the cutting height of the onion tops and leafy mass of weeds.

When the working bodies 3 of the machine rotate, including knives 11 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3), the width of each of which is 1/2 of its length, installed in pairs opposite each other on the same horizontal axis of the flange 10 at an angle of 40 ° to the horizontal plane along during their rotation, inside the casing 13 (Fig. 2), the lower open part of which is located in the same plane as the cutting plane of the knives, an air flow is created that lifts the dead tops of onions and the leafy mass of weeds and brings them into the cutting zone, where the tops of onions and leafy stems mass of weed slice etsya and crushed.

Due to the fact that three symmetrically located shaft 8 (Fig. 1) are in a vertical plane and are located at an angle of 50 ° ... 60 ° to the longitudinal axis of the frame 1, and the middle shaft is installed at the intersection of the vertical plane and the axis of the frame, overlap occurs cutting zones of the working bodies 3, which contributes to the complete mowing of the tops of onions and leafy mass of weeds over the entire width of the beds.

In the places of installation of the extreme knives 11 (Figs. 2, 3), the casing 13 has a radius of greater than the radius of the trajectory of rotation of the knives 11 by 20 ... 25 mm, which avoids the accumulation of crushed mass inside the casing 13 and its removal from the working bodies 3 (Fig. 1) to the topping window.

The distance B (figure 2) from the side wall of the topping window to the outer edge of the knife 11 is 1/2 of the length of the knife 11, which provides free exit of the crushed mass from the inner cavity of the casing through the topping window on the aisle, and the width C of the topping window is not more than the row spacing harvested culture.

The drive of the working bodies 3 (figure 1) is carried out from the PTO of the energy means through the drive mechanism, gear 9 and belt drives 7.

The use of the invention improves the productivity and completeness of mowing tops and improve the quality of the harvested product.

Claims (1)

A topping machine comprising a frame with a device for attachment to a tractor, supported by pneumatic support wheels, a bevel gear mounted on the frame, a working body with a vertical axis of rotation mounted on the gear shaft, knives located at an acute angle with rotation for rotation in a horizontal plane, characterized in that the frame has four racks with a mechanism for mechanically adjusting the cutting height, supported by pneumatic wheels, and the conical mounted on the frame the gearbox is connected to three symmetrically located shafts by means of a belt drive, the shafts being in a vertical plane located at an angle of 50 ... 60 ° to the longitudinal axis of the frame, with the middle shaft installed at the intersection of the vertical plane and the axis of the frame, and on the lower at the end of each shaft, with the help of a flange, working bodies are mounted, each of which has knives mounted in pairs opposite each other on the same horizontal axis of the flange, at an angle of 40 ° to the horizontal plane in the direction of their rotation, while the length of the knife is equal to 1/2 of its length, and the cutting edge of each knife has a lower sharpening, and the knives are closed from above by a casing having a top window, while the lower open part of the casing is located in the same plane as the cutting plane of the knives, and the casing is in the places of installation of the extreme knives has a radius of a large radius of the trajectory of rotation of the knives by 20 ... 25 mm, while the greatest distance B from the side wall of the topping window to the outer edge of the knife is 1/2 the length of the knife, and the width of the topping window C is not more than the width aisles of harvested culture.

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