RU2646884C1 - Method of pruning roots of growing seedlings and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: forestry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to forestry. Method is proposed for pruning the roots of growing seedlings, including simultaneous cutting of horizontal and vertical roots. Cutting of plant roots is performed obliquely from both sides of a row of plants, forming a triangular profile of their root coma. Device is also proposed for pruning the roots of growing seedlings, including a frame, support wheels and trimming knives. Cutting blades are installed in pairs at angle to each other with a shift along the longitudinal axis of the frame and are adjusted in height. In each pair of knives, one of them exceeds the depth of the other.

EFFECT: invention provides improvement in quality of simultaneous root pruning.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of forestry and can be used in the cultivation of enlarged seedlings without regrowing in forest nurseries using mechanical means.

Trimming the roots of growing seedlings is one of the technological methods that allow you to grow plants with a developed and compact root system in a limited amount of soil, thereby increasing their survival during transplantation and accelerating growth in the forested area.

A known method of growing planting material in forest nurseries, in which the cutting of the vertical and horizontal roots of seedlings is carried out in order to form a compact root system [1].

Technical devices for carrying out this technological operation are root-cutters with vertical, horizontal or combined knives fixed on its frame with support wheels [2].

Vertical knives provide trimming only lateral, horizontal roots at a distance of 10-15 cm from the stem of the plant. Horizontal knives made in the form of a bracket cut vertical roots to a depth of 15 cm. Combined working bodies cut both horizontal and vertical roots at the same time. With such methods of root pruning, the transverse profile of the soil layer in the area of the root system of seedlings is a rectangular section.

The disadvantages of the aforementioned method and devices intended for trimming the roots of plants are that a rectangular section of the root lump profile of the soil is formed and the further development of lateral roots complicates the use of grown seedlings for mechanized planting and there is a need for their manual pruning before planting. In addition, a significant deformation of the soil occurs, and when the horizontal knife interacts with the soil, its bottom becomes denser, which causes a violation of the water-air state of the soil and worsens the nutritional conditions of plants. Thus, seedlings after pruning roots experience a state of shock, which negatively affects their growth and development and, subsequently, survival on the forested area.

The task of the proposed method and device for its implementation is aimed at improving the quality of cultivated planting material by rationally pruning the roots of growing seedlings, which ensures the formation of a compact and most suitable root system for mechanized planting.

The technical result consists in improving the quality of pruning of the roots of growing seedlings and is achieved by the fact that in the proposed method, pruning of plant roots is carried out obliquely from two sides of a row of plants, forming a triangular profile of their root coma.

Thus, the proposed combination of features of the proposed method, in contrast to the prototype, provides improved quality of pruning of the roots of growing seedlings by ensuring the most favorable conditions for plant growth due to minimal deformation of the soil directly in the area of the plant root system, and the surface of the soil bottom after trimming is combed and eliminated compaction of the lower soil layer, which contributes to the accumulation of moisture, as well as the opportunity to get moisture from the roots natural capillary system of the untouched (combed) part of the soil, especially in the dry period.

In FIG. 1 presents a scheme for trimming the roots of growing seedlings by the proposed method; in FIG. 2 - device for implementing the method, side view; in FIG. 3 - the same, top view.

A device for implementing the method includes a frame 1 with a linkage mechanism on the tractor, support wheels 2, two transverse beams 3 and 4, trimming knives 5 and 6.

The cutting knives 5 and 6 are mounted in pairs on the transverse bars 3 and 4 at an angle to each other and with an offset along the longitudinal axis of the frame. According to the form of execution, the cutting knives can be made in the form of straight flat sharpened knives, shown in FIG. 1, 2, 3, or, alternatively, one of the pair of knives in its lower part is bent towards the row of plants, shown by the dashed line in FIG. one.

The cutting knives 5 and 6 are adjustable in height, for example, using clamps (not shown in the drawings) mounted on the transverse bars 3 and 4. By means of the clamps, the depth of the knives is adjusted. In this case, one of the pair of knives 6 exceeds the depth of travel of the knives 5.

The device operates as follows. Initially, using the support wheels 2, the required depth of cutting of the roots is established. The installation of the knives is carried out in such a way that one of the pair of knives exceeds the depth of the other, thereby blocking the cutting line of the first (in this case, the knives 6 exceed the depth of the knives 5).

After entering the aisle, the operator lowers the device to the soil surface until the support wheels 2 come into contact with its surface.

Initially, they dig into the soil and trim the plant roots on one side of the row, cutting knives 5, and then trimming knives 6 displaced along the longitudinal axis of the frame on the other side of the row.

Due to the pairwise arrangement of cutting knives and at an angle to each other, a triangular profile of the root coma is formed, and exceeding the depth of one of the knives of each pair provides a complete trimming of the vertical roots of a number of plants.

An example of a specific implementation.

To determine the effectiveness of root pruning according to the prototype and the proposed method, experiments were carried out in spruce crops.

In the experiment, equipment was used to trim the roots of OPK-1,3 (prototype) and a device structurally modified to it according to the proposed method. Aggregation was carried out with the MT3-82 tractor.

Root cutting was carried out in the month of May at the 3rd year of growing planting material. Horizontal roots were cut at a distance of 10 cm from a number of plants, and vertical roots were cut to a depth of 10 ... 15 cm.

The main advantage of the proposed method is that when planting on the forested area, the formed triangular profile of the root lump of the soil provides better survival due to more tight contact of the roots with the soil, in addition, the roots do not bend when planting, unlike the prototype, where it is necessary to manually pruning before landing.

To study the viability of the seedlings, they were planted on the forested area. It was revealed that pruning of roots favorably affects the survival rate of seedlings. In variants with trimming according to the proposed method, it amounted to 96 ... 98%, according to the prototype - 89 ... 92%, while uncut - 76 ... 84%.

The proposed method of pruning the roots of growing seedlings and a device for its implementation will improve the quality of pruning of the roots of the seedlings by forming a triangular profile of the root coma, eliminate compaction of the lower soil layer and reduce the degree of loosening of the soil in it, and also improve the water-air condition of the soil due to the comb surface bottom and improve the conditions for the mechanized planting of seedlings in the forested area.

Information sources

1. Encyclopedia of forestry. - M. - 2006. - T. II. - S. 144.

2. Modern technologies and machines for forestry. - M. - VNIILM. - 2006. - 28 p.

Claims (3)

1. A method of trimming the roots of growing seedlings, including the simultaneous trimming of horizontal and vertical roots, characterized in that the trimming of the roots of plants is carried out obliquely on both sides of the row of plants, forming a triangular profile of their root coma. 2. A device for trimming the roots of growing seedlings, including a frame, support wheels and cutting knives, characterized in that the cutting knives are installed in pairs at an angle to each other with an offset along the longitudinal axis of the frame and are adjustable in height, while in each pair of knives one of They exceed the depth of the other. 3. A device for trimming the roots of growing seedlings according to claim 2, characterized in that the lower part of one knife from each pair is bent towards the row of plants.

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